Kutamburira Mashoko Akanaka muTesaronika
Guta reTesaronika, rava kunzi Thessaloníki kana kuti Salonika, iguta rakabudirira rine chiteshi chengarava riri kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweGreece. Iguta rine nhoroondo inokosha yevaKristu vemuzana remakore rokutanga, kunyanya muushumiri hwaPauro, muapostora wechiKristu kune mamwe marudzi.—MABASA 9:15; VAROMA 11:13.
MUNENGE mugore ra50 C.E., Pauro nomumwe waaifamba naye ainzi Sirasi vakasvika kuTesaronika. Vaiva parwendo rwechipiri rwaPauro rwoumishinari, uye apa ndipo pavakatanga kuendesa mashoko akanaka nezvaKristu kune yava kunzi Europe mazuva ano.
Pavakasvika kuTesaronika, hapana mubvunzo kuti vakanga vachiri kuyeuka kurohwa nokusungwa kwavakamboitwa kuFiripi, guta guru rokuMakedhoniya. Pauro akatozoudza vaTesaronika kuti paaivashanyira, akanga aparidza ‘mashoko akanaka aMwari achitamburira kwazvo.’ (1 VaTesaronika 2:1, 2) Zvinhu zvaizova nani here muTesaronika? Vanhu vomuguta iri vaizoita sei pavaizoparidzirwa? Vaizozvifarira here? Ngatimbotangai nokuongorora guta iroro rekare.
Guta Rakambonetsa
Zita rokuti Tesaronika pacharo, iro rakabva pamashoko maviri echiGiriki anoreva kuti “vanhu vokuTesaronika” uye “kukunda,” rinoreva kurwisana. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti muna 352 B.C.E., Mambo weMakedhoniya ainzi Philip II, baba vamambo aiva akakurumbira Alexander, vakakunda rimwe dzinza raiva muGreece kuThessaly. Zvinonzi senzira yokuyeuka kukunda ikoko, vakapa mumwe wevanasikana vavo zita rokuti Thessalonice. Mwanasikana uyu akazoroorwa naCassander. Cassander ndiye akatsiva Alexander hanzvadzi yaThessalonice pachigaro. Munenge muna 315 B.C.E., Cassander akavaka guta kumadokero kweChalcidice Peninsula akaritumidza zita romudzimai wake. Nhoroondo yezvakaitika inoratidza kuti guta reTesaronika rakarwiswa rarwiswazve.
Guta reTesaronika raiva rakabudirirawo. Muguta iri maiva nechimwe chezviteshi zvengarava zvakanaka kwazvo zvomugungwa rinonzi Aegean Sea. Munguva dzevaRoma, paivawo nomugwagwa wakakurumbira waipfuura nomuguta iri wainzi Via Egnatia. Guta reTesaronika zvaraiva panzvimbo yakanaka kudaro, pedyo negungwa uye nemugwagwa wakanaka, raiva imwe yenzvimbo dzaitengeserwa zvinhu nevaRoma. Nokupindana kwaiita makore, vanhu vokuGermany, Asia, Italy neTurkey vaichiva guta iri nemhaka yokubudirira kwaro. Vamwe vacho vakarwisa guta racho vakaritora uye pakadeurwa ropa revanhu. Iye zvino ngatimboongororai kushanya kwakaita Pauro, paakatanga kutamburira kuti aparidze mashoko akanaka.
Kusvika kwaPauro kuTesaronika
Pauro paaisvika muguta idzva, aiwanzotanga kutaura nevaJudha nokuti vaiziva Magwaro, saka izvi zvaigona kuvabatsira kunzwisisa mashoko akanaka uye zvaiita kuti vawane pokutangira kuakurukura. Imwe nyanzvi inoti, zvichida tsika yaaiita iyi inoratidza kuti Pauro aiva nehanya nevanhu vokumusha kwake kana kuti aida kushandisa vaJudha nevanhu vaitya Mwari sepokutangira basa rake kune vemamwe marudzi.—Mabasa 17:2-4.
