Bhuku reBhaibheri Nhamba 43—Johane

Munyori: Muapostora Johane

Nzvimbo Yakanyorerwa: Efeso kana kuti pedyo

Kunyora Kwakapedzwa: Munenge muna 98 C.E.

Nguva Yakafukidzwa: Pashure pesumo, 29–33 C.E.

 1. Magwaro anoratidzei pamusoro pokuva pedyo kwesonganiro yaJohane naJesu?

ZVINYORWA zveEvhangeri zvaMateo, Marko, uye Ruka zvakanga zvave zvichitenderera kwamakore anopfuura 30 uye zvakanga zvasvika pakukosheswa navaKristu vomuzana rokutanga ramakore samabhuku avanhu vakafuridzirwa nomudzimu mutsvene. Zvino, sezvo kuguma kwezana ramakore kwakaswedera pedyo uye nhamba yeavo vakanga vave vaina Jesu yakaderera, mubvunzo ungasanova wakamuka wokuti, Kwakanga kuchine chimwe chinhu chokuudzwa here? Kwakanga kuchine mumwe munhu aigona, kubva muyeuko dzomunhu oga, kuzadza udzame hunokosha hwoushumiri hwaJesu here? Hungu, akanga ariko. Mukweguru Johane akanga akomborerwa zvakatanhamara musonganirano yake naJesu. Sezviri pachena akanga ari pakati pevokutanga vavadzidzi vaJohane Mubhapatidzi kusumwa kuGwayana raMwari nomumwe wavana vokutanga kukokwa naShe kumukumbanira nguva yakazara muushumiri. (Joh. 1:35-39; Marko 1:16-20) Akapfuurira musonganirano yapedyo naJesu muushumiri hwake hwose uye akanga ari mudzidzi “waidikanwa naJesu” uyo akasendamira chifuva chaJesu paPaseka yokupedzisira. (Joh. 13:23; Mat. 17:1; Marko 5:37; 14:33) Akanga aripo pachiitiko chinorwadza chokuurawa, apo Jesu akaronzesa kwaari kutarisirwa kwaamai Vake vokunyama, uye akanga ari iye uyo akakunda Petro kumhanya sezvo vakamhanyira kuhwiro kuti vanzvere mushumo wokuti Jesu akanga amuka.—Joh. 19:26, 27; 20:2-4.

 2. Johane akashongedzerwa ndokusimbiswa sei kuti anyore Evhangeri yake, uye nokuda kwechinangwai?

² Anyoroveswa namakore anodokusvika 70 muushumiri hwokushingaira uye anyandurwa nezviono nefungisiso zvokuiswa kwake mutorongo ari oga pachitsuwa chePatmosi, Johane akanga akasanoshongedzerwa kunyora nezvezvinhu zvaakanga anguve akachengeta mumwoyo make. Mudzimu mutsvene zvino wakasimbisa ndangariro yake kuti ayeuke ndokunyora kwakawanda kwokutaura ikoko kunokosha, kunopa upenyu kuti mumwe nomumwe anorava ‘agodavira kuti Jesu ndiKristu, Mwanakomana waMwari, uye kuti, nemhaka yokudavira, agova noupenyu kupfurikidza nezita raJesu.’—20:31.

 3, 4. Ndohupi huri ufakazi hwokunze nehwomukati (a) hwokuva yomundaza yamanyoro matsvene aMagwaro kweEvhangeri yacho, uye (b) hwokuva munyori kwaJohane?

³ VaKristu vomukuvamba kwezana ramakore rechipiri vakagamuchira Johane somunyori weiyi nhoroondo uye vakabatawo aya manyoro sorutivi rusingapokanwi rwendaza yamanyoro matsvene aMagwaro akafuridzirwa. Clement weAlexandria, Irenaeus, Tertullian, uye Origen, vose avo vakanga vari vomukupera kwezana ramakore rechipiri nokuvamba kwerechitatu, vanopupurira kuva munyori kwaJohane. Uyezve, ufakazi hwakawanda hwomukati hwokuti Johane akanga ari munyori hunowanwa mubhuku racho iro rimene. Sezvinooneka munyori wacho akanga ari muJudha uye akanga akasanorovedzana netsika dzechiJudha nenyika yavo. (2:6; 4:5; 5:2; 10:22, 23) Udzame humene hwenhoroondo yacho hunoratidzira kuti akanga asati ari bedzi muapostora asi mumwe weboka romukati ravatatu—Petro, Jakobho, uye Johane—avo vakaperekedza Jesu panhambo chaidzo. (Mat. 17:1; Marko 5:37; 14:33) Pana ivava, Jakobho (mwanakomana waZebhedhi) anobviswa nemhaka yokuti akaurayirwa kutenda naHerodhe Agrippa I munenge muna 44 C.E., nguva refu iri bhuku risati ranyorwa. (Mabasa 12:2) Petro anobviswa nemhaka yokuti iye anodudzwa pamwe chete nomunyori pana Johane 21:20-24.

⁴ Muidzi ndima dzokupedzisira, munyori anonongedzerwa kwaari somudzidzi “waidikanwa naJesu,” uku nokutaura kwakafanana kuchishandiswa kanoverengeka muchinyorwa chacho, kunyange zvazvo zita romuapostora Johane risingatongodudzwi. Jesu pano anonokorwa mashoko seanoti pamusoro pake: “Kana ndikada kuti agare kusvikira ndichiuya, uneiko nazvo iwe?” (Joh. 21:20, 22) Ikoku kunokarakadza kuti mudzidzi anonongedzerwa kwaari aizorarama nguva refu kupfuura Petro navamwe vaapostora. Kwose ikoku kunokodzera muapostora Johane. Kunofadza kuti Johane, pashure pokunge apiwa chiono chaZvakazarurwa chokuuya kwaJesu, anogumisa uporofita hunoshamisa ihwohwo namashoko, anoti: “Ameni, uyai Ishe Jesu.”—Zvak. 22:20.

