Utatu Hunodzidziswa muBhaibheri Here?

“Chitendero cheKaturike ndeichi, chokuti tinonamata Mwari mumwe muUtatu uye Utatu Muchinzwano. . . . Naizvozvo Baba ndiMwari, Mwanakomana ndiMwari, uye Mweya Mutsvene ndiMwari. Bva ivo havasati vari vaMwari Vatatu, asi Mwari Mumwe.”

MUNA aya mashoko Chitendero chaAthanasius chinorondedzera dzidziso huru yechiKristudhomu—Utatu.a Kana uri mutezo wechechi, muKaturike kana kuti muPurotesitendi, ungaudzwa kuti iyi ndiyo dzidziso inokosha zvikurusa yaunofanira kudavira mairi. Asi unogona kutsanangura dzidziso yacho here? Vamwe vavanhu vakangwara zvikurusa muchiKristudhomu vakabvuma kusakwanisa kwavo kunzwisisa Utatu.

Neiko, ipapoka, vachihudavira? Imhaka yokuti Bhaibheri rinodzidzisa dzidziso yacho here? Mushakabvu John Robinson bhishopi weAnglican akapa mhinduro inonyandura mufungo kumubvunzo uyu mubhuku rake rinotengwa zvikurusa Honest to God. Akanyora kuti:

“Mukushanda kuparidzira nokudzidzisa kwakakurumbira kunopa murangariro usiri womuzvarirwo waKristu usingagoni kutsigirwa muTestamente Itsva. Kunongotaura zvako kuti Jesu akanga ari Mwari, munzira yakadaro yokuti mashoko okuti ‘Kristu’ uye ‘Mwari’ anochinjana. Asi hapana papi napapi mukushandiswa kweBhaibheri pakwakadaro. Testamente Itsva inotaura kuti Jesu akanga ari Shoko raMwari, inotaura kuti Mwari akanga ari muna Kristu, inotaura kuti Jesu ndiye Mwanakomana waMwari; asi haitauri kuti Jesu akanga ari Mwari, kwakangodaro zvako.”

John Robinson akanga ari munhu anoita nharo muChechi yeAnglican. Kunyanguvezvo, akanga akarurama here mukutaura kuti “Testamente Itsva” haina papi napapi painotaura kuti “Jesu akanga ari Mwari, kwakangodaro zvako”?

Chinotaura Bhaibheri

Vamwe vangapindura mubvunzo iwoyo kupfurikidza nokunokora mashoko ndima inotanga Evhangeri raJohane, inoti: “Pakutanga Shoko rakanga riripo, Shoko rakanga riri kuna Mwari, Shoko rakanga riri Mwari.” (Johane 1:1, King James Version) Ikoko hakupokanidzi izvo bhishopi weAnglican akataura here? Kwete chaizvoizvo. Seizvo John Robinson akaziva pasina panikiro, vamwe vashanduri vazvino uno havabvumirane nekushandura kweKing James Version rugwaro irworwo. Nemhaka yeiko? Nemhaka yokuti mukutaura kwokuti “Shoko rakanga riri Mwari” muchiGiriki chapakuvamba, shoko ra“Mwari” harina shoko chairo “the.” Mukutaura kwapakuvamba “Shoko rakanga riri kuna Mwari,” shoko ra“Mwari” ichairoiro, ndiko kuti, rine shoko chairo. Ikoku kunokuita kuti kusave kungabvira kuti mashoko maviri ave ane revo imwe cheteyo.

Nokudaro, dzimwe shanduro dzinoburitsa rutivi rworudzi mushanduro dzadzo. Somuenzaniso, vamwe vanoshandura kutaura kwacho kuti “Shoko rakanga riri roumwari.” (An American Translation, Schonfield) Moffatt anorishandura kuti “Logos akanga ari woumwari.” Zvisinei, achiratidzira kuti “woumwari” hakusati kwaizova kushandura kwakafanira zvikurusa pano, John Robinson nomutsoropodzi wamagwaro weBritain Sir Frederick Kenyon vose vari vaviri vakaonesa kuti kudai izvozvo zviri izvo Johane akanga achida kusimbisa, aigona kuva akashandisa shoko rechiGiriki nokuda kwo“umwari,” theiʹos. New World Translation, ichirangarira nomazvo shoko rokuti “Mwari” serisiri chairo, pamwe chete nokuburitsa rutivi rworudzi rwakaratidzirwa nomuumbiro wechiGiriki, inoshandisa shoko risiri chairo muchiNgezi: “Shoko rakanga riri mwari.”

