Samalirani “Mpesa Uwu”!

AZONDI 12 anayenda mbali zosiyanasiyana za Dziko Lolonjezedwa. Mose anali atawauza kuti akaone mmene alili anthu okhala m’deralo ndi kubweretsa zina mwa zakudya zake. Kodi ndi zakudya ziti zimene azondiwo anachita nazo chidwi kwambiri? Kufupi ndi ku Hebroni, anapeza munda wa mpesa umene mphesa zake zinali zazikulu kwambiri moti panafunika azondi awiri kuti anyamulizane tsango limodzi lokha. Mphesa zake zinali zokongola kwambiri moti azondiwo anatcha malo achondewo kuti “chigwa cha Esikolo,” kapena kuti, “Tsango la Mphesa.”​—Numeri 13:21-24

M’zaka za m’ma 1800, mlendo wina amene anakacheza ku Palestina anati: “Ku Esikolo, kapena kuti chigwa cha Mphesa, . . . kukadali mipesa yambiri, ndipo mphesa zake ndi zabwino ndiponso zazikulu kwambiri ku Palestina konse.” Ngakhale kuti mipesa ya ku Esikolo ndiyo inali yabwino kwambiri, madera ambiri ku Palestina ankakhala ndi mphesa zabwino mu nthawi za m’Baibulo. Zolembedwa za ku Igupto zimasonyeza kuti Afarao ankaitanitsa vinyo kuchokera ku Kanani.

Buku lakuti The Natural History of the Bible, limafotokoza kuti: “Malo a m’mphepete mwa mapiri a miyala [a ku Palestina], ali ndi dothi lamchenga ndiponso ndi owala bwino. Amalandira kutentha kokwanira m’nyengo ya chilimwe, ndiponso madzi a mvula ya m’nyengo yachisanu amauma msanga. Zonsezi zimachititsa kuti mipesa izikula bwino m’malowa.” Yesaya anasonyeza kuti malo ena anali ndi mipesa yokwana chikwi.​—Yesaya 7:23.

‘Dziko la Mipesa’

Mose anauza mtundu wa Israyeli kuti udzakhala m’dziko la “mipesa, ndi mikuyu, ndi makangaza.” (Deuteronomo 8:8) Malinga ndi buku lonena za mitengo yotchulidwa m’Baibulo lakuti Baker Encyclopedia of Bible Plants, “mipesa inali yochuluka kwambiri m’dziko la Palestina lakale moti nthanga za mphesa zapezeka m’malo ambiri, ngati si onse, omwe akumbidwa.” Mipesa ya ku Dziko Lolonjezedwa inali yobereka kwambiri moti ngakhale m’chaka cha 607 B.C.E., magulu ankhondo a Nebukadinezara atagonjetsa Yuda, anthu omwe anatsala m’dzikolo ‘anasonkhanitsa vinyo ndi zipatso zamalimwe zambiri.’​—Yeremiya 40:12; 52:16.

Kuti apange vinyo wambiri, alimi a ku Israyeli anafunikira kusamalira bwino mipesa yawo. Buku la Yesaya limafotokoza momwe mlimi wa mpesa wa ku Israyeli ankalimira munda wa m’mphepete mwa phiri n’kuchotsa miyala yonse ikuluikulu, asanadzalemo “mpesa wosankhika.” Kenaka mwina ankamanga mpanda wamiyala, pogwiritsa ntchito miyala imene anachotsa m’munda ija. Mpanda umenewu unkateteza kuti ng’ombe zisapondeponde munda wake wampesawo komanso unkateteza mundawo ku nkhandwe, nguluwe, ndi akuba. Ankasemanso mopondera mphesa ndi kumanga nsanja yaing’ono imene inkakhala malo ozizirira bwino opumiramo nthawi yokolola, pamene mipesayo inkafunika kuiteteza kwambiri. Akagwira ntchito yokonzekera yonseyi, ankayembekezera kukolola mphesa zabwino zambiri.​—Yesaya 5:1, 2.a

Kuti adzakolole zambiri, mlimiyo nthawi ndi nthawi ankadulira mpesawo kuti udzabereke kwambiri ndipo ankalimira dothilo kuti achotse udzu, zitsamba, ndi minga. Ankathanso kuthirira munda wa mpesawo m’nyengo ya chilimwe ngati mvula yomwe inkagwa m’nyengo ya masika [m’miyezi ya March mpaka May] sinabweretse chinyezi chokwanira.​—Yesaya 5:6; 18:5; 27:2-4.

