“Phunzirani kwa Ine”
“Senzani goli langa, ndipo phunzirani kwa Ine; chifukwa ndili wofatsa ndi wodzichepetsa mtima: ndipo mudzapeza mpumulo wa miyoyo yanu.”—MATEYU 11:29.
1. N’chifukwa chiyani kuphunzira kwa Yesu kungakhale kosangalatsa ndiponso kopindulitsa?
YESU KRISTU nthaŵi zonse ankaganiza, kuphunzitsa ndi kuchita zinthu moyenera. Nthaŵi imene anakhala padziko lapansi inali yaifupi. Komabe anali ndi ntchito yopindulitsa ndiponso yokhutiritsa, ndipo anali wachimwemwe nthaŵi zonse. Anasonkhanitsa ophunzira ndipo anawaphunzitsa mmene angalambirire Mulungu, kukonda anthu, ndi kugonjetsa dziko lapansi. (Yohane 16:33) Anawathandiza kukhala ndi chiyembekezo ndipo “[a]naonetsera poyera moyo ndi chosavunda mwa Uthenga Wabwino.” (2 Timoteo 1:10) Ngati inunso ndinu wophunzira wake, kodi mukuganiza kuti kukhala wophunzira kumatanthauzanji? Mwa kupenda zimene Yesu ananena zokhudza ophunzira, tingaphunzire mmene tingapindulire. Zimenezo zimafuna kutsatira maganizo ake ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mfundo zina zazikulu zachikhalidwe.—Mateyu 10:24, 25; Luka 14:26, 27; Yohane 8:31, 32; 13:35; 15:8.
2, 3. (a) Kodi kukhala wophunzira wa Yesu n’kutani? (b) N’chifukwa chiyani n’kofunika kudzifunsa kuti, ‘Kodi ndine wophunzira wa ndani?’
2 M’Malemba Achigiriki Achikristu, liwu limene analimasulira kuti “wophunzira” limatanthauza munthu amene amaika maganizo ake pa chinachake, kapena munthu amene amaphunzira. Liwu longa limenelo lili mu lemba limene latsogolera nkhani ino la Mateyu 11:29 limene likuti: ‘Senzani goli langa, ndipo phunzirani kwa Ine; chifukwa ndili wofatsa ndi wodzichepetsa mtima: ndipo mudzapeza mpumulo wa miyoyo yanu.’ Inde, wophunzira ndi munthu amene akuphunzira chinachake. Nthaŵi zambiri, Mauthenga Abwino amagwiritsa ntchito liwu lakuti “wophunzira” kunena za otsatira apamtima a Yesu amene ankayenda naye limodzi polalikira ndiponso amene anali kuwalangiza. Ena ayenera kuti anangovomereza zimene Yesu ankaphunzitsa, ndipo mwina ankachita zimenezo mwam’seri. (Luka 6:17; Yohane 19:38) Olemba Mauthenga Abwino ananenanso za “ophunzira a Yohane [Mbatizi], ndi ophunzira a Afarisi.” (Marko 2:18) Popeza Yesu anachenjeza om’tsatira kuti ‘apeŵe chiphunzitso cha Afarisi,’ tingadzifunse kuti, ‘Kodi ndine wophunzira wa ndani?’—Mateyu 16:12.
3 Ngati ndife ophunzira a Yesu ndipo ngati taphunzira kwa iye, ndiye kuti ena ayenera kuona kuti timawatsitsimula mwauzimu tikakhala nawo. Aone kuti tsopano ndife ofatsa ndi odzichepetsa mtima. Ngati tili ndi udindo woyang’anira anthu ena kuntchito, kapena ngati ndife kholo, kapenanso ngati tili ndi udindo wosamala nkhosa mumpingo wachikristu, kodi amene tikuwayang’anirawo amaona kuti tikuwachitira zinthu monga mmene Yesu ankachitira ndi anthu amene anali kuwayang’anira?
Mmene Yesu Ankachitira ndi Anthu
4, 5. (a) N’chifukwa chiyani n’kosavuta kudziŵa mmene Yesu anachitira ndi anthu amene anali kuvutika? (b) Kodi n’chiyani chinachitika pamene Yesu anali kudya m’nyumba ya Mfarisi?
