Saulo Dɛŋdade ni Ahala Kɛha Nuntsɔ Lɛ

SAULO ni jɛ Tarso lɛ ji shitee-kɛ-wolɔ ni gbe Kristo sɛɛnyiɛlɔi lɛ. Shi no mli lɛ, Nuntsɔ lɛ yɛ nitsumɔ srɔto ko ni ebaaha etsu wɔsɛɛ. Saulo baafee najiaŋdamɔlɔ ni ekaaa yɛ nɔ tuuntu ni ete shi ewo dɛŋdɛŋ lɛ he. Yesu kɛɛ: “[Saulo] ji midɛŋdade ni ahala aha mi, koni ehiɛ migbɛi lɛ kɛya jeŋmaji kɛ maŋtsɛmɛi kɛ Israelbii lɛ hu ahiɛ.”​—Bɔfoi lɛ Asaji 9:​15.

Atsake Saulo shihilɛ akɛ “mɛi aniseniianifeelɔ” lɛ kwraa beni ana lɛ mɔbɔ ni ebatsɔ “dɛŋdade ni ahala” kɛha Nuntsɔ Yesu Kristo lɛ. (1 Timoteo 1:​12, 13) Beni Saulo batsɔ Kristofonyo bɔfo Paulo lɛ, hewalɛ ni tsirɛ lɛ ni ha ekɛ ehe wo tɛi ni atswia Stefano lɛ mli lɛ, kɛ tutuamɔi krokomɛi ni ekɛba Yesu kaselɔi lɛ anɔ lɛ batsake, ni ebaná susumɔi ni yɔɔ srɔto kwraa. Eka shi faŋŋ akɛ Yesu na sui komɛi ni asumɔɔ yɛ Saulo mli. Mɛɛ sui nɛkɛ? Namɔ ji Saulo? Mɛɛ gbɛ nɔ shihilɛ mli ni eyɔɔ lɛ feɔ lɛ mɔ ni sa kɛha nitsumɔ yɛ anɔkwa jamɔ lɛ hiɛyaa mli? Ani wɔbaanyɛ wɔkase nɔ ko kɛjɛ enɔkwɛmɔnɔ lɛ mli?

Weku Mli ni Saulo Jɛ

Beni agbe Stefano yɛ Pentekoste afi 33 Ŋ.B. sɛɛ be fioo ko lɛ, no mli lɛ Saulo ji “oblanyo.” Beni eŋmaa Filemon yɛ aaafee afi 60-​61 Ŋ.B. lɛ, no mli lɛ etsɔ “nuumo.” (Bɔfoi lɛ Asaji 7:​58; Filemon 9) Woloŋlelɔi kɛɔ akɛ, taakɛ bɔ ni blema afi he akɔntaabuu tsɔɔ lɛ, “oblanyo” ji mɔ ko ni eye kɛjɛ afii 24 kɛ afii 40, yɛ be mli ni “nuumo” baaye kɛjɛ afii 50 kɛyashi afii 56. Enɛ hewɔ lɛ, ekolɛ Yesu fɔmɔ sɛɛ be fioo ko mli afɔ́ Saulo.

Nakai be lɛ mli lɛ, no mli lɛ, Yudafoi yɛ je lɛŋ fãi babaoo mli. Kunimyeli, nyɔŋyeli, naneshi tu tswaa, jarayeli, kɛ suɔmɔ mli ni ajɛɔ ayahiɔ he kroko lɛ ji nibii ni fata nɔ ni ha amɛ gbɛ amɛshwã kɛjɛ Yudea lɛ he. Eyɛ mli akɛ no mli lɛ eweku lɛ fata Yudafoi ni egbɛ eshwã lɛ ahe moŋ, shi Saulo ma toiboo ni amɛfeɔ amɛhaa Mla lɛ nɔ mi, ejaje akɛ “gbi ni ji gbi kpaanyɔ lɛ nɔ afo mi ketia, Israel fɔmɔ kɛ Benyamin akutso lɛŋ nyo ji mi, Hebrinyo mli Hebrinyo, ni mla lɛ naa lɛ Farisifonyo hu.” Saulo hiɛ Hebri gbɛi kome too ni kã gbɔmɔ wulu ko nɔ yɛ ekutso lɛ mli​—klɛŋklɛŋ Israel maŋtsɛ lɛ. Ákɛ mɔ ko ni afɔ́ lɛ akɛ Romanyo lɛ, Saulo ni jɛ Tarso lɛ yɛ Latin gbɛi hu, ni ji Paullus.​—Filipibii 3:5; Bɔfoi lɛ Asaji 13:21; 22:25-​29.

