Mawu a Yehova Ndi Amoyo

Mfundo Zazikulu za M’buku la Deuteronomo

CHINALI chaka cha 1473 Kristu Asanabwere. Panali patatha zaka 40 kuchokera nthaŵi imene Yehova analanditsa ana a Israyeli ku ukapolo ku Igupto. Aisrayeli atatha zaka zimenezi m’chipululu, anali akadali mtundu wopanda dziko. Komabe mapeto ake, anafika m’malire a Dziko Lolonjezedwa. Kodi chinawachitikira n’chiyani potenga dzikolo? Kodi anakumana ndi mavuto otani, nanga anathana nawo bwanji?

Aisrayeli asanawoloke mtsinje wa Yordano kuloŵa m’dziko la Kanani, Mose anawakonzekeretsa ntchito yaikulu imene inali patsogolo pawo. Kodi anachita bwanji zimenezi? Anachititsa misonkhano ingapo imene analankhula zowalimbikitsa, zowalangiza, ndiponso zowachenjeza. Iye anawakumbutsa Aisrayeli kuti Yehova Mulungu ndi woyenera kuti tizimulambira iye yekha basi ndiponso kuti iwo sayenera kutsatira zochita za anthu amitundu yomwe anali nayo pafupi. Zimene anawalankhula pamisonkhano imeneyi n’zimene kwenikweni zili m’buku la m’Baibulo la Deuteronomo. Ndipo zimene anawalangiza pa misonkhanoyo n’zimenenso ife tikufunikira masiku ano, popeza nafenso tikukhala m’dziko limene n’zovuta kwambiri kulambira Yehova yekha.​—Ahebri 4:12.

Mose ndiye amene analemba buku lonse la Deuteronomo kupatulapo chaputala chomaliza cha bukuli, lomwe limafotokoza zimene zinachitika m’miyezi yongopitirira iŵiri.a (Deuteronomo 1:3; Yoswa 4:19) Tiyeni tione mmene malangizo a m’bukuli angatithandizire kukonda Yehova Mulungu ndi mtima wathu wonse ndiponso kum’tumikira mokhulupirika.

‘MUSAIŴALE ZINTHU ZIMENE MASO ANU ANAZIONA’

(Deuteronomo 1:1–4:49)

Pamsonkhano woyamba, Mose anafotokoza zina za zinthu zimene iwo anakumana nazo m’chipululu makamaka zimene zikanathandiza Aisrayeli pamene anali kukonzekera kulandira m’Dziko Lolonjezedwa. Nkhani yoika oweruza iyenera kuti inawakumbutsa kuti Yehova amalinganiza anthu ake mwanjira yoti anthuwo azisamalidwa mwachikondi. Mose ananenanso kuti lipoti loipa la azondi khumi linapangitsa kuti mbadwo wa m’mbuyomo usaloŵe m’dziko limene analonjezedwa. Taganizirani mmene chenjezoli linawakhudzira omvera a Mose pamene anali kuliona okha dzikolo.

Mosakayikira kukumbukira nkhondo zimene Yehova anawathandiza ana a Israyeli kupambana asanawoloke Yordano kunawalimbitsa mtima pamene anali kukonzekera kukayamba nkhondo kutsidya lina la mtsinjewo. Dziko limene anatsala pang’ono kuloŵa linali lopembedza mafano kwambiri. M’pake kuti Mose anawachenjeza mwamphamvu za kulambira mafano.

Kuyankha Mafunso a M’Malemba:

2:4-6, 9, 19, 24, 31-35; 3:1-6​—Kodi n’chifukwa chiyani Aisrayeli anapha anthu ena a kum’maŵa kwa Yordano n’kusiyako ena? Yehova anauza Israyeli kuti asamenyane ndi ana a Esau. N’chifukwa chiyani ananena choncho? Chifukwa chakuti anali mbadwa za mchimwene wake wa Yakobo. Aisrayeli sanayenere kuzunza kapena kumenyana ndi Amoabu ndi Aamoni, chifukwa chakuti anali mbadwa za Loti, yemwe anali mwana wa mchimwene wake wa Abrahamu. Komabe, Sihoni ndi Ogi, omwe anali mafumu a Aamori sanali pachibale ndi Aisrayeli ndipo pachifukwa chimenechi dziko limene ankalamulira silinali lawo. N’chifukwa chake, Sihoni atakaniza Aisrayeli kudutsa m’dziko lake ndipo Ogi atamenya nawo nkhondo, Yehova anauza Aisrayeli kuwononga midzi yawoyo, osasiya ndi munthu mmodzi yemwe.

