Zvibayiro Zvaifadza Mwari
“Mupristi mukuru wose anogadzwa kuti ape zvipo nezvibayiro.”—VAHEBHERU 8:3.
1. Nei vanhu vachinzwa kuti vanofanira kutsvaka kubatsirwa naMwari?
“KUBAYIRA kunenge kuri ‘muropa romunhu’ sokunyengetera; anobayira anoratidza zvaanofunga pamusoro pake pachake, anonyengeterawo anoratidza zvaanofunga pamusoro paMwari,” anonyora kudaro munyori wenhau dzine chokuita neBhaibheri Alfred Edersheim. Kubva panguva yakapinda chivi munyika, chakaunza marwadzo okuva nemhaka, kuparadzaniswa naMwari, uye kunzwa usingabatsiri. Kusunungurwa mazviri kunodiwa. Zviri nyore kunzwisisa kuti apo vanhu vanokaruka vave kutambura kudaro, vanonzwa kuti vanofanira kutsvaka kubatsirwa naMwari.—VaRoma 5:12.
2. Chinyorwa chipi chezvibayiro zvokutanga zvaiitirwa Mwari chatinowana muBhaibheri?
2 Chinyorwa chokutanga cheBhaibheri pamusoro pezvinopiwa zvaiitirwa Mwari chinotaura nezvaKaini naAbheri. Tinorava kuti: “Zvino nguva yakati yapfuura, Kaini akauya nezvibereko zvevhu, chive chipo kuna Jehovha. NaAbheriwo akauya namakwayana ake emhongora namafuta awo.” (Genesi 4:3, 4) Tevere, tinoona kuti Noa, akachengetedzwa naMwari pakaitika Mafashamo makuru akaparadza chizvarwa chakaipa chezuva rake, akanzwa achifanira ku“pisira [“zvipiwa,” NW] zvinopiswa paartari” kuna Jehovha. (Genesi 8:20) Pazviitiko zvakati kuti, Abrahamu mushumiri akatendeka uye shamwari yaMwari, afadzwa nezvipikirwa uye zvikomborero zvaMwari, ‘akavaka atari akadana zita raJehovha.’ (Genesi 12:8; 13:3, 4, 18) Gare gare, Abrahamu akasangana nomuedzo wakakura kupfuura mimwe yose wokutenda kwake paakaudzwa naJehovha kuti apire mwanakonama wake Isaka sechinopiwa chinopiswa. (Genesi 22:1-14) Nhoroondo idzi, kunyange zvazvo dziri pfupi, dzinojekesa zvikuru nhau yechibayiro, sezvatichaona.
3. Zvibayiro zvine basa rei mukunamata?
3 Kubva munhoroondo dzomuBhaibheri idzi nedzimwe, zviri pachena kuti kupa rudzi rwakati rwechibayiro chaiva chinhu chinokosha zvikuru chokunamata nguva refu Jehovha asati apa mitemo chaiyo ine chokuita nazvo. Zvichienderana neizvi, rimwe bhuku rinorondedzera “chibayiro” se“tsika yechitendero umo chinhu chinopiwa kuna mwari kuitira kutanga, kuchengeta, kana kuti kudzorera kuwirirana pakati pomunhu nevanoera.” Asi izvi zvinomutsa mibvunzo inokosha yakakodzera kuti tinyatsofunga nezvayo, yakadai seyokuti: Nei chibayiro chichidiwa mukunamata? Zvibayiro zvorudzii zvinogamuchirwa naMwari? Uye zvibayiro zvakare zvinorevei kwatiri nhasi?
Nei Chibayiro Chichidiwa?
4. Chii chakaitika kuna Adhamu naEvha pavakatadza?
4 Adhamu paakatadza, akadaro nemaune. Kutora kwake nokudya muchero womuti wokuziva zvakanaka nezvakaipa chaiva chiito chokusateerera achiziva hake. Chirango chokusateerera ikoko rwaiva rufu, sezvakanga zvataura Mwari zvakajeka kuti: “Nomusi waunoudya, uchafa zvirokwazvo.” (Genesi 2:17) Adhamu naEvha vakazokohwa mubayiro wechivi—vakafa.—Genesi 3:19; 5:3-5.