 5. Johane anodavirwa kuva akanyora rini Evhangeri yake?

⁵ Kunyange zvazvo manyoro aJohane amene asingapi mashoko akajeka pamusoro penhau yacho, kunowanzodavirwa kuti Johane akanyora Evhangeri yake pashure pokudzokera kwake achibva muutapwa pachitsuwa chePatmosi. (Zvak. 1:9) Mambo weRoma Nerva, 96-98 C.E., akadzorera vakawanda avo vakanga vaiswa muutapwa pakuguma kwokutonga kwomutangiri wake, Domitian. Pashure pokunyora Evhangeri yake, munenge muna 98 C.E., Johane anodavirwa kuva akafa nenzira ine rugare paEfeso mugore rechitatu raMambo Trajan, 100 C.E.

 6. Ufakazii hunoratidzira kuti Evhangeri yaJohane yakanyorerwa kunze kwePalestine, paEfeso kana kuti pedyo?

⁶ Pamusoro peEfeso kana kuti nharaunda yaro senzvimbo yokunyorera, wezvenhau Eusebius (munenge muna 260-342 C.E.) anonokora mashoko Irenaeus seanoti: “Johane, mudzidzi waIshe, uyo akanga atosendamira pachipfuva chake, iye amene akapawo evhangeri, apo akanga achigara kuEfeso muAsia.”a Kuti bhuku racho rakanyorerwa kunze kwePalestine kunotsigirwa nenongedzero dzaro dzakawanda kuvashori vaJesu neshokowo zvaro rokuti, “vaJudha,” panzvimbo pa“vaFarise,” “muprista mukuru,” uye zvichingodaro. (Joh. 1:19; 12:9) Uyewo, Gungwa reGarirea rinotsanangurwa nezita raro rechiRoma, Gungwa reTibheriasi. (6:1; 21:1) Nokuda kwavasati vari vaJudha, Johane anopa kutsanangurwa kunobetsera kwemitambo yechiJudha. (6:4; 7:2; 11:55) Nzvimbo youtapwa hwake, Patmosi, yakanga iri pedyo neEfeso, uye kurovedzana kwake neEfeso, pamwe chete nedzimwe ungano dzeAsia Minor, kunoratidzirwa naZvakazarurwa ganhuro 2 ne 3.

 7. Papyrus Rylands 457 ndeyoukoshii?

⁷ Anotsigira uchokwadi hweEvhangeri yaJohane manyoro anokosha akawanwa ezana ramakore rechi20. Mamwe aiwaya rutivi rweEvhangeri yaJohane rwakawanwa muEgipita, zvino runozivikanwa sePapyrus Rylands 457 (P⁵²), runa Johane 18:31-33, 37, 38, uye rwakachengetwa kuJohn Rylands Library, Manchester, England.b Pamusoro pokutsigira kwarwo gamuchidzanwa rokuva munyori kwaJohane pakupera kwezana ramakore rokutanga, mushakabvu Changamire Frederic Kenyon akati mubhuku rake rinonzi The Bible and Modern Scholarship, 1949, peji 21: “Naizvozvo kunyange zvazvo rwuri ruduku, runokwana kubvumikisa kuti manyoro eiyi Evhangeri akanga achitenderera, zvimwe muEgipita yokumaruwa uko rwakawanwa, munenge munhambo yaA.D. 130-150. Kuchibvumira kunyange nguva duku yokutenderedzwa kwebhuku racho kubva munzvimbo iyo rakavamba, ikoku kwaizokandira shure musi wokunyorwa pedyo kwazvo nomusi wegamuchidzanwa mumakore gumi okupedzisira ezana rokutanga ramakore zvokuti hakuchisina chikonzero chipi nechipi chokupanikira ukoshi hwegamuchidzanwa racho.”

 8. (a) Chii chinoshamisa pamusoro pesumo yeEvhangeri yaJohane? (b) Chibvumikisoi chainogovera chokuti ushumiri hwaJesu hwakanga hwakareba makore matatu nehafu?

⁸ Evhangeri yaJohane inoshamisa nokuda kwesumo yayo, iyo inozivisa Shoko, iro “kutanga rakanga riri kuna Mwari,” soUyo kupfurikidza naye zvinhu zvose zvakavapo. (1:2) Pashure pokuzivisa ukama hunokosha pakati paBaba noMwanakomana, Johane anopinda muratidzirwo younyanzvi yamabasa aJesu nehurukuro, zvikurukuru mumurangariro worudo rukuru urwo runobatanidza muumwe chinhu chiri chose mugadziriro huru yaMwari. Iyi nhoroondo youpenyu hwaJesu pasi pano inofukidza nhambo 29-33 C.E., uye inongwarira kududza Paseka ina idzo Jesu akapinda mukati moushumiri hwake, nokudaro achigovera mumwe wemitsara yechibvumikiso chokuti ushumiri hwake hwakanga kwakareba makore matatu nehafu. Nhatu dzeidzi Paseka dzinodudzwa sedzakadaro. (2:13; 6:4; 12:1; 13:1) Imwe yadzo inonongedzerwa kwairi so“mutambo wavaJudha” asi mashoko akapoteredza anoyiisa chinguvana pashure pokunge Jesu ataura kuti kwakanga kune “mwedzi mina, kucheka kwasvika,” nokudaro kuchiratidzira mutambo wacho kuva Paseka, iyo yaiitika munenge mukuvamba kwokucheka.—4:35; 5:1.c

 9. Chii chinoratidza Evhangeri yaJohane kuva inowedzera, asika inozadza udzame hwose hwoushumiri hwaJesu here?

⁹ Mashoko akanaka “[a]kanyorwa naJohane” zvikurukuru ndeokuwedzera; 92 muzana mashoko matsva asina kufukidzwa mudzimwe Evhangeri nhatu. Kunyange zvakadaro, Johane anogumisa namashoko, anoti: “Zvimwe zvizhinji zviriko, zvakaitwawo naJesu; kana zvainyorwa chimwe nechimwe, ndinoti kunyange nenyika yose haingaringani bhuku dzinganyorwa.”—21:25.

