Utatu
Tanthauzo: Chiphunzitso chachikulu cha zipembedzo za Dziko Lachikristu. Mogwirizana ndi kunena kwa Chikhulupiriro cha Athanasia, pali Anthu aumulungu atatu (Atate, Mwana, Mzukwa Woyera), aliyense amanenedwa kukhala wamuyaya, aliyense amanenedwa kukhala wamphamvuyonse, palibe wokulirapo kapena wocheperapo koposa wina, aliyense amanenedwa kukhala Mulungu, ndipo komabe onse pamodzi ali Mulungu mmodzi yekha. Mawu ena achiphunzitsochi amagogomezera kuti “Anthu” atatu ameneŵa saali anthu olekana ndi osiyana, koma ali ndi mipangidwe itatu mmene muli munthu waumulungu. Motero ena okhulupirira Utatu amagogomezera chikhulupiriro chawo kuti Yesu Kristu ali Mulungu, kapena kuti Yesu ndi Mzukwa Woyera ndiwo Yehova. Sichiri chiphunzitso cha Baibulo.
Kodi ndi ati amene ali magwero a chiphunzitso cha Utatu?
The New Encyclopædia Britannica imati: “Liwu lakuti Utatu, kapena chiphunzitso chenichenicho sizimapezeka m’Chipangano Chatsopano, ndiponso Yesu ndi ophunzira ake sanafune kutsutsa Shema [chikhulupiriro cha Ayuda] m’Chipangano Chakale: ‘Mverani, O Israyeli: Ambuye Mulungu wathu ndiye Ambuye mmodzi’ (Deut. 6:4). . . . Chiphunzitsochi chinayambika pang’onopang’ono mkati mwa zaka mazana angapo ndipo chinapyola mikangano yambiri. . . . Podzafika kumapeto a zaka za zana la 4 . . . chiphunzitso cha Utatu chinatenga kwakukulukulu mpangidwe umene chakhala nawo chiyambire nthaŵiyo.”—(1976), Micropædia, Vol. X, p. 126.
New Catholic Encyclopedia imalongosola kuti: “Kufotokozedwa kwa chiphunzitso cha ‘Mulungu mmodzi mwa Anthu atatu’ kunali kosakhazikika zolimba, ndithudi kunali kosavomerezedwa mokwanira m’moyo Wachikristu ndi m’mawu ake a chikhulupiriro chonenedwacho, mapeto a zaka za zana la 4 asanathe. Koma ali mawu enieni ameneŵa amene anayamba kuchititsa mutu wa chiphunzitso cha Utatu. Pakati pa Abambo Autumwi panalibe konse mkhalidwe wotero kapena ganizo.”—(1967), Vol. XIV, p. 299.
Mu The Encyclopedia Americana timaŵerenga: “Chikristu chinachokera ku Chiyuda ndipo Chiyuda chinali [kukhulupirira kuti Mulungu ali munthu mmodzi]. Njira imene inachokera ku Yerusalemu [ku Chiyuda] kumka ku Nicea [kumene kunayambira chiphunzitso cha Utatu] sinali yowongoka konse. Chiphunzitso cha kukhulupirira Utatu cha m’zaka za zana lachinayi sichinasonyeze molondola chiphunzitso Chachikristu choyamba ponena za mpangidwe wa Mulungu; mmalo mwake, chinali, kupatuka pa chiphunzitsochi.”—(1956), Vol. XXVII, p. 294L.
Mogwirizana ndi kunena kwa Nouveau Dictionnaire Universel, “Utatu Wachiplato, weniweniwo unali kulinganizidwanso kwa mautatu akalekale unayambidwa kalekale ndi anthu oyambirira, umawonekera kukhala utatu wanthanthi zanzeru za mikhalidwe imene inachititsa kayambika kwa milungu itatu kapena yophunzitsidwa ndi matchalitchi Achikristu. . . . Lingaliro la utatu waumulungu iri la wanthanthi Wachigiriki [Plato wa m’zaka za zana lachinayi B.C.E.] . . . lingapezedwe m’zipembedzo zonse zakale [zachikunja].”—(Paris, 1865-1870), lolembedwa ndi M. Lachâtre, Vol. 2, p. 1467.
John L. McKenzie, S.J., m’Dictionary of the Bible yake amati: “Utatu wa anthu mkati mwa mpangidwe wachigwirizano umalongosoledwa mwa liwu lakuti ‘munthu’ ndi lakuti ‘mpangidwe’ amene ali mawu a nthanthi Zachi[giri]ki; kwenikweni mawuwo samapezeka m’Baibulo. Malongosoledwe a Utatu anayambika pambuyo pa mikangano yaitali mu imene mawu ameneŵa ndi ena monga akuti ‘mwini’ ndi ‘chiwonkhetso’ anagwiritsiridwa ntchito molakwa kwa Mulungu ndi anthanthi ena a zaumulungu.”—(New York, 1965), p. 899.
Ngakhale kuli kwakuti, monga momwe Okhulupirira Utatu amavomerezera, kuti m’Baibulo mulibe liwu lakuti “Utatu” kapena mawu a chiphunzitso cha Utatu, kodi malingaliro ophatikizidwa m’chiphunzitsocho alimo?
Kodi Baibulo limaphunzitsa kuti “Mzimu Woyera” ndimunthu?
Malemba ena amene amatchula mzimu woyera (“Mzukwa Woyera,” KJ) angawonekere kukhala akuwusonyeza kukhala munthu, mwachitsanzo, mzimu woyera umatchulidwa kukhala mthandizi (Chigiriki, pa·raʹkle·tos; “Wotonthoza,” KJ; “Nkhoswe,” JB, NE) ‘wophunzitsa,’ ‘wochitira umboni,’ ‘wolankhula,’ ndi ‘womva.’ (Yoh. 14:16, 17, 26; 15:26; 16:13) Koma malemba ena amanena kuti anthu anali “odzazidwa” ndi mzimu woyera, kuti ena ‘anabatizidwa’ nawo kapena “kudzozedwa” nawo. (Luka 1:41; Mat. 3:11; Mac 10:38) Ndithudi kutchulidwa kwa mzimu woyera kotsiriziraku sikumayenerera munthu. Kuti timvetsetse zimene Baibulo lathunthu limaphunzitsa, malemba onseŵa ayenera kupendedwa. Kodi lingaliro la nzeru nlotani? Lakuti malemba oyamba otchulidwa panopa amagwiritsira ntchito mawu okuluŵika otchula mzimu woyera wa Mulungu, mphamvu yake yogwira ntchito, monga munthu, monga momwenso Baibulo limatchulira nzeru, uchimo, imfa, madzi, ndi mwazi, monga munthu. (Wonaninso tsamba 319, 320, pamutu wakuti “Mzimu.”)
Malemba Opatulika amatiuza dzina lenileni la Atate—Yehova. Amatiuza kuti Mwana ndiye Yesu Kristu. Koma mulibe m’Malemba pamene dzina lenileni linagwira ntchito kumzimu woyera.
Machitidwe 7:55, 56 amasimba kuti Stefano anapatsidwa masomphenya akumwamba amene anawonamo “Yesu ali kuimirira kudzanja lamanja la Mulungu.” Koma iye sanatchule za kukhala atawona mzimu woyera. (Wonaninso Chivumbulutso 7:10; 22:1, 3.)
New Catholic Encyclopedia imavomereza kuti: “Malemba ambiri a Chi[pangano] Cha[tsopano] amavumbula kuti mzimu wa Mulungu uli kanthu kena, osati munthu wina; zimenezi zikuwonedwa makamaka m’kufanana pakati pa mzimu ndi mphamvu ya Mulungu. (1967, Vol. XIII, p. 575) Imasimbanso kuti: “Otetezera chikhulupiriro [Olemba Chigiriki Achikristu a m’zaka za zana loyamba] analankhula mosatsimikizirika ponena za Mzimu; limodzi ndi kachiyembekezo pang’ono, munthu anganene kuti unalankhulidwa monga wosakhala munthu kwenikweni.”—Vol. XIV, p. 296.
Kodi Baibulo limavomerezana ndi awo amene amaphunzitsa kuti Atate ndi Mwana saali anthu osiyana ndi olekana?
Mat. 26:39: “[Yesu Kristu] anamuka patsogolo pang’ono nagwetsa nkhope yake pansi, napemphera, nati, Atate, ngati kutheka, chikho ichi chindipitirire ine; simonga ndifuna ine, koma inu.” (Ngati Atate ndi Mwana sanali anthu osiyana, pemphero lotero likanakhala lopanda tanthauzo. Yesu akanakhala akupemphera kwa iye mwini, ndipo moyenerera chifuniro chake chikanakhala chifuniro cha Atate wake.)
Yoh. 8:17, 18: “[Yesu anayankha Afarisi Achiyuda:] Kudalembedwa m’chilamulo chanu kuti umboni wa anthu aŵiri uli wowona. Ine ndine wakuchita umboni wa ine ndekha, ndipo Atate amene anandituma ine achita umboni wa ine.” (Motero, kwenikweni Yesu analankhula za iye mwini kukhala munthu wosiyana ndi wolekana ndi Atate.)
Wonaninso tsamba 421, 422, pamutu wakuti “Yehova.”
Kodi Baibulo limaphunzitsa kuti onse amene amanenedwa kukhala mbali ya Utatu ali amuyaya, palibe amene ali ndi chiyambi?