4 Tifunika kudziŵa mmene Yesu ankachitira ndi anthu, makamaka amene anali ndi mavuto aakulu. Zimenezo n’zosavuta kuziphunzira chifukwa Baibulo lili ndi nkhani zambiri zosimba mmene Yesu ankachitira ndi anthu omwe anali kuvutika. Tiyeni tionenso mmene atsogoleri achipembedzo, makamaka Afarisi, ankachitira ndi anthu amene analinso ndi mavuto ngati omwewo. Kusiyana kwa Yesu ndi Afarisi kutitsegula m’maso.
5 M’chaka cha 31 C.E., pamene Yesu anali kulalikira m’Galileya, “mmodzi wa Afarisi anamuitana [Yesu] kuti akadye naye.” Yesu anavomera. “Ndipo analoŵa m’nyumba ya Mfarisi, naseama pachakudya. Ndipo onani, mkazi wochimwa, amene anali m’mudzimo; ndipo pakudziŵa kuti Yesu analikuseama pachakudya m’nyumba ya Mfarisi, anatenga nsupa ya alabastero ya mafuta onunkhira bwino, naimirira kumbuyo, pa mapazi ake, nalira, nayamba kukhathamiza mapazi ake ndi misozi, nawapukuta ndi tsitsi la mutu wake, nampsompsonetsa mapazi ake, nawadzoza ndi mafuta onunkhira bwino.”—Luka 7:36-38.
6. N’chifukwa chiti chimene chiyenera kuti chinam’pangitsa mkazi yemwe anali “wochimwa” kupezeka kunyumba ya Mfarisi?
6 Kodi mungayerekezere m’maganizo zimenezo? Buku lina la maumboni limati: “Mkaziyu (v.37) anapezerapo mwayi pa miyambo imene inalipo yomwe inkaloleza anthu osoŵa kupita nawo ku phwando ngati limeneli kuti akatole nawo makombo.” Zimenezi zingafotokoze chifukwa chake ena ankatha kuloŵa asanaitanidwe pa phwandolo. Ayenera kuti analipo ena amene ankafuna kukatola makombo phwando likatha. Komabe, khalidwe la mkaziyu linali lachilendo. Iye sanaime kaye kuti adikire mpaka phwandolo lithe. Anali ndi mbiri yoipa monga “wochimwa” amene anali kudziŵika kwambiri motero kuti Yesu anati ankadziŵa kuti “machimo ake, [anali] ambiri.”—Luka 7:47.
7, 8. (a) Kodi tikanatani ngati zimene zili pa Luka 7:36-38 zikanatichitikira ifeyo? (b) Kodi Simoni anachita bwanji?
7 Tayerekezani kuti inuyo munalipo nthaŵi imeneyo ndipo munali Yesu. Kodi mukanatani? Kodi mukanaipidwa poona mkaziyu akufika kwa inu? Kodi zimene zinachitikazi zikanakukhudzani bwanji? (Luka 7:45) Kodi zikanakunyansani?
8 Ngati mukanakhala mmodzi mwa alendo amene anaitanidwa, kodi mukanaganiza monga mmene anachitira Simoni, Mfarisi uja? “Koma Mfarisi, amene adamuitana [Yesu], pakuona, ananena mwa yekha, nati, Akadakhala mneneri uyu akadazindikira ali yani, ndi wotani mkaziyo wom’khudza Iye, chifukwa ali wochimwa.” (Luka 7:39) Mosiyana ndi Mfarisiyu, Yesu anali munthu wachifundo chachikulu. Anadziŵa vuto la mkaziyo ndipo anazindikira kuvutika kwake maganizo. Malemba sakutifotokozera kuti mkaziyo anatani kuti akhale wochimwa. Ngati analidi hule, ndiye kuti mwachionekere amuna a m’mudzimo omwe anali Ayuda odzipatulira, sanamuthandize.