Purofesa C. H. Dodd, mutungamiriri wechirongwa cheNew English Bible, anotsinhira pauyu mutoo, kuti: “Shanduro inobvira . . . yaizova kuti, ‘Shoko rakanga riri mwari’. Sokushandura kweshoko neshoko hakugoni kuwanirwa mhaka.” Zvisinei, The New English Bible haishanduri ndima yacho nenzira iyoyo. Panzvimbo pezvo, Johane 1:1 mushanduro iyoyo inorava, kuti: “Apo zvinhu zvose zvakavamba, Shoko raitovapo. Shoko rakagara naMwari, uye icho Mwari akanga ari, Shoko rakanga riri.” Neiko dare rokushandura risina kusarudza kushandura kwakapfava zvikuru? Purofesa Dodd anopindura, kuti: “Chikonzero nei kusingagamuchiriki ndechokuti kunopesana nomufungo waJohane wapanguva iyoyo, uye zvamazvirokwazvo mufungo wechiKristu wose zvawo.”—Technical Papers for the Bible Translator, Vhoriyamu 28, January 1977.

Revo Isina Kushatiswa yoRugwaro

Tingataura here kuti pfungwa yokuti Jesu akanga ari mwari uye kwete mumwe cheteyo naMwari Musiki inopesana nomufungo waJohane (ndiko kuti, muapostora Johane), pamwe chete nomufungo wechiKristu chose zvacho? Ngatinzverei mamwe magwaro eBhaibheri anonongedzera kuna Jesu nokuna Mwari, uye tichaona icho vamwe vatsinhiri vakararama Chitendero chaAthanasius chisati chaumbwa vakafunga pamusoro pamagwaro iwayo.

“Ini naBaba tiri vamwe.”—JOHANE 10:30

Novatian (c. 200-258 N.V.) akatsinhira kuti: “Sezvo Iye akataura chinhu ‘chimwe,’[b] vadzidzisi vezvinopesana ngavanzwisise kuti Iye haana kuti munhu ‘mumwe.’ Nokuti mumwe ari muchimiro chisiri chechirume nechechikadzi, anoreva bvumirano yenzanga, kwete chinzwano chomunhu oga. . . . Uyezve, kuti Iye anoti mumwe, ane nongedzero kubvumirano, uye fanano yechisarudzo, uye kusonganirano yorudo imene, sezvo nenzira ine mufungo Baba noMwanakomana vari mubvumirano imwe, murudo, uye muchidakadaka.”—Treatise Concerning the Trinity, ganhuro 27.

“Baba vakuru kwandiri.”—JOHANE 14:28.

Irenaeus (c. 130-200 N.V.): “Tingadzidza kupfurikidza Naye [Kristu] kuti Baba ari pamusoro pezvinhu zvose. Nokuti ‘Baba,’ anodaro Iye, ‘vakuru zvikuru kupinda ini.’ Baba, naizvozvo, akaziviswa naShe wedu muzivo.”—Against Heresies, Bhuku II, ganhuro 28.8.

“Upenyu husingaperi ndihwo, kuti vakuzivei imi, Mwari uri woga wazvokwadi, naJesu Kristu, wamakatuma.”—JOHANE 17:3.

Clement weAlexandria (c. 150-215 N.V.): “Kuziva Mwari asingagumi, mupi wezvisingagumi, uye kupfurikidza nezivo nenzwisiso kuva naMwari, ari wokutanga, uye akakwirira zvikurusa, uye mumwe, uye akanaka. . . . Iye ipapo angararama upenyu hwechokwadi anorairwa kutanga kuziva Iye ‘uyo asina munhu anoziva, kunze kwoMwanakomana anozivisa (Iye).’ (Mat. 11:27) Tevere kunofanira kudzidzwa ukuru hwoMuponesi pashure Pake.”—Who Is the Rich Man That Shall Be Saved? VII, VIII.

“Mwari mumwe, naBaba wavose, uri pamusoro pavose, unobata navose, uri mukati mavose.”—VAEFESO 4:6.