Akol. 1:15, 16: “Amene [Yesu Kristu] ali fanizo la Mulungu wosawonekayo, wobadwa woyamba wa chilengedwe chonse; pakuti mwa iye zinalengedwa zonse za m’mwamba, ndi zapadziko.” Kodi ndi m’lingaliro lotani m’limene Yesu Kristu ali “wobadwa woyamba wa chilengedwe chonse”? (1) Okhulupirira Utatu amanena kuti panopa mawu akuti “wobadwa woyamba” amatanthauza wamkulu, wolemekezeka koposa, wapadera koposa; motero Kristu akazindikiridwa kukhala, osati mbali ya chilengedwe, koma ngwapadera koposa pomuyerekezera ndi awo amene analengedwa. Ngati zimenezo ziri choncho, ndipo ngati chiphunzitso cha Utatu chiri chowona, kodi nchifukwa ninji Atate ndi mzimu woyera samanenedwanso kukhala wobadwa woyamba wa chilengedwe chonse? Koma Baibulo limatchula mawuwo kwa Mwana yekha. Mogwirizana ndi tanthauzo lozoloŵereka la “wobadwa woyamba,” limatanthauza kuti Yesu ali wamkulu koposa onse m’banja la ana aamuna a Yehova. (2) Tisanafike pa Akolose 1:15, liwu lakutilo “wobadwa woyamba” limawonekera nthaŵi zoposa 30 m’Baibulo, ndipo m’nthaŵi iriyonse pamene ligwiritsiridwa ntchito ku zolengedwa zamoyo limapereka tanthauzo limodzimodzilo—woyamba kubadwa ali mbali ya kagulu. “Woyamba kubadwa wa Israyeli” ali mmodzi wa ana a Israyeli; “woyamba kubadwa wa Farao” ali mmodzi wa banja la Farao; “oyamba kubadwa a zinyama” nawonso ndiwo zinyama. Pamenepa, kodi nchiyani chimene chimachititsa kuperekedwa kwa tanthauzo losiyana pa Akolose 1:15? Kodi ndiko kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwake ndi Baibulo kapena ndiko chikhulupiriro chimene iwo anali nacho kale ndi chimene anali kufunafunira umboni? (3) Kodi Akolose 1:16, 17 (RS) samaphatikiza Yesu pakukhala wolengedwa pamene amati “mwa iye zinalengedwa zonse . . . zinthu zonse zinalengedwa mwa iye ndi kwa iye”? Liwu Lachigiriki lomasuliridwa panopa kuti “zinthu zonse” ndiro panʹta, mpangidwe wa kumasuliridwa kwa pas. Pa Luka 13:2, RS limatembenuza liwuli kuti “aja . . . onse”; JB imati “ena alionse” NE imati “munthu wina aliyense.” (Wonaninso Luka 21:29 mu NE ndi Afilipi 2:21 mu JB.) Mogwirizana ndi kanthu kena kalikonse kamene Baibulo limanena ponena za Mwanayo, NW limapereka tanthauzo lofananalo kumawu akuti panʹta a pa Akolose 1:16, 17 kotero kuti, mwapang’ono amati “kupyolera mwa iye zinthu zina zonse zinalengedwa . . . Zinthu zina zonse zalengedwa kupyolera mwa iye ndi kwa iye.” Motero iye wasonyezedwa kukhala chamoyo cholengedwa, mbali yachilengedwe cholengedwa ndi Mulungu.
Chiv. 1:1; 3:14, RS: “Chivumbulutso cha Yesu Kristu, chimene Mulungu anampatsa . . . ‘Ndipo kwa mngelo watchalitchi m’Laodikaya lemba: “Mawu a Amen, mboni yokhulupirika ndi yowona, woyamba [Chigiriki, ar·kheʹ] wa chilengedwe cha Mulungu.”’” (KJ, Dy, CC, ndi NW, ndi enanso, ali ndi mawu ofanana.) Kodi mamasuliridwe amenewo ngolondola? Ena ali ndi lingaliro lakuti chimene chikutanthauzidwa nchakuti Mwanayo anali ‘woyambitsa chilengedwe cha Mulungu,’ kuti iye anali ‘magwero ake enieni.’ Koma Greek-English Lexicon ya Liddell ndi Scott imalemba “chiyambi” kukhala tanthauzo lake loyamba la ar·kheʹ. (Oxford, 1968, p. 252) Kunena kwanzeru nkwakuti munthu wogwidwa mawu pa Chivumbulutso 3:14 ali cholengedwa, choyamba cha zolengedwa za Mulungu, kuti iye anali nacho chiyambi. Yerekezerani ndi Miyambo 8:22, kumene, monga momwe ochitira ndemanga Baibulo ambiri akuvomerezera, Mwanayo akutchulidwa monga nzeru yonenedwa monga munthu. Mogwirizana ndi kunena kwa RS, NE, ndi JB, wolankhula pamenepo akunenedwa kuti “analengedwa.”)
Mwaulosi, wonena za Mesiya, Mika 5:2 (KJ) amanena kuti “matulukiro ake ndiwo akale lomwe kuyambira nthaŵi yosayamba.” Dy imati: “Kutuluka kwake kukuchokera pachiyambi, kuchokera pa masiku a muyaya.” Kodi zimenezi zimampangitsa kukhala wofanana ndi Mulungu? Kuli kokondweretsa kuwona kuti, mmalo mwa kunena kuti “masiku a muyaya,” RS imatembenuza Chihebricho kukhala “masiku akalekale”; JB, “masiku amakedzana”; NW, “masiku a nthaŵi yosadziŵika.” Atawonedwa mwalingaliro la Chivumbulutso 3:14, wokambitsiridwa pamwambapa, Mika 5:2 samatsimikizira kuti Yesu analibe chiyambi.
Kodi Baibulo limaphunzitsa kuti palibe aliyense wonenedwa kukhala mbali ya Utatu ali wokulirapo kapena wocheperapo kwa mnzake, kuti onse ngofanana, kuti onse ngamphamvuyonse?
Marko 13:32: “Za tsikulo kapena nthaŵi yake sadziŵa munthu, ngakhale angelo m’mwamba, ngakhale Mwana, koma Atate yekha.” (Ndithudi, zimenezo sizikanakhala choncho ngati Atateyo, Mwana, ndi Mzimu Woyera anali ofanana, opanga Mulungu mmodzi. Ndipo ngati, Mwanayo anapereŵera chifukwa cha mpangidwe wake waumunthu, monga momwe ena avomerezera, funso liripobe lakuti, Kodi nchifukwa ninji Mzimu Woyera sunadziŵe?)
Mat. 20:20-23: “Amake a ana a Zebedayo . . . ananena [kwa Yesu], Lamulirani kuti ana anga aŵiri amenewa adzakhale, wina kudzanja lanu lamanja, ndi wina kulamanzere, mu ufumu wanu. Koma Yesu anayankha nati, . . . Chikho changa mudzamweradi; koma kukhala kudzanja lamanja kwanga ndi kulamanzere sikuli kwanga kupatsa, koma kuli kwa iwo omwe kwakonzedweratu ndi Atate wanga.” (Nkwachilendo kwambiri chotani nanga, ngati, monga momwe kwanenedwera, Yesu ali Mulungu! Kodi Yesu panopa anali kuyankha kokha mogwirizana ndi ‘mpangidwe wake waumunthu’? Ngati, monga momwe Okhulupirira Utatu amanenera, Yesu analidi “Mulungu munthu”—ponse paŵiri Mulungu ndi munthu, osati mbali imodzi kapena inayo—kodi kungakhaledi kogwirizana kuti iye apereke malongosoledwe otero? Kodi mmalo mwake Mateyu 20:23 samasonyeza kuti Mwana saali wolingana ndi Atate, kuti Atate wadzisungira ukumu wina kwa iye yekha?)
Mat. 12:31, 32: “Machimo onse, ndi zonena zonse zamwano, zidzakhululukidwa kwa anthu; koma chamwano cha pa Mzimu Woyera sichidzakhululukidwa. Ndipo amene aliyense anganenere Mwana wa munthu zoipa, adzakhululukidwa; koma amene aliyense anganenere Mzimu Woyera zoipa sadzakhululukidwa nthaŵi ino kapena irinkudzayo.” (Ngati Mzimu Woyera unali munthu ndipo unali Mulungu, lembali likatsutsiratu chiphunzitso cha Utatu, chifukwa chakuti kukanatanthauza kuti mwanjira ina yake Mzimu woyera unali wokulirapo kuposa Mwana. Mmalo mwake chimene Yesu adanena chimasonyeza kuti Atate amene ali mwini “Mzimu,” ngwokulirapo kuposa Yesu, Mwana wa munthu.)
Yoh. 14:28: “[Yesu anati:] Mukadandikonda ine, mukadakondwera kuti ndipita kwa Atate; pakuti Atate ali wamkulu ndi ine.”
1 Akor. 11:3: “Ndifuna kuti mudziŵe, kuti mutu wa munthu yense ndiye Kristu; ndi mutu wa mkazi ndiye mwamuna; ndipo mutu wa Kristu ndiye Mulungu.” (Pamenepa, mwachiwonekere, Kristu saali Mulungu, ndipo Mulungu ngwapamwamba kwa Kristu. Kuyenera kudziŵika kuti mawuŵa analembedwa pafupifupi 55 C.E., zaka zokwanira 22 pambuyo pa kubwerera kwa Yesu kumwamba. Chotero chowonadi cholongosoledwa panopa chikugwira ntchito ku unansi wa pakati pa Mulungu ndi Kristu kumwamba.)