Saka Pauro paakasvika kuTesaronika, akatanga apinda musinagogi, “akakurukurirana navo [vaJudha] achishandisa Magwaro, achitsanangura uye achiratidza nezvakanyorwa kuti zvakanga zvakakodzera kuti Kristu atambure uye kuti amuke kubva kuvakafa, uye achiti: ‘Uyu ndiye Kristu, uyu Jesu wandiri kukuparidzirai.’”—Mabasa 17:2, 3, 10.
Vakanga vasingabvumirani panyaya yakataurwa naPauro, yezvaizoitwa naMesiya uye zvaizoita kuti azivikanwe. VaJudha vaitarisira kuti Mesiya aizovanunura pautongi hwevaRoma saka kufa kwaJesu kwaipesana netariro iyoyo. Kuti Pauro anyengetedze vaJudha “akakurukurirana” navo, ‘akavatsanangurira’ uye ‘akavaratidza nezvakanyorwa,’ zvichiratidza kuti aiva mudzidzisi anogona.a Asi vanhu ava vakaita sei pavakanzwa Pauro achivadzidzisa zvinhu zvinoshamisa zvakadai?
Ushumiri Hwakazobudirira, Asi Hwaisava Mutserendende
Vamwe vaJudha nevaGiriki vakawanda vakanga vatendeukira kuchiJudha pamwe chete “nevakadzi vazhinji vakakurumbira,” vakagamuchira shoko raPauro. Mashoko okuti ‘vakadzi vakakurumbira’ akakodzera chaizvo nokuti kuMakedhoniya vakadzi vaipiwa zvinzvimbo zvepamusoro. Vaiva nemabasa epamusoro, vaitenga dzimba nezvivako, vaivawo nekodzero dzakangofanana nedzevanhurume, uye vaitoitawo mabhizimisi avo pachavo. Paigona kutovakwa zvivako zvine mazita avo. Sezvakangoita muzvinabhizimisi wechidzimai wokuFiripi ainzi Ridhiya uyo akagamuchira mashoko akanaka, vakadzi vakati wandei vokuTesaronika vaiva nezvinzvimbo zvepamusoro vakagamuchirawo mashoko akanaka, kunyanya vaya vaibva kumhuri dzemberi kana kuti vakadzi vembozha.—Mabasa 16:14, 15; 17:4.
Zvisinei, vaJudha vakafa neshanje. Vakatora “varume vakaipa vepamusika, vanhu vakanga vasina zvavanobatsira kuti vave navo, vakaumba boka rakanyongana, vakaita kuti guta riite mheremhere.” (Mabasa 17:5) Vanhu ava vaiva vanhu vorudzii? Imwe nyanzvi yeBhaibheri inovarondedzera ichiti vaiva “vanhu vasina unhu uye vanhu pasina.” Inotiwo: “Zvinoita sokuti vakanga vasina shungu nokunzwa zvaitaurwa naPauro; asi vaisatana kutsamwa uye vaikurumidza kuita zvokurwa, sezvaingoitawo mamwe mapoka evanhu.”
Mhomho iyoyo ‘yakarwisa imba yaJasoni [aigara naPauro], ikatanga kutsvaka kuti ivabudisire kumhomho.’ Pavakashayiwa Pauro, vakaenda kuvakuru vakuru veguta. Saka “vakazvuzvurudzira Jasoni nedzimwe hama kuvatongi veguta, vachishevedzera kuti: ‘Vanhu ava vanyonganisa nyika inogarwa varipowo pano.’”—Mabasa 17:5, 6.
Guta reTesaronika zvaraiva guta guru reMakedhoniya, raiva nekakuzvitonga. Chikamu chehurumende yaro vaiva vanhu kana kuti dare raiumbwa nevanhu vomuguta racho, raitonga nyaya dzevanhu. “Vatongi veguta” avo vainzi politarchsb muchiGiriki, vaiva vakuru vakuru, vaiita kuti pave norunyararo uye kuti pasava nemamiriro ezvinhu angaita kuti vaRoma vapindire uye guta ritadze kuita zvimwe zvinhu. Saka vatongi veguta vaisazofara nokunzwa kuti vanhu ava vaionekwa sevainetsa vakanga vavhiringidza runyararo rwaiva muguta.
