Abakirisu bo mu ntango be n’Ivyagezwe vya Musa

“Ivyagezwe vyatubereye umurezi aturera akadushikiriza Kristo.”​—AB’I GALATIYA 3:24.

1, 2. Ni ivyiza bimwebimwe ibihe Abisirayeli bitondeye Ivyagezwe vya Musa baronse?

MU 1513 B.G.C.,Yehova yarahaye Abisirayeli icegeranyo c’amategeko. Yabwiye abo bantu yuko baramutse bagamburutse ijwi ryiwe, yobahezagiye kandi ko bokwinovoye ubuzima burimwo agahimbare, bumara akanyota.​—Kuvayo 19:5, 6.

² Ico cegeranyo c’amategeko citwa Ivyagezwe vya Musa, canke kikitwa gusa “Ivyagezwe” cari ‘icera, kigororotse kandi ari ciza.’ (Abaroma 7:12) Ivyagezwe vyaremesha abantu kugira ingeso nziza nk’ukugira umutima mwiza, kuba inzirabugunge, kugira inyifato runtu hamwe n’ukubana neza n’abandi. (Kuvayo 23:4, 5; Abalewi 19:14; Gusubira mu vyagezwe 15:13-15; 22:10, 22) Vyaratuma kandi Abayuda bagiranira urukundo. (Abalewi 19:18) Ikigeretseko, bari babujijwe kwifatanya canke kurongora abagore bo mu Banyamahanga batagengwa n’Ivyagezwe. (Gusubira mu vyagezwe 7:3, 4) Kubera ko Ivyagezwe vya Musa vyari bimeze nk’uruhome rutandukanya Abayuda n’Abanyamahanga, vyatuma abasavyi b’Imana batanduzwa n’ivyiyumviro be n’imigenzo vy’abapagani.​—Abanyefeso 2:14, 15; Yohana 18:28.

3. Kubera yuko ata n’umwe yashobora kwitondera Ivyagezwe mu buryo butagira agahaze, vyari bifise intumbero iyihe?

³ Ariko rero, mbere n’Abayuda bari babishizeko umutima cane, ntibashobora kwitondera Ivyagezwe vy’Imana mu buryo butagira agahaze. Yehova yoba yabitegako ivyo badashobora gushitsa? Oya. Imwe mu mvo zatumye Ivyagezwe bihabwa Abisirayeli, kwari “ukugira ngo ibigabitanyo bishirwe ahabona.” (Ab’i Galatiya 3:19, NW) Ivyagezwe vyatumye Abayuda b’inziraburyarya babona yuko bakeneye rwose Umucunguzi. Igihe uwo Mucunguzi yaza, Abayuda b’abizerwa baranezerewe. Ugucungurwa kwabo bakava mu muvumo w’icaha n’urupfu kwari kwegereje!​—Yohana 1:29.

4. Ni mu buryo ki Ivyagezwe vyabaye ‘umurezi ashikana kuri Kristo’?

⁴ Ivyagezwe vya Musa yari indinganizo y’imfatakibanza. Igihe intumwa Paulo yandikira Abakirisu bagenziwe, yavuze ko Ivyagezwe ari ‘umurezi ashikana kuri Kristo.’ (Ab’i Galatiya 3:24) Umurezi wo mu bihe vya kera yatwara abana kw’ishure akongera akabatahana. Muri rusangi, ntiyari umwigisha; yashira abana gusa umwigisha. Muri ubwo buryo nyene, Ivyagezwe vya Musa vyari bigenewe kuyobora Abayuda batinya Imana gushika kuri Kirisitu. Yezu yasezeranye yuko yobanye n’abayoboke biwe “imisi yose, gushitsa ku muhero w’isi.” (Matayo 28:20) Ishengero rya gikirisu rimaze gushingwa, wa “murezi” rero, ari vyo Vyagezwe, nta yindi ntumbero yari agifise. (Abaroma 10:4; Ab’i Galatiya 3:25) Ariko rero, Abakirisu bamwebamwe b’Abayuda ntibahuse batahura ukwo kuri guhambaye. Ico vyavuyemwo, babandanije gukurikiza imice imwimwe y’Ivyagezwe n’inyuma y’aho Yezu azukiye. Ariko abandi barahinduye ivyiyumviro vyabo. Abo bahinduye ivyiyumviro baradusigiye akarorero keza muri iki gihe. Reka turabe ingene babigize.

