Sabata

Tanthauzo: Sabata latengedwa ku sha·vathʹ, Lachihebri, lotanthauza “kupuma, kuleka, kusiya.” Dongosolo la masabata lofotokozedwa m’Chilamulo cha Mose linaloŵetsamo tsiku la Sabata la mlungu ndi mlungu, chiŵerengero cha masiku ena owonjezereka otchulidwa mwapadera mkati mwa chaka chonse, chaka chachisanu ndi chiŵiri, ndi chaka cha makumi asanu. Sabata la mlungu ndi mlungu la Ayuda, tsiku lachisanu ndi chiŵiri la mlungu wawo wa kalendala, limayambira pa kuloŵa kwa dzuŵa pa Lachisanu kufikira kuloŵa kwa dzuŵa pa Loŵeruka. Ambiri odzinenera kukhala Akristu mwamwambo asunga Sande kukhala tsiku lawo lakupuma ndi la kulambira; ena amamatira kutsiku lopatulidwa pa kalendala Yachiyuda.

Kodi Akristu ali ndi thayo la kusunga tsiku lasabata la mlungu ndi mlungu?

Eks. 31:16, 17: “Ana a Israyeli azisunga Sabata, kuchita Sabata mwa mibadwo yawo, likhale pangano losatha [“pangano lopanda mapeto,” RS]; ndicho chizindikiro chosatha pakati pa ine ndi ana a Israyeli.” (Wonani kuti kusungidwa kwa sabata kunali chizindikiro pakati pa Yehova ndi Israyeli; zimenezi sizikanakhala choncho ngati munthu wina aliyense analinso ndi thayo la kusunga Sabata. Liwu Lachihebri lomasuliridwa kuti “kosatha” mu RS ndiro ‛oh·lamʹ, limene kwakukulukulu limatanthauza nyengo ya nthaŵi imene, poyerekezera ndi tsopano, iri yosadziŵika, kapena yobisika, yokhala ndi nyengo yaitali. Iyo ingatanthauze kosatha, koma osati kwenikweni motero. Pa Numeri 25:13 liwu Lachihebri limodzimodzilo likugwiritsiridwa ntchito kuunsembe, umene pambuyo pake unatha, mogwirizana ndi kunena kwa Ahebri 7:12.)

Aroma 10:4: “Kristu ali chimaliziro cha lamulo kulinga ku chilungamo kwa amene aliyense akhulupirira.” (Kusungidwa kwa sabata kunali mbali ya Chilamulo chimenecho. Mulungu anagwiritsira ntchito Kristu kuthetsa Chilamulo chimenecho. Kukhala kwathu ndi mkhalidwe wolungama ndi Mulungu kumadalira pa kukhulupirira Kristu, osati pa kusunga sabata la mlungu ndi mlungu.) (Ndiponso Agalatiya 4:9-11; Aefeso 2:13-16)

Akol. 2:13-16: “[Mulungu] adatikhululukira ife zolakwa zonse; adatha kutifafanizira cha pa ifecho cholembedwa m’zoikikazo, chimene chinali chotsutsana nafe . . . Chifukwa chake munthu aliyense asakuweruzeni inu m’chakudya, kapena chakumwa, kapena m’kunena tsiku la phwando, kapena tsiku lokhala mwezi, kapena la sabata.” (Ngati munthu anali pansi pa Chilamulo cha Mose naweruzidwa kukhala ndi liwongo la kuswa Sabata, anafunikira kuponyedwa miyala ndi mpingo wonse kuti afe, mogwirizana ndi kunena kwa Eksodo 31:14 ndi Numeri 15:32-35. Ambiri amene amanena kuti adakasunga sabata ali ndi chifukwa chabwino chokhalira okondwera kuti ife sitiri pansi pa Chilamulo chimenecho. Monga momwe kwasonyezedwera m’lemba logwidwa mawu panopa, mkhalidwe woyanjidwa ndi Mulungu sumafunikiranso chofunika cha kusungidwa kwa sabata choperekedwa kwa Israyeli.)

Kodi ndimotani mmene Sande linafikira kukhala tsiku lalikulu la kulambira la mbali yaikulu ya Dziko Lachikristu?

Ngakhale kuli kwakuti Kristu anaukitsidwa patsiku loyamba la mlungu (tsopano lotchedwa Sande), Baibulo liribe malangizo akupatula tsiku la mlungu limenelo kukhala lopatulika.