4:15-20, 23, 24​—Kodi kuletsa kupanga mafano osema kukutanthauza kuti n’kulakwa kupanga chifanizo cha zinthu zina n’cholinga chokongoletsera malo? Ayi sichoncho. Nkhani imene ankaletsa apa inali yopanga chifanizo n’cholinga choti azichilambira, ankaletsa ‘kugwadira mafano ndi kuwatumikira.’ Malemba saletsa kusema ziboliboli kapena kujambula zinthu n’cholinga chokongoletsera malo.​—1 Mafumu 7:18, 25.

Zimene Tikuphunzirapo:

1:2, 19. Ana a Israyeli anayenda m’chipululu zaka pafupifupi 38, ngakhale kuti ‘ulendo wochoka ku Horebe [chigawo cha mapiri cha ku phiri la Sinai kumene analandirira Malamulo Khumi] kukafika ku Kadesi Barinea, kudzera njira ya ku phiri la Seiri, unali wa masiku khumi ndi limodzi’ okha basi. Koma ndiye anakhaulatu chifukwa chosamvera Yehova Mulungu.​—Numeri 14:26-34.

1:16, 17. Njira imene Mulungu amaweruzira anthu ndi yomweyo masiku ano. Anthu amene amakhala m’komiti ya chiweruzo sayenera kuŵeruza mokondera kapena moopa anthu.

4:9. Kuti zinthu ziwayendere bwino, Aisrayeli anafunika ‘kusaiŵala zinthu zimene maso awo anaziona.’ Pamene dziko latsopano likuyandikira, n’kofunika kuti nafenso tiziganizira zochita zodabwitsa za Yehova mwa kuphunzira mwakhama Mawu ake.

KONDANI YEHOVA, NDI KUMVERA MALAMULO AKE

(Deuteronomo 5:1–26:19)

Pamsonkhano wachiŵiri, Mose ananena za kupatsidwa Chilamulo pa phiri la Sinai ndiponso anabwereza Malamulo Khumi. Anatchula mosabisa mitundu isanu ndi iŵiri yofunika kuifafaniziratu. Ana a Israyeli anakumbutsidwa phunziro lofunika limene anaphunzira m’chipululu, lakuti: “Munthu sakhala wamoyo ndi mkate wokha, koma munthu akhala wamoyo ndi zonse zakutuluka mkamwa mwa Yehova.” Pamoyo wawo watsopanowu, anayenera ‘kusunga malamulo onse.’​—Deuteronomo 8:3; 11:8.

Aisrayeli atayamba kukhazikika m’dziko limene analonjezedwa, anafunika malamulo osati okhudza kulambira kokha ayi koma okhudzanso kuweruza, boma, nkhondo, komanso a moyo watsiku ndi tsiku wa anthu onse, ndiponso wa munthu aliyense payekha. Mose anabwereza malamulo ameneŵa ndipo ananena motsindika za kufunika kokonda Yehova ndi kumvera malamulo ake.

Kuyankha Mafunso a M’Malemba:

8:3, 4​—Kodi zinatheka bwanji kuti zovala za Aisrayeli zisathe ndiponso kuti mapazi awo asatupe paulendo wa m’chipululu? Zimenezi zinali zozizwitsa, monga mmene analili mana amene ankalandira nthaŵi zonse. Aisrayeli ankavala zovala ndi nsapato zomwezo zimene anali nazo pamene ankayamba ulendo wawo. Zikuoneka kuti ana akamakula ndiponso achikulire akamwalira ankapatsa ena zinthuzi. Popeza kuti kalembera amene anachitika pachiyambi ndiponso pamapeto paulendo wa m’chipululu anasonyeza kuti chiŵerengero cha Aisrayeli sichinawonjezeke, zovala ndi nsapato zimene anali nazo poyambazo zinali zowakwanira.​—Numeri 2:32; 26:51.