1 Akor. 15:27, 28: “Iye [Mulungu] anagonjetsa zonse pansi pa mapazi ake [a Yesu]. Koma pamene anena kuti zonse zagonjetsedwa, kuzindikirika kuti saŵerengapo iye amene anagonjetsa zonsezo kwa iye. Ndipo pamene zonsezo zagonjetsedwa kwa iye, pomwepo Mwana yemwe adzagonjetsedwa kwa iye amene anamgonjetsera zinthu zonse, kuti Mulungu akhale zonse m’zonse.”
Liwu Lachihebri la Shad·daiʹ ndi liwu Lachigiriki Pan·to·kraʹtor onse aŵiriwa atembenuzidwa kukhala “Wamphamvuyonse.” Mawu onse aŵiriwa a chinenero choyambirira agwiritsiridwa ntchito mobwerezabwereza kwa Yehova, Atateyo. (Eks. 6:3; Chiv. 19:6) Palibe alionse amawuwo amene anagwiritsiridwa ntchito kaya kwa Mwana kapena mzimu woyera.
Kodi Baibulo limaphunzitsa kuti aliyense wonenedwa kukhala mbali ya Utatu ali Mulungu?
Yesu anati m’pemphero: “Atate, . . . moyo wosatha ndi uwu, kuti akadziŵe inu Mulungu wowona yekha, ndi Yesu Kristu amene munamtuma.” (Yoh. 17:1-3, kanyenye wawonjezeredwa.) (Panopa matembenuzidwe ambiri amagwiritsira ntchito “Mulungu wowona yekha” kutanthauza Atate. NE limanena kuti “inu nokha mulidi Mulungu wowona.” Iye sangakhale “Mulungu yekha,” iye “amene iye yekha [alidi] Mulungu wowona,” Ngati pali ena aŵiri amene ali Mulungu kumlingo wofanana naye, kodi angatero? Ena onse otchulidwa kukhala “milungu” ayenera kukhala kaya onyenga kapena chisonyezero chokha cha Mulungu wowona.)
1 Akor. 8:5, 6: “Ngakhalenso iriko yoti yonenedwa milungu, kapena m’mwamba, kapena padziko lapansi, monga iriko milungu yambiri, ndi ambuye ambiri; koma kwa ife kuli Mulungu mmodzi, Atate amene zinthu zonse zichokera kwa iye, ndi ife kufikira kwa iye, ndi Ambuye mmodzi Yesu Kristu, amene zinthu zonse ziri mwa Iye ndi ife mwa Iye.” (Zimenezi zikuvumbula Atate kukhala Mulungu mmodziyo wa Akristu wokhala m’kagulu kosafanana ndi ka Yesu Kristu.)
1 Pet. 1:3: “Wodalitsika Mulungu ndiye Atate wa Ambuye wathu Yesu Kristu.” (Mobwerezabwereza ngakhale pambuyo pa kukwera kwa Yesu kumwamba, Malemba amatchula Atate kukhala “Mulungu” wa Yesu Kristu. Pa Yohane 20:17, pambuyo pa chiukiriro cha Yesu, iyemwini analankhula za Atate kukhala “Mulungu wanga.” Pambuyo pake, pamene anali kumwamba, monga momwe kwalembedwera pa Chivumbulutso 3:12, iye kachiŵirinso anagwiritsira ntchito mawu ofananawo. Atate samasimbidwa konse m’Baibulo kukhala akunena kwa Mwana kukhala “Mulungu wanga,” ndiponso Atate kapena Mwana samatchula mzimu woyera kukhala “Mulungu wanga.”)
Kaamba ka ndemanga pamalemba ogwiritsiridwa ntchito ndi ena kuyesayesa kutsimikizira kuti Kristu ndi Mulungu, wonani tsamba 426-430, pamutu wakuti “Yesu Kristu.”
Mu Theological Investigations, Karl Rahner, S.J., akuvomereza kuti: “Θεός [Mulungu] silikugwiritsiridwabe ntchito konse kukhala Mzimu,” ndipo: “ὁ θεός [kwenikweni, Mulungu] silimagwiritsiridwa ntchito konse m’Chipangano Chatsopano kulankhula za πνεῦμα ἅγιον [mzimu woyera].”—(Baltimore, Md.; 1961), lotembenuzidwa kuchokera m’Chijeremani, Vol. I, pp. 138, 143.
Kodi alionse a malemba ogwiritsiridwa ntchito ndi Okhulupirira Utatu kuchirikizira chikhulupiriro chawo amapereka maziko olimba a chiphunzitsocho?
Munthu amene afunadi kudziŵa chowonadi chonena za Mulungu sadzasanthula Baibulo akuyembekezera kupezamo lemba limene angapotoze kuti liyenerane ndi zimene amakhulupirira kale. Iye amafuna kudziŵa chimene Mawu a Mulungu mwini amanena. Iye angapeze malemba ena amene akuwalingalira kuti angapereke tanthauzo loposa limodzi ataŵerengedwa, koma pamene ameneŵa ayerekezeredwa ndi mawu ena Abaibulo pankhani imodzimodziyo tanthauzo lawo lidzakhala lomvekera bwino. Kuyenera kudziŵika pachiyambi kuti malemba ambiri ogwiritsiridwa ntchito monga “umboni” wa Utatu kwenikweni amatchula anthu aŵiri okha, osati atatu; chotero ngakhale ngati malongosoledwe a malemba a okhulupirira Utatu anali olondola, ameneŵa sakatsimizira kuti Baibulo limaphunzitsa Utatu. Talingalirani zotsatirazi:
(Kusiyapo ngati kwasonyezedwa m’njira ina, malemba onse ogwidwa m’chagawo chotsatirachi achokera mu Union Nyanja Version.)
Malemba amene dzina laulemu la Yehova limagwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa Yesu Kristu kapena likunenedwa kugwira ntchito kwa Yesu
Alefa ndi Omega: Kodi moyenerera dzina laulemu iri nlayani? (1) Pa Chivumbulutso 1:8, mwiniyo akunenedwa kukhala Mulungu, Wamphamvuyonse. M’vesi 11 mogwirizana ndi kunena kwa KJ, dzinalo likugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa munthu amene malongosoledwe apambuyo pake amamsonyeza kukhala Yesu Kristu. Koma akatswiri amawona kutchulidwa kwa Alefa ndi Omega m’vesi la 11 kukhala konyenga, ndipo chotero sikumawonekera mu RS, NE, JB, NAB, Dy. (2) Matembenuzidwe ambiri a Chivumbulutso m’Chihebri amavomereza kuti munthu wolongosoledwa m’vesi 8 ndiye Yehova, ndipo chotero amabwezeretsa dzina lenileni la Mulungu pamalowo. Wonani NW, kope la 1984 la Malifarensi. (3) Chivumbulutso 21:6, 7 chimasonyeza kuti Akristu amene ali ogonjetsa mwauzimu adzakhala ‘ana’ a iye wodziŵika monga Alefa ndi Omega. Zimenezo sizimanenedwa konse ponena za unansi wa Akristu odzozedwa ndi mzimu ndi Yesu Kristu. Yesu analankhula za iwo kukhala ‘abale’ ake. (Aheb. 2:11; Mat. 12:50; 25:40) Koma ‘abale’ a Yesu amenewo amatchulidwa kukhala “ana a Mulungu.” (Agal. 3:26; 4:6) (4) Pa Chivumbulutso 22:12, TEV amaika dzina la Yesu, chotero kutchulidwa kwa Alefa ndi Omega m’vesi 13 kumachititsidwa kuwonekera kukhala kukusonya kwa iye. Koma dzina la Yesu silimawonekerapo m’Chigiriki, ndipo matembenuzidwe ena samaliphatikizamo. (5) Pa Chivumbulutso 22:13, Alefa ndi Omega akunenedwanso kukhala “woyamba ndi wotsiriza,” mawu amene amagwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa Yesu pa Chivumbulutso 1:17, 18. Mofananamo, mawu akuti “mtumwi” amagwiritsiridwa ntchito ponse paŵiri kwa Yesu Kristu ndi kwa ena a otsatira ake. Koma zimenezo sizimatsimikizira kuti ali anthu amodzimodzi kapena ali m’kagulu kaukumu kolingana, kodi zimatero? (Aheb. 3:1) Chotero umboni umasonyeza ku mfundo yakuti dzina laulemu lakuti “Alefa ndi Omega” limasonya kwa Mulungu Wamphamvuyonse, Atate, osati Mwana.