“Chikumbukiro cha dzina lakale Lachikunja la ‘Dies Solis,’ kapena ‘Sande,’ kaamba ka phwando Lachikritsu la mlungu ndi mlungu, chiri, kwakukulukulu, chifukwa cha mgwirizano wa Chikunja ndi [lotchedwa] lingaliro Lachikristu mwa limene tsiku loyamba la mlungu limene linavomerezedwa ndi Constantine [m’chilengezo cha mu 321 C.E.] kwa nzika zake, Akunja ndi Akristu mofanana, monga ‘tsiku lolemekezeka la Dzuŵa.’ . . . Linali lingaliro lake logwirizanitsira zipembedzo zogaŵanika za Ufumuwo pansi pa gulu limodzi.”—Lectures on the History of the Eastern Church (New York, 1871), A. P. Stanley, p. 291.

Kodi lamulo la kusunga sabata linaperekedwa kwa Adamu ndipo motero kulipangitsa kukhala logwira ntchito pambadwa zake zonse?

Yehova Mulungu anapuma kuntchito zake za kulenga chilengedwe cha kuthupi, pambuyo pa kukonzekeretsa dziko lapansi kukhala malo okhala anthu. Zimenezi zafotokozedwa pa Genesis 2:1-3. Koma m’cholembedwa cha Baibulo mulibe mawu onena kuti Mulungu analangiza Adamu kusunga tsiku lachisanu ndi chiŵiri la mlungu ndi mlungu kukhala sabata.

Deut. 5:15: “Uzikumbukira kuti [Israyeli] unali kapolo m’dziko la Aigupto, ndi kuti Yehova Mulungu wako anakutulutsako ndi dzanja lamphamvu ndi mkono wotambasuka; chifukwa chake Yehova Mulungu wako anakulamulira kusunga tsiku la sabata.” (Panopa Yehova akugwirizanitsa kupereka kwake lamulo la sabata ndi kulanditsidwa kwa Israyeli mu ukapolo wa Igupto, osati ndi zochitika za m’Edene.)

Eks. 16:1, 23-29: “Khamu lonse la ana a Israyeli linaloŵa m’chipululu cha Sini . . . tsiku lakhumi ndi chisanu la mwezi wachiŵiri atatuluka m’dziko la Aigupto. . . . [Mose] ananena nawo, Ichi ndichomwe Yehova analankhula, Maŵa ndiko kupuma, sabata lopatulika la Yehova; . . . Muziwola [mana] uwu masiku asanu ndi limodzi; koma tsiku lachisanu ndi chiŵiri ndiro la Sabata, pamenepo padzakhala palibe. Ndipo Yehova anati kwa Mose, . . . Tawonani, popeza Yehova anakupatsani Sabata.” (Nthaŵi imeneyi isanafike, panali kulekanitsidwa kwa masabata a masiku asanu ndi aŵiri lirilonse, koma imeneyi ndiyo nthaŵi yoyamba ya kutchulidwa kwa kusunga sabata.)

Kodi Chilamulo cha Mose nchogaŵanika kukhala mbali ya “madzoma” ndi ya “makhalidwe abwino,” ndipo kodi “chilamulo cha makhalidwe abwino” (Malamulo Khumi) chikugwirabe ntchito pa Akristu?

Kodi Yesu anasonya ku Chilamulo mwamkhalidwe umene unasonyeza kuchigaŵanitsa kukhala mbali ziŵiri?

Mat. 5:17, 21, 23, 27, 31, 38: “Musaganize kuti ndinadza ine kudzapasula chilamulo kapena aneneri: sindinadza kupasula, koma kukwaniritsa.” Tsopano, tawonani zimene Yesu anaphatikiza m’ndemanga zake zopitirizabe. “Munamva kuti kunanenedwa kwa iwo akale, Usaphe [Eks. 20:13; Lamulo Lachisanu ndi Chimodzi]; . . . chifukwa chake ngati uli kupereka mtulo wako paguwa la nsembe [Deut. 16:16, 17; siiri mbali ya Malamulo Khumi] . . . Munamva kuti kunanenedwa, Usachite chigololo [Eks. 20:14; Lamulo Lachisanu ndi chiŵiri] Kunanenedwanso, Yense wakuchotsa mkazi wake ampatse iye chilekaniro [Deut. 24:1; siliri mbali ya Malamulo Khumi]. Munamva kuti kunanenedwa, Diso kulipa diso, ndi dzino kulipa dzino [Eks. 21:23-25; siliri mbali ya Malamulo Khumi].” (Motero, Yesu anasanganiza pamodzi maumboni a malemba a Malamulo Khumi ndi mbali zina za Chilamulo, popanda kuwasiyanitsa. Kodi ife tiyenera kuchita nawo mosiyana?)

