Uyang’aniro Wateokrase m’Nthaŵi ya Akristu
Monga kunamkomera . . . akasonkhanitse pamodzi zonse mwa Kristu, za kumwamba, ndi za padziko.”—AEFESO 1:9, 10.
1, 2. (a) Kodi kusonkhanitsa “za kumwamba” kunachitika motani, kuyambira mu 33 C.E.? (b) Kodi Akristu odzozedwa asonyeza motani mzimu wa Mose ndi Eliya chiyambire 1914?
KUSONKHANITSA “za kumwamba” kumeneku kunayamba mu 33 C.E., pamene “Israyeli wa Mulungu” anabadwa. (Agalatiya 6:16; Yesaya 43:10; 1 Petro 2:9, 10) Pambuyo pa zaka za zana loyamba C.E., kusonkhanitsako kunabwerera m’mbuyo mmene “namsongole” wampatuko amene Satana anafesa, anakula kupitirira Akristu enieni (amene Yesu anawatcha “tirigu”). Koma mmene “nthaŵi ya chimaliziro” inafika, Israyeli weniweni wa Mulungu anaonekeranso ndipo mu 1919 anaikidwa kuyang’anira chuma chonse cha Yesu.a—Mateyu 13:24-30, 36-43; 24:45-47; Danieli 12:4.
2 M’nkhondo yadziko yoyamba, Akristu odzozedwa anachita ntchito zamphamvu, mofanana ndi Mose ndi Eliya.b (Chivumbulutso 11:5, 6) Chiyambire 1919 alalikira uthenga wabwino m’dziko laudani, akumatero ndi kulimba mtima konga kwa Eliya. (Mateyu 24:9-14) Ndipo chiyambire 1922 alengeza ziweruzo za Yehova pa mtundu wa munthu, monga momwe Mose anatsanulira miliri ya Mulungu pa Igupto wakale. (Chivumbulutso 15:1; 16:2-17) Otsalira a Akristu odzozedwa ameneŵa lero ndiwo malikulu a gulu la dziko latsopano la Mboni za Yehova.
Mmene Bungwe Lolamulira Lagwirira Ntchito
3. Kodi nzochitika zotani zimene zikusonyeza kuti mpingo woyambirira wachikristu unali wolinganizika bwino?
3 Kuchokera pachiyambi, otsatira a Yesu odzozedwa anali olinganizidwa. Mmene ophunzira anachuluka, mipingo inakhazikitsidwa m’malowo ndipo akulu anaikidwa. (Tito 1:5) Pambuyo pa 33 C.E., atumwi 12 amenewo anali bungwe lolamulira lopereka malangizo. Choncho anatsogolera ntchito yochitira umboni mopanda mantha. (Machitidwe 4:33, 35, 37; 5:18, 29) Anasamalira magaŵidwe a chakudya kwa osoŵa, ndipo anatumiza Petro ndi Yohane ku Samariya kuti akathandize okondwerera otchulidwa m’malipoti ochokera kumeneko. (Machitidwe 6:1-6; 8:6-8, 14-17) Barnaba anatengera Paulo kwa iwo kuti akatsimikize kuti yemwe anali wozunza Akristu ameneyu tsopano ndi wotsatira wa Yesu. (Machitidwe 9:27; Agalatiya 1:18, 19) Ndipo Petro atalalikira kwa Korneliyo ndi a m’nyumba yake, anabwerera ku Yerusalemu kukafotokoza kwa atumwi ndi abale ena a m’Yudeya mmene mzimu woyera unasonyezera chifuniro cha Mulungu m’nkhani imeneyi.—Machitidwe 11:1-18.
4. Kodi anayesa motani kumupha Petro, koma anapulumuka motani?
4 Ndiyeno chizunzo choopsa chinafika pa bungwe lolamulira. Petro anaponyedwa m’ndende, ndipo moyo wake unangopulumutsidwa ndi mngelo. (Machitidwe 12:3-11) Tsopano kwa nthaŵi yoyamba, wina wosakhala mmodzi wa atumwi 12 amenewo anaonekera pamalo audindo m’Yerusalemu. Petro atamasulidwa m’ndende, anauza osonkhana m’nyumba ya amayi wa Yohane Marko kuti: “Muwauze Yakobo [mbale wa Yesu] ndi abale izi.”—Machitidwe 12:17.