Mpulumutsi: Malemba amasonya mobwerezabwereza kwa Mulungu kukhala Mpulumutsi. Pa Yesaya 43:11 kwenikweni Mulungu amati: “Palibe mpulumutsi, koma ine ndekha.” Popeza Yesu akutchulidwanso kukhala Mpulumutsi, kodi Mulungu ndi Yesu ali amodzimodzi? Kutalitali. Tito 1:3, 4 amalankhula za “Mpulumutsi wathu Mulungu,” Chotero, anthu onse aŵiriŵa ali apulumutsi. Yuda 25 amasonyeza unansiwo kumati: “Mulungu wa yekha Mpulumutsi wathu, mwa Yesu Kristu ambuye wathu.” (Kanyenye wawonjezeredwa.) (Wonaninso Machitidwe 13:23.) Pa Oweruza 3:9 liwu Lachihebri limodzimodzilo (moh·shiʹa‛, lomasuliridwa “mpulumutsi” kapena “muwomboli”) logwiritsiridwa ntchito pa Yesaya 43:11 linasonya kwa Otiniyeli woweruza mu Israyeli, koma ndithudi zimenezo sizinapange Otiniyeli kukhala Yehova, kodi zinatero? Kuŵerengedwa kwa Yesaya 43:1-12 kumasonyeza kuti vesi 11 limatanthauza kuti Yehova yekha ndiye Uyo amene anapereka chipulumutso, kapena chilanditso kwa Israyeli; chipulumutso chimenecho sichinachokera kwa milungu iriyonse ya mitundu yowazungulira.
Mulungu: Pa Yesaya 43:10 Yehova amati: “Ndisanakhale ine panalibe mulungu wolengedwa, ngakhale pambuyo panga sipadzakhala wina.” Kodi zimenezi zitanthauza kuti, chifukwa chakuti Yesu Kristu akutchedwa “Mulungu wamphamvu” mu ulosi pa Yesaya 9:6, Yesu ayenera kukhala Yehova? Kachiŵirinso mawu apatsogolo ndi apambuyo akuyankha kuti, Ayi. Palibe umodzi wa mitundu Yachikunja yolambira mafano inapanga mulungu Yehova asanakhaleko, chifukwa chakuti kunalibe mmodzi amene analiko Yehova asanakhaleko. Ndiponso m’nthaŵi yamtsogolo iwo sakapanga mulungu weniweni, aliyense wamoyo amene anali wokhoza kulosera. (Yes. 46:9, 10) Koma zimenezo sizitanthauza kuti Yehova sanachititse konse kukhalapo kwa aliyense amene moyenerera angatchulidwe kuti mulungu. (Sal. 82:1, 6; Yoh. 1:1, NW) Pa Yesaya 10:21 Yehova akutchulidwa kukhala “Mulungu wamphamvu,” monga momwedi Yesu akutchulidwira mu Yesaya 9:6; koma Yehova yekha amatchedwa “Mulungu Wamphamvuyonse.”—Gen. 17:1.
Ngati dzina lina laulemu kapena mawu apezedwa mmalo oposa amodzi m’Malemba, sikuyenera kugamulidwa msanga kuti nthaŵi zonse ayenera kusonya kwa munthu mmodzimodziyo. Kulingalira kotero kukachititsa kunena kuti Nebukadinezara anali Yesu Kristu chifukwa chakuti onse aŵiri anatchedwa “mfumu ya mafumu.” (Dan. 2:37; Chiv. 17:14); ndi kuti ophunzira a Yesu nawonso anali Yesu Kristu, chifukwa chakuti onse aŵiri anali kutchedwa “kuunika kwa dziko.” (Mat. 5:14; Yoh. 8:12) Ife nthaŵi zonse tiyenera kupenda mawu apatsogolo ndi pambuyo ndi mikhalidwe ina iriyonse m’Baibulo kumene mawu ofananawo amawonekera.
Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa Yesu Kristu ndi olemba Baibulo ouziridwa kwa mbali za Malemba Achihebri zimene kwenikweni zimagwira ntchito kwa Yehova
Kodi nchifukwa ninji Yohane 1:23 amagwira mawu Yesaya 40:3 ndi kumgwiritsira ntchito ku zimene Yohane Mbatizi anachita pokonzera Yesu Kristu njira, pamene Yesaya 40:3 akufotokoza momvekera bwino kukonzera njira Yehova? Chifukwa chakuti Yesu anaimira Atate wake. Anadza m’dzina la Atate wake, ndipo anali ndi chitsimikiziro chakuti Atate wake nthaŵi zonse anali naye chifukwa chakuti anachita zinthu zokondweretsa Atate wake.—Yoh. 5:43; 8:29.
Kodi nchifukwa ninji Ahebri 1:10-12 amagwira mawu Salmo 102:25-27 ndi kuligwiritsira ntchito kwa Mwana, pamene kuli kwakuti salmolo limanena kuti lalunjikitsidwa kwa Mulungu? Chifukwa chakuti Mulungu anachita ntchito za kulenga zolongosoledwa pamenepo ndi wamasalmo kupyolera mwa Mwana. (Wonani Akolose 1:15, 16; Miyambo 8:22, 27-30.) Kuyenera kuwonedwa kuti m’Ahebri 1:5b mawu agwidwa kuchokera mu 2 Samueli 7:14 ndi kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa Mwana wa Mulungu. Ngakhale kuli kwakuti poyamba lembalo linagwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa Solomo, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake kwa Yesu pambuyo pake sikumatanthauza kuti Solomo ndi Yesu ali mmodzimodziyo. Yesu ali “wamkulu koposa Solomo” ndipo akuchita ntchito yophiphiritsiridwa ndi Solomo.—Luka 11:31.
Malemba amene amatchula onse pamodzi Atate, Mwana, ndi Mzimu Woyera
Mateyu 28:19 ndi 2 Akorinto 13:14 ndiwo zitsanzo zake. Palibe limodzi la malemba ameneŵa limene limanena kuti Atate, Mwana ndi Mzimu Woyera ngofanana kapena ngamuyaya mofanana kapena kuti onse ali Mulungu. Umboni Wamalemba umene waperekedwa kale patsamba 394-398 umatsutsa kuika malingaliro otero m’malemba.
Ngakhale kuli kwakuti Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological, and Ecclesiastical Literature ya McClintock ndi Strong, imachirikiza chiphunzitso cha Utatu, imavomereza ponena za Mateyu 28:18-20 kuti: “Komabe, lemba limeneli, mwa iro lokha, silikatsimikizira kotheratu umunthu wa anthu atatu otchulidwa, kapena kulingana kapena umulungu.” (Kusindikizidwanso kwa 1981, Vol. X, p. 552) Ponena za malemba ena amene amatchulanso atatu pamodzi, Cyclopedia imeneyi ikuvomereza kuti, atalingaliridwa mwa iwo okha, ali “osakwanira” kutsimikizira Utatu. (Yerekezerani ndi 1 Timoteo 5:21, kumene Mulungu ndi Kristu ndi angelo akutchulidwira pamodzi.)
Malemba amene mpangidwe wa zochuluka wa maina wagwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa Mulungu m’Malemba Achihebri
Pa Genesis 1:1 dzina la ulemu lakuti “Mulungu” latembenuzidwa kuchokera ku ’Elo·himʹ, limene liri mpangidwe wa zochuluka m’Chihebri. Okhulupirira Utatu amatanthauzira zimenezi kukhala chisonyezero cha Utatu. Iwo amalongosolanso Deuteronomo 6:4 kutanthauza chigwirizano cha ziŵalo za Utatu pamene limati, “AMBUYE Mulungu [kuchokera ku ’Elo·himʹ] wathu ndiye AMBUYE mmodzi.”
Panopa mpangidwe wa zochuluka m’Chihebri wa dzinali ndiwo kuchuluka kwa kulemekeza kapena ulemu. (Wonani NAB, Kope la St. Joseph, Dikishonale la Baibulo, p. 330; ndiponso, New Catholic Encyclopedia, 1967, Vol. V, p. 287.) Silimapereka konse lingaliro la kuchuluka kwa anthu mkati mwa mutu wa Mulungu. M’njira yofananayo, pa Oweruza 16:23 pamene patchulidwa za Mulungu wonyenga Dagoni, mpangidwe wa dzina laulemu lakuti ’elo·himʹ wagwiritsiridwa ntchito; m’neni wophatikizidwa ngwachinthu chimodzi, kusonyeza kuti amene akunenedwa ndiye Mulungu mmodzi yekha. Pa Genesis 42:30, Yosefe akunenedwa kukhala “ambuye” (’adho·nehʹ, mpangidwe wa zochuluka wa kulemekeza) wa ku Igupto.
Chinenero Chachigiriki chiribe ‘mpangidwe wa zochuluka wa kulemekeza kapena ulemu.’ Chotero, pa Genesis 1:1, otembenuza LXX anagwiritsira ntchito ho The·osʹ (Mulungu, mmodzi) kukhala wofanana ndi ’Elo·himʹ. Pa Marko 12:29, kumene yankho la Yesu likutulutsidwanso m’limene anagwira mawu Deuteronomo 6:4, mofananamo liwu Lachigiriki losonyeza chinthu chimodzi la ho The·osʹ lagwiritsiridwa ntchito.
Pa Deuteronomo 6:4, lemba Lachihebri liri ndi Tetragrammaton nthaŵi ziŵiri, ndipo chotero moyenerera kwambiri lingaŵerengedwe motere: “Yehova Mulungu wathu ndiye Yehova mmodzi.” (NW) Mtundu wa Israyeli umene unanenedwera mawuwo, sunakhulupirire Utatu. Ababulo ndi Aigupto analambira milungu ya utatu, koma kunamveketsedwa bwino kwa Israyeli kuti Yehova ngwosiyana.