Irenaeus: “Uye nokudaro Mwari mumwe Baba anoziviswa, ari pamusoro pavose, uye muvose, uye muna vose. Baba zvamazvirokwazvo vari pamusoro pavose, uye Ndivo Musoro waKristu.”—Against Heresies, Bhuku V, ganhuro 18.2.

Ava vanyori vapakuvamba vakanzwisisa zvakajeka idzi ndima kuti dzinorondedzera Baba somukurusa, vari pamusoro pezvinhu zvose nomunhu ari wose kubatanidza Jesu Kristu. Tsinhiro dzavo hadzipi chikarakadzo chokuti vaidavira Utatu.

Mudzimu Mutsvene Unozivisa Zvokwadi Yose

Jesu akapikira vadzidzi vake kuti pashure porufu rwake norumuko, mudzimu mutsvene waizopiwa kwavari somubetseri. Akapikira, kuti: “Kana asvika, iye [mudzimu, NW] wazvokwadi, uchakutungamirirai muzvokwadi yose; . . . uchakuparidzirai zvinouya.”—Johane 14:16, 17; 15:26; 16:13.

Pashure porufu rwaJesu, chipikirwa ichocho chakazadzikwa. Bhaibheri rinoshuma kuti dzidziso itsva dzakaziviswa sei kana kuti kujekeswa kuungano yechiKristu kupfurikidza nebetsero yomudzimu mutsvene. Idzi dzidziso itsva dzakanyorwa mumabhuku ayo gare gare akava rutivi rwechipiri rweBhaibheri, Magwaro echiGiriki echiKristu, kana kuti “Testamente Itsva.” Muiyi vhenekero huru itsva, mune kuziviswa kupi nokupi kwokuvapo kweUtatu here? Aiwa. Mudzimu mutsvene unozivisa chimwe chinhu chakasiana zvikuru pamusoro paMwari naJesu.

Somuenzaniso, paPentekosta 33 N.V., pashure pokunge mudzimu mutsvene waburuka pavadzidzi vakaungana muJerusarema, muapostora Petro akapupurira kuboka raiva kunze pamusoro paJesu. Akataura pamusoro poUtatu here? Rangarira kumwe kwokutaura kwake, uye zvisarudzire umene: “Jesu . . . , murume wakaratidzwa naMwari kwamuri namabasa esimba, nezvishamiso, nezviratidzo zvakaitwa naMwari pakati penyu naye.” “Uyu Jesu wakamutswa naMwari, isu tose tiri zvapupu zvake tose.” “Uyu Jesu wamakarovera . . . , Mwari akamuita Ishe naKristu.” (Mabasa 2:22, 32, 36) Kwakasiana zvikuru nokudzidzisa Utatu, uku kutaura kwakaitwa naPetro akazadzwa nomudzimu kunosimbisa kuva pasi kwaJesu paBaba vake, kuti iye mushandiswi nokuda kwokuzadzikwa kwekuda kwaMwari.

Nokukurumidza pashure, mumwe muKristu akatendeka akataura pamusoro paJesu. Stefano akaunzwa pamberi peSanhedrini kuti apindure pomero. Panzvimbo pezvo, Stefano akachinja mugariro wacho, achitaura kuti vapomeri vake vakanga vakafanana navakare vavo vanopandukira. Pakupedzisira, chinyorwa chacho chinoti: “Asi iye azere no[mudzimu, NW] mutsvene, akatarisisa kudenga akaona kubwinya kwaMwari, naJesu amire kuruoko rworudyi rwaMwari, akati: ‘Tarirai, ndinoona denga rakazarurwa, noMwanakomana womunhu amire kuruoko rworudyi rwaMwari.’” (Mabasa 7:55, 56) Neiko mudzimu mutsvene wakazivisa Jesu kuva zvake “Mwanakomana womunhu” akamira kuruoko rworudyi rwaMwari uye kwete rutivi rwamwari akaenzana naBaba vake? Nomutoo wakajeka, Stefano akanga asina murangariro woUtatu.