5. Kodi kapangidwe ka bungwe lolamulira kanasintha motani pamene Yakobo anaphedwa chifukwa cha chikhulupiriro?
5 Poyamba paja, atadzipha mtumwi wamdyera kuŵiri uja, Yudasi Isikariote, atumwiwo anazindikira kuti anayenera ‘kupatsa uyang’aniro wake’ monga mtumwi kwa wina yemwe anali ndi Yesu mu utumiki wake ndi amene anaona imfa yake ndi kuuka kwake. Komabe, pamene Yakobo, mbale wa Yohane anaphedwa, palibe amene anatenga malo ake monga mmodzi wa atumwi 12 amenewo. (Machitidwe 1:20-26; 12:1, 2) Komabe, pamene Malemba akutchulanso za bungwe lolamulira akusonyeza kuti linawonjezedwa. Mkangano utabuka wakuti kaya Amitundu omwe anatsatira Yesu ayenera kusunga Chilamulo cha Mose kapena ayi, nkhaniyo inapita ku “Yerusalemu kwa atumwi ndi akulu” kuti agamule. (Machitidwe 15:2, 6, 20, 22, 23; 16:4) Kodi nchifukwa ninji tsopano “akulu” anali m’bungwe lolamulira? Baibulo silimapereka chifukwa, koma panali ubwino wina woonekeratu. Imfa ya Yakobo ndi kuponyedwa m’ndende kwa Petro kunasonyeza kuti tsiku lina atumwiwo angawaponye m’ndende kapena kuwapha. Chifukwa cha kuthekera kwa zimenezo, panafukira akulu oyenerera, odziŵa bwino kachitidwe ka zinthu ka bungwe lolamulira, kuti uyang’aniro wadongosolo upitirire.
6. Kodi bungwe lolamulira linapitiriza motani kugwira ntchito m’Yerusalemu, ngakhale pamene mamembala ake oyamba munalibemo mumzindamo?
6 Pamene Paulo anapita ku Yerusalemu cha m’ma 56 C.E., anaonekera kwa Yakobo, ndipo Baibulo limati, “ndi akulu onse anali pomwepo.” (Machitidwe 21:18) Nchifukwa ninji pamsonkhanowu sipanatchulidwe atumwi? Apanso Baibulo silimapereka chifukwa. Koma wolemba mbiri Eusebius pambuyo pake analemba kuti panthaŵi ina isanafike 66 C.E., “atumwi otsalawo anachotsedwa m’Yudeya chifukwa cha ziwembu zofuna kuwapha. Koma m’mphamvu ya Kristu, anayendayenda m’dziko lililonse kuphunzitsa uthenga wawo.” (Eusebius, Book III, V, v. 2) Zoona, mawu a Eusebius sali mbali ya malemba ouziridwa, koma amagwirizana ndi zimene mbiriyo imanena. Mwachitsanzo, pofika 62 C.E., Petro anali ku Babulo—kutali ndi Yerusalemu. (1 Petro 5:13) Chikhalirechobe, mu 56 C.E., ndipo mpaka ngati mu 66 C.E., nkoonekeratu kuti bungwe lolamulira linkagwira ntchito mu Yerusalemu.
Uyang’aniro m’Nthaŵi Yamakono
7. Poyerekeza bungwe lolamulira la m’zaka za zana loyamba ndi lamakono, kodi pali kusiyana kwakukulu kotani m’kapangidwe kake?
7 Kuyambira mu 33 C.E. mpaka chisautso chachikulu m’Yerusalemu, Akristu achiyuda okha mwachionekere ndiwo anali m’bungwe lolamulira. Pamene anapita ku Yerusalemu mu 56 C.E., Paulo anamva kuti Akristu achiyuda ambiri m’Yerusalemu, ngakhale anali “nacho chikhulupiriro cha Ambuye wathu Yesu Kristu,” anali nacho ‘changu cha pa chilamulo [cha Mose].’c (Yakobo 2:1; Machitidwe 21:20-25) Ayuda oterowo ayenera kuti anaona kukhala kosatheka kuti Wakunja akhale m’bungwe lolamulira. Komabe m’nthaŵi yamakono, pakhala kusintha kwina m’kapangidwe ka bungwe limeneli. Lero, onse omwe alimo ndi Akristu odzozedwa Akunja, ndipo Yehova wadalitsa kwambiri uyang’aniro wawo.—Aefeso 2:11-15.