9. Kodi Yesu anachita motani, ndipo zotsatira zake ziyenera kuti zinali zotani?
9 Koma Yesu anafuna kumuthandiza mkaziyo. Anamuuza kuti: “Machimo ako akhululukidwa.” Ndiyeno anapitiriza kuti: “Chikhulupiriro chako chakupulumutsa iwe; muka ndi mtendere.” (Luka 7:48-50) Nkhaniyo imathera pamenepa. Munthu wina anganene kuti Yesu sanamuthandize kwambiri mkaziyo. Komatu, anamuuza kuti azipita atam’patsa madalitso. Kodi mukuganiza kuti mwina anayambiranso kuchita khalidwe lake lomvetsa chisoni lija? Ngakhale kuti sitinganene motsimikiza, taonani zimene Luka kenako ananena. Anasimba kuti Yesu anayendayenda “kumizinda ndi kumidzi, kulalikira ndi kuwauza Uthenga Wabwino wa Ufumu.” Luka ananenanso kuti “akazi ena” anali ndi Yesu ndi ophunzira ake ndipo “anawatumikira ndi chuma chawo [akaziwo].” N’zotheka kuti mkazi wolapa ndi woyamikira ameneyo anali nawo m’gululo. Ayenera kuti anayamba kuchita zimene zimasangalatsa Mulungu ali ndi chikumbumtima choyera, cholinga chatsopano m’moyo wake ndi kukonda kwambiri Mulungu.—Luka 8:1-3.
Kusiyana kwa Yesu ndi Afarisi
10. N’chifukwa chiyani kuli kopindulitsa kupenda nkhani ya Yesu ndi mkazi amene anakumana naye kunyumba ya Simoni?
10 Kodi tingaphunzire chiyani pa nkhani yomveka bwino imeneyi? Kodi siinatikhudze mtima? Tayerekezerani kuti munalimo m’nyumba ya Simoni. Kodi mukanamva bwanji? Kodi mukanachita monga mmene anachitira Yesu, kapena pang’ono pokha mukanaganiza monga Mfarisi amene anaitana Yesu uja? Yesu anali Mwana wa Mulungu, motero sitingaganize ndi kuchita mofanana ndendende ndi mmene iye anachitira. Komabe, sitingafune kukhala ngati Simoni, Mfarisi uja. Ndi ochepa okha amene angakonde kukhala ngati Afarisi.
11. N’chifukwa chiyani sitingafune kufanana ndi Afarisi?
11 Poona maumboni a m’Baibulo ndiponso a m’mabuku omwe si ofotokoza za Baibulo, tinganene kuti Afarisi ankadziona ngati apamwamba monga osamalira nkhani za kupita patsogolo kwa anthu onse ndiponso ubwino wa mtunduwo. Sanali kukhutira kuti Chilamulo cha Mulungu chinali chomveka bwino ndiponso chosavuta kumvetsa. Ankati akaona ngati Chilamulo sichinafotokoze mwachindunji, ankawonjezera tanthauzo lawolawo ku Chilamulocho kuti asapereke mpata woti munthu agwiritse ntchito chikumbumtima. Atsogoleri a chipembedzo ameneŵa ankayesetsa kupanga malamulo a makhalidwe pa nkhani iliyonse ngakhale zazing’ono kwambiri.a
12. Kodi Afarisi ankadziona ngati anali anthu otani?
12 Josephus, wolemba mbiri wachiyuda wa m’zaka za zana loyamba, anati Afarisi ankadziona kuti ndi anthu okoma mtima, ofatsa, opanda tsankhu ndiponso oyenerera ntchito yawo. Mosakayika, Afarisi ena anayesera kukhaladi otero. Mwina mungakumbukire Nikodemo. (Yohane 3:1, 2; 7:50, 51) M’kupita kwa nthaŵi, ena mwa iwo anayamba kutsatira njira yachikristu. (Machitidwe 15:5) Mtumwi wachikristu Paulo analemba za Ayuda ena, monga Afarisi kuti: “Ali ndi changu cha kwa Mulungu, koma si monga mwa chidziŵitso.” (Aroma 10:2) Komabe, Mauthenga Abwino amafotokoza khalidwe la Afarisi malinga ndi mmene anthu wamba anali kuwaonera. Anali onyada, amwano, odziona ngati olungama, opezera zifukwa anzawo, oweruza ndi opeputsa anthu ena.