Amahinduka ahimbaye yabaye mu nyigisho za gikirisu

5. Ni amategeko ayahe Petero yahawe mw’iyerekwa, kandi ni kubera iki yakubiswe n’inkuba?

⁵ Mu 36 G.C., wa mukirisu intumwa Petero yareretswe ibintu bitangaje. Ico gihe ijwi ryavuye mw’ijuru rimutegeka kubaga inyoni n’ibikoko vyafatwa ko bihumanye mu gihe c’Ivyagezwe. Petero yarakubiswe n’inkuba! Ntiyari bwigere ‘arya ikizira canke igihumanye.’ Mugabo iryo jwi ryamubwiye riti: “Ivy’Imana ihumanuye, reka kuvyita ibizira.” (Ivyakozwe 10:9-15) Aho kwumira kuri ivyo vyagezwe mu buryo bukabije, Petero yarahinduye ivyiyumviro vyiwe. Ivyo vyatumye atahura neza bimwe bitangaje ivyerekeye imigambi y’Imana.

6, 7. Ni igiki catumye Petero atahura yuko ico gihe yashobora kwigisha Abanyamahanga, kandi ni ibindi vyiyumviro ibihe ashobora kuba yarashitseko?

⁶ Raba ivyashitse. Abantu batatu baragiye aho Petero yari acumbitse kumusaba ko yojana na bo ku nzu y’Umunyamahanga yatinya Imana atakebwe yitwa Koruneliyo. Petero yarinjije abo bantu mu nzu arabaha indaro. Kubera Petero yari yatahuye ivyo yeretswe, yarajanye na bo bukeye bw’aho ku nzu ya Koruneliyo. Petero yarahashingiye intahe inogangije y’ivyerekeye Yezu Kirisitu. Ico gihe Petero yavuze ati: “N’ukuri ni ho nkimenya yukw Imana itarobanura abantu ku butoni, ariko mu mahanga yose ūyubaha, agakora ivy’ukugororoka, iramwemera.” Si Koruneliyo gusa yizeye Yezu, ariko kandi n’incuti ziwe n’abagenzi biwe ba somambike baramwizeye, maze ‘impwemu yera iramanuka ija ku bariko barumva iryo jambo bose.’ Kubera Petero yatahuye ko Yehova ari we yatumye biba, yaciye ‘abategeka kubatizwa mw’izina rya Yezu Kirisitu.’​—Ivyakozwe 10:17-48.

⁷ Ni igiki catumye Petero atahura yuko Abanyamahanga batari basanzwe barongorwa n’Ivyagezwe vya Musa ico gihe bashobora gucika abayoboke ba Yezu Kirisitu? Ni uko yari afise ugutahura kwo mu buryo bw’impwemu. Kubera yuko Imana yari yerekanye ko yemera Abanyamahanga batakebwe, ikanasuka impwemu yayo kuri bo, Petero yaciye atahura yuko bashobora kwemererwa kubatizwa. Muri uyo mwanya nyene, biboneka ko Petero yatahuye yuko Imana itari yiteze ko Abanyamahanga babaye Abakirisu barinda kwitondera Ivyagezwe vya Musa kugira ngo babatizwe. Iyo uja kuba ari ho wari uri ico gihe, wari kugira umutima ukunze wo guhindura uburyo ubona ibintu nk’uko Petero yabigize?

Bamwebamwe bagumye bakurikira wa “murezi”

8. Ni iciyumviro ikihe co gukebwa cari gitandukanye n’ica Petero Abakirisu bamwebamwe baba i Yeruzalemu bari baratsimbataje, kandi kubera iki?