Malemba amene munthu angapezeko tanthauzo loposa limodzi, modalira pamatembenuzidwe a Baibulo ogwiritsiridwa ntchito
Ngati mogwirizana ndi gramala ndime ingatembenuzidwe m’njira yoposa imodzi, kodi mamasuliridwe olondola amakhala ati? Aja amene ali ogwirizana ndi mbali yonse ya Baibulo. Ngati munthu anyalanyaza mbali zina za Baibulo namanga chikhulupiriro chake pamamasuliridwe amene iye amawakonda pavesi lakutilakuti, pamenepo zimene iye amakhulupirira zimasonyeza, osati Mawu a Mulungu, koma kwenikweni malingaliro ake ndipo mwinamwake a munthu wina wopanda ungwiro.
RS imati: “Pachiyambi panali Mawu, ndipo Mawu anali ndi Mulungu, ndipo Mawuwo anali Mulungu. Iye pachiyambipo anali ndi Mulungu.” (KJ, Dy, JB, NAB amagwiritsira ntchito mawu ofanana.) Komabe, NW imati: “Pachiyambi panali Mawu, ndipo Mawuyo anali ndi Mulungu, ndipo Mawuyo anali mulungu. Ameneyu anali pachiyambi ndi Mulungu.”
Kodi ndimatembenuzidwe otani a Yohane 1:1, 2 amene amavomerezana ndi mawu apatsogolo ndi apambuyo? Yohane 1:18 amati: “Kulibe munthu anawona Mulungu panthaŵi zonse.” Vesi 14 limanena momvekera bwino kuti “Mawu anasandulika thupi, nakhazikika pakati pa ife . . . tinawona ulemerero wake.” Ndiponso, vesi 1, 2 imanena kuti pachiyambi iye anali “ndi Mulungu.” Kodi munthu angakhale ndi munthu wina ndipo panthaŵi imodzimodziyo kukhala munthu yemweyo? Pa Yohane 17:3, Yesu anatcha Atate kukhala “Mulungu wowona yekha”; chotero, Yesu monga “mulungu” amangosonyeza kokha mikhalidwe yaumulungu ya Atate wake.—Aheb. 1:3.
Kodi kutembenuza kuti “mulungu” nkogwirizana ndi malamulo a gramala Yachigiriki? Anazonse ena akutsutsa mwamphamvu kuti lemba Lachigiriki liyenera kutembenuzidwa, kukhala “Mawuwo anali Mulungu.” Koma sionse amene akuvomereza. M’nkhani yake yakuti “Mawu Oyamba Ofotokoza Motsimikizira Kuyenera kwa Mkhalidwe Wosasinthika wa Chinthu: Marko 15:39 ndi Yohane 1:1,” Philip B. Harner ananena kuti zigawo za mawu zoterozo zonga chija cha pa Yohane 1:1, “zokhala ndi kachigawo ka mawu osasinthika okhala patsogolo pa mneni, ali kwakukulukulu oyeneretsa m’tanthauzo. Amasonyeza kuti logos ali ndi mkhalidwe wa theos.” Iye akupereka lingaliro lakuti: “Mwinamwake chigawo chamawuwo chikanatembenuzidwa kuti, ‘Mawu anali ndi mkhalidwe umodzimodzi ndi Mulungu.’” (Journal of Biblical Literature, 1973, pp. 85, 87) Chotero, m’lembali, chenicheni chakuti mawuwo the·osʹ m’kuwonekera kwake kwachiŵiri ali opanda mkhalidwe wotsimikiziritsa (ho) ndipo aikidwa pambuyo pa mneni m’chiganizo cha mawu Achigiriki ngwodziŵika. Mokondweretsa, otembenuza amene amaumirira kutembenuza Yohane 1:1, kuti “Mawuwo anali Mulungu,” samadodoma kugwiritsira ntchito kalembedwe kosonyeza mkhalidwe (a, an, m’Chingelezi) m’kutembenuza kwawo mbali zina zimene mawu oyamba amodzi ofotokoza mosasintha mkhalidwe wa chinthu akuwonekera pambuyo pa mneni. Chotero pa Yohane 6:70, JB ndi KJ onse aŵiri amasonya kwa Yudase Iskariote kukhala “mdyerekezi, [“a devil,” m’Chingelezi]” ndipo pa Yohane 9:17 amafotokoza Yesu kukhala “mneneri [“a prophet,” m’Chingelezi].”
M’Dictionary of the Bible John J. McKenzie, S.J., akuti: “Jn 1:1 ayenera kwenikweni kutembenuzidwa kuti ‘mawuyo anali ndi Mulungu [=Atate], ndipo mawuyo anali chamoyo chaumulungu.’”—(Mabokosi ndiake. Lofalitsidwa ndi kusindikizidwa popanda chiletso.) (New York, 1965), p. 317.
Mogwirizana ndi zapamwambapazi, AT imati: “Mawuyo anali waumulungu”; Mo, “Logos anali waumulungu”; NTIV, “mawuyo anali mulungu.” M’matembenuzidwe ake Achijeremani Ludwig Thimme akumasulira motere: “mawuyo anali Mulungu wa mtundu wina wa Mulungu.” Kulankhula za Mawuyo (amene anadzakhala Yesu Kristu) kukhala “mulungu” kuli kogwirizana ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa mawu amenewo m’Malemba onse. Mwachitsanzo, pa Salmo 82:1-6 oweruza a umunthu mu Israyeli ananenedwa kukhala “milungu” (Chihebri, ’elo·himʹ; Chigiriki, the·oiʹ, pa Yohane 10:34) chifukwa chakuti anali oimira Yehova ndipo anayenera kulankhula chilamulo chake.
Wonaninso zowonjezereka za NW, kope la 1984 la Malifarensi, p. 1579.
RS imati: “Yesu anati kwa iwo ‘Indetu, indetu, ndinena kwa inu, Abrahamu asanakhale, ine (Chigiriki, e·goʹ ei·miʹ] ndinaliko.’” (NE, KJ, TEV, JB, NAB onse amati “ndine,” ena amagwiritsiradi ntchito zilemba zazikulu kupereka lingaliro la dzina laulemu. Motero amayesayesa kugwirizanitsa mawuwo ndi Eksodo 3:14, kumene mogwirizana ndi kumasulira kwawo, Mulungu amalankhula kwa iyemwini mwa dzina laulemu lakuti “Ndine.”) Komabe, mbali yotsirizira ya Yohane 8:58 imati mu NW “Abrahamu asanakhaleko, ine ndinaliko.” (Lingaliro limodzimodzilo likuperekedwa ndi mawu opezeka mu AT, Mo, CBW, ndi SE.)
Kodi ndikumasulira kuti kumene kumavomerezana ndi mawu apatsogolo ndi pambuyo? Funso la Ayuda (Vesi 57) limene Yesu anali kuyankha linali la msinkhu, osati dzina. Mwachiwonekere yankho la Yesu linali la msinkhu wake, nthaŵi ya kukhalako kwake. Mokondweretsa, palibe kuyesayesa kumene kukupangidwa kwakugwiritsira ntchito e·goʹ ei·miʹ kukhala dzina laulemu la mzimu woyera.
A Grammar of the Greek New Testament in the Light of Historical Research, lolembedwa ndi A. T. Robertson limati: “Nthaŵi zina mneni [ei·miʹ] . . . amasonya ku kukhalako monga chigomeko mofanana ndi mneni wina aliyense, monga mu [e·goʹ ei·miʹ] (Jo. 8:58).”—Nashville, Tenn.; 1934, p. 394.
Wonaninso zowonjezeredwa za NW, kope la Malifarensi la 1984, pp. 1582, 1583.
JB imati: “Dzichenjerereni nokha ndi gulu lonse pa limene Mzimu Woyera wakupangani kukhala oyang’anira, kudyetsa Tchalitchi cha Mulungu chimene anagula ndi mwazi wake.” (KJ, Dy, NAB amagwiritsira ntchito mawu ofanana.) Komabe, mu NW mbali yotsirizira ya vesili imati: “Mwazi wa [Mwana] wake.” (TEV iri ndi mawu ofanana. Ngakhale kuli kwakuti kusindikiza kwa 1953 kwa RS kuli ndi mawu akuti “ndi mwazi wa iye mwini,” kope la 1971 limati “ndi mwazi wa Mwana wa iye yekha.” Ro ndi Da amangoti “mwazi wa iye mwini.”)
Kodi ndimatembenuzidwe ati amene amavomerezana ndi 1 Yohane 1:7 limene limati: “Mwazi wa Yesu Mwana wake [wa Mulungu] utisambitsa kutichotsera uchimo wonse?” (Wonaninso Chivumbulutso 1:4-6.) Monga momwe kwalongosoledwera m’Yohane 3:16, kodi Mulungu ndiye amene anatuma Mwana wake wobadwa yekha, kapena kodi iye mwini anadza monga munthu, kotero kuti ife tikakhale ndi moyo? Unali mwazi wa Mwana wake, osati wa Mulungu, umene unatsanuliridwa.
Wonaninso zowonjezeredwa za NW m’kope la Malifarensi la 1984, p. 1580.