Pamene Yesu anafunsidwa kuti, “Mphunzitsi, lamulo lalikulu ndiliti la m’chilamulo?” kodi analekanitsa Malamulo Khumi? Mmalo mwake, iye anayankha kuti “Uzikonda Ambuye Mulungu wako ndi mtima wako wonse, ndi moyo wako wonse, ndi nzeru zako zonse. Iri ndilo lamulo lalikulu ndi loyamba. Ndipo lachiŵiri lolingana nalo ndi iri, Uzikonda mnzako monga udzikonda iwe mwini. Pamalamulo aŵa aŵiri mpokoloŵekapo chilamulo chonse ndi aneneri.” (Mat. 22:35-40) Ngati ena amamatira ku Malamulo Khumi (Deut. 5:6-21), akumanena kuti akugwirabe ntchito kwa Akristu koma kuti ena onse sakutero, kodi iwo saali kwenikweni kukana zimene Yesu ananena (pogwira mawu Deut. 6:5; Lev. 19:18) ponena za amene ali malamulo aakulu koposa?

Potchula za kutha kwa Chilamulo cha Mose, kodi Baibulo limanena mwachindunji kuti Malamulo Khumi anaphatikizidwa mu amene anatha?

Aroma 7:6, 7: “Tsopano tinamasulidwa kuchilamulo, popeza tinafa kwa ichi chimene tinagwidwa nacho kale; . . . Pamenepo tidzatani? Kodi chilamulo chiri uchimo? Msatero ayi. Koma ine sindikadazindikira uchimo, koma mwa lamulo ndimo; pakuti sindikadazindikira chilakolako sichikadati chilamulo, Usasirire.” (Panopa, mwamsanga atalemba kuti Akristu Achiyuda anali ‘atamasulidwa ku Chilamulo,’ kodi ndichitsanzo chotani chochokera ku Chilamulo chimene Paulo akutchula? Lamulo Lakhumi, motero kusonyeza kuti linaphatikizidwa m’Chilamulo chimene iwo anamasulidwako.)

2 Akor. 3:7-11: “Ngati utumiki wa imfa wolembedwa ndi wolochedwa m’miyala, unakhala mu ulemelero, kotero kuti ana a Israyeli sanathe kuyang’anitsa pankhope yake ya Mose, chifukwa cha ulemerero wa nkhope yake, umene unali kuchotsedwa; koposa kotani nanga utumiki wa mzimu udzakhala mu ulemerero? . . . Pakuti ngati chimene chiri kuchotsedwa chinakhala mu ulemerero, makamaka kwambiri chotsalacho chiri mu ulemerero.” (Panopa mawu atchulidwa osonya kuchilamulo chimene chinali ‘cholembedwa ndi cholochedwa m’miyala’ ndipo kukunenedwa kuti “ana a Israyeli sanathe kuyang’anitsa pankhope yake ya Mose” panyengo imene adaperekedwa kwa iwo. Kodi mawuŵa akulongosola chiyani? Eksodo 34:1, 28-30 amasonyeza kuti ndiko kuperekedwa kwa Malamulo Khumi; ameneŵa ndiwo malamulo amene anali olochedwa pamwala. Mwachiwonekere ameneŵa aphatikizidwa m’zimene panopa lemba limanena kuti “chiri kuchotsedwa.”)

Kodi kuchotsedwa kwa Chilamulo cha Mose, kuphatikizapo Malamulo Khumi, kumatanthauza kuchotsedwa kwa malamulo onse amakhalidwe abwino oletsa?