14:21​—N’chifukwa chiyani ngakhale kuti Aisrayeli sankadya nyama imene yafa yosazinga iwo ankapatsa kapena kugulitsa nyamayo kwa mlendo? M’Baibulo, mawu akuti “mlendo” angatanthauze munthu wolowa Chiyuda amene sanali Mwisrayeli kapena munthu amene anali kukhala naye m’dzikolo n’kumatsatira malamulo akuluakulu a dzikolo koma amene sanali kulambira Yehova. Mlendo amene sanaloŵe Chiyuda sankatsatira Chilamulo ndipo ankatha kugwiritsa ntchito m’njira zambiri nyama zimene zafa zosazinga. Aisrayeli ankaloledwa kupatsa kapena kugulitsa nyama yoteroyo kwa anthu ameneŵa. Komabe, munthu woloŵa Chiyuda ankatsatira pangano la Chilamulo. Choncho ankaletsedwa kudya mwazi wa nyama monga pamanenera pa Levitiko 17:10.

24:6​—Kodi n’chifukwa chiyani kulanda “mphero, ngakhale mwanamphero” monga chikole kunali kofanana ndi kulanda “moyo wa munthu”? Mphero ndi mwanamphero wake zinkaimira “moyo wa munthu,” kapena njira imene ankapezera chakudya chomwe n’chofunikira kuti munthu akhale ndi moyo. Kulanda chimodzi mwa zinthu zimenezi kukanapangitsa banja lonse kusoŵa chakudya chatsiku ndi tsiku.

25:9​—Kodi kumuvula nsapato ndi kumulavulira malovu pankhope mwamuna amene wakana ukwati wapachilamu kunkatanthauza chiyani? Malinga ndi ‘kale m’Israyeli pakuwombola . . . , munthu ankavula nsapato yake, naipereka kwa mnansi wake.’ (Rute 4:7) Choncho, kumuvula nsapato munthu amene wakana ukwati wapachilamu unali umboni wakuti wakana udindo wobereka mwana wodzaloŵa dzina la mchimwene wake amene anamwalira. Zimenezi zinali zonyozetsa. (Deuteronomo 25:10) Anali kumulavulira malovu pankhope pomuchititsa manyazi.​—Numeri 12:14.

Zimene Tikuphunzirapo:

6:6-9. Monga mmene Aisrayeli anawalamulira kudziŵa Chilamulo, ifenso tiyenera kudziŵa malamulo a Mulungu, kumawakumbukira nthaŵi zonse, ndiponso kumawaphunzitsa ana athu. Tiyenera ‘kuwamanga padzanja pathu ngati chizindikiro’ kutanthauza kuti zochita zathu, zimene manja amaimira, zizisonyeza kuti timamvera Yehova. Ndipo monga ‘chapamphumi pakati pa maso athu,’ anthu azitha kuona kuti timamvera Mulungu.

6:16. Tisayerekeze kuyesa Yehova monga anamuyesera Aisrayeli ku Masa komwe anadandaula kuti kulibe madzi ndipo anatero chifukwa chosoŵa chikhulupiriro.​—Eksodo 17:1-7.

8:11-18. Kukonda chuma kungatiiŵalitse Yehova.

9:4-6. Tipeŵe kudziyesa olungama.

13:6. Tisalole aliyense kutisiyitsa kulambira Yehova.

14:1. Kudzichekacheka kumasonyeza kusalemekeza thupi, kungakhale kogwirizana ndi chipembedzo chonyenga, ndipo tiyenera kukupeŵa. (1 Mafumu 18:25-28) Chiyembekezo chathu chakuti akufa adzauka chimapangitsa zochitika zosonyeza kulira maliro monyanyira ngati kumeneku kukhala zosayenera.

20:5-7; 24:5. Muyenera kuganizira anthu amene akufunika chithandizo chapadera, ngakhale ngati ntchito imene mukugwira ili yofunika.

22:23-27. Kufuula ndi njira imodzi imene ingathandize kwambiri mkazi amene akufuna kugwiriridwa.