Maganizo a Yesu
13. Kodi Yesu anati Afarisi anali otani?
13 Yesu anawanena alembi ndi Afarisi kuti anali achinyengo. “Inde, amanga akatundu olemera ndi osautsa ponyamula, nawasenza pamapewa a anthu; koma iwo eni okha safuna kuwasuntha amenewo ndi chala chawo.” Inde, katunduyo analidi wolemera, ndipo goli limene anasenzetsa anthu linali loŵaŵa. Yesu anapitiriza kunena kuti alembi ndi Afarisi anali “opusa.” Wopusa ndi munthu wosafunika pakati pa anthu. Yesu anatinso alembi ndi Afarisi anali “atsogoleri akhungu” ndipo anati ‘anasiya zolemera za chilamulo, ndizo kuweruza kolungama, ndi kuchitira chifundo, ndi chikhulupiriro.’ Ndani angafune kuti Yesu azimuona ngati Mfarisi?—Mateyu 23:1-4, 16, 17, 23.
14, 15. (a) Kodi mmene Yesu anachitira ndi Mateyu Levi zikuvumbula chiyani za khalidwe la Afarisi? (b) Kodi ndi phunziro lofunika liti limene tingatenge pa nkhani imeneyi?
14 Pafupifupi munthu aliyense amene amaŵerenga Mauthenga Abwino angaone khalidwe loipa la Afarisi ambiri. Yesu ataitana Mateyu Levi, wokhometsa msonkho, kuti akhale wophunzira, Levi anakonzera Yesu phwando lalikulu lomulandira. Nkhaniyo imati: “Ndipo Afarisi ndi alembi awo anang’ung’udza kwa ophunzira ake, nanena kuti, Bwanji inu mukudya ndi kumwa pamodzi ndi anthu amisonkho ndi ochimwa? Ndipo Yesu anayankha, nati kwa iwo, . . . Sindinadza Ine kuitana olungama, koma ochimwa kuti atembenuke mtima.”—Luka 5:27-32.
15 Levi mwiniyo anazindikira kanthu kena kamene Yesu ananena tsiku limenelo. Yesu anati: “Koma mukani muphunzire n’chiyani ichi, Ndifuna chifundo, si nsembe ayi.” (Mateyu 9:13) Ngakhale Afarisi ankanena kuti anali kukhulupirira zimene aneneri a Chihebri analemba, sankavomereza mawu ameneŵa amene ali pa Hoseya 6:6. Iwo anali kuonetsetsa kuti ngati kuli kuchimwa, asachimwe chifukwa choti alephera kumvera mwambo koma chifukwa choti sanasonyeze chifundo. Tingadzifunse kuti, ‘Kodi ndili ndi mbiri ya kuumirira malamulo ena ake, monga okhudza kuti munthu payekha aganize kapena nkhani zoti munthu asankhe zochita yekha? Kapena kodi ena choyamba akangondiona amaganizira zoti ndine wachifundo ndiponso wokoma mtima kwambiri?’
16. Kodi Afarisi anali ndi khalidwe lotani ndipo tingatani kuti tisafanane nawo?
16 Afarisi ankadzudzula nthaŵi zonse ngakhale pa nkhani zing’onozing’ono. Iwo ankafufuza zolakwa zilizonse kaya zikhale kuti munthuyo walakwadi kapena akungomuganizira. Amawachititsa anthu kukhala tcheru nthaŵi zonse ndi kuwakumbutsa zolakwa zawo. Afarisi anali kudzitama pa kupereka chakhumi cha timbewu tating’ono kwambiri monga timbewu tonunkhira, katsabola ndi chitowe. Ankadzionetsera monga anthu opembedza kwambiri mwa kavalidwe kawo ndipo ankatsogolera mtunduwo. Ndithudi, kuti titsanzire chitsanzo cha Yesu, tiyenera kupeŵa khalidwe lokonda kufufuza ndi kunena zolakwa za ena nthaŵi zonse.
Kodi Yesu Ankatani Pakakhala Mavuto?
17-19. (a) Fotokozani mmene Yesu anachitira pa chochitika china chovuta chimene chikanatha kukhala ndi zotsatirapo zoopsa. (b) Kodi n’chiyani chinachititsa nkhaniyi kukhala yodetsa nkhaŵa ndiponso yosasangalatsa? (c) Mukanakhala kuti munalipo pamene mkaziyu ankafika kwa Yesu, kodi mukanatani?