8, 9. Kodi nzotani zimene zachitika m’Bungwe Lolamulira m’nthaŵi yamakono?
8 Kuchokera pamene Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania inalembetsedwa mu 1884 mpaka 1972, pulezidenti wa Sosaite imeneyo anali ndi ulamuliro waukulu kwambiri m’gulu la Yehova, pamene Bungwe Lolamulira linalinso monga bungwe loyang’anira la Sosaite. Madalitso omwe anakhalapo panthaŵiyo akusonyeza kuti Yehova analola makonzedwe amenewo. Pakati pa 1972 ndi 1975, Bungwe Lolamulira linawonjezedwa kukhala ndi mamembala 18. Zinthu tsopano zinafanana kwambiri ndi makonzedwe a m’zaka za zana loyamba pamene ulamuliro waukulu anauika m’manja mwa bungwe lowonjezedwalo, ndipo ena alinso mamembala a bungwe loyang’anira Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania.
9 Chiyambire 1975 angapo mwa abale 18 ameneŵa atsiriza moyo wawo wa padziko lapansi. Iwo alilaka dziko lapansi ‘nakakhala pansi ndi Yesu pa mpando wachifumu kumwamba.’ (Chivumbulutso 3:21) Pachifukwa chimenechi ndi zifukwa zina, Bungwe Lolamulira tsopano lili ndi mamembala khumi, kuphatikizapo mmodzi yemwe anasankhidwa mu 1994. Ambiri akalamba ndithu. Komabe, abale odzozedwa ameneŵa akuthandizidwa kwambiri mmene akusenza maudindo awo olemerawo. Kodi chithandizocho chimachokera kuti? Tikupeza yankho mwa kuona zimene zachitika m’nthaŵi yamakono pakati pa anthu a Mulungu.
Kuthandiza Israyeli wa Mulungu
10. Kodi ndayani omwe agwirizana ndi odzozedwa mu utumiki wa Yehova m’masiku ano otsiriza, ndipo zinaloseredwa motani?
10 Kalelo mu 1884, pafupifupi onse ogwirizana ndi Israyeli wa Mulungu anali Akristu odzozedwa. Koma m’kupita kwa nthaŵi, gulu lina linayamba kuonekera, ndipo mu 1935 gulu limeneli linadziŵika kukhala “khamu lalikulu” la m’Chivumbulutso chaputala 7. Pokhala ndi chiyembekezo chodzakhala padziko lapansi, ameneŵa ndiwo “za padziko” zimene Yehova akufuna kusonkhanitsa mwa Kristu. (Aefeso 1:10) Iwo ndiwo “nkhosa zina” za m’fanizo la Yesu la magulu a nkhosa. (Yohane 10:16) Chiyambire 1935, nkhosa zina zikuloŵa m’gulu la Yehova. Akufika ‘chouluka ngati mtambo, ndi monga nkhunda ku mazenera awo.’ (Yesaya 60:8) Chifukwa cha kuwonjezeka kwa khamu lalikulu ndi kucheperachepera kwa gulu la odzozedwa mmene ambiri akumaliza moyo wawo padziko lapansi mu imfa, a nkhosa zina oyenerera ayamba kuchita ntchito zazikulu zachikristu. M’njira ziti?