⁸ Petero amaze kuva kwa Koruneliyo, yaciye aja i Yeruzalemu. Inkuru zivuga ko Abanyamahanga batakebwe bari “bemeye ijambo ry’Imana,” zari zamaze gushika mw’ishengero ryaho, kandi abigishwa b’Abayuda bamwebamwe bari bababajwe n’ico kintu. (Ivyakozwe 11:1-3) Naho nyene bemera yuko Abanyamahanga bashobora gucika abayoboke ba Yezu, ‘abashigikira ivy’ugukebwa’ barashimika bavuga yuko abo bantu batari abo mw’ihanga ry’Abayuda bategerezwa kwubahiriza Ivyagezwe kugira ngo bashobore gukizwa. Ku rundi ruhande, mu burere bwari bugwiriyemwo Abanyamahanga, ugasanga Abakirisu b’Abayuda ari bakeyi, ntivyari ngombwa ngo ikibazo co gukebwa kibaraze ishinga. Ivyo vyiyumviro bibiri vyarabandanije bimara nk’imyaka 13. (1 Ab’i Korinto 1:10) Ese ukuntu gitegerezwa kuba cari ikigeragezo kuri abo bakirisu bo mu ntango, na canecane Abanyamahanga baba mu turere tugwiriyemwo Abayuda!

9. Ni kubera iki vyari bihambaye ko ikibazo co gukebwa gitorerwa inyishu?

⁹ Ico kibazo amaherezo carashitse ku gihe c’agaheta mu 49 G.C., igihe Abakirisu b’i Yeruzalemu bagenda i Antiyokiya y’i Siriya, aho Paulo yariko arigisha. Batanguye kwigisha yuko Abanyamahanga bacitse abakirisu bategerezwa gukebwa nk’uko bisabwa n’Ivyagezwe. Kandi harabaye ukutumvikana be n’ugutonganya Paulo na Barunaba bimwe bikomeye! Iyo ico kibazo kidatorerwa inyishu, Abakirisu bamwebamwe b’Abayuda canke bava mu Banyamahanga, nta gukeka ko cari kubatsitaza. Kubera ico, hararinganijwe ivy’uko Paulo n’abandi bakeyi baduga i Yeruzalemu gusaba inama nyobozi y’Abakirisu ngo itorere inyishu ico kibazo rimwe rizima.​—Ivyakozwe 15:1, 2, 24.

Bamaze guserura ivyiyumviro bitandukanye, baranamye rimwe!

10. Ni ivyiyumviro bimwebimwe ibihe inama nyobozi yarimbuye imbere yo gufata ingingo yerekeye ikibanza Abanyamahanga bari bakwiye kugira?

¹⁰ Kw’ikoraniro rimwe ryari ryatunganijwe, bamwebamwe bisa n’uko bashigikira ivy’ugukebwa, mu gihe abandi batanga iciyumviro gitandukanye n’ico. Mugabo uwo musi ntibatwawe n’inyiyumvo. Hamaze kuba ibihari vyinshi, intumwa Petero na Paulo baradondoye ibimenyetso Yehova yari yarakoreye mu batakebwe. Barasiguye yuko Imana yari yarasutse impwemu yera ku Banyamahanga batakebwe. Ku bw’ivyo, barabajije bati: ‘Ishengero rya gikirisu ryoba rifise uburenganzira bwo kwanka abo Imana yakiriye?’ Maze umwigishwa Yakobo yaciye asoma icanditswe cafashije abari ngaho bose gutahura igomba rya Yehova ku bijanye n’ico kibazo.​—Ivyakozwe 15:4-17.

11. Ni igiki batisunze mu gufata ingingo yerekeye ugukebwa, kandi ni igiki cerekana yuko Yehova yahezagiye iyo ngingo?

¹¹ Ico gihe bose bari bahanze amaso inama nyobozi. Iragi Abayuda bari bararazwe ryoba ryari gutuma ingingo yabo ihengamira ku gukebwa? Oya. Abo bagabo b’abizerwa bari biyemeje gukurikiza Ivyanditswe be n’ubuyobozi bw’impwemu yera y’Imana. Inama nyobozi imaze kwumva ibimenyamenya vyose bijanye n’ico kibazo, abayigize bose hamwe baciye bemeza yuko bitari bikenewe ko Abanyamahanga bacitse Abakirisu bakebwa ngo bongere bagengwe n’Ivyagezwe vya Musa. Igihe iryo jambo ryashikira Abavukanyi, baranezerewe, maze amashengero atangura “[ku]genda yunguka ibitigiri imisi yose.” Abo bakirisu bagamburutse ubuyobozi bwa gitewokarasi butomoye barahezagiwe mu kuronka inyishu ikomeye, ishingiye ku Vyanditswe. (Ivyakozwe 15:19-23, 28, 29; 16:1-5) Ariko rero, hari ikibazo gihambaye cari gikeneye kwishurwa.