ZVIRI MUBHUKU RAJOHANE

10. Johane anotaurei pamusoro pe“Shoko”?

¹⁰ Sumo: Kusuma “Shoko” (1:1-18). Norupfave rwakaisvonaka, Johane anotaura kuti pakuvamba “Shoko rakanga riri kuna Mwari,” kuti upenyu humene hwakanga huri kupfurikidza naye, kuti akava “chiedza chavanhu,” uye kuti Johane (Mubhapatidzi) akapupura pamusoro pake. (1:1, 4) Chiedza chakanga chiri munyika, asi nyika haina kumuziva. Avo vakamugamuchira vakava vana vaMwari, vachiberekwa naMwari. Kungofanana noMutemo wakapiwa kupfurikidza naMosesi, naizvozvo “nyasha nezvokwadi zvakauya naJesu Kristu.”—1:17.

11. Johane Mubhapatidzi anozivisa Jesu sechii, uye vadzidzi vaJohane vanogamuchira Jesu sechii?

¹¹ Kuratidza “Gwayana raMwari” kuvanhu (1:19-51). Johane Mubhapatidzi anobvuma kuti iye haasati ari Kristu asi anotaura kuti kune uyo anouya shure kwake, uye haana kufanirwa nokusunungura rukanda rweshangu yomunhu iyeyo. Zuva rakatevera racho, sezvo Jesu anouya akananga kwaari, Johane anomuzivisa se“Gwayana raMwari, rinobvisa zvivi zvenyika.” (1:27, 29) Tevere, anosuma vaviri vavadzidzi vake kuna Jesu, uye mumwe waivava, Andreasi, anounza mukoma vake Petro kuna Jesu. Firipi naNatanieri vanogamuchirawo Jesu so‘Mwanakomana waMwari, Mambo waIsraeri.’—1:49.

12. (a) Ndechipi chiri chishamiso chokutanga chaJesu? (b) Anoitei apo ari kuJerusarema nokuda kwePaseka yokutanga mukati moushumiri hwake?

¹² Zvishamiso zvaJesu zvinobvumikisa kuti ndiye “Mutsvene waMwari” (2:1–6:71). Jesu anoita chishamiso chake chokutanga muKana yeGarirea, kushandura mvura kuva waini yakanakisisa pamabiko omuchato. Ichochi “chiratidzo chake chokutanga . . . vadzidzi vake va[no]tenda kwaari.” (2:11) Jesu anokwira kuJerusarema nokuda kwePaseka. Achiwana vatengesi navachinji vemari mutembere, anotora tyava ndokuvabudisa kunze nesimba rakadaro zvokuti vadzidzi vake vanoziva kuzadzikwa kwouporofita, hunoti: “Kushingairira imba yenyu kuchandipedza.” (Joh. 2:17; Pis. 69:9) Anofanotaura kuti tembere yomuviri wake amene ichaputswa ndokumiswazve mumazuva matatu.

13. (a) Jesu anoratidza chii kuva chiri madikanwa nokuda kwokuwana upenyu? (b) Johane Mubhapatidzi anotaura nezvake amene sei muwirirano naJesu?

¹³ Nikodhimo anotya anouya kuna Jesu usiku. Anobvuma kuti Jesu akatumwa naMwari, uye Jesu anomuudza kuti munhu anofanira kuberekwa nemvura nomudzimu kuti apinde muUmambo hwaMwari. Kudavira Mwanakomana womunhu akabva kudenga kuri madikanwa nokuda kwoupenyu. “Nokuti Mwari wakada nyika nokudaro, kuti wakapa Mwanakomana wake wakaberekwa mumwe woga, kuti ani naani unotenda kwaari, arege kufa, asi ave noupenyu husingaperi.” (Joh. 3:16) Chiedza chakapinda munyika chinorwisana nerima, “asi unoita zvokwadi, unouya pachiedza,” anogumisa kudaro Jesu. Johane Mubhapatidzi ipapo anoziva nezvomubato waJesu muJudhea uye anozivisa kuti nepo iye amene asiri Kristu, bva “shamwari yechikomba . . . inofara zvikuru nenzwi rechikomba.” (3:21, 29) Jesu zvino anofanira kuwedzera, uye Johane kuderera.