Nthawi yokolola mphesa kumapeto kwa chilimwe inali nthawi yosangalala kwambiri. (Yesaya 16:10) Masalmo atatu ali ndi timawu tapamwamba tomwe tili ndi mawu akuti “pa Gititi.” (Salmo 8, 81, ndi 84) Mawu osadziwika bwino tanthauzo lake amenewa, omwe ndi okhudzana ndi zoimbaimba, anamasuliridwa kuti “zopondera mphesa” m’Baibulo la Septuagint ndipo angasonyeze kuti Aisrayeli ankaimba masalmo amenewa panthawi yokolola mphesa. Ngakhale kuti mphesazo ntchito yake yaikulu inali kupangira vinyo, Aisrayeli ankadyanso mphesa zongokolola kumene kapena ankaziumitsa, zomwe kenaka ankatha kuphikira makeke.​—2 Samueli 6:19; 1 Mbiri 16:3.

Mpesa wa Israyeli

Baibulo maulendo angapo limafotokoza anthu a Mulungu monga mpesa. Ili ndi fanizo loyenerera tikaona momwe mipesa inalili yofunika kwa Aisrayeli. Mu Salmo 80, Asafu anayerekezera mtundu wa Israyeli ndi mpesa umene Yehova anadzala m’dziko la Kanani. Dzikolo linayeretsedwa kuti mpesa wa Israyeli umere n’kukula kukhala wolimba. Koma pamene zaka zinali kupita, mipanda yake yoti iuteteze inagwa. Mtunduwo sunadalirenso Yehova, ndipo anasiya kuuteteza. Mofanana ndi nguluwe yomwe imawononga munda wa mphesa, mitundu ya adani inakhala ikuwononga chuma cha Israyeli. Asafu anapemphera kuti Yehova athandize mtunduwo kuti ulemerero wake wakale ubwerenso. Iye anapempha kuti ‘zondani, [“samalirani,” NW] mpesa uwu.’​—Salmo 80:8-15.

Yesaya anayerekezera “banja la Israyeli” ndi munda wa mphesa umene pang’ono ndi pang’ono unabereka “mphesa zosadya,” kapena kuti, mphesa zowola. (Yesaya 5:2, 7) Mphesa zosadya zimakhala zazing’ono poyerekezera ndi mphesa zakudya ndipo zimakhala ndi mnofu wochepa kwambiri, popeza nthanga zake zimadzaza pafupifupi mphesa yonseyo. Mphesa zosadya sangapangire vinyo kapena kuzidya. Ichi n’chizindikiro chabwino cha mtundu wopandukawo, umene chipatso chake chinali kuphwanya malamulo m’malo mwa kuchita chilungamo. Kubereka chipatso chopanda ntchitoku silinali vuto la Mlimi wa mpesawo. Yehova anachita zonse zomwe akanatha kuti apangitse mtunduwo kukhala wobala zipatso. Iye anafunsa kuti: “Ndikanachitanso chiyani ndi munda wanga wamphesa, chimene sindinachite mmenemo”?​—Yesaya 5:4.

Popeza mpesa wa Israyeli unakhala wosabereka, Yehova anawachenjeza kuti adzagwetsa mpanda umene anamanga mozungulira anthu ake kuti uwateteze. Sadzaduliranso mpesa wake wophiphiritsira kapena kulimira dothi lake. Mvula ya m’nyengo ya masika yomwe zipatsozo zinkadalira sidzabwera, ndipo minga ndi udzu zidzamera m’munda wa mphesawo.​—Yesaya 5:5, 6.

Mose ananeneratu kuti mpatuko wa Aisrayeli udzachititsa ngakhale minda yawo yeniyeni ya mphesa kufota. Anati: “Mudzaoka m’minda yamphesa ndi kuilima, koma osamwa vinyo wake, kapena kutchera mphesa zake, popeza chitsenda [kapena kuti, mbozi] chidzaidya.” (Deuteronomo 28:39) Mpesa ukhoza kufota m’masiku ochepa ngati mbozi yalowa m’tsinde lake n’kudya mtima wake.​—Yesaya 24:7.

“Mpesa Weniweni”

Monga momwe Yehova anayerekezera mtundu wa Israyeli ndi mpesa, Yesu anagwiritsanso ntchito fanizo lofananalo. Madzulo a tsiku lomaliza limene Yesu anakhala ndi ophunzira ake, anauza ophunzirawo kuti: “Ine ndine mpesa weniweni, ndipo Atate wanga ndiye wam’munda.” (Yohane 15:1) Yesu anayerekezera ophunzira ake ndi nthambi za mpesawo. Monga momwe nthambi za mpesa weniweni zimapezera mphamvu zake ku tsinde, choncho ophunzira a Kristu ayenera kukhalabe mwa iye. Yesu anati: “Kopanda Ine simungathe kuchita kanthu.” (Yohane 15:5) Alimi amalima mpesa kuti apeze zipatso zake, ndipo Yehova amayembekezera anthu ake kubala zipatso zauzimu. Zimenezi zimakhutiritsa ndi kulemekeza Mulungu, Mlimi wa mpesawo.​—Yohane 15:8.