Bite ho ku vyerekeye Abakirisu b’Abayuda?

12. Ni ikibazo ikihe casigaye kidatorewe inyishu?

¹² Inama nyobozi yari yaseruye mu buryo butomoye yuko bitari bikenewe ko Abanyamahanga bacitse Abakirisu barinda gukebwa. Ariko bite ho ku vyerekeye Abakirisu b’Abayuda? Ingingo inama nyobozi yari yafashe ntiyasigura mu buryo butomoye uwo muce wa nya kibazo.

13. Ni kubera iki umuntu yaba yihenze yemeje yuko kwitondera Ivyagezwe vya Musa vyari ngombwa kugira umuntu aronke ubukiriro?

¹³ Abakirisu bamwebamwe b’Abayuda bari n’“ishaka ry’ivyagezwe” babandanije gukeba abana babo no gukurikiza imice imwimwe y’Ivyagezwe. (Ivyakozwe 21:20) Abandi na bo barashitse kure, gushika n’aho bashimika bavuga yuko vyari ngombwa ko Abakirisu b’Abayuda bakurikiza Ivyagezwe kugira ngo bakizwe. Mu kwiyumvira gutyo, bari bihenze bimwe bikomeye. Nk’akarorero, vyari gushoboka gute ko Umukirisu wese atanga ikimazi c’igitungwa kugira ngo aharirwe ivyaha? Inkuka ya Kirisitu yari yatumye amashikanwa nk’ayo aba ay’atakigira akamaro. Tuvuge iki ku vyerekeye ca kintu casabwa n’Ivyagezwe c’uko Abayuda birinda kugiranira ubucuti bwa hafi n’Abanyamahanga? Vyari kugora cane abamamaji b’Abakirisu b’abanyamwete kwubahiriza ivyo bari barabujijwe, ngo bongere bagume bashitsa ibanga ryo kwigisha Abanyamahanga ibintu vyose Yezu yari yarigishije. (Matayo 28:19, 20; Ivyakozwe 1:8; 10:28)a Nta kimenyamenya cerekana yuko ico kibazo catomowe mw’ikoraniro inama nyobozi yagize. Mugabo, ishengero ntiryagumye gutyo.

14. Ni ubuyobozi ubuhe amakete Paulo yanditse ahumekewe atanga ku vyerekeye Ivyagezwe?

¹⁴ Ubuyobozi bwaraje, atari mu buryo bw’ikete rivuye ku nama nyobozi, ariko mu buryo bw’ayandi makete yahumetswe, yanditswe n’intumwa. Nk’akarorero, intumwa Paulo yararungikiye ubutumwa bukomeye Abayuda n’Abanyamahanga baba i Roma. Mw’ikete yabandikiye, yasiguye yuko Umuyuda w’ukuri ‘ari uwo mu mutima, kandi gukebwa ari ukw’umutima, n’ukwo mu buryo bw’impwemu.’ (Abaroma 2:28, 29) Muri iryo kete nyene, Paulo yarakoresheje ikigereranirizo kugira yemeze yuko Abakirisu batari bakigengwa n’Ivyagezwe. Yavuze yuko bidashoboka ko umugore yubakana n’abagabo babiri icarimwe. Mugabo igihe umugabo wiwe atakiriho, yari afise uburenganzira bwo gusubira kurongorwa. Paulo yaciye akoresha ico kigereranirizo, yerekana yuko Abakirisu basizwe batari gushobora kugengwa n’Ivyagezwe vya Musa ngo bongere babe aba Kirisitu. Bategerezwa gucika “abapfuye ku vyagezwe” kugira ngo bashobore kwiyunga kuri Kirisitu.​—Abaroma 7:1-5.

Baratevye gutahura ico Ivyagezwe vyashaka kuvuga

15, 16. Ni kubera iki Abakirisu bamwebamwe b’Abayuda bari barananiwe gutahura ico Ivyagezwe vyashaka kuvuga, kandi ivyo vyerekana gute ko umuntu akeneye kuguma ari maso mu buryo bw’impwemu?