Saulo ni afɔ́ lɛ akɛ Romanyo lɛ tsɔɔ akɛ eblematsɛmɛi lɛ ateŋ mɔ ko ná hegbɛ ebatsɔ Romanyo. Yɛ mɛɛ gbɛ nɔ? Nibii babaoo yɛ ni baanyɛ eha eba lɛ nakai. Yɛ fɔmɔ ni afɔɔ mɔ ko akɛ maŋnyo lɛ sɛɛ lɛ, abaanyɛ akɛha aŋkroaŋkroi loo kui, ekolɛ nibii pɔtɛɛ komɛi ahewɔ ni amɛsa nakai maŋkwramɔŋ saji ahe sɛɛnamɔ ko, loo sɔɔmɔ srɔto ko ni akɛ haa maŋ lɛ he nyɔmɔwoo. Nyɔŋ ni baanyɛ ahe eheyeli kɛjɛ Romanyo ko dɛŋ, loo mɔ ni Romanyo eha lɛ heyeli lɛ, baatsɔ Romanyo diɛŋtsɛ. Nakai ji bɔ ni asraafonyo ko ni tsutsu lɛ eyɔɔ asraafoi akuu mli lɛ baanyɛ abatsɔ Romanyo beni ajie lɛ kɛjɛ Roma asraafoi akuu lɛ mli lɛ. Jakumaŋbii ni shihilɛhe yɔɔ Roma nɔyeli shishi lɛ baanyɛ abatsɔmɔ maŋbii be ko. Awie hu akɛ yɛ bei komɛi amli lɛ, awoɔ shika babaoo akɛheɔ maŋnyo tsɔmɔ. Bɔ ni fee ni maŋnyo tsɔmɔ hegbɛ bote Saulo weku lɛ mli lɛ kã he eji teemɔŋ sane.

Wɔ le akɛ Saulo jɛ Tarso, maŋ wulu lɛ kɛ Roma maŋtiase nɔyeli shikpɔŋ ni ji Kilikia lɛ (ni agbɛnɛ eyɔɔ Turkey wuoyigbɛ lɛ) mli. Eyɛ mli akɛ Yudafoi babaoo yɛ jɛmɛ moŋ, shi jɛmɛ hilɛ lɛ hu baanyɛ aha Saulo kɛ ehe awo Jeŋmajiabii akusum lɛ mli. Tarso ji maŋtiase agbo ko ni eshwere ni ale lɛ akɛ jɛmɛ ji he ni akaseɔ Helabii akusumii yɛ. Abu akɔŋtaa akɛ, klɛŋklɛŋ afii oha lɛ mli bii lɛ ayibɔ kã 300,000 kɛ 500,000 teŋ. Eji jarayelihe titri ni yɔɔ gbɛjegbɛ wulu ni kã Asia Bibioo, Siria kɛ Mesopotamia teŋ. Tarso ná eshweremɔ lɛ kɛjɛ guɔyeli kɛ eshikpɔŋ ni baa nii ni ebɔle ehe lɛ, ni baa ŋmãa titri, wein, kɛ klala lɛ mli. Aná buu ni akɛ mama shiɔ lɛ kɛjɛ mama loo nitsumɔ ni no mli lɛ eyaa nɔ jogbaŋŋ lɛ mli.

