Ganhuro 5
Kuzivisa Kudzoka Kwashe (1870-1914)
“Nhau inotevera inopiwa kwete nemhakawo zvayo yokuti ndakakurudzirwa kuhwirudzura kutungamirira kwaMwari munzira yechiedza, asi zvikurukuru nemhaka yokuti ndinokudavira kuva kuri madikanwa kuti zvokwadi itaurwe nenzira ine mwero, kuti kunzwisisa kusina kururama nokutaura kusina kururama kwokufungira mano akaipa zvigoregwa, uye kuti varavi vedu vagoona kuti kusvikira panguva ino Ishe akabetsera nokutungamirira sei.”a
PASHURE pamashoko iwayo Charles Taze Russell akapfuurira kuratidza zviitiko zvakatungamirira kukubudisa kwake Millennial Dawn (rakadanwa gare gare kuti Studies in the Scriptures) neZion’s Watch Tower and Herald of Christ’s Presence (zvino inozivikanwa seNharireyomurindi Yokuzivisa Umambo hwaJehovha). Iyi nhau ndeyefariro chaiyo kuZvapupu zvaJehovha. Neiko? Nemhaka yokuti nzwisiso yazvo yazvino yezvokwadi dzeBhaibheri nemibato yazvo zvinogona kurondwa kudzoka shure kusvikira kuma1870 nebasa raC. T. Russell navasonganiri vake, uye kubvira ipapo kusvikira kuBhaibheri nechiKristu chapakuvamba.
Ndiani akanga ari Charles Taze Russell? Nhau yebasa rake inopa ufakazi hwebetsero nenhungamiro zvaShe here?
Kutsvaka Zvokwadi
C. T. Russell akaberekerwa muUnited States, muAllegheny (zvino yava rutivi rwePittsburgh), Pennsylvania, pana February 16, 1852. Iye akanga ari mwanakomana wechipiri waJoseph L. naAnn Eliza (Birney) Russell, avo vaiva vaPresbyterian vomutsara wedzinza weScotland neIreland. Amai vaCharles vakafa apo iye akanga ane makore mapfumbamwe bedzi okukura, asi kubvira pazera rapakuvamba, Charles akapesvedzerwa navabereki vake vose vari vaviri avo vaida rudzidziso. Sokutaura kwakaita musonganiri wapashure waC. T. Russell, “vakatarisira bukira; uye rakakura rakananga kunaShe.” Kunyange zvazvo akarerwa somuPresbyterian, Charles pakupedzisira akakumbanira Chechi yeCongregational nemhaka yokuti iye aida hake mirangariro yayo.
Charles muduku sezviri pachena akanga ari muzvinabhizimisi chaiye. Pamakore 11 chete ezera, iye akava mukutsirani nababa vake muchitoro chezvipfeko zvavarume chaibudirira. Charles akakudza bhizimisi racho, pakupedzisira achitarisira zvitoro zvakawanda zvakasiyana-siyana iye amene. Kunyange zvazvo zvinhu zvakamufambira zvakanaka mubhizimisi, mumudzimu iye akanga achinetseka zvikuru. Neiko ikoku kwakanga kwakadaro?
Vabereki vaCharles vaidavira zvapachokwadi zvitendero zvechechi dzechiKristudhomu ndokumurera kuti azvigamuchirewo. Charles muduku nokudaro akadzidziswa kuti Mwari rudo, bva kuti iye akanga asika vanhu vasingafi nenzira yomuzvarirwo uye akanga agovera nzvimbo inopisa umo iye aizotambudza nokusingagumi vose kunze kwaavo vakanga vafanosarudzwa kuti vaponeswe. Pfungwa yakadaro yaisafadza mwoyo wakatendeseka waCharles wechiduku. Iye akarangarira, kuti: “Mwari uyo aizoshandisa simba rake kusika vanhu avo iye aifanoziva ndokufanosarudza kuti vanofanira kutambudzwa nokusingagumi, aisagona kuva akachenjera, akarurama uyewo ane rudo. Mupimo wake waizova wakaderera zvikuru kupfuura uyo wavanhu vakawanda.”