11. Kodi ndi ntchito zotani zomwe tsopano zapatsidwa kwa nkhosa zina, zimene poyamba zinali za Akristu odzozedwa okha?
11 Kulengeza ponseponse ulemerero wa Yehova nthaŵi zonse kwakhala ntchito yapadera ya “mtundu wopatulika.” Paulo anaitcha nsembe ya pakachisi, ndipo awo omwe akakhala “ansembe achifumu,” Yesu anawapatsa ntchito yolalikira ndi kuphunzitsa. (Eksodo 19:5, 6; 1 Petro 2:4, 9; Mateyu 24:14; 28:19, 20; Ahebri 13:15, 16) Komabe, Nsanja ya Olonda ya August 1, 1932, inalimbikitsa makamaka aja omwe Yonadabu anaphiphiritsira kuti achite ntchito imeneyi. Kunena zoona, ambiri a nkhosa zina anali atayamba kale kuchita zimenezo. Lero, pafupifupi ntchito yonse yolalikira amaichita ndi a nkhosa zina monga mbali yaikulu ya ‘kumtumikira Iye [Mulungu] usana ndi usiku m’Kachisi mwake.’ (Chivumbulutso 7:15) Mofanana ndi zimenezo, kuchiyambi kwa mbiri yamakono ya anthu a Yehova, akulu a mpingo anali Akristu odzozedwa, “nyenyezi” za m’dzanja lakumanja la Yesu Kristu. (Chivumbulutso 1:16, 20) Koma Nsanja ya Olonda ya May 1, 1937, inalengeza kuti oyenerera a nkhosa zina angakhale atumiki a mpingo (oyang’anira otsogoza). Ngakhale kuti amuna odzozedwa analipo, a nkhosa zina anagwiritsiridwa ntchito ngati amuna odzozedwawo sanali okhoza kusenza udindo umenewu. Lero, pafupifupi akulu a mipingo yonse ali a nkhosa zina.
12. Kodi ndi zitsanzo za m’Malemba zotani zimene zilipo za kupatsa maudindo auyang’aniro aakulu kwa a nkhosa zina oyenerera?
12 Kodi kupatsa maudindo aakulu otero kwa nkhosa zina nkulakwa? Ayi, pakuti angotsatira chitsanzo chakale. Alendo ena otembenuka (alendo okhala pakati pawo) anali ndi ntchito zapamwamba m’Israyeli wakale. (2 Samueli 23:37, 39; Yeremiya 38:7-9) Atabwerako kundende ku Babulo, Anetini oyenerera (atumiki a pakachisi osakhala Aisrayeli) anapatsidwa mwaŵi wa ntchito za pakachisi zimene kale zinali za Alevi okha. (Ezara 8:15-20; Nehemiya 7:60) Ndiponso, Mose, yemwe anaoneka pamodzi ndi Yesu m’masomphenya a kusandulikawo, analandira uphungu wabwino kwa Yetero Mmidianiyo. Pambuyo pake, anapempha Hobabu mwana wa Yetero kuti awatsogolere podutsa m’chipululu.—Eksodo 18:5, 17-24; Numeri 10:29.
13. Pogaŵira maudindo modzichepetsa kwa nkhosa zina zoyenerera, kodi odzozedwa atsatira mzimu wabwino wa yani?
13 Chakumapeto kwa zaka 40 m’chipululumo, Mose podziŵa kuti sadzaloŵa m’Dziko Lolonjezedwa, anapemphera kuti Yehova ampatse wina womloŵa m’malo. (Numeri 27:15-17) Yehova anamuuza kuti asankhe Yoswa pamaso pa anthu onse, ndipo Mose anatero, ngakhale kuti anali adakali ndi mphamvu ndipo sanaleke nthaŵi yomweyo kutumikira Israyeli. (Deuteronomo 3:28; 34:5-7, 9) Pokhala ndi mzimu wodzichepetsa wonga umenewo, odzozedwa apereka kale maudindo aakulu kwa amuna oyenerera a nkhosa zina.
14. Kodi ndi maulosi otani amene akuloza ku kukula kwa ntchito yauyang’aniro ya nkhosa zina?
14 Nayonso ntchito yomakulakulayo ya uyang’aniro wa nkhosa zina inaloseredwa pasadakhale. Zekariya ananeneratu kuti Mfilisti wosakhala Mwisrayeli adzakhala “ngati mkulu wa fuko m’Yuda.” (Zekariya 9:6, 7) Choncho Zekariya anali kunena kuti yemwe anali mdani wa Israyeli adzalandira kulambira koona ndi kukhala ngati mkulu wa fuko m’Dziko Lolonjezedwa. Ndiponso, polankhula kwa Israyeli wa Mulungu, Yehova anati: “Ndipo alendo adzaimirira ndi kudyetsa magulu ako, ndi anthu akunja adzakhala olima ako, ndi kukukonzera minda yamphesa. Koma inu mudzatchedwa ansembe a Yehova; anthu adzakuyesani inu atumiki a Mulungu wathu.” (Yesaya 61:5, 6) “Alendo” ndi “anthu akunja” ndiwo nkhosa zina. Iwowa apatsidwa maudindo kuti achite ntchito zochuluka mmene otsalira odzozedwa okalambawo akumaliza moyo wawo wa padziko lapansi ndi kupita kukatumikira kumwamba monga “ansembe a Yehova” enieni, pozinga mpando wachifumu wa Yehova monga “atumiki a Mulungu.”—1 Akorinto 15:50-57; Chivumbulutso 4:4, 9-11; 5:9, 10.