Saulo Wolo Kasemɔ

Saulo, loo Paulo, jɛ anɔkwayeli mli eto gbɛjianɔ ni efi esanekpakpa shiɛmɔ nitsumɔ lɛ sɛɛ kɛtsɔ buui aloomɔ nɔ. (Bɔfoi lɛ Asaji 18:​2, 3; 20:34) Buuloo nitsumɔ lɛ ji nɔ ni atsuɔ yɛ Tarso, ni ji maŋ ni ejɛ mli lɛ. Eeenyɛ eba akɛ Saulo kase buuloo nitsumɔ nɛɛ kɛjɛ etsɛ ŋɔɔ beni eji oblanyo fioo.

Wiemɔi srɔtoi ni Saulo le​—titri lɛ, bɔ ni ehe ekwakwao yɛ Hela wiemɔ, ni ji wiemɔ ni awieɔ yɛ Roma Maŋtsɛyeli lɛ mli lɛ​—hu he ba sɛɛnamɔ babaoo yɛ esanekpakpa shiɛmɔ nitsumɔ lɛ mli. (Bɔfoi lɛ Asaji 21:⁠37​–22:⁠2) Mɛi ni pɛi eniŋmaai lɛ amli lɛ kɛɛ akɛ, Hela lɛ ja. Ekɛ sane ni eshishinumɔ wa loo nɔ ni mli kãaa shi tsuuu nii, shi moŋ, egbala jwɛŋmɔ kɛtee Septuagint, ni ji Hela shishitsɔɔmɔ kɛha Hebri Ŋmalɛi ni efɔɔ yisɛɛ tsɛmɔ loo ekɛ lɛ diɛŋtsɛ ewiemɔ wieɔ lɛ mli. Woloŋlelɔi srɔtoi damɔ odase nɛɛ nɔ ni amɛkɛɛ akɛ, kɛ́ hooo lɛ Saulo ná shishijee nikasemɔ kpakpa yɛ Hela wiemɔ mli, ekolɛ yɛ Yudafoi askul ko mli. Woloŋlelɔ Martin Hengel kɛɛ akɛ: “Yɛ blema bei amli lɛ, wolo kasemɔ kpakpa​—⁠titri lɛ Hela wolo kasemɔ ko​—​jeee nɔ ni akɛ keɔ yaka; taakɛ eji lɛ, aheɔ heloonaa nibii komɛi.” No hewɔ lɛ, Saulo wolo kasemɔ lɛ tsɔɔ akɛ ejɛ weku ko ni ehe gbɛi waa mli.

Ŋwanejee ko bɛ he akɛ, beni Saulo ye afii 13 lɛ, etsa enikasemɔ lɛ nɔ yɛ Yerusalem, ni kɛ shia jɛkɛmɔ feɔ kilomitai 840 lɛ. Atsɔse lɛ yɛ Gamaliel, ni ji tsɔɔlɔ ni he esa ni ale lɛ waa yɛ Farisifoi ablema saji amli lɛ anaji anaa. (Bɔfoi lɛ Asaji 22:​3; 23:⁠6) Nakai nikasemɔi lɛ tamɔ univɛrsiti nikasemɔ ŋmɛnɛ, ni egbele hegbɛi ni akɛaaná bulɛ yɛ Yuda jamɔ lɛ mli.a