Zvadaro vakazopomerwa mhosva yakakura yokuti: “Varume vose ivava vanoita zvinopesana nemirayiro yaKesari, vachiti kune mumwe mambo, anonzi Jesu.” (Mabasa 17:7) Rimwe bhuku rinotaura nezveBhaibheri rinoti izvi zvinopa pfungwa yo“kumukira uye kupandukira” vatongi, avo “vaisazobvumira zita romumwe mambo kuti ritaurwe mune imwe nzvimbo yavaitonga kana ivo vasina kupa mvumo yacho.” Uyewo mhosva yavaipomerwa yakabva yaita seyechokwadi nokuti Jesu uyo aiparidzwa naPauro kuti aiva Mambo akanga aurayiwa nevakuru vakuru veRoma vachimupomera mhosva yokupandukira.—Ruka 23:2.
Vatongi veguta racho vakashatirwa. Asi sezvo pakanga pasina uchapupu uye vacho vaipomerwa vakashayikwa, “pashure pokunge vatora chokumbofanobata chakakwana kuna Jasoni nevamwe, vakavarega vachienda.” (Mabasa 17:8, 9) Urongwa uhwu hwaigona kureva mubhadharo wakabviswa naJasoni nevamwe vaKristu vachivimbisa kuti Pauro aizobuda muguta uye aisazodzoka kuzovhiringidza vanhu zvakare. Pauro paakataura kuti ‘Satani akamupinganidza’ akamurambidza kudzoka kuguta, angadaro aireva chiitiko ichi.—1 VaTesaronika 2:18.
Nemhaka yemamiriro ezvinhu, Pauro naSirasi vakaendeswa kuBheriya usiku. Pauro akabudirira kuita ushumiri hwake ikokowo, asi izvi zvakatsamwisa vaJudha vaimushora muTesaronika zvokuti vakafamba rwendo rwemakiromita 80 kuenda kuBheriya kunokurudzira mapoka evanhu nemhomho kuti vamurwise. Pauro akatangazve kufamba ava kuenda kuAtene, asi akanga achiri kufanira kutamburira mashoko akanaka.—Mabasa 17:10-14.
Matambudziko Eungano Itsva
Zvinofadza kuti muTesaronika makatangwa ungano. Zvisinei, vaKristu vaivako havana kungotarisana nedambudziko rokushorwa chete. Vairarama munyika yaiva nevahedheni, yaiitwa unzenza, uye izvi zvakaita kuti Pauro anetseke kuti hama idzi dzaizoita sei.—1 VaTesaronika 2:17; 3:1, 2, 5.
VaKristu vokuTesaronika vaiziva kuti pavaizorega kuita zvaiitwa nevamwe vose uye nevezvimwe zvitendero muguta iroro, vaizotsamwirwa nevaya vavaimboshamwaridzana navo. (Johani 17:14) Uyezve, guta reTesaronika rakanga rakazara netemberi dzavanamwari vechiGiriki vakaita saZeusi, Atemisi, Apollo, nevamwewo vanamwari vokuIjipiti. Kunamata Kesari kwaikosheswa uyewo vanhu vose vaifanira kutevedzera manamatiro acho. Waiti ukaramba kuita zvimwe zvacho waigona kuonekwa sewatopandukira Roma.