5. Nei Jehovha ariye akatanga kuita chinhu kubatsira vana vaAdhamu, uye Iye akavaitirei?
5 Zvisinei, zvakadini nevana vaAdhamu? Zvavakagara nhaka chivi nokusakwana kubva kuna Adhamu, vakangoparadzaniswawo naMwari, havana tariro, uye vanofa sezvakangoita vanhu vaviri vokutanga. (VaRoma 5:14) Zvisinei, Jehovha ndiMwari kwete chete wokururamisira nesimba asiwo—kutaura chokwadi, zvikurukuru—worudo. (1 Johani 4:8, 16) Saka ndiye anotanga kugadzirisa chikanganiso chacho. Rataura kuti “mubayiro unoripa chivi rufu,” Bhaibheri rinoenderera mberi richiti, “asi chipo chinopiwa naMwari upenyu husingaperi achishandisa Kristu Jesu Ishe wedu.”—VaRoma 6:23.
6. Ndokupi kuri kuda kwaJehovha pamusoro pokukuvadza kwakaita chivi chaAdhamu?
6 Zvakazoitwa naJehovha Mwari kusimbisa chipo ichocho, kwaiva kugovera chimwe chinhu chaizofukidza kurasikirwa kunokonzerwa nokudarika kwaAdhamu. MuchiHebheru, shoko rokuti ka·pharʹ pakutanga zvimwe raireva “kufukidza” kana kuti zvimwe “kudzima,” uye rinoshandurwawo kuti “kuyananisa.”a Namamwe mashoko, Jehovha akagovera nzira yakakodzera yokufukidza chivi chakagarwa nhaka kubva kuna Adhamu ndokudzima kukuvadza kwakavapo kuitira kuti vaya vanokwanisa kuwana chipo ichocho vagone kusunungurwa pakutongerwa chivi norufu.—VaRoma 8:21.
7. (a) Chirango chaMwari kuna Satani chakaita kuti pave netariro yei? (b) Mubhadharoi unofanira kubhadharwa kuti vanhu vasunungurwe muchivi norufu?
7 Tariro yokusunungurwa muuranda hwechivi norufu yakataurwa nezvayo pakangotadza vanhu vaviri vokutanga. Achizivisa chirango chake kuna Satani, aimirirwa nenyoka, Jehovha akataura kuti: “Ndichaisa ruvengo pakati pako nomukadzi, napakati porudzi rwako rorudzi rwake; irwo ruchapwanya musoro wako, newe uchapwanya chitsitsinho charwo.” (Genesi 3:15) Nokutaura ikoko kwouprofita, chiedza chetariro chakati bha-a kune vose vaizotenda chipikirwa ichocho. Zvisinei, kune mubhadharo unofanira kubhadharirwa kusunungurwa ikoko. Mbeu yakapikirwa yaisazongouya yoparadza Satani; Mbeu inofanira kupwanywa chitsitsinho, kureva kuti, inofanira kufa, kunyange zvisiri zvechigarire.
8. (a) Kaini akava sei anogumbura? (b) Nei chibayiro chaAbheri chakagamuchirwa mukuona kwaMwari?
8 Hapana mubvunzo kuti Adhamu naEvha vakafungisisa kuti Mbeu yakapikirwa iyoyo yaiva ani. Evha paakapona mwanakomana wake wedangwe, Kaini, akazivisa kuti: “Ndawana munhu, ndichibatsirwa naJehovha.” (Genesi 4:1) Akanga achifunga kuti zvimwe mwanakomana wake ndiye aizova mbeu yacho here? Kana aifunga kudaro kana kuti kwete, Kaini, pamwe nechinopiwa chake, zvakaratidza kuva zvinogumbura. Kune rimwe divi, munun’una wake Abheri akaratidza kutenda muchipikirwa chaMwari uye akanzwa achida kupa zvokutanga zvamakwai ake kuti zvive chibayiro kuna Jehovha. Tinorava kuti: “Nokutenda Abheri akapa Mwari chibayiro chaikosha kupfuura chaKaini, kunova kutenda kwaakapupurirwa nakwo kuti akanga akarurama.”—VaHebheru 11:4.