¹⁵ Ukuzirikana Paulo yagira ku Vyagezwe kwari ntaharirizwa. Vyashobotse bite none ngo Abakirisu bamwebamwe b’Abayuda bananirwe gutahura ico Ivyagezwe vyashaka kuvuga? Imvo imwe, ni uko bari babuze ugutahura kwo mu buryo bw’impwemu. Nk’akarorero, barafata minenegwe ukwifungurira imfungurwa zigumye zo mu vy’impwemu. (Abaheburayo 5:11-14) Ntibitaba amakoraniro ya gikirisu badahorereza. (Abaheburayo 10:23-25) Iyindi mvo yatumye bamwebamwe badatahura ico Ivyagezwe vyashaka kuvuga, ishobora kuba yari ifitaniye isano n’ukuntu Ivyagezwe ubwavyo vyari bimeze. Vyari bishingiye ku bintu bashobora kubona, kwiyumvamwo no gukorakora, nk’urusengero be n’ubuherezi. Vyari vyoroshe ku muntu atagira kamere y’ivy’impwemu kwemera Ivyagezwe kuruta gukurikiza ingingo ngenderwako zigera ibwina z’Ubukirisu, ubwari bushingiye ku bintu bitaboneka.​—2 Ab’i Korinto 4:18.

¹⁶ Iyindi mvo yatuma bamwebamwe bivugisha ngo ni Abakirisu bashashara kwitondera Ivyagezwe, Paulo yarayerekanye mw’ikete yandikiye Abagalatiya. Yasiguye yuko abo bantu bashaka kubonwa nk’abanyacubahiro, nk’abo mu bagize idini ririmwo abantu benshi. Aho kuboneka ko batandukanye n’abandi mu kibano, bari biteguriye kwemera kugira ikintu ico ari co cose bosabwa kugira ngo baharurwe muri ico kibano. Bashima cane kurondera kwemerwa n’abantu aho kurondera kwemerwa n’Imana.​—Ab’i Galatiya 6:12.

17. Ni ryari abantu bagiye gutomokerwa neza ukuntu bakwiye kubona ibijanye n’ugukurikiza Ivyagezwe?

¹⁷ Abakirisu b’inkerebutsi batohoje bitonze amakete yahumetswe n’Imana Paulo be n’abandi banditse, barashitse ku vyiyumviro bitagiramwo agakosa ku bijanye n’Ivyagezwe. Ariko rero, mu mwaka wa 70 G.C., ni ho Abakirisu bose b’Abayuda bagiye gutomokerwa neza ata kwihenda uko bakwiye kubona Ivyagezwe vya Musa. Ivyo vyabaye igihe Imana yareka Yeruzalemu n’urusengero rwaho be n’inzandiko zerekeye abaherezi barwo ngo bisangangurwe. Ivyo vyatumye ata muntu n’umwe ashobora gukurikiza imice yose y’Ivyagezwe.

Tuvyigireko muri iki gihe

18, 19. (a) Ni inyifato izihe dutegerezwa kugira be n’izo dutegerezwa kwirinda kugira ngo tugume dufise amagara meza mu vy’impwemu? (b) Akarorero Paulo yatanze katwigisha iki ku vyerekeye gukurikiza ubuyobozi duhabwa n’abavukanyi bajejwe amabanga? (Raba akumba kari ku rupapuro rwa 24.)

¹⁸ Umaze kurimbura ivyo bintu ubu haciye igihe kirekire bibaye, kumbure waciye wibaza uti: ‘Iyo nja kuba ndahari ico gihe, uko ivyo Imana igomba vyagenda birahishurwa buhorobuhoro nari kuvyakira gute? Noba nari kwumira ku vyiyumviro vya kera? Canke noba nari kwihangana gushika ugutahura kubereye gutomotse? Kandi igihe gutomotse, noba nari kugushigikira n’umutima wanje wose?’