Kunamata zvidhori kwaiita kuti vanhu vaite unzenza husingaiti. Cabirus, mwari ainyanya kunamatwa kuTesaronika; Dionysus naAphrodite; uye Isis wokuIjipiti vose vaiva vanamwari vaida kuti vanhu vaivanamata vaite zvounzenza uye udhakwa. Zvechipfambi uye zvokuita mudzimai wechipiri zvakanga zvakajairika. Vanhu vakanga vasisiri kumboona ufeve sechivi. Vaitevedzera tsika dzechiRoma uye rimwe bhuku rinoti “kwaiva nevarume nevakadzi vakawanda vaiva muguta racho vaingogarira kugutsa zvido zvenyama uye vanachiremba vaiti munhu aifanira kuita zvaainzwa achingoda.” Ndokusaka Pauro akarayira vaKristu vaiva ikoko kuti va“rege ufeve” uye varege “kuda kurara nomumwe munhu kworuchiva” uye “zvinhu zvisina kuchena.”—1 VaTesaronika 4:3-8.
Vakakunda Hondo Yacho
VaKristu vokuTesaronika vaifanira kurwira zvakasimba kutenda kwavo. Pasinei nokuti vaishorwa, vaiva nematambudziko uye vaigara nevahedheni vaiita zvounzenza, Pauro akavarumbidza kuti ‘vaishanda nesimba, vaiva norudo uye vaitsungirira,’ uyewo vaibatsira kuti mashoko akanaka aparadzirwe kwose kwose.”—1 VaTesaronika 1:3, 8.
Muna 303 C.E., vaya vaizviti vaKristu vakatambudzwa zvisingaiti munzvimbo dzaitongwa neRoma. Kesari Galerius ndiye ainyanya kutungamirira pakutambudza kwacho, uye aigara muTesaronika, guta raakavaka zvivako zvakanaka kwazvo. Muguta racho muchine matongo ezvivako izvi anoonekwa nevanenge vashanya.
Mazuva ano, Zvapupu zvaJehovha zvokuThessaloníki zvinowanzoparidzira vavakidzani vazvo pamberi pezvivako zvakavakwa nomuvengi uyu wechiKristu. Kunyange zvazvo basa iri rokuparidza rakamboitwa zvinhu zvisina kumira zvakanaka muzana remakore rechi20, iye zvino muguta racho mava neungano dzeZvapupu dzinenge 60 dzinoshingaira. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti kutamburira mashoko akanaka kwakatanga mazana emakore akawanda akapfuura kuchiri kuenderera uye kuchiri kubudirira.
[Mashoko Omuzasi]
a Pauro anogona kunge akashandisa magwaro ava kuwanikwa pana Pisarema 22:7; 69:21; Isaya 50:6; 53:2-7; uye Dhanieri 9:26.
b Mumabhuku echiGiriki makanga musina shoko iri. Asi kuTesaronika kwakawanikwa zvinyorwa zvomuzana remakore rokutanga B.C.E. zvaiva neshoko iri. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti nhoroondo iri muna Mabasa ndeyechokwadi.
[Mepu iri papeji 18]
(Kana uchida mashoko azere, ona bhuku racho)
Via Egnatia
MACEDONIA
Philippi
Amphipolis
Thessalonica
Beroea
THESSALY
Aegean Sea
ATHENS
[Mifananidzo iri papeji 20, 21]
Pamusoro: Thessaloníki yemazuva ano
Pazasi: arcade uye imba yokugezera paAgora
[Mifananidzo iri papeji 21]
Imba yeraundi iri pedyo nechivako cheraundi chaGalerius; chivezwa chomufananidzo waCaesar Galerius; kuparidzira pedyo nechivako cheraundi chaGalerius
[Vakatipa Mufananidzo uri papeji 18]
Head medallion: © Bibliothèque nationale de France; stone inscription: Thessalonica Archaeological Museum, copyright Hellenic Ministry of Culture and Tourism
[Vakatipa Mufananidzo uri papeji 20]
Mifananidzo miviri iri nechepasi kuruboshwe: 16th Ephorate of Prehistoric and Classical Antiquities, copyright Hellenic Ministry of Culture and Tourism
[Vakatipa Mufananidzo uri papeji 21]
Mufananidzo uri pakati: Thessalonica Archaeological Museum, copyright Hellenic Ministry of Culture and Tourism