JB imati: “Iwo ali mbadwa za makolo akale ndipo kuchokera m’thupi lawo ndi mwazi munadza Kristu amene ali pamwamba pa onse, Mulungu adalitsike kunthaŵi zonse! Amen.” (KJ, Dy ali ndi mawu ofanana.) Komabe, mu NW mbali yotsirizira ya vesili imati: “Kwa amene Kristu anabadwa mwakuthupi: Mulungu, amene ali pamwamba pa zonse, adalitsike kunthaŵi zonse. Amen.” (RS, NE, TEV, NAB, Mo onse amagwiritsira ntchito mawu ofanana ndi a NW.)
Kodi vesi iri likunena kuti Kristu ali “pamwamba pa zonse” ndi kuti chifukwa chake iye ali Mulungu? Kapena kuti likusonya kwa Mulungu ndi Kristu monga anthu osiyana ndi kunena kuti Mulungu ali “pamwamba pa zonse”? Kodi ndimatembenuzidwe ati a Aroma 9:5 amene amavomerezana ndi Aroma 15:5, 6, amene choyamba amasiyanitsa Mulungu ndi Yesu Kristu ndiyeno kulimbikitsa woŵerenga “kulemekeza Mulungu ndi Atate wa Ambuye ŵathu Yesu Kristu”? (Wonaninso 2 Akorinto 1:3 ndi Aefeso 1:3.) Talingalirani zimene zimatsatira mu Aroma chaputala 9. Mavesi 6-13 amasonyeza kuti kuchitidwa kwa chifuno cha Mulungu kumadalira osati pa choloŵa chakuthupi koma pa chifuniro cha Mulungu. Mavesi 14-18 amatchula uthenga wa Mulungu kwa Farao, monga momwe walembedwera pa Eksodo 9:16, kugogomezera chenicheni chakuti Mulungu ali pamwamba pa zonse. M’mavesi 19-24 ukulu wa Mulungu ukufotokozedwanso mwa fanizo m’mawu ofanana ndi woumba ndi zotengera za dothi zimene amapanga. Pamenepa, nkoyenerera chotani nanga mmene kuliri, kuti m’vesi 5, muli mawu akutiwo: “Mulungu, amene ali pamwamba pa zonse adalitsike kosatha. Amen”!—NW.
The New International Dictionary of New Testament Theology imati: “Aroma 9:5 akukanganiridwa. . . . Kukakhala kosavuta, ndi kotheka kotheratu mogwirizana ndi gramala kuti mawuwo asonye kwa Kristu. Pamenepo vesilo likanati, ‘Kristu amene ali Mulungu wa zonse, adalitsike kosatha. Amen.’ Ngakhale zitatero, Kristu sakakhala wolingana kotheratu ndi Mulungu, koma kulongosoledwa kokha kukhala cholengedwa chaumulungu, chifukwa chakuti liwu la kuti theos liribe mfotokozi. . . . Chikaikiro chokha chachikulu m’kalongosoledweko nchakuti mawuwo ali chitamando cholunjikitsidwa kwa Mulungu.”—(Grand Rapids, Mich.; 1976), lotembenuzidwa kuchokera m’Chijeremani, Vol. 2, p. 80.
Wonaninso zowonjezeredwa za NW, kope la 1984 la Malifarensi, pp. 1580, 1581.
KJ imati: “Lolani maganizo aŵa kukhala mwa inu amene analinso mwa Kristu Yesu; Amene, pokhala mu mpangidwe wa Mulungu, sanakulingalire kulanda kukhala wofanana ndi Mulungu.” (Dy ali ndi mawu ofanana. JB imati: “Iye sanakalimire kukhala wofanana ndi Mulungu.”) Komabe, mu NW mbali yotsirizira ya mavesiwo imati: “Amene, ngakhale kuli kwakuti anali kukhala mumpangidwe wa Mulungu, sanalingalire kulanda [Chigiriki, har·pag·monʹ], ndiko kuti, kuti iye ayenera kukhala wolingana ndi Mulungu.” (RS, NE, TEV, NAB akupereka lingaliro lofananalo.)
Kodi ndilingaliro liti limene likugwirizana ndi mawu apatsogolo ndi apambuyo? Vesi 5 likupereka uphungu kwa Akristu kutsanzira Kristu m’nkhani imene ikukambitsiridwa pano. Kodi iwo angalimbikitsidwe kukulingalira kukhala “kusalanda,” koma kowayenerera, “kukhala ofanana ndi Mulungu”? Kutalitali! Komabe, iwo angathe kutsanzira munthu amene “sanalingalire kulanda, ndiko kuti, kuti iye ayenera kukhala wolingana ndi Mulungu.” (NW) (Yerekezerani ndi Genesis 3:5.) Matembenuzidwe otere alinso ovomerezana ndi Yesu Kristu mwiniyo, amene anati: “Atate ali wamkulu ndi ine.”—Yoh. 14:28.
The Expositor’s Greek Testament imati: “Sitingathe kupeza vesi lirilonse kumene [har·paʹzo] kapena alionse a matembenuzidwe ake [kuphatikizapo har·pag·monʹ] kumene ali ndi lingaliro la ‘kukhala mwini,’ ‘wosunga’. Nthaŵi zonse kumawonekera kutanthauza ‘kulanda,’ ‘kutsomphola mwachiwawa’. Motero nkosaloledwa kuzemba tanthauzo lowona la ‘kulanda’ kumka ku zosiyana kotheratu, lakuti ‘kugwiritsitsa.’”—(Grand Rapids, Mich.; 1967), lolembedwa ndi W. Robertson Nicoll, Vol. III, pp. 436, 437.
Amati: “Mwa iye [Kristu] chikhalira chidzalo cha Umulungu [Chigiriki, the·oʹte·tos] m’thupi.” (Lingaliro lofananalo laperekedwa ndi matembenuzidwe a mu NE, RS, JB, NAB, Dy.) Komabe, NW imati: “Ndimwaiye mmene chidzalo chonse cha mkhalidwe wa umulungu umakhala mwakuthupi.” (AT, We, ndi CKW amati “mpangidwe wa Mulungu,” mmalo mwa “Umulungu,” Yerekezerani ndi 2 Petro 1:4.)
Kwavomerezedwa, kuti sionse amene amapereka matembenuzidwe ofanana a Akolose 2:9. Koma kodi ndiati amene ali ogwirizana ndi mbali yonse ya kalata youziridwa ya Akolose? Kodi Kristu anali ndi kanthu kena mwa iye kamene anakhala nako chifukwa chakuti ndiye Mulungu, mbali ya Utatu? Kapena kodi “chidzalo” chimene chimakhala mwa iye anakhala nacho chifukwa cha chosankha cha munthu wina? Akolose 1:19 (KJ, Dy) imanena kuti chidzalo chonse chinali mwa Kristu chifukwa chakuti “kunakomera Atate” kuti zikhalire momwemo. NE imanena kuti kunali “mwa chosankha cha Mulungu mwini.”
Talingalirani mawu apatsogolo ndi pambuyo penipeni a Akolose 2:9: M’vesi 8 oŵerengawo akuchenjezedwa kusasokeretsedwa ndi anthu ochirikiza nthanthi ndi miyambo ya anthu. Iwo akuuzidwanso kuti mwa Kristu “mwabisidwa chuma chonse cha nzeru ndi chidziŵitso” ndipo akulimbikitsidwa “kukhala mwa iye” ndi kukhala “ozika mizu ndi kumangidwa mwa iye ndi okhazikika m’chikhulupiriro.” (Vesi 3, 6, 7) Nkudzera mwa iye ndipo osati mwa oyambitsawo kapena aphunzitsi anthanthi zaumunthu, mmene “chidzalo” cha mtengo wapatali chimakhala. Kodi pamenepo mtumwi Paulo anali kunena kuti “chidzalo” chimene chinali mwa Kristu chinapangitsa Kristu kukhala Mulungu mwini? Osati mogwirizana ndi Akolose 3:1, kumene Kristu akunenedwa kukhala “wokhala kudzanja lamanja la Mulungu.”—Wonani KJ, Dy, TEV, NAB.
Mogwirizana ndi kunena kwa Greek-English Lexicon ya Liddell ndi Scott, the·oʹtes (m’mpangidwe wa mneni kumene liwu lakuti the·oʹte·tos lamasuliridwako) amatanthauza “mkhalidwe waumulungu, mpangidwe waumulungu.” (Oxford, 1968, p. 792) Kukhaladi kwa “mkhalidwe waumulungu,” kapena kwa “mpangidwe waumulungu,” sikumapangitsa Yesu monga mwana wa Mulungu kukhala wolingana ndendende ndi Atate ndi kukhala wamuyaya monga Atate, monga momwedi chenicheni chakuti anthu onse ali ndi “umunthu” kapena “mpangidwe waumuthu” sichimawapangitsa kukhala olingana onse kapena onse kukhala a msinkhu wofanana.
Amati: “Akulindira chiyembekezo chodala, ndi mawonekedwe a ulemerero wa Mulungu wamkulu ndi Mpulumutsi wathu Yesu Kristu.” (Ganizo lofananalo likupezeka mu NE, TEV, JB.) Komabe, NW imati: “Pamene tiyembekezera chiyembekezo chosangalatsa ndi kuvumbulitsidwa kwa ulemerero wa Mulungu wamkulu ndi waMpulumutsi wathu, Kristu Yesu.” (NAB ali ndi mamasuliridwe ofanana.)