Apo Petro akaendesa mashoko akanaka pamusoro paJesu kuna Kornerio, pakanga pane rimwe banza rokuzivisa dzidziso yoUtatu. Chii chakaitika? Petro akatsanangura kuti Jesu ndiye “Ishe wavose.” Asi akapfuurira kutsanangura kuti uku kuva ushe kwakabva kumanyuko akakwirira zvikuru. Jesu akanga ari “Ndiye wakagadzwa naMwari, kuti ave mutongi wavapenyu navakafa.” Pashure porumuko rwaJesu, Baba vake “akamupa [akamupa mvumo] kuti aonekwe pachena” kuvateveri vake. Uye mudzimu mutsvene? Unooneka muiyi kurukurirano asi kwete somunhu wechitatu woUtatu. Panzvimbo pezvo, “Mwari wakamuzodza [Jesu] no[mudzimu, NW] mutsvene nesimba.” Nokudaro, mudzimu mutsvene, usati uchitongova munhu, unoratidzwa kuva chimwe chinhu chisiri munhu, kufanana ne“simba” rinodudzwawo mundima iyoyo. (Mabasa 10:36, 38, 40, 42) Sanonzvera Bhaibheri, uye uchawana humwe ufakazi hwokuti mudzimu mutsvene hahusi hunhu asi simba rinobata basa rinogona kuzadza vanhu, kuvasunda, kuvaparira kupisa, uye kudururirwa pavari.

Pakupedzisira, muapostora Pauro akanga ane banza rakaisvonaka rokutsanangura Utatu—kudai hwakanga hwave huri dzidziso yechokwadi—apo akanga achiparidzira kuvaAtene. Muhurukuro yake, akanongedzera kuartari yavo “Kuna Mwari Usingazivikanwi” ndokuti: “Chamunonamata musingazivi, ndicho chandinokuparidzirai.” Akazivisa Utatu here? Aiwa. Akarondedzera “Mwari akasika nyika nezvose zviri mairi, iye Tenzi wedenga napasi.” Asi zvakadiniko nezvaJesu? “[Mwari] wakatara zuva, raachatonga nyika naro nokururama, nomurume waakagadza.” (Mabasa 17:23, 24, 31) Hapana chikarakadzo choUtatu ipapo!

Kutaura idi, Pauro akatsanangura chimwe chinhu pamusoro pamadonzo aMwari chinokuita kusabvire kuti Jesu naBaba vake mativi akaenzana oUtatu. Akanyora, kuti: “[Mwari, NW] ‘wakaisa zvinhu zvose pasi petsoka dzake [Jesu].’ Zvino kana achiti: ‘Zvose zvakaiswa pasi pake,’ zvinoonekwa pachena kuti iye, wakaisa zvose pasi pake, haaiswi ipapowo. Zvino kana zvose zvaiswa pasi pake, ipapo noMwanakomanawo amene uchaiswa pasi paiye wakaisa zvose pasi pake, kuti Mwari ave zvose kuna vose.” (1 VaKorinte 15:27, 28) Nokudaro, Mwari achangove achiri pamusoro pezvose, kubatanidza Jesu.

Utatu hunodzidziswa muBhaibheri here, ipapo? Aiwa. John Robinson akanga akarurama. Hahusi muBhaibheri, uyewo hahusi rutivi rwo“mufungo wechiKristu.” Unorangarira ikoku sokunokosha kukunamata kwako here? Unofanira. Jesu akati: “Upenyu husingaperi ndihwo, kuti vakuzivei imi, Mwari uri woga wazvokwadi, naJesu Kristu wamakatuma.” (Johane 17:3) Kana tikarangarira kunamata kwedu Mwari nomutoo wakakomba, kunokosha kuti timuzive sezvaari chaizvoizvo, sezvaakazvizivisa amene kwatiri. Ndipapo bedzi tinogona zvirokwazvo kuti tiri pakati pa“vanamati vechokwadi” va“nonamata Baba [nomudzimu, NW] nezvokwadi.”—Johane 4:23.

[Mashoko Omuzasi]

[Mashoko okukwezva vaverengi ari papeji 28]

Pfungwa yakajeka yoRugwaro inoratidza nomutoo wakajeka kuti Jesu naBaba vake havasi Mwari mumwe

[Mashoko okukwezva vaverengi ari papeji 29]

Neiko mudzimu mutsvene usina kuzivisa kuti Jesu akanga ari Mwari pashure pePentekosta 33 N.V.?