Asi Russell muduku akanga asati ari asingadaviri kuvapo kwaMwari; iye aisangogona zvake kugamuchira dzidziso dzinonzwisiswa navose dzechechi. Iye akatsanangura, kuti: “Zvishoma nezvishoma ndakatungamirirwa kuona kuti kunyange zvazvo chimwe nechimwe chezvitendero chaiva nezvokwadi, izvo, zvose hazvo, zvakanga zvichitsausa uye zvichipokanidza Shoko raMwari.” Zvirokwazvo, muzvitendero zvechechi, “zvokwadi” yakanga yakavigwa mumadhaka edzidziso dzechihedheni idzo dzakanga dzapinda muchiKristu chakashatiswa mukati mokuramba kutenda kwakavapo kwamazana amakore. Achibva muzvitendero zvechechi uye achitsvaka zvokwadi, Russell akanzvera marudzidziso akati makuru okuMabvazuva, kungowana bedzi iwaya ari asingagutsi.
Akasimbiswazve Mukutenda
Bukira, kunyange zvazvo zvakadaro, rakanga ratarisirwa navabereki vaitya Mwari; rakanga “rakananga kunaShe.” Apo akanga achiri kutsvaka zvokwadi, mamwe manheru muna 1869, chimwe chinhu chakaitika icho chakasimbisazve kutenda kwaizungunuka kwaCharles. Achifamba pedyo nechitoro chavanaRussell muFederal Street, iye akanzwa kuimba kworudzidziso kuchibva muhoro yaiva pasi pevhu. Mumashoko ake amene, izvi ndizvo zvakaitika:
“Sokunge netsaona, mamwe manheru ndakashanyira horo yaiva neguruva, yaiva netsvina, uko ndakanga ndanzwa kuti minamato yorudzidziso yaiitwa, kuti ndione kana vashomanene vaisangana imomo vakanga vane chinhu chipi nechipi chine mufungo zvikuru chokupa kupfuura zvitendero zvechechi huru. Imomo, kwenguva yokutanga, ndakanzwa chimwe chinhu chemirangariro yavaSecond Adventist [Advent Christian Church], muparidzi achiva VaJonas Wendell . . . Nokudaro, ndinobvuma kuonga vaAdventist pamwe chete nemamwe masangano. Kunyange zvazvo kutsanangura kwake Rugwaro kwakanga kusina kujeka chose chose, . . . kwakanga kwakakwana, munhungamiro yaMwari, kuti kusimbisezve kutenda kwangu kwaizungunuka mukufuridzirwa naMwari kweBhaibheri, uye kuratidza kuti zvinyorwa zvavaapostora navaporofita zvakabatanidzwa zvakasimba. Zvandakanzwa zvakandituma kuBhaibheri rangu kuti ndifunde neshingairo huru nengwariro kupfuura nakare kose, uye nguva dzose ndichaonga Ishe nokuda kwenhungamiro iyoyo; nokuti kunyange zvazvo chiAdventist chisina kundibetsera kuenda kuzvokwadi imwe zvayo, chakandibetsera zvikuru mukukanganwa zvikanganiso, uye nokudaro kundigadzirira nokuda kweZvokwadi.”
Musangano iwoyo wakamutsidzira kutsunga kwaRussell muduku kutsvaka zvokwadi yapaMagwaro. Wakamudzorera kuBhaibheri rake nokudisa kukuru kupfuura nakare kose. Russell akakurumidza kusvika pakudavira kuti nguva yakanga yava pedyo yokuti avo vaibatira Ishe vasvike pazivo yakajeka yechinangwa Chake. Naizvozvo, muna 1870, anyandurwa nembavarira, iye navazivikanwi vashomanene muPittsburgh neAllegheny yaiva pedyo vakaungana ndokuumba boka refundo yeBhaibheri. Maererano nomusonganiri wapashure waRussell, boka duku reBhaibheri raiitiswa nouyu mutoo: “Mumwe munhu aibvunza mubvunzo. Ivo vaikurukura. Vaitarira magwaro ose aiva nechokuita nepfundo racho uye ipapo, apo vainge vagutswa pamusoro petsinhirano yaaya magwaro, pakupedzisira vaitaura mhedziso yavo ndokuinyora.” Sokubvuma kwakaita Russell gare gare, nhambo “inobvira muna 1870 kusvikira kuna 1875 yakanga iri nguva yokukura kwenguva dzose munyasha nezivo norudo zvaMwari neShoko rake.”