¹⁹ Ego ni ko, ntidushobora kumenya neza ukuntu twari kuvyifatamwo iyo tuja kuba ari ho turi ico gihe. Mugabo turashobora kwibaza duti: ‘Igihe hari ibintu bitomowe ukundi gusha mu bijanye no gutahura Bibiliya bishikirijwe muri iki gihe, ndavyakira gute? (Matayo 24:45) Igihe hatanzwe ubuyobozi bushingiye ku Vyanditswe, noba ngerageza kubushira mu ngiro, sinkurikize gusa ivyagezwe urudome ku rundi mugabo nkitaho ico bishaka kuvuga? (1 Ab’i Korinto 14:20) Noba ndindira nihanganye ko Yehova agira ico akoze igihe inyishu z’ibibazo bimaze igihe zisa n’izitevye kuboneka?’ Birahambaye ko twungukira ku mfungurwa z’ivy’impwemu ziboneka muri iki gihe, kugira ngo “ntidutwarwe akayombekere.” (Abaheburayo 2:1) Igihe Yehova atanze ubuyobozi biciye kw’Ijambo ryiwe, ku mpwemu yiwe, no kw’ishirahamwe ryiwe ryo kw’isi, nimuze tube dutega ugutwi twitonze. Nitwabigenza gutyo, Yehova azoduhezagira mu kuduha ubuzima budahera buhimbaye kandi bumara akanyota.

[Akajambo k’epfo]

Wovyishura gute?

• Ni mu buryo ubuhe Ivyagezwe vya Musa vyari bimeze nk’‘umurezi ashikana kuri Kristo’?

• Wosigura gute itandukaniro ryabaye hagati y’ukuntu Petero n’‘abashigikira ivy’ugukebwa’ bakiriye amahinduka ajanye no gutahura ukuri?

• Ni igiki wigiye ku kuntu Yehova ahishura ukuri muri iki gihe?

[Uruzitiro/Ifoto ku rup. 24]

Paulo ahangana n’ikigeragezo abigiranye ukwicisha bugufi

Inyuma y’aho Paulo agiriye urugendo rw’ubumisiyonari rukererwa, yarashitse i Yeruzalemu mu 56 G.C. Ngaho, hari ikigeragezo cari kimurindiriye. Amakuru avuga yuko yari yamye yigisha ko Ivyagezwe bitari bigikurikizwa, yari yamaze gushika muri iryo shengero. Abagabo b’inararibonye bari bafise ubwoba bw’uko Abayuda baherutse guhindukirira ubukirisu, botsitajwe n’ugushira amanga kwa Paulo ku bijanye n’Ivyagezwe kandi yuko boshitse ku ciyumviro c’uko Abakirisu batubaha intunganyo Yehova yashizeho. Muri iryo shengero, hariho Abakirisu bane b’Abayuda bari baragize indagano, kumbure ikaba yari iyo kuba Abanaziri. Bategerezwa kuja ku rusengero kugira ngo bashitse ivyo basabwa n’iyo ndagano.

Ba bagabo b’inararibonye barasavye Paulo guherekeza ba bantu bane ku rusengero no kwitwararika kuriha ivyo bakoresha. Paulo yari amaze kwandika n’imiburiburi amakete abiri, aho yemeza yuko gukurikiza Ivyagezwe atari igisabwa kugira ngo umuntu aronke ubukiriro. Ariko rero, yarubahirije ijwi ryo mu mutima ry’abandi. Imbere y’aho, yari yanditse ati: “Ku baganzwa n’ivyagezwe nabaye nk’ūganzwa na vyo . . . kugira ngo ndonke abaganzwa n’ivyagezwe.” (1 Ab’i Korinto 9:20-23) Naho Paulo atigeze adohoka ku ngingo ngenderwako zihambaye zo mu Vyanditswe, yarabonye yuko ashobora kwemera inama agiriwe n’abo bagabo b’inararibonye. (Ivyakozwe 21:15-26) Abigize nta kosa ryarimwo. Nta kintu na kimwe gihushanye n’ivyanditswe cari muri iyo ntunganyo yerekeye indagano, kandi urusengero rwakoreshwa ku bw’ugusenga gutyoroye, ntirwakoreshwa ku bw’ugusenga ibigirwamana. Kugira ngo ntihagire uwo atsitaza, Paulo yaciye rero agira nk’uko bamusavye. (1 Ab’i Korinto 8:13) Nta gukeka ko ivyo vyasaba ko Paulo agira ukwicisha bugufi kwinshi, kikaba ari ikintu gituma turushiriza kumushima.

[Ifoto ku rup. 22, 23]

Haraheze imyaka Abakirisu bagifise ivyiyumviro bitandukanye ku vyerekeye Ivyagezwe vya Musa