Kutalitali; miyezo ya makhalidwe abwino yambiri yolembedwa m’Malamulo Khumi inatchulidwanso m’mabukhu ouziridwa a Malemba Achikristu Achigiriki. (Komabe, panalibe kutchulidwanso, kwa lamulo la sabata.) Koma mulimonse mmene lamulo lingakhalire labwino, malinga ngati chikhoterero cha uchimo chilamulira zikhumbo za munthuyo, padzakhala kusayeruzika. Komabe, ponena za pangano latsopano limene linaloŵa mmalo mwa pangano Lachilamulo, Ahebri 8:10 amalongosola kuti: “Pakuti iri ndipangano ndidzalipangana ndi nyumba ya Israyeli, atapita masiku ajaŵa, anena Ambuye: Ndidzapatsa malamulo anga kuwalonga m’nzeru zawo, ndipo pamtima pawo ndidzawalemba iwo; ndipo ndidzawakhalira iwo Mulungu, ndipo iwo adzandikhalira ine anthu.” Ha ngogwira mtima kwambiri chotani nanga mmene malamulo otero aliri kuposa ozokotedwa pamagome a miyala!

Aroma 6:15-17: “Tidzachimwa kodi chifukwa sitiri a lamulo, koma a chisomo? Msatero ayi. Kodi simudziŵa kuti kwa iye amene mudzipereka eni nokha kukhala akapolo ake akumvera iye, mukhalatu akapolo ake a yemweyo muli kumvera iye; kapena a uchimo kulinga kuimfa, kapena a umvero kulinga kuchilungamo? Koma ayamikidwe Mulungu, kuti ngakhale mudakhala akapolo a uchimo, tsopano mwamvera ndi mtima makhalidwe aja a chiphunzitso chimene munaperekedweracho.” (Wonaninso Agalatiya 5:18-24.)

Kodi Sabata la mlungu ndi mlungu liri ndi tanthauzo lanji kwa Akristu?

Pali “Sabata la mpumulo” limene Akristu amakhala nalo tsiku liri lonse

Ahebri 4:4-11 amati: “Wanena pena [Mulungu] [Genesis 2:2] za tsiku lachisanu ndi chiŵiri, natero, ndipo Mulungu anapumula tsiku lachisanu ndi chiŵiri, kuleka ntchito zake zonse. Ndipo mmenemonso [Salmo 95:11], ngati adzaloŵa mpumulo wanga. Popeza tsono patsala kuti ena akaloŵa momwemo, ndi iwo amene uthenga wabwino unalalikidwa kwa iwo kale sanaloŵamo chifukwa cha kusamvera, alangizanso tsiku lina ndi kunena m’Davide [Salmo 95:7, 8], itapita nthaŵi yaikulu yakuti, lero, monga kwanenedwa kale, Lero ngati mudzamva mawu ake, musaumitse mitima yanu. Pakuti ngati Yoswa akadawapumitsa iwo, sakadalankhula m’tsogolomo za tsiku lina. Momwemo utsalira mpumulo wa sabata wa kwa anthu a Mulungu. Pakuti iye amene adaloŵa mpumulo wake, adapumulanso mwini wake kuntchito zake, monganso Mulungu ku zake za iye. Chifukwa chake tichite changu cha kuloŵa mpumulowo, kuti wina angagwe m’chitsanzo chomwe cha kusamvera.”

Kodi Akristu panopa akulimbikitsidwa kupumula ku chiyani? Ku ‘ntchito zawo.’ Ntchito zotani? Ntchito mwa zimene kalero anafuna kudzitsimikizira kukhala olungama. Iwo samakhulupiriranso kuti angathe kupeza chiyanjo cha Mulungu ndi kupeza moyo wamuyaya mwakuchita mogwirizana ndi malangizo ena ndi malamulo. Kumeneko kunali kulakwa kwa Ayuda opanda chikhulupiriro amene, mwa ‘kufunafuna kukhazikitsa chilungamo chawo, sanazigonjetsere kuchilungamo cha Mulungu.’ (Aroma 10:3) Akristu owona amavomereza kuti tonsefe tinabadwa tiri ochimwa ndi kuti kuli kokha mwa kukhulupirira nsembe ya Kristu kuti aliyense angakhale ndi mkhalidwe wolungama ndi Mulungu. Amayesayesa kulabadira ndi kugwiritsira ntchito ziphunzitso zonse za Mwana wa Mulungu. Modzichepetsa amavomereza uphungu ndi chidzudzulo kuchokera m’Mawu a Mulungu. Zimenezi sizitanthauza kuti iwo amalingalira kuti angathe kupeza chiyanjo cha Mulungu motere; mmalo mwake, zimene iwo amachita ndizo chisonyezero cha chikondi chawo ndi chikhulupiriro. Mwanjira imeneyo ya moyo iwo amapeŵa “chitsanzo cha kusamvera” cha mtundu wa Ayuda.

