Chinoita Kuti Zviome Kuziva Mwari Nezita

PANE munhu anoda kuti usaziva zita raJehovha uye asingadi kuti uve neukama hwepedyo naMwari. Muvengi akaipa kudai uyu ndiani? Bhaibheri rinotsanangura kuti: “Vasingatendi, . . . vakapofumadzwa pfungwa namwari wemamiriro ezvinhu epanguva ino.” Mwari wemamiriro ezvinhu enyika ino isingadi Mwari ndiSatani Dhiyabhorosi. Anoda kuti urambe uri murima kuitira kuti mwoyo wako usapenyerwa ne“nezivo inobwinya pamusoro paMwari.” Satani haadi kuti uzive Jehovha nezita. Saka, Satani anopofumadza pfungwa dzevanhu sei?—2 VaKorinde 4:4-6.

Satani ari kushandisa zvitendero zvenhema kuti adzikatidze vanhu kuziva Mwari nezita. Somuenzaniso, kare vamwe vaJudha vakasarudza kusateerera Magwaro akafuridzirwa vachifarira tsika dzairambidza kushandisa zita raMwari. Pakazosvika zana ramakore rokutanga, vaJudha vaiverengera vanhu paruzhinji vakadzidziswa kuti vasaverenga zita raMwari sezvariri muMagwaro Matsvene, asi kuti varitsive nerokuti ʼAdho·naiʹ, rinoreva kuti “Ishe.” Zviri pachena kuti tsika iyi yakaita kuti vanhu vasaramba vane ukama hwepedyo naMwari. Vakawanda vakatadza kuwana makomborero anovapo kana ukava noukama hwapedyo naMwari. Ko Jesu aidiniwo? Zita raJehovha airiona sei?

Jesu Nevateveri Vake Vakazivisa Zita raMwari

Jesu paainyengetera kuna Baba vake akazivisa kuti: ‘Ndakazivisa zita renyu uye ndicharizivisa.’ (Johani 17:26) Zviri pachena kuti kakawanda Jesu paaiverenga, paaitaura mashoko ari mumagwaro, kana kuti paaitsanangura ndima dzomuMagwaro echiHebheru dzaiva nezita raMwari rinokosha, ainyatsoridudza sezvariri. Jesu anofanira kunge akashandisa zita raMwari akasununguka, semashandisirwo araingoitwa nevaprofita vose vakararama iye asati auya pasi pano. Kana pane vaJudha vakanga vava kutorega kushandisa zita raMwari panguva yaiita Jesu ushumiri, Jesu akanga asiri kuzombotevedzera zvavaiita. Akashora zvakasimba vatungamiriri vezvitendero paakavaudza kuti: “Makaita kuti shoko raMwari rishaye simba nokuda kwetsika yenyu.”—Mateu 15:6.

Kunyange Jesu paakafa uye azomutswa, vateveri vake vakatendeka vakaramba vachizivisa zita raMwari. (Ona bhokisi rinoti “VaKristu Vokutanga Vaishandisa Zita raMwari Here?”) PaPendekosti ya33 C.E., zuva chairo rakatanga ungano yechiKristu, muapostora Petro, achitaura mashoko ari muuprofita hwaJoeri, akaudza gurusvusvu revaJudha nevaya vakanga vatendeukira kuchiJudha kuti: “Munhu wose anodana zita raJehovha achaponeswa.” (Mabasa 2:21; Joeri 2:32) VaKristu vokutanga vakabatsira vanhu vaibva kumarudzi akawanda kuti vazive Jehovha nezita. Saka, pamusangano wakaitwa nevaapostora nevarume vakuru kuJerusarema, mudzidzi Jakobho akati: “Mwari . . . akafunga nezvemamwe marudzi kuti atore maari vanhu vezita rake.”—Mabasa 15:14.

Pasinei nezvose izvi, muvengi wezita raMwari haana kukanda mapfumo pasi. Pakangofa vaapostora, Satani akabva ati dzawira mutswanda, achibva aita kuti vatsauke pane zvavaitenda. (Mateu 13:38, 39; 2 Petro 2:1) Somuenzaniso, Justin Martyr aizviti munyori wechiKristu, akazvarwa panenge panguva yakafa muapostora wokupedzisira Johani. Asi, Justin akaramba achingosimbirira pane zvaainyora achiti Mugoveri wezvinhu zvose “ndiMwari asina zita chairo raanodanwa naro.”

VaKristu vakatsauka pavakakopa Magwaro echiKristu echiGiriki, zviri pachena kuti vakabvisa zita raJehovha mumagwaro vachibva varitsiva nerokuti Kyʹri·os, shoko rechiGiriki rinoreva kuti “Ishe.” Ndizvowo zvavakaita kuMagwaro echiHebheru. Zvavakanga vasingachaverengi zita raMwari zvinonzwika, vanyori vechiJudha vakanga vatsauka vakabvisa zita raMwari muMagwaro avo vakaritsiva nerokuti ʼAdho·naiʹ kanodarika ka130. Shanduro yeBhaibheri yechiLatin yaidiwa nevakawanda yainzi Vulgate, yakapedzwa kunyorwa naJerome muna 405 C.E. yakasiyawo zita raMwari.