Nyɛmɔi ni Ekɛtsu Nii yɛ Gbɛ Kpakpa Nɔ

Akɛni afɔ́ Saulo awo Yudafoi aweku ko mli yɛ Hela kɛ Roma maŋtiase lɛ mli lɛ hewɔ lɛ, ejɛ wekui etɛ mli. Ŋwanejee ko bɛ he akɛ, shihilɛ mli wiemɔi srɔtoi ni akɛtsuɔ nii lɛ mli ní ejɛ lɛ ye bua lɛ ni ebatsɔ ‘ehe nɔ fɛɛ nɔ eha mɛi fɛɛ.’ (1 Korintobii 9:​19-​23) No mli lɛ, Romanyo ni eji lɛ ha ená hegbɛ ni ekɛfã esɔɔmɔ nitsumɔ lɛ he yɛ mla naa, ni ewie sanekpakpa lɛ he yɛ Roma Maŋtsɛyeli hegbɛ ni nɔ kwɔ fe fɛɛ lɛ hiɛ. (Bɔfoi lɛ Asaji 16:​37-​40; 25:​11, 12) Eji anɔkwale akɛ, no mli lɛ, Yesu ni atee lɛ shi lɛ le shihilɛ mli ni Saulo jɛ, ewolo kasemɔ, kɛ esu kɛ baŋ, ni ekɛɛ Anania akɛ: “Yaa, ejaakɛ mɔ nɛ ji midɛŋdade ni ahala aha mi, koni ehiɛ migbɛi lɛ kɛya jeŋmaji kɛ maŋtsɛmɛi kɛ Israelbii lɛ hu ahiɛ. Ejaakɛ mibatsɔɔ lɛ amanehului abɔ ni ebaana yɛ migbɛi lɛ ahewɔ.” (Bɔfoi lɛ Asaji 9:​13-​16) Beni enine shɛ gbɛtsɔɔmɔ ni ja nɔ lɛ, Saulo kɛ ekãa ni eyɔɔ lɛ tsu nii ni ekɛgbɛ Maŋtsɛyeli shɛɛ sane lɛ eshwã shikpɔŋkukuji ni yɔɔ lɛ amli.

Saulo ni Yesu hala lɛ kɛha nitsumɔ krɛdɛɛ lɛ ji Kristofoi ayinɔsane mli nifeemɔ ko ni ekaaa. Kɛlɛ, ŋmɛnɛŋmɛnɛ beaŋ Kristofoi fɛɛ yɛ aŋkroaŋkro nyɛmɔi kɛ kadimɔ nii ni amɛbaanyɛ amɛkɛtsu nii kɛmɔ shi yɛ sanekpakpa lɛ gbɛɛ kɛ shwãmɔ mli. Beni Saulo na nɔ ni Yesu taoɔ kɛjɛɔ edɛŋ lɛ, estĩii ehe naa. Efee nɔ fɛɛ nɔ ni ebaanyɛ ni ekɛha Maŋtsɛyeli lɛ he nibii aya hiɛ. Ani nakai eji yɛ ogbɛfaŋ?

[Shishigbɛ niŋmai]

[Akrabatsa/Mfoniri ni yɔɔ baafa 30]

Gbɛi Aŋmalamɔ kɛ Romanyo Tsɔmɔ he Odaseyeli Wolo

Augusto ji mɔ ni ha ato gbekɛbii ni atsɔ mla gbɛ nɔ afɔ́ amɛ ni aŋmala amɛgbɛi ni amɛbatsɔmɔ Romabii lɛ yɛ mlai enyɔ ni afee yɛ afi 4 kɛ afi 9 Ŋ.B. mli lɛ. Kɛ afɔ́ gbekɛ ko lɛ, esa akɛ aŋma egbɛi yɛ gbii 30 mli. Yɛ maŋtiase lɛ mli lɛ esa akɛ weku ko ajaje faŋŋ yɛ kojolɔ ko hiɛ yɛ maŋ lɛ nitsumɔhe ni sa ni kwɛɔ nibii ni aŋmala ato yɛ wolo nɔ lɛ nɔ, ni ejaje akɛ afɔ́ gbekɛ lɛ yɛ gbɛ kpakpa nɔ ni eji Romanyo. Efɔlɔi agbɛi, gbekɛ lɛ bɔɔsu kɛ egbɛi, kɛ gbi nɔ ni afɔ́ lɛ hu fata nibii ni aŋmalaa lɛ he. Dani aaajie mlai nɛɛ akpo lɛ, no mli lɛ daa afii enumɔ lɛ, atsɔɔ mɛi akanemɔ nɔ afeɔ Roma maji, shihemɔhei, kɛ maŋsɔɔlɔi onukpai ahalamɔ ehee.