14. Jesu anotsanangurei kumukadzi weSamaria paSikari, uye chii chinobva mukuparidza kwake ikoko?

¹⁴ Jesu anotangazve kuenda Garirea. Ari munzira, azadzwa neguruva uye “aneta nokufamba,” anogara pasi kuti azorore patsime raJakobho muSikari, apo vadzidzi vake vanoenda kundotenga zvokudya muguta. (4:6) Pava pakati pamasikati, nguva yechitanhatu. Mumwe mukadzi weSamaria anosvika kuti achere mvura, uye Jesu anokumbira mvura yokunwa. Ipapo, kunyange zvazvo akaneta, anovamba kutaura kwaari pamusoro pe“mvura” chaiyoiyo inozorodza zvirokwazvo, inopa upenyu husingaperi kune avo vanonamata Mwari “mu[mudzimu, NW] nezvokwadi.” Vadzidzi vanodzoka ndokumukurudzira kudya, uye anozivisa, kuti: “Zvokudya zvangu ndizvo, kuti ndiite kuda kwowakandituma, nokupedza basa rake.” Anopedzera mamwe mazuva maviri ari munharaunda yacho, zvokuti vakawanda vavaSamaria vanosvika pakudavira kuti “uyu ndiye Muponesi wenyika zvirokwazvo.” (4:24, 34, 42) Pakusvika Kana yeGarirea, Jesu anoporesa mwanakomana womuchinda asingamboendi pedyo nomubhedha wake.

15. Ipomeroi dzinoitirwa Jesu muJerusarema, asi anopindura sei vatsoropodzi vake?

¹⁵ Jesu anokwira zvakare kuJerusarema nokuda kwomutambo wavaJudha. Anoporesa murume anorwara paSabata, uye ikoku kunomutsa tsoropodzo huru. Jesu anopindura, kuti: “Baba vangu vakaramba vachishanda kusvikira zvino, uye ini ndinoramba ndichishanda.” (5:17, NW) Vatungamiriri vechiJudha zvino vanotaura kuti Jesu awedzera kumhura Mwari, kuya kwokuzviita amene akaenzana naMwari, kumhaka yokuputsa Sabata. Jesu anopindura kuti Mwanakomana haagoni kuita chinhu chimwe chaanotanga iye amene asi anotsamira chose chose pana Baba. Anoita kutaura kunoshamisa kwokuti “vose vari mumahwiro vachanzwa inzwi rake, vachabuda” kurumuko. Asi kuvateereri vake vasina kutenda, Jesu anoti: “Mungatenda seiko imi, iyemi munogamuchira kukudzwa mumwe kune mumwe, asi kukudzwa kunobva kuna Mwari, uri oga?”—5:28, 29, 44.

16. (a) Jesu anodzidzisei pamusoro pezvokudya noupenyu? (b) Petro anotaura sei kupwiswa kwavaapostora?

¹⁶ Apo Jesu anodyisa nenzira inoshamisa varume 5 000 nezvingwa zvishanu nehove duku mbiri, boka rinorangarira kumubata nokumuita mambo, asi anobva ndokukwira mugomo. Gare gare, anovatsiura nokuda kwokutevera “zvokudya zvinopera.” Panzvimbo pezvo, vanofanira kushandira “zvokudya zvinogara kuupenyu husingaperi.” Anoonesa kuti kumutenda soMwanakomana kudya chingwa choupenyu, uye anowedzera, kuti: “Kana musingadyi nyama yoMwanakomana womunhu, nokunwa ropa rake, hamuna upenyu mamuri.” Vakawanda vavadzidzi vake vanogumburwa naikoku uye vanomusiya. Jesu anobvunza vane 12, kuti: “Nemi munoda kubvawo here?” uye Petro anopindura, kuti: “Ishe, tichagoenda kuna aniko? Ndimi mune mashoko oupenyu husingaperi. Isu takatenda, tikaziva kuti ndimi Mutsvene waMwari.” (6:27, 53, 67-69) Zvisinei, Jesu, achiziva kuti Judhasi achamutengesa, anotaura kuti mumwe wavo mucheri.

17. Kudzidzisa kwaJesu mutembere paMutambo Wamatumba kunova nemugumisiroi?

¹⁷ “Chiedza” chinorwisana nerima (7:1–12:50). Jesu anokwira pachivande kuJerusarema uye anooneka pakati poMutambo Wamatumba, achidzidzisa pachena mutembere. Vanhu vanoita nharo pamusoro pokuti ndiKristu chaizvoizvo here. Jesu anovaudza, kuti: “Handina kuuya ini ndimene, asi wakandituma ndiye wazvokwadi, . . . ndiye wakandituma.” Pane imwe nhambo anodanidzira kuboka, kuti: “Ani naani, kana ane nyota, ngaauye kwandiri, anwe.” Vakuru vakuru vanotumwa kundosunga Jesu vanodzoka vasinaye uye vanoshuma kuvaprista, kuti: “Hakuna munhu wakatongotaura nokutaura kwomunhu uyo.” Vashatiriswa, vaFarise vanopindura kuti hakuna nomumwe wavatongi akatenda, uyewo hakuna muporofita upi noupi achamutswa muGarirea.—7:28, 29, 37, 46.

18. VaJudha vanounza chishoroi mukurwisana naJesu, uye anopindura sei?

¹⁸ Mukumwe kutaura, Jesu anoti: “Ndini chiedza chenyika.” Kupomero dzenhema dzokuti iye chapupu chenhema, dzokuti iye akaberekwa kunze kwomuchato, uye kuti iye muSamaria uye ane dhemoni, Jesu anopindura nesimba, kuti: “Kana ini ndichizvikudza, kuzvikudza kwangu hakuna maturo; unondikudza ndivo Baba.” Apo anozivisa kuti, “Abrahama asati avapo, ini ndaivapo,” vaJudha vanoita kumwe kuedza kusingabudiriri kumuuraya. (8:12, 54, 58) Vashatiriswa, gare gare vanobvunza mumwe munhu ane kuona uko Jesu adzorera nenzira inoshamisa, uye vanokandira munhu wacho kunze.

19. (a) Jesu anotaura sei nezvoukama hwake naBaba vake nokutarisira kwake makwai ake? (b) Anopindura sei vaJudha apo vanomutyisidzira?