‘Mbadwo . . . Ukudzawo’
15. M’nthaŵi ino yamapeto, kodi ndi gulu liti la Akristu lomwe lafika “paukalamba,” ndipo ndi gulu liti limene limaimira ‘mbadwo . . . ukudzawo’?
15 Otsalira odzozedwa akhala ofunitsitsa kuphunzitsa nkhosa zina maudindo aakulu. Salmo 71:18 limati: “Pokalamba ine ndi kukhala nazo imvi musandisiye, Mulungu; kufikira nditalalikira mbadwo uwu za dzanja lanu, mphamvu yanu kwa onse akudza m’mbuyo.” Pofotokoza vesili, Nsanja ya Olonda ya December 15, 1948, inanena kuti mpingo wa Akristu odzozedwa unafikadi paukalamba. Inanenanso kuti odzozedwawo ali achimwemwe “kupenya kutsogolo m’kuunika kwa ulosi wa Baibulo ndi kuona mbadwo watsopano.” Kodi zimenezi zikuloza kwa yani kwenikweni? Nsanja ya Olonda imeneyo inati: “Yesu anawatcha ‘nkhosa zina.’” ‘Mbadwo ukudzawo’ ukuloza kwa anthu omwe adzakhala pansi pa uyang’aniro watsopano padziko lapansi wa Ufumu wakumwamba.
16. Kodi aja a ‘mbadwo ukudzawo’ akuyembekezera madalitso otani mwachidwi?
16 Baibulo silimanena nthaŵi yeniyeni imene Akristu odzozedwa onse adzasiya abale awo a ‘mbadwo ukudzawo’ ndi kumka kukalandira ulemerero pamodzi ndi Yesu Kristu. Koma odzozedwa ameneŵa ali ndi chidaliro chakuti nthaŵi ya zimenezi ikuyandikira. Zochitika zimene Yesu ananeneratu mu ulosi wake waukulu ponena za “nthaŵi ya chimaliziro” zinayamba kuoneka chiyambire 1914, kuonetsa kuti chiwonongeko cha dzikoli chili pafupi. (Danieli 12:4; Mateyu 24:3-14; Marko 13:4-20; Luka 21:7-24) Posachedwapa, Yehova adzabweretsa dziko latsopano mmene ‘mbadwo ukudzawo’ ‘udzaloŵa mu ufumu [padziko lapansi] wokonzedwera iwo pa chikhazikiro chake cha dziko.’ (Mateyu 25:34) Iwo ali okondwa poyembekezera nthaŵi pamene Paradaiso adzabwezeretsedwa ndi pamene mamiliyoni a anthu akufa adzaukitsidwa ku Hade. (Chivumbulutso 20:13) Kodi odzozedwa adzakhalapo kudzachingamira oukitsidwa amenewo? Kale mu 1925, Nsanja ya Olonda yachingelezi ya May 1, inati: “Sitiyenera kudzinenera tokha zimene Mulungu adzachita kapena zimene sadzachita. . . . [Koma] zikuoneka kuti mamembala a Tchalitchi [Akristu odzozedwa] adzalemekezedwa chisanachitike chiukiriro cha olemekezeka akale [mboni zokhulupirika zakale Chikristu chisanafike].” Ndiponso pofotokoza kuti kaya ena a odzozedwa adzakhalapo kapena ayi kudzachingamira oukitsidwawo, Nsanja ya Olonda ya September 1, 1989 inati: “Zimenezi sizingakhale zofunikira.”d
17. Kodi ndi maudindo odabwitsa otani amene gulu la odzozedwa lidzachita pamodzi ndi Mfumu yoikidwa pampandoyo, Yesu Kristu?