Zvava Kuitwa Kuedza Kutsakatisa Zita raMwari

Mazuva ano nyanzvi dzinoziva kuti zita raJehovha chairo ririmo muBhaibheri kanosvika ka7 000. Saka shanduro dzinonyanya kushandiswa dzakadai seBhaibheri muNdimi yeUnion Shona, Catholic Jerusalem Bible uye Reina-Valera iri mumutauro weSpanish, dzinoshandisa zita raMwari kakawanda. Dzimwe shanduro dzinoshandura zita raMwari dzichiti “Yahweh.”

Zvinonzwisa tsitsi kuti chechi dzakawanda dzinotsigira nyanzvi dzokushandura maBhaibheri nemari dzinovamanikidza kuti vasaisa zita raMwari mushanduro dzavo. Somuenzaniso, mutsamba yakanyorwa musi waJune 29, 2008, ichinyorerwa vatungamiriri vemisangano yemabhishopu echechi yeRoma, Vatican yakati: “Mumakore achangopfuura zvishoma nezvishoma vanhu vakatanga tsika yokududza zita raMwari waIsraeri sezvariri.” Tsamba yacho yakarayira kuti: “Zita raMwari . . . harifaniri kushandiswa kana kutaurwa.” Uyezve, “kana ndima dzemagwaro emuBhaibheri dzava kushandurirwa mumitauro yemazuva ano, . . . zita raMwari rinomiririrwa nemavara mana echiHebheru richafanira kunzi Adonai/Kyrios: ‘Ishe.’” Zviri pachena kuti chinangwa chezvakataurwa neVatican ndechokuti zita raMwari ribve ratsvairwa zvachose.

Chechi dzakabuda muRoma hadzinawo kuremekedza zita raJehovha. Anotaura achimiririra shanduro yeNew International Version yakatsigirwa nemari yaibva muchechi dzakabuda muRoma, uye yakabudiswa muChirungu muna 1978, akanyora kuti: “Jehovha izita raMwari rakasiyana nemamwe ose saka tinofanira kunge tichirishandisa. Asi takabvisa mamiriyoni maviri nechidimbu emadhora kuti shanduro iyi iitwe. Kana tikashandura Pisarema 23 tichiti, ‘Yahweh mufudzi wangu’ mari iyoyo inenge yaenda ichichema.’”

Uyezve machechi akadzikatidza vanhu vokuLatin America kuti vasaziva Mwari nezita rake. Steven Voth chipangamazano wokushandura wesangano reUnited Bible Societies (UBS), anonyora kuti: “Machechi akabuda muRoma okuLatin America ari kuramba achiitirana makakatanwa nezvekushandisa zita rokuti Jehová . . . Zvinotoshamisa kuti imwe chechi yemweya yemazuva ano ine vanhu vakawanda chaizvo uye vari kuramba vachiwedzera . . . yakati inoda shanduro yeReina-Valera yakabudiswa muna 1960, asi isina zita rokuti Jehová. Vaida kuti zita iri ritsiviwe nerokuti Señor [Ishe].” Maererano nezvakataurwa naVoth, sangano reUBS rakambotanga raramba chikumbiro chacho asi rakazobvuma rikabudisa shanduro yeReina-Valera yakanga “isina shoko rokuti Jehová.”

Kubvisa zita raMwari rakanyorwa muShoko rake kwava kuritsiva nerokuti “Ishe” kunodzikatidza vaverengi kuti vasanyatsoziva zvakaita Mwari. Zvinovhiringidza chaizvo. Somuenzaniso, muverengi angatadza kunzwisisa kuti shoko rokuti “Ishe” rinoreva Jehovha here kana kuti Mwanakomana wake, Jesu. Saka murugwaro rwunotaurwa nomuapostora Petro achitaura mashoko aDhavhidhi okuti: “Jehovha akati kunaShe wangu [Jesu amutswa]: ‘Gara kuruoko rwangu rworudyi,’” shanduro dzeBhaibheri dzakawanda dzinoti: “Ishe wakati kunaShe wangu.” (Mabasa 2:34, BUS) Uyezve, David Clines, murondedzero yake yaiti “Yahweh Uye Mwari Wezvitendero zvechiKristu,” akataura kuti: “Kushayikwa kwezita raYahweh mumabhuku echiKristu kwakaguma nokuita kuti vanhu vanyanye kuisa pfungwa dzavo pana Kristu.” Saka vanhu vakawanda vanoenda kuchechi havazivi kuti Mwari wechokwadi uyo Jesu ainyengetera kwaari Munhu chaiye anotova nezita rokuti Jehovha.

Satani ari kushanda nesimba chaizvo kupofumadza pfungwa dzevanhu pamusoro paMwari. Kunyange hazvo zvakadaro, zvinoita kuti unyatsoziva Jehovha.