“SANKHANI MOYO”

(Deuteronomo 27:1–34:12)

Pamsonkhano wachitatu, Mose ananena kuti atawoloka Yordano, Aisrayeli ayenera kulemba Chilamulo pamiyala ikuluikulu ndiponso ananena matemberero amene angabwere chifukwa chosamvera ndi madalitso amene angabwere chifukwa chomvera. Pamsonkhano wachinayi anayamba ndi kubwereza pangano la Yehova ndi Israyeli. Mose anachenjezanso za kusamvera ndipo analimbikitsa anthu ‘kusankha moyo.’​—Deuteronomo 30:19.

Kuwonjezera pa zimene Mose anawauza pamisonkhano inayi ija, anafotokoza za kusintha kwa wotsogolera ndipo anaphunzitsa Aisrayeli nyimbo yabwino yotamanda Yehova komanso anawachenjeza za mavuto amene amabwera chifukwa cha kusakhulupirika. Mose atatha kudalitsa mafuko Aisrayeli, anafa ali ndi zaka 120 ndipo anaikidwa m’manda. Anthu anam’lira kwa masiku 30, omwe ndi pafupifupi theka la masiku amene zinthu zofotokozedwa m’buku la Deuteronomo zinachitika.

Kuyankha Mafunso a M’Malemba:

32:13, 14​—Popeza Aisrayeli ankawaletsa kudya mafuta aliwonse, kodi kudya “mafuta a ana a nkhosa” kukutanthauza chiyani? Mawuŵa pano ndi ophiphiritsira ndipo akutanthauza nkhosa zabwino koposa. Zili choncho chifukwa chakuti vesi lomweli likunena za “impso zonenepa za tirigu” ndi “mwazi wa mphesa.”

33:1-29​—Kodi n’chifukwa chiyani Mose sanam’tchule payekha Simeoni pamene anali kudalitsa ana a Israyeli? Chifukwa chakuti Simeoni komanso Levi anachita zinthu ‘mwankhalwe’ ndipo kukwiya kwawo kunali “koopsa.” (Genesis 34:13-31; 49:5-7) Choloŵa chawo sichinali chofanana ndi cha mafuko ena. Levi analandira midzi 48, ndipo gawo la Simeoni linali m’gawo la Yuda. (Yoswa 19:9; 21:41, 42) N’chifukwa chake Mose sanam’dalitse payekha Simeoni. Komabe pamene Israyeli yense ankadalitsidwa, Simeoni anaikidwa m’gulu lomwelo.

Zimene Tikuphunzirapo:

31:12. Ana ayenera kukhala pamodzi ndi akuluakulu pamisonkhano yampingo ndi kumamvetsera ndiponso n’kumaphunzira.

32:4. Zochita zonse za Yehova ndi zangwiro popeza kuti nthaŵi iliyonse akamasonyeza khalidwe monga chilungamo, nzeru, chikondi ndi mphamvu, amakhala akuganiziranso makhalidwe enawo.

Ndi Buku Lotithandiza Kwambiri

Buku la Deuteronomo limasonyeza kuti “Yehova ndiye mmodzi.” (Deuteronomo 6:4) Ndi buku lonena za anthu amene anali paubwenzi wapadera ndi Mulungu. Limachenjezanso kuti tisamapembedze mafano ndipo limanena motsindika za kufunika kolambira Mulungu woona yekha basi.

Ndithudi buku la Deuteronomo n’lotithandiza kwambiri. Ngakhale kuti sititsatira Chilamulo, Chilamulo chingatiphunzitse zambiri zimene zingatithandize ‘kukonda Yehova Mulungu wathu ndi mtima wathu wonse, ndi moyo wathu wonse, ndi mphamvu zanu zonse.’​—Deuteronomo 6:5.

[Mawu a M’munsi]

[Mapu patsamba 24]

(Onani m’magazini yeniyeni kuti mumvetse izi)

SEIRI

Kadesi Barinea

Phiri la Sinai (Horebu)

Nyanja Yofiira

[Mawu a Chithunzi]

Based on maps copyrighted by Pictorial Archive (Near Eastern History) Est. and Survey of Israel

[Chithunzi patsamba 24]

Zimene Mose analankhula pamisonkhano n’zimene kwenikweni zili m’buku la Deuteronomo

[Chithunzi patsamba 26]

Kodi timaphunzira chiyani pa zimene Yehova anachita popereka mana?

[Chithunzi patsamba 26]

Kulanda mphero, ngakhale mwanamphero wake monga chikole kunali kofanana ndi kulanda “moyo wa munthu”