17 Mmene Yesu ankachitira pakakhala mavuto zinali zosiyana kwambiri ndi mmene ankachitira Afarisi. Taganizani mmene Yesu anachitira pa nkhani ina imene ikanakhala yoopsa kwambiri. Nkhani yake ndi ya mkazi wina amene anali ndi nthenda ya kukha mwazi kwa zaka 12. Mutha kuŵerenga nkhaniyo pa Luka 8:42-48.
18 M’buku la Marko nkhaniyi imati mkaziyo “anachita mantha, ndi kunthunthumira.” (Marko 5:33) Anachita zimenezi chifukwa chiyani? Mosakayika, anatero chifukwa chakuti ankadziŵa kuti waswa Lamulo la Mulungu. Malinga ndi Levitiko 15:25-28, mkazi amene anali kukha mwazi kosakhala kwachibadwa anali wodetsedwa mpaka kukha mwaziko kutatha n’kuwonjezeraponso mlungu umodzi. Chinthu chilichonse ndiponso munthu aliyense amene iye anamukhudza anali wodetsedwa. Kuti akafike pamene panali Yesu, mkaziyu anavutika kuti adutse m’chikhamu cha anthu. Tikamaganiza za nkhani imeneyi pambuyo pa zaka 2,000, timamumvera chisoni mkaziyu chifukwa cha kuvutika kwake.
19 Mukanakhala kuti munalipo nthaŵi imeneyo, kodi mukanaiona bwanji nkhaniyi? Mukanati chiyani? Onani kuti Yesu anamuthandiza mkaziyu mokoma mtima, mwachikondi ndiponso momuganizira, osatchula n’komwe vuto lililonse limene mkaziyu ayenera kuti analiyambitsa.—Marko 5:34.
20. Kukanakhala kuti Akristu anafunika kutsatira lamulo la pa Levitiko 15:25-28, kodi tikanakumana ndi vuto lotani?
20 Kodi tingaphunzire kenakake pa chochitika chimenechi? Tiyerekeze kuti ndinu mkulu mu mpingo wachikristu lerolino. Ndipo tiyerekezenso kuti Akristu anafunika kutsatira lamulo la pa Levitiko 15:25-28 ndi kutinso mkazi wachikristu waswa lamulo limenelo, mtima wake suli m’malo ndipo akusoŵa thandizo. Kodi mukanatani? Kodi mukanamuchititsa manyazi mwa kum’dzudzula pa gulu? Mwina mukuti: “Ayi ndithu. Sindikanachita zimenezo! Potsatira chitsanzo cha Yesu, ndikanayesetsa kumukomera mtima, kum’sonyeza chikondi ndi kumuganizira.” Mwanena bwinotu pamenepo. Komabe, nkhani yagona pa kuchitadi zimenezo, kutsanzira zimene Yesu anachita.
21. Kodi Yesu anaphunzitsa anthu chiyani za Chilamulo?
21 Kwenikweni, anthu anaona kuti Yesu anawapatsa mpumulo, kuwatsitsimula mwauzimu ndi kuwalimbikitsa. Pamene Chilamulo cha Mulungu chinanena mwatchutchutchu, chinkatanthauzadi zimenezo. Ngati sichinafotokoze mwatchutchutchu, anthu akanagwiritsa ntchito chikumbumtima chawo ndipo akanasonyeza kukonda kwawo Mulungu pa zimene akanasankha kuchita. Chilamulo chinkapereka mpata wochitsatira mogwirizana ndi kusintha kwa zinthu. (Marko 2:27, 28) Mulungu ankakonda anthu ake, kuwachitira zabwino, ndipo ankafunitsitsa kuwasonyeza chifundo akalakwitsa. Yesu anachitanso chimodzimodzi.—Yohane 14:9.
Zotsatira za Zimene Yesu Anaphunzitsa
22. Kodi kuphunzira za Yesu kunawathandiza ophunzira ake kukhala ndi maganizo otani?
22 Anthu amene anamvera Yesu ndi kukhala ophunzira ake anazindikira kuti zimene iye ananena zoti “goli langa lili lofeŵa, ndi katundu wanga ali wopepuka,” zinalidi zoona. (Mateyu 11:30) Sanaone kuti anawalemetsa, kuwakhumudwitsa, kapena kuwaumiriza. Anali omasuka, achimwemwe, ndipo anali ndi chidaliro pa ubale wawo ndi Mulungu ndiponso ubale wawo wina ndi mnzake. (Mateyu 7:1-5; Luka 9:49, 50) Anaphunzira kwa iye kuti kukhala m’tsogoleri wauzimu kumafuna kukhala wotsitsimula ena ndi kusonyeza kudzichepetsa.—1 Akorinto 16:17, 18; Afilipi 2:3.