¹⁹ Zvakare Jesu anotaura kuvaJudha, nguva ino pamusoro pomufudzi akaisvonaka, uyo anodana makwai ake nezita uye uyo anopa mweya wake nokuda kwamakwai ‘kuti agova noupenyu hwakawanda.’ Anoti: “Namamwe makwai ndinawo, asati ari edanga rino. Naiwo ndinofanira kuuya nawowo, achanzwa inzwi rangu; richava boka rimwe, nomufudzi mumwe.” (10:10, 16) Anoudza vaJudha kuti hakuna munhu anogona kubvuta gwai muruoko rwaBaba vake, uye anotaura kuti iye naBaba vake ndivamwe. Zvakare vanotsvaka kumutaka namabwe kusvikira afa. Mumhinduro kupomero yavo yokumhura Mwari, anovayeuchidza kuti mubhuku raMapisarema, vane simba vakati vapasi vanonongedzerwa kwavari sa“vamwari,” nepo akanongedzera kwaari amene soMwanakomana waMwari. (Pis. 82:6) Anovakurudzira kuti vangodavire havo mabasa ake.—Joh. 10:34.

20. (a) Jesu anotevera kuita chishamisoi chakatanhamara? (b) Ikoku kunotungamirira kuchii?

²⁰ KuBhetania pedyo neJerusarema kunobva mashoko okuti Razaro, hanzvadzi yaMaria naMarta, ari kurwara. Panguva iyo Jesu anosvika ikoko, Razaro afa uye atova namazuva mana ari muhwiro. Jesu anoita chishamiso chinokatyamadza chokudzorera Razaro kuupenyu, kuchiparira vakawanda kutenda Jesu. Ikoku kunoparira musangano chaiwo weSanihedrini, uko muprista mukuru, Kayafasi, anogombedzerwa kuporofita kuti Jesu anofanira kufira rudzi. Sezvo vaprista vakuru navaFarise vanorangana kumuuraya, Jesu anovanda kwechinguvana.

21. (a) Vanhu navaFarise vanoita sei kukupinda kwaJesu muJerusarema? (b) Jesu anopa muenzanisoi pamusoro porufu rwake nechinangwa charwo, uye anokurudzirei pavanzwi vake?

²¹ Mazuva matanhatu Paseka isati yasvika, Jesu anouyazve Bhetania achienda kuJerusarema, uye anovaraidzwa nemhuri yaRazaro. Ipapo, zuva pashure peSabata, pana Nisani 9, akagara pamhuru yembongoro, anopinda muJerusarema pakati pokupembera kweboka guru; uye vaFarise vanotaurirana, kuti: “Munoona henyu kuti hamugoni chinhu; tarirai, nyika yose yamutevera.” Kupfurikidza nomuenzaniso wetsanga yegorosi, Jesu anozivisa kuti anofanira kusimwa murufu kuti zvibereko zvigoberekwa zvoupenyu husingaperi. Anokumbira Baba vake kuti varumbidze zita Ravo, uye inzwi rinonzwika kubva kudenga: “Ndatorikudza, ndicharikudzazve.” Jesu anokurudzira vanzwi vake kudzivisa rima ndokufamba muchiedza, hungu, kuva “vana vechiedza.” Sezvo masimba erima anomufukidza, anokumbira zvakasimba pachena kuti vanhu vamutende ‘sechiedza chakapinda munyika.’—12:19, 28, 36, 46.

22. Jesu anogovera muenzanisoi pachidyo chePaseka, uye murayiroi mutsva waanopa?

²² Zano rokuoneka raJesu kuvaapostora vakatendeka (13:1–16:33). Apo chirariro chePaseka navane 12 chiri kufambira mberi, Jesu anosimuka uye, achibvisa nguo dzake dzokunze, anotora mucheka nomudziyo ndokupfuurira kushambidza tsoka dzavadzidzi vake. Petro anoramba, asi Jesu anomuudza kuti iyewo anofanira kuita kuti tsoka dzake dzishambidzwe. Jesu anopa zano vadzidzi kuti vatevere muenzaniso wake wokuzvininipisa, nokuti “muranda haazi mukuru kunashe wake.” Anotaura nezvomutengesi uye ipapo anodzinga Judhasi. Pashure pokunge Judhasi abuda, Jesu anovamba kusanotaura navamwe. “Ndinokupai murayiro mutsva, wokuti mudane; sezvandakakudai ini, nemi mudanewo saizvozvo. Vose vachaziva naizvozvi kuti muri vadzidzi vangu, kana mune rudo pakati penyu.”—13:16, 34, 35.

23. Senyaradzo, itariroi uye mubetserii akapikirwa izvo Jesu anokurukura?

²³ Jesu anotaura mashoko anoshamisa enyaradzo nokuda kwavateveri vake munguva ino yakakomba. Vanofanira kutenda Mwari naiyewo. Mumba maBaba vake, mune dzimba dzakawanda, uye achauyazve ndokuvagamuchira kumusha kwaari amene. “Ndini nzira, nezvokwadi, noupenyu,” anodaro Jesu. “Hapana munhu unouya kuna Baba, asi nokwandiri.” Nenzira inonyaradza anoudza vateveri vake kuti kupfurikidza nokutenda, vachaita mabasa makuru zvikuru kupfuura iye uye kuti achavapa chipi kana chipi chavanokumbira muzita rake, kuti Baba vake vagorumbidzwa. Anovavimbisa mumwe mubetseri, “mudzimu wezvokwadi” (NW), uyo uchavadzidzisa zvinhu zvose ndokuvayeuchidza zvose zvaakavaudza. Vanofanira kufara kuti ari kuenda kuna Baba vake, nokuti, anodaro Jesu, “Baba vakuru kwandiri.”—14:6, 17, 28.