9. (a) Abheri akaratidza kutenda muchii, uye akazviratidza sei? (b) Chibayiro chaAbheri chakaitei?
9 Kutenda kwaAbheri kwaisangova kungotenda kuti kuna Mwari, kunofanira kunge kwaivawo naKaini. Abheri aitenda muchipikirwa chaMwari cheMbeu yaizoponesa vanhu vakatendeka. Haana kunge ajekeserwa kuti izvozvo zvaizoitwa sei, asi chipikirwa chaMwari chakaita kuti Abheri azive kuti mumwe munhu aizofanira kupwanywa chitsitsinho. Hungu, zviri pachena kuti akafunga kuti ropa raizofanira kudeurwa—pfungwa chaiyo yechibayiro. Abheri akapa chipo chaisanganisira upenyu neropa kuTsime roupenyu, zvimwe sechiratidzo chokushuva kwake zvikuru uye kutarisira kuzadzikwa kwechipikirwa chaJehovha. Uku kuratidzwa kwokutenda ndiko kwakaita kuti chibayiro chaAbheri chifadze Jehovha, uye munzira duku, chakaratidza zvinofanira kuva zvakaita chibayiro chaicho—nzira iyo vanhu vanotadza vangataura nayo naMwari kuti vawane nyasha dzake.—Genesi 4:4; VaHebheru 11:1, 6.
10. Zvinoreva chibayiro zvakajekeswa sei nokukumbira kwaJehovha Abrahamu kupira Isaka?
10 Zvinonyatsoreva chibayiro zvakajekeswa nenzira inoshamisa apo Jehovha akarayira Abrahamu kupa mwanakomana wake Isaka sechinopiwa chinopiswa. Kunyange zvazvo chibayiro ichocho chisina kuzopiwa chaizvoizvo, chakashanda somufananidzo weizvo Jehovha pachake aizoita pakupedzisira—kupa Mwanakomana wake akaberekwa mumwe woga sechibayiro chikuru kudarika zvose kuti aite kuda Kwake kuvanhu. (Johani 3:16) Achishandisa zvibayiro nezvinopiwa zvomuMutemo waMosesi, Jehovha akaronga mienzaniso youprofita kuti adzidzise vanhu vake vakasarudzwa zvavanofanira kuita kuti vakanganwirwe zvivi zvavo uye kusimbisa tariro yavo yoruponeso. Tingadzidzei mairi?
Zvibayiro Zvinogamuchirwa naJehovha
11. Marudzi api maviri ezvinopiwa aiitwa nomupristi mukuru waIsraeri, uye nokuda kwezvinangwa zvei?
11 “Mupristi mukuru wose anogadzwa kuti ape zvipo nezvibayiro,” anodaro muapostora Pauro. (VaHebheru 8:3) Cherechedza kuti Pauro anokamura zvinopiwa zvaiitwa nomupristi mukuru womuIsraeri yakare kuva marudzi maviri, kureva kuti, “zvipo” ne“zvibayiro,” kana kuti “zvibayiro zvezvivi.” (VaHebheru 5:1) Vanhu vanowanzopa zvipo kuti varatidze rudo nokuonga, uyewo kuti vakudziridze ushamwari, nyasha, kana kuti vagamuchirwe. (Genesi 32:20; Zvirevo 18:16) Saizvozvowo, zvakawanda zvezvinopiwa zvairayirwa noMutemo zvinogona kunzi “zvipo” kuna Mwari zvokutsvaka kugamuchirwa naye uye nyasha dzake.b Kudarika Mutemo kwaida kugadziriswa, uye kuti kudarika kwacho kugadziriswe, “zvibayiro zvezvivi” zvaipirwa. Mabhuku Mashanu Okutanga eBhaibheri, kunyanya Eksodho, Revhitiko, naNumeri, anogovera mashoko akawanda pamusoro pezvibayiro nezvinopiwa zvakasiyana-siyana. Kunyange zvazvo zvingava zvakatiomera chaizvo kunzwisisa ndokuyeuka mashoko ose, tinofanira kuongorora zvimwe zvinhu zvinokosha zvine chokuita nezvibayiro zvakasiyana-siyana.