23. Kodi kukhala ndi Yesu kunathandiza ophunzirawo kutenga phunziro lofunika liti ndipo zinawathandiza kufika pozindikira chiyani?
23 Ndiponso, ambiri anachita chidwi kwambiri ndi kufunika kotsatira Kristu ndi kutengera mtima umene iye anasonyeza. Yesu anauza ophunzira ake kuti: “Monga momwe Atate wandikonda Ine, Inenso ndakonda inu; khalani m’chikondi changa. Ngati musunga malamulo anga mudzakhala m’chikondi changa; monga Ine ndasunga malamulo a Atate wanga, ndipo ndikhala m’chikondi chake.” (Yohane 15:9, 10) Kuti ziwayendere bwino monga atumiki a Mulungu, anafunika kutsatira mwakhama zimene anaphunzira kwa Yesu. Anafunika kuchita zimenezi polalikira ndi kuphunzitsa poyera za uthenga wabwino wa Mulungu ndiponso mmene amachitira ndi banja lawo kapena anzawo. Pamene ubalewo unali kukula mpaka kukhazikitsa mipingo, anafunika kumakumbutsana nthaŵi zonse kuti njira ya Yesu ndiyo yabwino. Zimene iye anaphunzitsa zinali zoona ndipo moyo umene anauonetsera kwa ophunzirawo unalidi wofunika kuutsanzira.—Yohane 14:6; Aefeso 4:20, 21.
24. Kodi ndi zinthu ziti zimene tiyenera kuzidziŵa kuchokera m’chitsanzo cha Yesu?
24 Pamene mukusinkhasinkha zinthu zina zimene takambirana, kodi mukuona mmene mungawongolere mbali zina? Kodi mukuvomereza kuti nthaŵi zonse Yesu ankaganiza, kuphunzitsa ndi kuchita zinthu moyenera? Ndiyetu zimenezi zikulimbikitseni. Mawu ake otilimbikitsa ndi akuti: “Ngati mudziŵa izi, odala inu ngati muzichita.”—Yohane 13:17.
[Mawu a M’munsi]
a “Kusiyana kwakukulu [pakati pa Yesu ndi Afarisi] kukuonekera makamaka pa kusiyana kwa mmene anali kum’dziŵira Mulungu. Kwa Afarisi, khalidwe lalikulu la Mulungu ndilo kulamula; koma kwa Yesu, Mulungu ndi wokoma mtima ndiponso wachifundo. N’zoona kuti Afarisi ankavomereza kuti Mulungu ndi wabwino ndiponso wachikondi, koma kwa iwo, Mulungu anasonyeza zimenezi popereka mphatso ya Torah [Chilamulo] ndiponso kukwaniritsa zomwe zili m’Chilamulocho . . . Afarisi ankaona kuumirira mwambo pamodzi ndi malamulo ake otanthauzira chilamulo kukhala njira yokwaniritsira Torah. . . . Kutsindika kwa Yesu malamulo aŵiri onena za chikondi (Mateyu 22:34-40) kuti ndiwo tanthauzo la Chilamulo ndi kukana kwake miyambo ya pakamwa yokhwimitsa zinthu . . . zinam’chititsa kutsutsana ndi kutanthauzira kolakwika kwa Afarisi.”—The New International Dictionary of New Testament Theology.
Kodi Mungayankhe Bwanji?
• Kodi mukuganiza kuti kukhala wophunzira wa Yesu kumatanthauzanji?
• Kodi Yesu ankachita motani ndi anthu?
• Kodi tingaphunzire chiyani pa kaphunzitsidwe ka Yesu?
• Kodi Afarisi ankasiyana motani ndi Yesu?
[Zithunzi pamasamba 18, 19]
Mmene Yesu ankaonera anthu zinali zosiyanatu kwambiri ndi Afarisi!