24. Jesu anokurukura sei ukama hwavaapostora naiye amene naBaba, nezvikomboreroi nokuda kwavo?

²⁴ Jesu anotaura nezvake amene somuzambiringa wechokwadi uye Baba vake somurimi. Anovakurudzira kuramba vari muumwe naye, achiti: “Baba vangu vanokudzwa naizvozvi, kuti mubereke zvibereko zvakawanda; uye muchava vadzidzi vangu.” (15:8) Uye mufaro wavo ungazara sei? Kupfurikidza nokudanana kungofanana nokuvada kwaakaita. Anovaidza kuti shamwari. Ukama hunokosha zvakadini! Nyika ichavavenga sezvo yakamuvenga, uye ichavatambudza, asi Jesu achatuma mubetseri kuti apupure pamusoro pake nokutungamirira vadzidzi vake kupinda muzvokwadi yose. Nhamo yavo yenguva iyoyo ichava kufara apo anovaona zvakare, uye hapana munhu achavatorera mufaro wavo. Anonyaradza mashoko ake, anoti: “Baba vamene vanokudai, nokuti makandida ini, mukatenda, kuti ini ndakabva kuna Baba.” Hungu, vachaparadzirwa, asi, anodaro Jesu, “ndakareva izvozvi kwamuri, kuti muve norugare mandiri. Panyika munotambudzika; asi tsungai mwoyo, ini ndakakunda nyika.”—16:27, 33.

25. (a) Jesu anobvumei mumunyengetero kuna Baba vake? (b) Anokumbirei pamusoro pake amene, vadzidzi vake, uye avo vachatenda kupfurikidza neshoko ravo?

²⁵ Munyengetero waJesu nokuda kwavadzidzi vake (17:1-26). Mumunyengetero Jesu anobvuma kuna Baba vake, kuti: “Upenyu husingaperi ndihwo, kuti vakuzivei imi, Mwari uri woga wazvokwadi, naJesu Kristu wamakatuma.” Apedza basa rake rakagoverwa pasi pano, Jesu zvino anokumbira kurumbidzwa parutivi paBaba vake nembiri yaakanga anayo nyika isati yavapo. Akaratidza zita raBaba kuvadzidzi vake uye anokumbira kuti Baba vavarinde ‘nokuda kwezita Ravo vamene.’ Anokumbira Baba, kwete kuti vabviswe munyika, asi kuvachengeta pane wakaipa nokuvatsvenesa kupfurikidza neshoko Ravo rezvokwadi. Jesu anotambanudza munyengetero wake kuti ubatanidze vose avo vachigere kutenda kupfurikidza nokunzwa shoko raava vadzidzi, “kuti vose vave vamwe; semi Baba muri mandiri, neni mamuri; kuti naivo vave matiri, kuti nyika itende kuti makandituma.” Anokumbira kuti ivava vagogoveranawo naye mumbiri yake yokudenga, nokuti akavazivisa zita raBaba vake, kuti rudo Rwavo ruve mavari.—17:3, 11, 21.

26. Nhoroondo yacho inotaurei pamusoro pokusungwa kwaJesu nokutongwa?

²⁶ Kristu anotongwa uye anorovererwa (18:1–19:42). Jesu navadzidzi vake vanoenda zvino kubindu mhiri kwoMupata weKedhroni. Ndepano apo Judhasi anooneka neboka ravarwi uye anotengesa Jesu, uyo anobvuma nounyoro. Zvisinei, Petro anomudzivirira nomunondo uye anotsiurwa: “Mukombe wandakapiwa naBaba, handingaunwi here?” (18:11) Jesu ipapo anoendeswa akasungwa kuna Anasi, tezvara vaKayafasi, muprista mukuru. Johane naPetro vanosanotevera, uye Johane anovapinza muruvazhe rwomuprista mukuru, uko Petro anoramba katatu kuziva Kristu. Jesu anotanga kubvunzwa naAnasi uye ipapo anounzwa pamberi paKayafasi. Pashure pacho, Jesu anounzwa pamberi pagavhuna weRoma Pirato, vaJudha vachichemera tongero yorufu.

27. (a) Mibvunzoi pamusoro pokuva mambo nechiremera inomutswa naPirato, uye Jesu anotsinhira sei? (b) Chimiroi pamusoro pokuva mambo icho vaJudha vanova nacho?

²⁷ Kumubvunzo waPirato wokuti, “Iwe uri mambosu?” Jesu anopindura, kuti: “Unoreva iwe kuti ndiri mambo. Ndakaberekerwa izvo, ndakauyira izvozvo panyika, kuti ndipupure zvokwadi.” (18:37) Pirato, asingawani ufakazi chaihwoihwo hunorwisana naJesu, anokarakadza kumusunungura, sezvo yakanga iri tsika kusunungura musungwa akati paPaseka, asi vaJudha vanoda gororo Bharabhasi panzvimbo pezvo. Pirato anoita kuti Jesu apurwe, uye zvakare anoedza kumusunungura, asi vaJudha vanodanidzira, kuti: “Roverai pamuchinjikwa, roverai pamuchinjikwa! . . . nokuti wakazviita Mwanakomana waMwari.” Apo Pirato anoudza Jesu kuti ane chiremera chokumuroverera, Jesu anopindura, kuti: “Haungatongovi nesimba pamusoro pangu, kana usina kuripiwa richibva kumusoro.” Zvakare vaJudha vanodanidzira, kuti: “Bvisai, Bvisai, mumurovere pamuchinjikwa! . . . Hatina mambo, asi Kesari chete.” Pana ikoku, Pirato anomugamuchidza kuti arovererwe.—19:6, 7, 11, 15.