Kuti mpesa weniweni ubereke umafunika kudulira ndi kusadzira, kapena kuti kuuyeretsa, ndipo Yesu anatchula ntchito ziwiri zonsezi. Mlimi wa mpesa akhoza kudulira mpesawo kawiri pachaka kuti apeze zipatso zambiri. M’miyezi yachisanu, mpesawo akhoza kuudulira kwambiri. Mlimiyo amachotsa nthambi zambiri za chaka chatha. Mwina amasiya nthambi zikuluzikulu zitatu kapena zinayi pa mtengo umodzi, ndipo nthambi iliyonse imakhala ndi kamwana kamodzi kapena tiwiri. Tiana tating’onoti, tomwe timakhala tofanana ndi ta chaka chatha, timasanduka nthambi zobereka zipatso m’chilimwe chotsatira. Kenaka, akamaliza kudulira, mlimiyo amawotcha nthambi zomwe wadulazo.

Yesu anafotokoza kudulira nthambi zambiri kumeneku motere: “Ngati wina sakhala mwa Ine, watayika kunja monga nthambi, nafota; ndipo azisonkhanitsa nazitaya kumoto, nazitentha.” (Yohane 15:6) Ngakhale kuti mpesawo panthawi imeneyi umaoneka wopanda nthambi, amadzauduliranso m’nyengo ya masika.

Yesu anati: “Nthambi iliyonse ya mwa Ine yosabala chipatso, aichotsa.” (Yohane 15:2) Apa mwina anali kunena za kudulira kumene kumadzachitika patsogolo, mpesawo ukaphukira kwambiri ndipo masango ang’onoang’ono a mphesa akayamba kuoneka bwinobwino. Mlimiyo amayang’anitsitsa nthambi iliyonse yatsopano kuti aone imene ikubereka ndi imene ili yosabereka. Nthambi zosaberekazo akazisiyabe pa mpesawo, zizitengabe chakudya ndi madzi ku tsindelo. Choncho mlimiyo amadula nthambi zosaberekazi kuti chakudya cha mpesawo chizipita ku nthambi zobereka zokha.

Kenaka Yesu anatchula za ntchito yosadzira. Iye anati: “Iliyonse yakubala chipatso, aisadza, kuti ikabale chipatso chochuluka.” (Yohane 15:2) Akachotsa nthambi zosabereka, mlimiyo amayang’ana bwinobwino nthambi iliyonse yomwe ili ndi zipatso. Chakutsinde kwa nthambi yoberekayo, nthawi zonse amapezako tiana tatsopano tomwe timafunikanso kutichotsa. Akatisiya kuti tikule, tingayambe kuyamwa madzi a mpesawo amene akanadzakhala madzi ofunikira kwambiri a mphesazo. Akhozanso kuchotsa masamba ena akuluakulu kuti kuwala kuzifika bwino pa mphesa zing’onozing’onozo. Zonsezi ndi ntchito zofunika zomwe amagwira kuti nthambizo zibereke zipatso zochuluka.

“Mubale Chipatso Chambiri”

Nthambi zophiphiritsira za “mpesa weniweni” zikuimira Akristu odzozedwa. Komabe, a “nkhosa zina” nawonso ayenera kusonyeza kuti ndi ophunzira a Kristu obala zipatso. (Yohane 10:16) Nawonso akhoza kubala “chipatso chambiri” n’kubweretsa ulemerero kwa Atate wawo wakumwamba. (Yohane 15:5, 8) Fanizo la Yesu la mpesa weniweni limatikumbutsa kuti, kuti tidzapulumuke timadalira pa kukhalabe mwa Kristu ndi kubereka zipatso zabwino zauzimu. Yesu anati: “Ngati musunga malamulo anga mudzakhala m’chikondi changa; monga Ine ndasunga malamulo a Atate wanga, ndipo ndikhala m’chikondi chake.”​—Yohane 15:10.

M’masiku a Zekariya, Mulungu analonjeza anthu okhulupirika amene anatsala mu Israyeli kuti dzikolo lidzakhalanso ndi “mbewu ya mtendere; mpesa udzapatsa zipatso zake, ndi nthaka idzapatsa zobala zake.” (Zekariya 8:12) Mpesa umagwiritsidwanso ntchito pofotokoza mtendere umene anthu a Mulungu adzakhale nawo pa nthawi ya Ulamuliro wa Zaka 1,000 wa Kristu. Mika ananeneratu kuti: “Adzakhala munthu yense patsinde pa mpesa wake, ndi patsinde pa mkuyu wake; ndipo sipadzakhala wakuwaopsa; pakuti pakamwa pa Yehova wa makamu padanena.”​—Mika 4:4.

[Mawu a M’munsi]

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Mpesa wongofota kumene

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Kudulira kwa m’nyengo yachisanu

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Kutentha nthambi zodulidwa