Sezvo vakanzvera Magwaro, zvinhu zvakawanda zvakava zvakajeka zvikuru kuava vatsvaki vapachokwadi vezvokwadi. Ivo vakaona zvokwadi dzapaMagwaro dzaiva nechokuita nokufa kwomweya womunhu uye kuti kusafa chakanga chiri chipo chaifanira kuwanwa naavo vakava vadyi venhaka pamwe chete naKristu muUmambo hwake hwokudenga. (Ezek. 18:20; VaR. 2:6, 7) Ivo vakavamba kunzwisisa dzidziso yechibayiro chorudzikinuro chaJesu Kristu nemukana uyo iyi gadziriro yakaita kuti ubvirire rudzi rwomunhu. (Mat. 20:28) Vakasvika pakuziva kuti kunyange zvazvo Jesu akatanga kuuya kupasi somunhu munyama, pakudzoka kwake iye aizovapo asingaoneki somunhu womudzimu. (Joh. 14:19) Vakadzidzazve kuti chinangwa chokudzoka kwaJesu chakanga chiri, kwete chokuparadza munhu ari wose, asi kuti akomborere mhuri dzinoteerera dzapasi. (VaG. 3:8) Russell akanyora, kuti: “Takanzwa tichitambudzwa zvikuru nechikanganiso chavaSecond Adventist, avo vakanga vachikarira Kristu munyama, uye vachidzidzisa kuti nyika nezvose zviri mairi kunze kwevaSecond Adventist yaizopiswa.”
Zvokwadi dzapaMagwaro idzo dzakava dzakajeka kuiri boka duku reBhaibheri zvirokwazvo dzakanga dziri kubva padzidziso dzechihedheni idzo dzakanga dzapinda muchiKristu mukati mokuramba kutenda kwakavapo kwamazana amakore. Asi Russell navasonganiri vake vaida zvinhu zvomudzimu vakawana idzi zvokwadi muBhaibheri vasingayamurwi navamwe here?
Pesvedzero Yavamwe
Russell akanongedzera zvakajeka chaizvo kurubatsiro mufundo yeBhaibheri urwo iye akanga agamuchira ruchibva kune vamwe. Haana kubvuma bedzi kuonga kwake Jonas Wendell weSecond Adventist asi akataurawo nechidakadaka pamusoro pavamwe vanhu vaviri avo vakanga vamuyamura mufundo yeBhaibheri. Russell akati nezveava varume vaviri: “Fundo yeShoko raMwari neidzi hama dzinodiwa yakapinza, zvishoma nezvishoma, munzwisiso iri nani zvikuru.” Mumwe, George W. Stetson, akanga ari mudzidzi anodisa weBhaibheri nomufundisi weChechi yeAdvent Christian Church muEdinboro, Pennsylvania.
Mumwe wacho, George Storrs, akanga ari mubudisi wemagazini inonzi Bible Examiner, muBrooklyn, New York. Storrs, uyo akaberekwa pana December 13, 1796, akanyandurwa pakutanga kuti anzvere izvo Bhaibheri rinotaura pamusoro pomugariro wavakafa somugumisiro wokurava chimwe chinhu chakabudiswa (kunyange zvazvo panguva yacho akanga asingazivikanwi) nomudzidzi anongwarira weBhaibheri, Henry Grew, wePhiladelphia, Pennsylvania. Storrs akava mutsigiri anoshingaira wechainzi kusafa kunotsamira pamugariro—dzidziso yokuti mweya unofa uye kuti kusafa chipo chinofanira kuwanwa navaKristu vakatendeka. Iye akarangarirawo kuti sezvo vakaipa vasina kusafa, hakuna kutambudzwa kusingagumi. Storrs akafamba zvikuru, achidzidzisa pamusoro penhau yokuti hakuna kusafa nokuda kwavakaipa. Pakati pamabhuku ake akabudiswa pakanga pane Six Sermons, iro pakupedzisira rakava namakopi 200 000 akaparadzirwa. Pasina panikiro, mirangariro yakasimba yakavakirwa paBhaibheri yaStorrs pamusoro pokufa kwomweya pamwe chete neyananiso nedzorerwo (kudzorerwa kwechakarasika nemhaka yechivi chaAdhama; Mabasa 3:21) yakanga ine pesvedzero yakasimba, yakananga pana Charles T. Russell muduku.