12. Ndapapi muBhaibheri patingawana mashoko anotaura nezvezvibayiro, kana zvinopiwa, muMutemo?
12 Tingacherechedza kuti muna Revhitiko chitsauko 1 kusvikira ku7, marudzi makuru mashanu ezvinopiwa—chinopiwa chinopiswa, chinopiwa choupfu, chibayiro chokuyananisa, chinopiwa chezvivi nechinopiwa chemhosva—zvinotsanangurwa chimwe nechimwe, kunyange zvazvo zvimwe zvazvo zvaipiwa chaizvoizvo pamwe chete. Tinocherechedzawo kuti zvinopiwa izvi zvinotsanangurwa kaviri muzvitsauko izvi, nevavariro dzakasiyana: kamwe, muna Revhitiko 1:2 kusvikira ku6:7, pachitsanangura zvose zvaifanira kupiwa paatari, uye kechipiri, muna Revhitiko 6:8 kusvikira ku7:36, pachiratidza zvimwe zvaichengeterwa vapristi nezviya zvaichengeterwa anenge azvipa wacho. Kwozoti muna Numeri chitsauko 28 ne29, tinowana chingaonekwa senguva yokuita zvinhu ine zvakawanda, inoratidza chaifanira kupiwa zuva nezuva, vhiki nevhiki, mwedzi nomwedzi, uye pamitambo yegore negore.
13. Rondedzera zvinopiwa zvaiitwa nokuzvidira sezvipo kuna Mwari.
13 Pane zvaipiwa nokuzvidira sezvipo kana kuti senzira yokutaura nayo naMwari kuti uwane nyasha dzake paiva nezvinopiwa zvinopiswa, zvinopiwa zvoupfu, uye zvinopiwa zvokuyananisa. Dzimwe nyanzvi dzinofunga kuti shoko rechiHebheru nokuda kwe“chinopiwa chinopiswa” rinoreva “chinopiwa chokupfungaira” kana kuti “chinopiwa chinopfungaira.” Izvi zvakakodzera nokuti muchinopiwa chinopiswa, mhuka yaiurayiwa yaipiswa paatari uye hwema hunonhuwirira zvakanaka hwaipfungaira huchikwira kudenga kuna Mwari. Kusiyana kwechinopiwa chinopiswa kwaiva kwokuti pashure pokusaswa kweropa rayo kunhivi dzose dzeatari, mhuka yacho yaipiwa yose kuna Mwari. Mupristi ai‘pisa zvose paatari, chive chinopiwa chinopiswa, chinopiwa chinoitwa nomoto, chinonhuwira zvakanaka kuna Jehovha.’—Revhitiko 1:3, 4, 9; Genesi 8:21.
14. Chinopiwa choupfu chaipiwa sei?
14 Chinopiwa choupfu chinorondedzerwa muna Revhitiko chitsauko 2. Chaiva chinopiwa chokuzvidira chaisanganisira upfu hwakatsetseka, kakawanda kacho hwakapfaviswa namafuta, hunewo zvinonhuwira. Mupristi “atsamure tsama yake imwe youpfu hwakatsetseka namafuta nezvinonhuwira zviripo, agozvipisa paartari, chive chokurangaridza chipo icho, [“chinopiwa,” NW] chakaitwa nomoto, chinonhuwira zvakanaka kuna Jehovha.” (Revhitiko 2:2) Zvinonhuwira zvaiva zvimwe zvaigadziriswa zvinonhuwira zvitsvene zvaipiswa paatari yezvinonhuwira mutebhenekeri uye temberi. (Eksodho 30:34-36) Zviri pachena kuti Mambo Dhavhidhi aifunga izvi paakati: “Munyengetero wangu ngauve pamberi penyu sezvinonhuwira; nokusimudzwa kwamaoko angu se[“chinopiwa,” NW] chamadekwana.”—Pisarema 141:2.