Unogona Kuziva Jehovha Nezita

Kutaura chokwadi, Satani ari kurwa nezita raMwari, uye akangwara nokuti ari kushandisa zvitendero zvenhema kuita izvi. Zvisinei, chokwadi ndechokuti hapana simba riri kudenga kana pasi pano ringatadzisa Changamire Ishe Jehovha kuti aite kuti zita rake rizivikanwe nevaya vanoda kuziva chokwadi nezvake uye chinangwa chake chinoshamisa nokuda kwevanhu vakatendeka.

Zvapupu zvaJehovha zvichafara kukubatsira kuziva kuti ungaswedera sei pedyo naMwari uchidzidza Bhaibheri. Vanotevera muenzaniso waJesu, uyo akati kuna Mwari: “Ndakavazivisa zita renyu.” (Johani 17:26) Sezvaunofungisisa magwaro anoratidza mabasa akawanda anoitwa naJehovha kuti akomborere vanhu, uchasvika pakuziva unhu hwake hwakanaka chaizvo.

Murume akanga akatendeka Jobho akava no“ushamwari naMwari,” newewo unogona kudaro. (Jobho 29:4) Kana ukadzidza Shoko raMwari, unogona kuziva Jehovha nezita. Zivo yakadaro ichaita kuti uve nechivimbo chokuti Jehovha achaita zvinoenderana nezvaakati ndizvo zvinorehwa nezita rake, ‘Ndichaita chero zvandinenge ndada.’ (Eksodho 3:14) Saka, chokwadi achazadzisa zvakanaka zvose zvaakavimbisa vanhu.

[Bhokisi/Mifananidzo iri papeji 6]

VaKristu Vokutanga Vaishandisa Zita raMwari Here?

Mumazuva evaapostora vaJesu muzana remakore rokutanga C.E., ungano dzechiKristu dzakaumbwa munzvimbo dzakawanda. Vaipinda ungano dzacho vaigara vachiungana kuti vadzidze Magwaro. Ko zita raJehovha raiwanikwa here muMagwaro evaKristu vokutanga ivavo?

Sezvo chiGiriki chakanga chava kutaurwa munyika yose, ungano dzakawanda dzaishandisa Septuagint yechiGiriki, shanduro yeMagwaro echiHebheru yakapedzwa kushandurwa muzana remakore rechipiri B.C.E. Dzimwe nyanzvi dzinoti kubvira panguva yakatanga kushandurwa Septuagint, yaingogara ichitsiva zita raMwari nerokuti Kyʹri·os, shoko rechiGiriki rinoreva kuti “Ishe.” Asi izvi hazvisi izvo zvakaitika.

Zvidimbu zvemupumburu zviri kuratidzwa pano zvikamu zveshanduro yeSeptuagint yechiGiriki yomuzana remakore rokutanga B.C.E. Zvinonyatsoratidza zita raJehovha, rinomiririrwa murugwaro rwechiGiriki nemavara mana echiHebheru יהוה (YHWH), kana kuti Tetragrammaton. Muzvinafundo George Howard akanyora kuti: “Tine maBhaibheri matatu akasiyana eSeptuagint yechiGiriki akanyorwa chiKristu chisati chatanga uye hapana kana pamwe chete pakashandurwa Tetragrammaton kuti kyrios kana payakamboshandurwa zvapo. Iye zvino tine chokwadi chakazara chokuti vaJudha vaiva netsika yokunyora zita raMwari . . . muMagwaro echiGiriki chaimo, Testamende Itsva isati yanyorwa, payainyorwa, uye yapedza kunyorwa.”—Biblical Archaeology Review.

Vaapostora nevadzidzi vaJesu vakashandisa here zita raMwari muzvinyorwa zvavo zvakafuridzirwa? Muzvinafundo Howard anoti: “Sezvo shanduro yeSeptuagint iyo yaishandiswa nechechi yokutanga yaiva nezita raMwari riri muchiHebheru, zviri pachena kuti vanyori veTestamende Itsva vaitonyora zita iroro pavaitora mashoko mushanduro iyi.”

Saka tinogona kugumisa kuti vaKristu vokutanga vaiverenga zita raMwari mushanduro dzavo dzose dzeMagwaro echiHebheru nedzeMagwaro echiKristu echiGiriki.

[Kwazvakatorwa]

All photos: Société Royale de Papyrologie du Caire

[Mufananidzo uri papeji 4, 5]

Chikamu chaisaya chiri mumupumburu weGungwa Rakafa, chine zita ramwari rakakomberedzwa

[Kwazvakatorwa]

Shrine of the Book, Photo © The Israel Museum, Jerusalem

[Mufananidzo uri papeji 7]

Machechi akaita kuti zita raMwari risanyorwa muBhaibheri nemhaka yetsika dzechiJudha uye kuitira kuti vawane mari

[Mufananidzo uri papeji 8]

Jesu akatisiyira muenzaniso wokuzivisa zita raMwari