28. Chii chinoitika paGorgota, uye uporofitai hunozadzikwa ipapo?

²⁸ Jesu anoendeswa “kunzvimbo yainzi, Dehenya, nechiHebheru ichinzi Gorgota,” uye anoroverwa pakati pavamwe vaviri. Pamusoro pake Pirato anosungira zita rechiratidzo rokuti “Jesu weNazareta, Mambo wavaJudha,” rakanyorwa muchiHebheru, chiLatin, uye chiGiriki, kuti vose vaone ndokunzwisisa. (19:17, 19) Jesu anoronzesa amai vake kutarisiro yaJohane uye, pashure pokugamuchira waini inovava, anodanidzira, kuti: “Zvapera!” Ipapo anokotamisa musoro wake ndokufa. (19:30) Mukuzadzikwa kwouporofita, boka rinouraya rinokanda mijenya nokuda kwezvipfeko zvake, rinorega kudimbura makumbo ake, uye rinobaya rutivi rwake nomunondo. (Joh. 19:24, 32-37; Pis. 22:18; 34:20; 22:17; Zek. 12:10) Pashure pacho, Josefa weArimatia naNikodhimo vanogadzirira mutumbi nokuda kwokuvigwa ndokuuisa muhwiro hweyeuko hutsva huri pedyopo.

29. (a) Kuonekai uko Jesu akamutswa anoita kuvadzidzi vake? (b) Jesu anosimbisa mapfundoi mutsinhiro dzake dzokupedzisira kuna Petro?

²⁹ Kuoneka kwaKristu akamutswa (20:1–21:25). Ufakazi hwakawanda hwaJohane pamusoro paKristu hunoguma zvinofadza norumuko. Maria Magdharene anowana hwiro husina chinhu, uye Petro nomumwe mudzidzi (Johane) vanomhanyira ikoko asi vanoona micheka bedzi nomucheka womumusoro zvasara. Maria, uyo anoramba ari pedyo nehwiro, anotaura nengirozi mbiri uye pakupedzisira, sokufunga kwaanoita, nomurimi webindu. Apo anopindura kuti, “Maria!” pakarepo anomuziva kuva Jesu. Tevere, Jesu anozviratidzira amene kuvadzidzi vake vakakiya masuo, uye anovaudza nezvesimba ravachagamuchira kupfurikidza nomudzimu mutsvene. Pashure pacho, Tomasi, uyo akanga asipo, anoramba kudavira, asi mazuva masere gare gare Jesu anooneka zvakare uye anomupa chibvumikiso, kwachiri Tomasi anodanidzira, kuti: “Ishe wangu, naMwari wangu!” (20:16, 28) Mazuva akati gare gare Jesu anosangana zvakare navadzidzi vake, paGungwa reTibheriasi; anovagovera kubata hove kunoshamisa ipapo anosvusvura navo. Katatu anobvunza Petro kana achimuda. Sezvo Petro anoomerera kuti anodaro, Jesu anotaura nenzira yakananga, kuti: “Fudza makwayana angu,” “Chengeta makwai angu,” “Fudza makwai angu.” Ipapo anofanotaura kuti Petro acharumbidza Mwari kupfurikidza norudzii rworufu. Petro anobvunza pamusoro paJohane, uye Jesu anoti: “Kana ndikada kuti agare kusvikira ndichiuya, uneiko nazvo iwe?”—21:15-17, 22.

CHIKONZERO NEI RICHIBETSERA

30. Johane anopa sei simbiso chaiyo kuvara rorudo?

³⁰ Aine simba mukunanga kwawo uye achipwisa mukuratidzira kwawo kune udzame, kunofadza Shoko, iro rakava Kristu, mashoko akanaka “[a]kanyorwa naJohane” anotipa chiono chakajeka chouyu Mwanakomana wakazodzwa waMwari mushoko nemuchiito. Kunyange zvazvo munyorero waJohane namashoko zviri zvakapfava, zvichimuratidzira somunhu “[a]sina kudzidza, [a]singazivi chinhu,” mukutaura kwake mune simba guru. (Mabasa 4:13) Evhangeri yake inosvika kumugumo wayo mukurusa mukuzivisa rudo rwapedyo rwuri pakati paBaba noMwanakomana, pamwe chete noukama hwakakomborerwa, hworudo huchawanwa kupfurikidza nokuva muumwe navo. Johane anoshandisa mashoko okuti “rudo” uye “akada” kazhinji kazhinji zvikuru kupfuura dzimwe Evhangeri nhatu dzakabatanidzwa.

31. Ukamai hunosimbiswa muEvhangeri yose yaJohane, uye hunosvika sei kuratidzirwa kwahwo kwokupedzisira?

³¹ Pakuvamba hwakanga huri ukama hune mbiri hwakadini hwaivako pakati peShoko naMwari Baba! Munhungamiro yaMwari “Shoko rakazova nyama, rikagara pakati pedu, (tikaona kubwinya kwake, kubwinya sokwowakaberekwa mumwe chete waBaba), azere nenyasha nezvokwadi.” (Joh. 1:14) Ipapo, munhoroondo yose yaJohane, Jesu anosimbisa ukama hwake kuva uhwo hwokuzviisa pasi mukuteerera kusingapokani kukuda kwaBaba. (4:34; 5:19, 30; 7:16; 10:29, 30; 11:41, 42; 12:27, 49, 50; 14:10) Kuratidzira kwake uhwu ukama hwapedyo kunosvika mugumo wako une mbiri mumunyengetero unoorora wakanyorwa muna Johane ganhuro 17, umo Jesu anoshuma kuna Baba vake kuti apedza basa ravakamupa kuti aite mupasi uye anowedzera, kuti: “Zvino imi Baba, mundikudzei pamberi penyu nokukudzwa kwandaiva nako kwamuri, nyika isati yavapo.”—17:5.