15. Chibayiro chokuyananisa chaishandei?
15 Chimwe chinopiwa chokuzvidira chaiva chibayiro chokuyananisa, chinorondedzerwa muna Revhitiko chitsauko 3. Zita racho ringashandurwawo kuti “chibayiro chezvinopiwa zvorugare.” MuchiHebheru, shoko rokuti “rugare” rinoreva zvinopfuura kusangova nehondo nemhirizhonga. “MuBhaibheri, rinoreva izvi, uyewo mamiriro ezvinhu okuva norugare naMwari, kubudirira, mufaro, uye kufara,” rinodaro bhuku rinonzi Studies in the Mosaic Institutions. Saka, zvibayiro zvokuyananisa zvaipiwa, kwete kutsvaka rugare naMwari, sokunge kuitira kumufadza, asi kuratidza kuonga kana kuti kupemberera mamiriro ezvinhu akakomborerwa orugare naMwari anowanikwa navaya vanotenderwa naye. Vapristi neainge apa wacho vaidya chibayiro chacho pashure pokupiwa kweropa namafuta kuna Jehovha. (Revhitiko 3:17; 7:16-21; 19:5-8) Munzira yakanaka kwazvo uye yokufananidzira, aipa wacho, vapristi, uye Jehovha Mwari vaidya vose zvokudya, zvichiratidza ukama hune rugare hwaiva pakati pavo.
16. (a) Chinopiwa chezvivi nechinopiwa chemhosva zvaishandei? (b) Izvozvo zvaisiyana sei nechinopiwa chinopiswa?
16 Zvibayiro zvaipiwa kutsvaka kukanganwirwa zvivi kana kuti kuyananisira kudarika Mutemo zvaisanganisira chinopiwa chezvivi nechinopiwa chemhosva. Kunyange zvazvo zvibayiro izvi zvaisanganisirawo kupisa paatari, zvaisiyana nechinopiwa chinopiswa mukuti mhuka yose yakanga isingapiwi kuna Mwari, asi mafuta chete nedzimwe nhengo dzayo. Zvimwe zvose zvainge zvasara pamhuka yacho zvairaswa kunze kwomusasa kana kuti dzimwe nguva zvaidyiwa navapristi. Kusiyana uku kune zvakunoreva. Chinopiwa chinopiswa chaipiwa sechipo kuna Mwari kubvumira mukana wokutaura naye, saka chaipiwa chose kuna Mwari bedzi. Zvinofadza kuti chinopiwa chinopiswa chaiwanzotangirwa nechinopiwa chezvivi kana kuti chinopiwa chemhosva, zvichipa pfungwa yokuti, kuti chipo chomutadzi chigamuchirwe naMwari, kukanganwirwa chivi kwaidikanwa.—Revhitiko 8:14, 18; 9:2, 3; 16:3, 5.
17, 18. Chinopiwa chezvivi chaipiwirwei, uye ndechipi chaiva chinangwa chezvinopiwa zvezvivi?
17 Chinopiwa chezvivi chaingogamuchirwa chete nokuda kwechivi chaiitirwa Mutemo munhu asingadi, chivi chaiitwa nemhaka yokusava nesimba kwenyama. “Kana munhu akatadza nokusaziva pachinhu chimwe chezvakarayirwa naJehovha kuti zvirege kuitwa,” ipapo mutadzi wacho aifanira kupa chinopiwa chezvivi chinoenderana nezvaari, kana kuti chinzvimbo, chake munharaunda. (Revhitiko 4:2, 3, 22, 27) Ukuwo, vatadzi vakanga vasingapfidzi vaiurayiwa; hapana zvibayiro zvaivepo nokuda kwavo.—Eksodho 21:12-15; Revhitiko 17:10; 20:2, 6, 10; Numeri 15:30; VaHebheru 2:2.
18 Chinangwa uye zvairehwa nechinopiwa chemhosva zvinojekeswa muna Revhitiko chitsauko 5 ne6. Munhu aigona kudai akatadza asingadi. Asizve kudarika kwake kungave kwakapara mhosva pangave pakodzero dzehama dzake kana dzaJehovha Mwari, uye chikanganiso ichocho chaifanira kugadziriswa kana kuti kururamiswa. Marudzi akasiyana-siyana ezvivi anotaurwa. Zvimwe zvaiva zvivi zvaisazikanwa navanhu vose (Re 5:2-6), zvimwe zvaiva zvivi zvaiitirwa “zvinhu zvitsvene zvaJehovha” (Re 5:14-16), uye zvimwe, kunyange zvaigona kudziviswa, zvaiva zvivi zvaikonzerwa nezvishuvo zvisina kururama kana kuti kusava nesimba kwenyama (Re 6:1-3). Pamusoro pokureurura zvivi zvakadaro, mutadzi aifanira kuripa zvainge zvakafanira obva apa chinopiwa chemhosva kuna Jehovha.—Revhitiko 6:4-7.