17 Zoona, sitikudziŵa chimene chidzachitika kwa mmodzi ndi mmodzi wa Akristu odzozedwa. Koma kuonekera kwa Mose ndi Eliya pamodzi ndi Yesu m’masomphenya a kusandulika kumasonyeza kuti Akristu odzozedwa oukitsidwawo ayenera kukhala ndi Yesu pamene afika mu ulemerero ‘kudzabwezera kwa onse monga mwa machitidwe awo’ popereka chiweruzo chake. Ndiponso, tikukumbukira lonjezo la Yesu lakuti Akristu odzozedwa amene “alakika” ‘adzawalamulira [“adzaŵeta,” NW] amitundu ndi ndodo yachitsulo’ limodzi naye pa Armagedo. Pamene Yesu afika mu ulemerero, adzakhala naye “kuweruza mafuko khumi ndi aŵiri a Israyeli.” Pamodzi ndi Yesu, ‘adzaphwanya Satana pansi pa mapazi awo.’—Mateyu 16:27–17:9; 19:28; Chivumbulutso 2:26, 27; 16:14, 16; Aroma 16:20; Genesis 3:15; Salmo 2:9; 2 Atesalonika 1:9, 10.
18. (a) Kodi ‘kusonkhanitsa zinthu za kumwamba mwa Kristu’ kwafika pati? (b) Kodi tinganenenji za ‘kusonkhanitsa zinthu za padziko lapansi mwa Kristu’?
18 Potsatira uyang’aniro wa zinthu umenewu, Yehova akupitiriza ‘kusonkhanitsa pamodzi zonse mwa Kristu.’ Ponena za zinthu “za kumwamba,” cholinga chake chikukwaniritsidwa. Kugwirizana kwa Yesu ndi a 144,000 onse kumwamba mu “ukwati wa Mwanawankhosa” kwayandikira. Chifukwa chake, abale a nkhosa zina, anthaŵi yaitali, ndi achidziŵitso kwambiri, omwe ali zinthu “za padziko,” apatsidwa maudindo aakulu kuti athandize abale awo odzozedwa. Ha, tikukhala m’nthaŵi yosangalatsa bwanji! Nkokondweretsa bwanji kuona cholinga cha Yehova chikukwaniritsidwa! (Aefeso 1:9, 10; 3:10-12; Chivumbulutso 14:1; 19:7, 9) Ndipo nkhosa zina zikukondwa chotani nanga pothandiza abale awo odzozedwa mmene onse akutumikira pamodzi monga “gulu limodzi” pansi pa “mbusa mmodzi” pogonjera Mfumuyo, Yesu Kristu, ndi kuulemerero wa Mfumu Yachilengedwe Chonse, Yehova Mulungu!—Yohane 10:16; Afilipi 2:9-11.
[Mawu a M’munsi]
a Onani Nsanja ya Olonda ya February 1, 1982, masamba 16-27.
b Mwachitsanzo, kuyambira mu 1914, “Photo-Drama of Creation”—kanema ya zithunzi ndi mawu ojambula ya mbali zinayi—anaionetsa kwa anthu ambiri m’maholo ochitiramo maseŵero m’maiko onse a Azungu.
c Kuti mupeze zimene zingakhale zifukwa zochititsa Akristu achiyuda kukhala achangu pa Chilamulo, onani Insight on the Scriptures, yofalitsidwa ndi Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York, Inc., Voliyumu 2, masamba 1163-4.
Kodi Mungafotokoze?
◻ Kodi gulu la Mulungu linapita patsogolo motani m’zaka za zana loyamba?
◻ Kodi Bungwe Lolamulira linakonzedwa motani m’mbiri yamakono ya Mboni za Yehova?
◻ Kodi ndi Malemba ati omwe amavomereza kupatsa ulamuliro nkhosa zina m’gulu la Yehova?
◻ Kodi zinthu “za kumwamba” ndi “za padziko” zasonkhanitsidwa motani mwa Kristu?
[Chithunzi patsamba 16]
Ngakhale pamene mamembala ake oyamba munalibemo mu Yerusalemu, bungwe lolamulira linapitiriza kugwira ntchito
[Zithunzi patsamba 18]
Akristu odzozedwa achidziŵitso akhala dalitso kwa anthu a Yehova
C. T. Russell 1884-1916
J. F. Rutherford 1916-42
N. H. Knorr 1942-77
F. W. Franz 1977-92
M. G. Henschel 1992-