Kodi ndi matembenuzidwe ati amene amavomerezana ndi Tito 1:4 amene amatchula “Mulungu Atate ndi Kristu Yesu Mpulumutsi wathu”? Ngakhale kuli kwakuti nawonso Malemba opatulika amasonya kwa Mulungu kukhala Mpulumutsi, lembali likusiyanitsa bwino lomwe pakati pa iye ndi Kristu Yesu, kupyolera mwa amene Mulungu amapereka chipulumutso.
Ena akuumirira kuti Tito 2:13 akusonyeza kuti Kristu ali ponse paŵiri Mulungu ndi Mpulumutsi. Mokondweretsa, RS, NE, TEV, JB amamasulira Tito 2:13 mwanjira imene ingatanthauziridwe mwa lingaliro limenelo, koma iwo samalondola mchitidwe umodzimodziwo m’kumasulira kwawo 2 Atesalonika 1:12. Mu The Greek Testament, Henry Alford, amalongosola kuti: “Ndingavomereze kuti [matembenuzidwe amene amasiyanitsa momvekera bwino pakati pa Mulungu ndi Kristu, pa Tito 2:13] amakwaniritsa zofunika zonse za gramala chiganizo kuti: kuli kwachiwonekere kwambiri, ndi kovomerezeka kwambiri ponse paŵiri mwa kaumbidwe ka mawu ndi mwa mawu apatsogolo ndi apambuyo ndi kalembedwe ka mtumwiyo.—(Boston, 1877), Vol. III, p. 421.
Wonaninso zowonjezeredwa za NW, kope la Malifarensi la 1984, pp. 1581, 1582.
Imati: “Ponena za Mwana, ati, Mpando wanu wa chifumu, Mulungu, ufikira nthaŵi za nthaŵi.” (KJ, NE, TEV, Dy, JB, NAB ali ndi matembenuzidwe ofanana.) Komabe, NW imati: “Koma ponena za Mwanayo; Mulungu ndiye mpando wanu wachifumu kunthaŵi zosatha.” (AT, Mo, TC, By ali ndi lingaliro lofanana.)
Kodi ndi matembenuzidwe ati amene ali ogwirizana ndi mawu apatsogolo ndi pambuyo? Mavesi oyambirira amanena kuti Mulungu akulankhula, osati kuti wina akulankhula kwa iye; ndipo vesi lotsatira limagwiritsira ntchito mawu akuti “Mulungu, ndiye Mulungu wanu,” kusonyeza kuti kwa amene akulankhula nayeyo sali Mulungu Wam’mwambamwamba koma ali wolambira wa Mulungu ameneyo. Ahebri 1:8 akugwira mawu Salmo 45:6 limene poyambirira linalunjikitsidwa kwa mfumu yaumunthu ya Israyeli. Mwachiwonekere, wolemba Baibulo wa salmo limeneli sanalingalire kuti mfumu yaumunthu imeneyi inali Mulungu Wamphamvuyonse. Mmalo mwake, Salmo 45:6, mu RS imati “Mpando wanu wachifumu wa umulungu.” (NE imati, “Mpando wanu wa chifumu ngwofanana ndi mpando wachifumu wa Mulungu.” JP [vesi 7]: “Mpando wanu wachifumu munapatsidwa ndi Mulungu.” Solomo, amene mwinamwake ali mfumu imene poyambirirapo Salmo 45, linalunjikitsidwako ananenedwa kuti anakhala “pa Mpando wachifumu wa Yehova.” (1 Mbiri 29:23) Mogwirizana ndi chenicheni chakuti Mulungu ndiye “mpando wachifumu,” kapena Magwero ndi Mchirikizi wa ufumu wa Kristu, Danieli 7:13, 14 ndi Luka 1:32 amasonyeza kuti Mulungu amapereka ulamuliro wotero kwa iye.
Ahebri 1:8, 9 akugwira mawu Salmo 45:6, 7, limene katswiri wa Baibulo B. F. Westcott analongosola kuti: “LXX imavomereza kumasulira matembenuzidwe aŵiri: [ho the·osʹ] ingatengedwe kukhala mpangidwe wa gramala wosonya kwa munthu m’zochitika zonse ziŵiri (Mpando wanu wachifumu, O Mulungu, . . . chifukwa chake, O Mulungu, Mulungu Wanu . . . ) kapena ingatengedwe monga nkhani yokambitsirana kapena mkhalidwe (m’nkhani yoyamba) (Mulungu ndiye mpando wanu wa chifumu, kapena mpando wanu wachifumu ndiye Mulungu . . . ), ndipo mumkhalidwe wosiyana [ho the·osʹ sou] m’nkhani yachiŵiri (Chifukwa chake Mulungu, ngakhale Mulungu Wanu . . . ). . . . Sikuli kozoloŵereka kuti [’Elo·himʹ] poyambirira angalunjikitsidwe kwa mfumu. Chifukwa chake kuyerekezerako kukutsutsa chikhulupiriro chakuti [ho the·osʹ] ali mu mpangidwe wa gramala yolunjikitsa kwa munthuyo mu LXX. Motero m’mkhalidwe wonsewo ukuwonekera kukhala wabwino koposa kuvomereza mu mzera woyambirirawo wa mawu matembenuzidwe akuti: Mulungu ndiye mpando Wanu wachifumu (kapena, Mpando Wanu wachifumu ndiye Mulungu), ndiko kuti ‘Ufumu wanu wakhazikitsidwa pa Mulungu, Thanthwe losasunthika.’”—The Epistle to the Hebrews (London, 1889), pp. 25, 26.
KJ imati: “Pakuti pali atatu akuchita umboni kumwamba, Atate, Mawu, ndi Mzukwa Woyera: ndipo atatu aŵa ali mmodzi. Ndipo pali atatu akuchitira umboni m’dziko lapansi, mzimu, ndi madzi, ndi mwazi: ndipo atatu aŵa amavomerezana mwa mmodzi.” (Dy nayonso yaphatikiza vesi lochirikiza Utatu limeneli.) Komabe, NW simaphatikiza mawu akuti “kumwamba, Atate, Mawu, ndi Mzukwa Woyera: ndipo atatu aŵa ali mmodzi. Ndipo pali atatu amene amachitira umboni m’dziko lapansi.” (RS, NE, TEV, JB, NAB nawonso samaphatikiza mawu ochirikiza Utatu.)
Ponena za mawu ochirikiza Utatu ameneŵa, katswiri wodziŵa malemba F. H. A. Scrivener analemba kuti: “Sitifunikira kukaikira kulankhula chikhutiro chathu chakuti mawu okanganiridwawo sanalembedwe ndi St. Yohane: kuti poyambirira analoŵetsedwa m’makope Achilatini mu Afirika kuchokera m’mphepete, mmene adaikidwa monga mawu otanthauzira vesi 8 achipembedzo ndi owona panthaŵiyo: kuti kuchokera m’Chilatini analoŵa m’makope aŵiri kapena atatu apambuyo Achigiriki, ndipo motero aloŵa m’malemba osindikizidwa m’kope Lachigiriki, malo amene sanali oyenerera konse.”—A Plain Introduction to the Criticism of the New Testament (Cambridge, 1883, chotuluka chachitatu), p. 654.
Wonaninso mawu amtsinde amavesi ameneŵa mu JB, ndi zowonjezeredwa za mu NW, kope la 1984 la Malifarensi, p. 1580.
Malemba ena amene amanenedwa ndi Okhulupirira Utatu kuti amatsimikizira mfundo za chiphunzitso chawo
Tawonani kuti loyamba la malemba ameneŵa limatchula Mwana yekha; lina limatchula onse aŵiri Atate ndi Mwana; palibe lirilonse limene limatchula Atate, Mwana, ndi Mzimu Woyera ndi kunena kuti iwo amapanga Mulungu mmodzi.
Mwa zimene ananena panopa, kodi Yesu anatanthauza kuti akadziukitsa yekha kwa akufa? Kodi zimenezo zimatanthauza kuti Yesu ndi Mulungu, chifukwa chakuti Machitidwe 2:32 amati, “Yesu ameneyo Mulungu anamuukitsa”? Kutalitali. Lingaliro lotero likatsutsana ndi Agalatiya 1:1, amene amanena kuti chiukiriro cha Yesu chinachititsidwa ndi Atate, osati Mwana. Akumagwiritsira ntchito mawu a mpangidwe wofanana, Yesu akugwidwa mawu pa Luka 8:48 kukhala akulankhula kwa mkazi wina kuti: “Chikhululupiro chako chakupulumutsa.” Kodi mkaziyo anadzichiritsa yekha? Ayi; inali mphamvu yochokera kwa Mulungu kudzera mwa Kristu imene inamchiritsa chifukwa chakuti anali ndi chikhulupiriro. (Luka 8:46; Mac. 10:38) Mofananamo, mwa kumvera kotheratu monga munthu, Yesu anapereka maziko a makhalidwe abwino odalirika kwa Atate a kumuukitsa kwa akufa, motero kuvomereza Yesu monga Mwana wa Mulungu. Chifukwa cha njira yokhulupirika ya moyo wa Yesu, kungakhoze kunenendwa bwino lomwe kuti Yesu mwiniyo anachititsa chiukiriro chake.