32. Jesu anoratidza ukama hwake amene navadzidzi vake uye kuti ndiye mukoto bedzi kupfurikidza nawo zvikomborero zvoupenyu zvinouya kurudzi rwomunhu kupfurikidza nokutaurai?

³² Zvakadiniko noukama hwaJesu navadzidzi vake? Basa raJesu somukoto bedzi uyo zvikomborero zvaMwari zvinotambanudzirwa kupfurikidza nawo kuna ivava nokurudzi rwose rwomunhu rinotanhamariswa nguva dzose. (14:13, 14; 15:16; 16:23, 24) Anonongedzerwa kwaari se“Gwayana raMwari,” “chingwa choupenyu,” “chiedza chenyika,” “mufudzi wakanaka,” “kumuka noupenyu,” “nzira, nezvokwadi, noupenyu,” uye “muzambiringa wazvokwadi.” (1:29; 6:35; 8:12; 10:11; 11:25; 14:6; 15:1) Muuyu muenzaniso wo“muzambiringa wazvokwadi” Jesu anozivisa chinzwano chinoshamisa chiripo kwete bedzi pakati pavateveri vake vechokwadi naye amene asiwo naBaba vake muuyu muenzaniso wo“muzambiringa wazvokwadi.” Kupfurikidza nokubereka zvibereko zvakawanda, vacharumbidza Baba vake. “Baba sezvavakandida, neni ndakakudai; garai murudo rwangu,” Jesu anopa zano kudaro.—15:9.

33. Chinangwai choushumiri hwake icho Jesu anotaura mumunyengetero?

³³ Ipapo anonyengetera zvapachokwadi sei kuna Jehovha kuti vadiwa vose ivava, uyewo ‘avo vanomutenda kupfurikidza neshoko ravo,’ vagova vamwe naBaba vake naiye amene, vatsveneswe neshoko rezvokwadi! Zvirokwazvo, chinangwa chose choushumiri hwaJesu chinoratidzirwa nenzira inoshamisa mumashoko okupedzisira omunyengetero wake kuna Baba vake: “Ndakavazivisa zita renyu, uye ndicharizivisa, kuti rudo, rwamakandida narwo, ruve mavari, neni ndive mavari.”—17:20, 26.

34. Izanoi rinobetsera iro Jesu akapa pamusoro penzira yokukurira nayo nyika?

³⁴ Kunyange zvazvo Jesu akanga achisiya vadzidzi vake munyika, akanga asiri kuzovasiya vasina mubetseri, “mweya wazvokwadi.” Uyezve, akavapa zano rakakodzera nguva pamusoro poukama hwavo nenyika, achivaratidza nzira yokukunda nayo sa“vana vechiedza.” (14:16, 17; 3:19-21; 12:36) “Kana imi muchigara mushoko rangu, muri vadzidzi vangu,” akadaro Jesu, “[uye] muchaziva zvokwadi, nezvokwadi ichakusunungurai.” Mukupesana, akati kuvanakomana verima: “Imi muri vababa venyu Dhiyabhorosi, munoda kuita kuda kwakaipa kwababa venyu. . . . Haamiri muzvokwadi, nokuti maari hamuna zvokwadi.” Ngativei vakatsunga, ipapoka, kumira zvakatsiga muzvokwadi nguva dzose, hungu, ku“namata Baba mu[mudzimu, NW] nezvokwadi,” uye kuwana simba mumashoko aJesu, anoti: “Tsungai mwoyo, ini ndakakunda nyika.”—8:31, 32, 44; 4:23; 16:33.

35. (a) Chipupuriroi icho Jesu anopa pamusoro poUmambo hwaMwari? (b) Neiko Evhangeri yaJohane ichipa chisakiso chomufarwa nokuonga?

³⁵ Kwose ikoku kunewo chokuita noUmambo hwaMwari. Jesu akapupurira pakutongwa, kuti: “[Umambo, NW] hwangu hahuzi hwenyika ino; dai [umambo, NW] hwangu hwaiva hwenyika ino, varanda vangu vangadai vairwa, kuti ndirege kuiswa kuvaJudha; asi zvino [umambo, NW] hwangu hahuzi hwapano.” Ipapo, mukupindura mubvunzo waPirato, akati: “Unoreva iwe kuti ndiri mambo. Ndakaberekerwa izvo, ndakauyira izvozvo panyika, kuti ndipupure zvokwadi. Mumwe nomumwe wezvokwadi unonzwa inzwi rangu.” (18:36, 37) Zvirokwazvo vanofara avo vanoteerera uye avo vano“berekw[a] kutsva” kuti va“pind[e] mu[umambo NW] hwaMwari” muumwe naMambo. Anofara “mamwe makwai” ayo anoteerera inzwi rouyu Mufudzi Mambo ndokuwana upenyu. Kune, zvirokwazvo, chisakiso chokuonga gadziriro yeEvhangeri yaJohane, nokuti yakanyorwa “kuti mutende kuti Jesu ndiye Kristu, Mwanakomana waMwari; uye kuti, muchitenda, muve noupenyu muzita rake.”—3:3, 5; 10:16; 20:31.

[Mashoko Omuzasi]