“Tsiku lachisanu ndi chiŵiri,” lotchulidwa mu Genesis 2:2, silinali kokha tsiku la maora 24. (Wonani tsamba 78, pamutu wakuti “Chilengedwe.”) Mofananamo, “kupuma kwa sabata” kumene Akristu amakuchita sikuli kolekezera patsiku la maora 24. Mwa kusonyeza chikhulupiriro ndi kumvera uphungu wa Baibulo, iwo angathe kusangalala nalo tsiku lirilonse, ndipo makamaka iwo adzatero m’dongosolo latsopano la Mulungu.

Pali mpumulo wa “sabata” la zaka chikwi umene uli patsogolo pa anthu

Marko 2:27, 28: “Ndipo [Yesu] ananena nawo, Sabata linaikidwa chifukwa cha munthu, simunthu chifukwa cha Sabata; motero Mwana wa munthu ali mwini dzuŵa la Sabata lomwe.”

Yesu anadziŵa kuti Yehova adayambitsa Sabata monga chizindikiro pakati pa Mulungu ndi Israyeli, ndi kuti linalinganizidwira kuwabweretsera mpumulo kuntchito zawo. Yesu anali kudziŵanso kuti imfa ya iyemwini ikayala maziko a kuchotsedwa kwa Chilamulo cha Mose pokhala chitakwaniritsidwa mwa iye. Iye anazindikira kuti Chilamulo, limodzi ndi chofunika chake cha sabata chinali “mthunzi wa zokoma zirinkudza.” (Aheb. 10:1; Akol. 2:16, 17) Ponena za “zinthu zabwino” zimenezo pali “sabata” limene iye adzakhala Mbuye.

Monga Mbuye wa ambuye, Kristu adzalamulira dziko lonse lapansi kwa zaka chikwi. (Chiv. 19:16; 20:6; Sal. 2:6-8) Akali padziko lapansi, Yesu mokoma mtima anachita zina za ntchito zake zozizwitsa zakuchiritsa pa Sabata, motero kusonyeza mtundu wa mpumulo umene adzadzetsa kwa anthu amitundu yonse mkati mwa Kulamulira kwake kwa Zaka chikwi. (Luka 13:10-13; Yoh. 5:5-9; 9:1-14) Awo amene amazindikira tanthauzo lenileni la Sabata adzakhalanso ndi mwaŵi wa kupindula ndi mpumulo wa “Sabata.”

Ngati Wina Anena Kuti—

‘Akristu ayenera kusunga Sabata’

Mungayankhe kuti: ‘Kodi ndingakufunseni kuti nchifukwa ninji mumalingalira motero?’ Ndiyeno mwinamwake wonjezerani kuti: ‘Chimene Baibulo limanena za iro ndithudi chiyenera kulamulira maganizo athu pankhaniyo, kodi sichoncho? . . . Pali malemba ena a Baibulo amene ndapeza kukhala othandiza pankhaniyi. Chonde tandilolani kuti ndiwalingalire limodzi nanu. (Ndiyeno gwiritsirani ntchito mfundo zoyenerera mawu a m’masamba a mmbuyomu.)’

‘Kodi nchifukwa ninji simumasunga Sabata?’

Mungayankhe kuti: ‘Yankho langa lingadalire pasabata limene mukulilingalira. Kodi munadziŵa kuti Baibulo limasimba za masabata oposa limodzi? . . . Mulungu anapereka malamulo a sabata kwa Ayuda. Koma kodi munadziŵa kuti Baibulo limanena za sabata losiyana limene Akristu ayenera kusunga?’ Ndiyeno mwinamwake wonjezerani kuti: (1) ‘Sitimasunga tsiku limodzi pamlungu monga Sabata chifukwa chakuti Baibulo limati chofunika chimenecho “chinali kudzachotsedwa.” (2 Akor. 3:7-11; wonani ndemanga ponena za zimenezi patsamba 348, 349.)’ (2) ‘Koma pali sabata limene timasunga nthaŵi zonse. (Aheb. 4:4-11; wonani tsamba 349, 350.)’