Chimwe Chinhu Chiri Nani Chichauya
19. Pasinei zvapo nokuti vaiva noMutemo nezvibayiro zvawo, nei vaIsraeri vakatadza kuwana nyasha dzaMwari?
19 Mutemo waMosesi, nezvibayiro zvawo nezvinopiwa zvakawanda, wakapiwa kuvaIsraeri kuti vakwanise kutaura naMwari kuti vawane uye varambe vane nyasha dzake nechikomborero kusvikira Mbeu yakapikirwa yasvika. Muapostora Pauro, muJudha chaiye, anozvitaura nenzira iyi: “Mutemo wakava mudzidzisi wedu uchitungamirira kuna Kristu, kuti tinzi takarurama nemhaka yokutenda.” (VaGaratiya 3:24) Zvinosuruvarisa kuti rudzi rwavaIsraeri haruna kuteerera kudzidzisa ikoko asi rwakashandisa zvisina kunaka ropafadzo iyoyo. Zvibayiro zvarwo zvakawanda zvakaguma zvave kusemesa kuna Jehovha, uyo akati: “Ndagutisa [“zvinopiwa,” NW] zvenyu zvinopiswa zvamakondohwe, namafuta ezvipfuwo zvakakodzwa; handifadzwi neropa renzombe, kana ramakwayana, kana renhongo.”—Isaya 1:11.
20. Chii chakaitika muna 70 C.E. chine chokuita noMutemo nezvibayiro zvawo?
20 Muna 70 C.E., gadziriro yezvinhu yechiJudha, netemberi yayo navapristi, yakaguma. Kubva ipapo, zvibayiro zvaiitwa munzira inotaurwa noMutemo zvakanga zvisisabviri. Izvi zvinoreva here kuti zvibayiro, sechinhu chinokosha choMutemo, hazvisisina zvazvinoreva kuvanamati vaMwari nhasi? Tichaongorora izvi munyaya inotevera.
[Mashoko Omuzasi]
a Insight on the Scriptures, rakabudiswa neWatchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York, Inc., rinotsanangura kuti: “Sokushandiswa kwarinoitwa muBhaibheri, ‘kuyananisa’ rine pfungwa huru yoku‘fukidza’ kana kuti ku‘chinjana,’ uye chinhu chinochinjaniswa nacho chacho, kana kuti chino‘fukidza’ chimwe chinhu chinofanira kunge chakafanana nacho pazvose. . . . Kuti chakaraswa naAdhamu chiyananiswe zvakakwana, chinopiwa chechivi chine ukoshi hwakaenzana chaizvo noupenyu hwomunhu akakwana chaifanira kugoverwa.”
b Shoko rechiHebheru rinowanzoshandurwa kuti “chinopiwa” nderokuti qor·banʹ. Pakunyora kushora kwaJesu muitiro wakanga usina kunaka wavanyori navaFarise, Mako akatsanangura kuti “kobhani” zvinoreva “chipo chakatsaurirwa kuna Mwari.”—Mako 7:11.
Ungatsanangura Here?
• Chii chakaita kuti varume vakatendeka vakare vape zvibayiro kuna Jehovha?
• Nei zvibayiro zvaidiwa?
• Marudzi api makuru ezvibayiro zvaipiwa muMutemo, uye zvaishandei?
• Maererano naPauro, Mutemo nezvibayiro zvawo zvainyanya kushandei?
[Mufananidzo uri papeji 14]
Chibayiro chaAbheri chaifadza nokuti chakaratidza kutenda kwaaiita chipikirwa chaJehovha
[Mufananidzo uri papeji 15]
Unonzwisisa zvinoreva chiitiko ichi here?