No hewɔ lɛ, mɔ ko baanyɛ atsɔɔ eshidaamɔ kɛtsɔ nibii ni abaa yi ni akwɛɔ nɔ jogbaŋŋ lɛ mlikwɛmɔ nɔ. Ni abaanyɛ ana odaseyeli he woji nɛɛ yɛ tso tɛtaoi anɔ (tɛtaoi ni akotaa). Yɛ woloŋlelɔi komɛi agbɛfaŋ lɛ, kɛ Paulo kɛɛ akɛ Romanyo ji lɛ lɛ, no lɛ, ebaanyɛ ená odaseyeli wolo ni ekɛtsɔɔ mli. (Bɔfoi lɛ Asaji 16:37; 22:​25-​29; 25:11) Akɛni abuɔ Romanyo ni mɔ ko ji lɛ akɛ eji “su krɔŋŋ” ni haa mɔ ko náa hegbɛi babaoo hewɔ lɛ, kɛ mɔ ko tsake nɔ ko yɛ odaseyeli ni tamɔ nakai he lɛ, no lɛ efee esha ni hiɛdɔɔ yɔɔ mli waa. Ni aaamale hegbɛ ni mɔ ko yɔɔ lɛ he lɛ he toigbalamɔ ji gbele.

[He ni Sane lɛ Jɛ]

Historic Costume in Pictures/Dover Publications, Inc., New York

[Akrabatsa/Mfoniri ni yɔɔ baafa 31]

Saulo Roma Gbɛi

Kɛ́ hooo kwraa lɛ Romanyo nuu fɛɛ nuu yɛ nibii etɛ ni haa enaa egbɛi. Eyɛ gbɛi ko ni jeɔ egbɛi shishi, weku gbɛi (ni tsa weku gbɛi ni ejɛ mli lɛ mli lɛ nɔ), kɛ etsɛ gbɛi. Nɔkwɛmɔnɔ kome ni ehe gbɛi waa ji Gaius Julius Caesar. Eyɛ mli akɛ Biblia lɛ tsɛɛɛ Roma gbɛi lɛ fɛɛ moŋ, shi je lɛŋ woji komɛi kɛɔ wɔ akɛ atsɛɔ Agrippa akɛ Marcus Julius Agrippa. Atsɛ Gallio akɛ Lucius Junius Gallio. (Bɔfoi lɛ Asaji 18:12; 25:13) Ŋmalɛ mli nɔkwɛmɔnii ni atsĩ mɛi komɛi agbɛi etɛ lɛ mli naagbee enyɔ tã lɛ ji Pontio Pilato (niŋmaa ni yɔɔ shishigbɛ lɛ), Sergio Paulo, Klaudio Lisia, kɛ Porkio Festo.​​—⁠Bɔfoi lɛ Asaji 4:​27; 13:7; 23:26; 24:⁠27.

Anyɛŋ atsɔɔ kɛ nɔmimaa kɛji Paullus ji Saulo gbɛi ni akɛwo lɛ loo etsɛ gbɛi. Eji nɔ ni efɔɔɔ kaa akɛ akɛ gbɛi ko ni mla bɛ he aaafata mɔ ko gbɛi he ni eweku kɛ enanenɛi kɛtsɛ lɛ. Yɛ gbɛ kroko nɔ lɛ, abaanyɛ akɛ gbɛi ko tamɔ Saulo ni jeee Roma gbɛi lɛ atsu nii akɛ najiaŋtoo nɔ̃. Woloŋlelɔ ko kɛɛ akɛ: “[Saulo] nyɛŋ afee Roma gbɛi gbi ko, shi moŋ ebaahi akɛ signum, ni ji gbɛi ni maŋbii kɛtsɛɔ Romanyo ko.” Yɛ hei ni awieɔ wiemɔi srɔtoi yɛ lɛ, shihilɛ lɛ baatsɔɔ nuu ko gbɛi lɛ ateŋ nɔ ni ebaahala ni ekɛ tsu nii.

[He ni Sane lɛ Jɛ]

Photograph by Israel Museum, ©Israel Antiquities Authority