A. T. Robertson amati mu Word Pictures in the New Testament: “Kumbukirani [Yohane] 2:19 kumene Yesu anati: “Ndipo masiku atatu ndidzamuukitsa.’ Iye sanatanthauze kuti akadziukitsa kwa akufa mwa iye yekha popanda Atate kuchitapo kanthu monga woukitsa (Aroma 8:11).”—(New York, 1932), Vol. V, p. 183.
Ponena kuti: “Ine ndi Atate ndife amodzi,” kodi Yesu anatanthauza kuti iwo anali olingana? Okhulupira Utatu ena amanena kuti anali. Koma pa Yohane 17:21, 22, Yesu anapempherera otsatira ake: “Kuti onse akakhale amodzi,” ndipo anawonjezera, “kuti akhale amodzi, monga ife tiri mmodzi.” Iye anagwiritsira ntchito liwu Lachigiriki limodzimodziro lakuti (hen) lotanthauza “umodzi” m’nthaŵi zonse zimenezi. Mwachiwonekere, ophunzira a Yesu onse samakhala mbali ya Utatu. Koma amakhala ndi umodzi wa chifuno ndi Atate ndi Mwana, umodzi wofanana ndi umene umagwirizanitsa Mulungu ndi Kristu.
Kodi kukhulupirira Utatu kumaika ouchirikiza m’mkhalidwe wotani?
Kumaŵaika m’mkhalidwe waupandu kwambiri. Pali umboni wosatsutsika wakuti chiphunzitso cha Utatu sichimapezeka m’Baibulo, ndiponso sichiri chogwirizana ndi zimene Baibulo limaphunzitsa. (Wonani masamba a mmbuyo) Chimaimira Mulungu wowona molakwa kwambiri. Komabe, Yesu Kristu anati: “Ikudza nthaŵi, ndipo tsopano iripo, imene olambira owona adzalambira Atate mu mzimu ndi m’chowonadi; pakuti Atate afuna otere akhale olambira ake. Mulungu ndiye mzimu; ndipo omlambira iye ayenera kumlambira mumzimu ndi m’chowonadi.” (Yoh, 4:23, 24, RS) Motero Yesu anamveketsa bwino lomwe kuti anthu amene kulambira kwawo sikuli ‘m’chowonadi,’ kosagwirizana ndi chowonadi cholembedwa m’Mawu a Mulungu, saali “olambira owona.” Kwa atsogoleri achipembedzo Achiyuda a m’zaka za zana loyamba, Yesu anati: “Inu mupeputsa mawu a Mulungu chifukwa cha miyambo yanu. Onyenga inu! Yesaya ananenera bwino za inu, ndi kuti, Anthu aŵa andilemekeza ine ndi milomo yawo; koma mtima wawo uli kutali ndi ine. Koma andilambira ine kwachabe, ndi kuphunzitsa maphunzitso, malangizo a anthu.” (Mat. 15:6-9) Mawuwo akugwira ntchito mwamphamvu mofananamo kwa a m’Dziko Lachikristu lerolino amene amachirikiza miyambo ya anthu mmalo mwa chowonadi chomvekera bwino cha Baibulo.
Ponena za Utatu, Chikhululupiro cha Athanasia (m’Chingelezi) chimanena kuti mamembala ake ali “osakhoza kuzindikiridwa.” Kaŵirikaŵiri aphunzitsi achiphunzitsochi amanena kuti ndicho “chinsinsi.” Mwachiwonekere Mulungu wa Utatu wotero sindiye amene Yesu analingalira pamene anati: “Tilambira chimene tichidziŵa.” (Yoh. 4:22) Kodi inu mumadziŵadi Mulungu amene mumalambira?
Mafunso amphamvu akuyang’anizana ndi aliyense wa ife akuti: Kodi timakonda chowonadi mowona mtima? Kodi timafunadi unansi wachiyanjo ndi Mulungu? Simunthu aliyense amene amakonda chowonadi mowona mtima. Ochuluka aika kukhala ndi chiyanjo cha abale awo ndi mabwenzi pamwamba pa kukonda chowonadi ndi kukonda Mulungu. (2 Ates. 2:9-12; Yoh. 5:39-44) Koma, monga momwe Yesu ananenera m’pemphero laphamphu kwa Atate ŵake wakumwamba: “Ichi chitanthauza moyo wosatha, kulandira kwawo chidziŵitso cha inu, Mulungu wowona yekha, ndi cha iye amene munamtuma, Yesu Kristu.” (Yoh. 17:3, NW) Ndipo Salmo 144:15 limanena zowona kuti: “Achimwemwe ndiwo anthu amene Mulungu wawo ali Yehova!”—NW.
Ngati Wina Anena Kuti—
‘Kodi mumakhulupirira Utatu?’
Mungayankhe kuti: ‘Chimenecho chiri chiphunzitso chofala kwambiri m’nthaŵi yathu. Koma kodi munadziŵa kuti zimenezi sizinaphunzitsidwe ndi Yesu ndi ophunzira ake? Motero, ife tikulambira Uyo amene Yesu ananena kuti alambiridwe.’ Ndiyeno mwinamwake wonjezerani kuti: (1) ‘Pamene Yesu anali kuphunzitsa, nali lamulo limene anati linali lalikulu koposa . . . (Marko 12:28-30).’ (2) ‘Yesu sananene konse kuti anali wolingana ndi Mulungu. Iye anati . . . (Yoh. 14:28).’ (3) ‘Pamenepa kodi nchiyani chimene chiri magwero a chiphunzitso cha Utatu? Tawonani chimene bukhu la nazonse lodziŵika likunena ponena za zimenezo. (Wonani tsamba 392, 393.)’
Kapena munganene kuti: ‘Ayi, sindimakhulupirira. Mudziŵa, pali malemba a Baibulo amene sindinathe kugwirizanitsa ndi chikhulupiriro chimenecho. Limodzi la iwo ndi iri. (Mat. 24:36) Mwinamwake mungandilongosolere.’ Ndiyeno mwinamwake wonjezerani kuti: (1) ‘Ngati Mwana ali wolingana ndi Atate, bwanji Atate amadziŵa zinthu zimene mwana sadziŵa?’ Ngati iwo ayankha kuti izi zinali choncho kokha pamene anali munthu, pamenepo funsani kuti: (2) ‘Kodi nchifukwa ninji mzimu woyera sumadziŵa?’ (Ngati munthuyo asonyeza chikondwerero chowona mtima m’chowonadi, msonyezeni zimene Malemba amanena ponena za Mulungu.) (Sal. 83:18; Yoh. 4:23, 24)
Kuthekera kwina: ‘Timakhulupirira Yesu Kristu koma osati Utatu. Chifukwa ninji? Chifukwa chakuti timakhulupirira zimene mtumwi Petro anakhulupirira ponena za Kristu. Tamverani zimene iye adanena . . . (Mat. 16:15-17).’
Lingaliro lowonjezereka: ‘Ndimapeza kuti anthu amalingalira mosiyana pankhani ya Utatu. Mwinamwake ndingayankhe funso lanu bwinopo ngati ndingadziŵe chimene mukutanthauza.’ Ndiyeno mwinamwake wonjezerani kuti: ‘Ndikuyamikira malongosoledwewo. Koma zimene ndimakhulupirira ziri kokha zimene Baibulo limaphunzitsa. Kodi munayamba mwawona liwu lakuti “Utatu” m’Baibulo? . . . Koma kodi Kristu akutchulidwa m’Baibulo? . . . Inde, ndipo timamkhulupirira. Malo amodzi amene amasonya kwa “Kristu” ano pa Mateyu 16:16. (Ŵerengani.) Ndizo zimene ndimakhulupirira.’
Kapena mungayankhe kuti: (ngati munthuyo kwenikweni atchula Yohane 1:1): ‘Ndiri wozoloŵerana ndi vesi limenelo. M’matembenuzidwe ena a Baibulo limanena kuti Yesu ndi “Mulungu,” ndipo ena amanena kuti ndi “mulungu.” Kodi nchifukwa ninji ziri choncho?’ (1) ‘Kodi kungakhale chifukwa chakuti vesi lotsatira limanena kuti iye anali “ndi Mulungu”?’ (2) ‘Kodi kungakhalenso chifukwa cha zimene zikupezeka pano pa Yohane 1:18?’ (3) ‘Kodi munayamba mwadabwa kuti kaya Yesu mwiniyo amalambira munthu wina monga Mulungu? (Yoh. 20:17)’
‘Kodi mumakhulupirira mu umulungu wa Kristu?’
Mungayankhe kuti: ‘Inde, ndimaterodi. Koma mwinamwake sindikulingalira mfundo yofanana ndi imene inu muli nayo pamene mulankhula za “umulungu wa Kristu.” Ndiyeno mwinamwake wonjezerani kuti: (1) ‘Kodi nchifukwa ninji ndikunena motero? Eya, pa Yesaya 9:6 Yesu Kristu akulongosoledwa kukhala “Mulungu Wamphamvu,” koma ali Atate wake yekha amene anatchulidwapo m’Baibulo kukhala Mulungu Wamphamvuyonse.’ (2) ‘Ndipo tawonani kuti pa Yohane 17:3 Yesu akulankhula za Atate wake kukhala “Mulungu wowona yekha.” Chotero, kwakukulukulu, Yesu ali kokha chisonyezero cha Mulungu wowona.’ (3) ‘Kodi nchiyani chimene chiri chofunika kwa ife kuti tikondweretse Mulungu? (Yoh, 4:23, 24)’