Bva, mumwe murume uyo akanga ane tapuro huru paupenyu hwaRussell akaparirawo ruvimbiko rwake kuzvokwadi yapaMagwaro kuti ruedzwe.
Uporofita Hwenguva Nokuvapo kwaShe
Mamwe mangwanani muna January 1876, Russell aiva nemakore 23 okukura akagamuchira kopi yemagazini yorudzidziso yaibuda panhambo nenhambo yainzi Herald of the Morning. Kubva pamufanikiso waiva pabutiro, iye aigona kuona kuti iyo yakanga iri yechiAdventist. Mupepeti wacho, Nelson H. Barbour, weRochester, New York, aidavira kuti chinangwa chokudzoka kwaKristu chakanga chisati chiri chokuparadza mhuri dzapasi asi kuti adzikomborere uye kuti kuuya kwake kwaisazova munyama asi somudzimu. Chokwadi, ikoku kwakanga kuchibvumirana neizvo Russell navasonganiri vake muAllegheny vakanga vadavira kwenguva yakati!b Nenzira yechienzi, kunyange zvazvo zvakadaro, Barbour aidavira kubva muuporofita hwenguva hweBhaibheri kuti Kristu akanga atovapo (nenzira isingaoneki) uye kuti basa rokukohwa rokuunganidza “gorosi” (vaKristu vechokwadi vanoumba boka roUmambo) rakanga rava kufanira kuitwa.—Mat., ganhuro 13.
Russell akanga adzivisa uporofita hwenguva hweBhaibheri. Zvino, zvisinei, iye akashamisika, kuti: “Kungagona kuva here kuti uporofita hwenguva hwandakanga ndazvidza kwenguva refu kwazvo, nemhaka yokushandiswa kwahwo zvisina kufanira navaAdventist, chaizvoizvo hwakanzi huratidzire apo Ishe aizovapo asingaoneki kuti agadze Umambo hwake here?” Nenyota yake isingapedzwi yezvokwadi yapaMagwaro, Russell aifanira kudzidza zvakawanda. Naizvozvo akaronga kusangana naBarbour muPhiladelphia. Uyu musangano wakasimbisa kubvumirana kwavo padzidziso dzakati dzeBhaibheri ndokugovera mukana wokuti vatsinhane mirangariro. “Apo takatanga kusangana,” Russell akadaro gare gare, “akanga ane zvakawanda zvokudzidza kwandiri pamusoro pokuzara kwokudzorera kwakavakirwa pakukwana kwechibayiro chakapiwa nokuda kwavose, sezvo ndakanga ndine zvakawanda zvokudzidza kwaari pamusoro penguva.” Barbour akabudirira mukupwisa Russell kuti kuvapo kusingaoneki kwaKristu kwakanga kwavamba muna 1874.c
“Kusarudza Kutanga Nhimbe Yakasimba Yezvokwadi”
C. T. Russell akanga ari murume wezvitendero zvakasimba. Atendiswa kuti kuvapo kusingaoneki kwaKristu kwakanga kwavamba, iye akatsunga kukuzivisa kuvamwe. Iye akati gare gare: “Kuziva idi rokuti takanga tatova munhambo yokukohwa kwakandipa simba rokuparadzira Zvokwadi sezvandisina kutongoita kare. Naizvozvo pakarepo ndakasarudza kutanga nhimbe yakasimba yeZvokwadi.” Russell zvino akasarudza kuderedza fariro dzake dzebhizimisi kuti azvipe amene kukuparidza.
Kuti akurire mirangariro isina kururama pamusoro pokudzoka kwaShe, Russell akanyora kabhuku kanonzi The Object and Manner of Our Lord’s Return. Kakabudiswa muna 1877. Gore rimwe chetero Barbour naRussell vakabudisa vari pamwe chete Three Worlds, and the Harvest of This World. Iri bhuku rine mapeji 196 rakakurukura nhau dzokudzorera nouporofita hwenguva hweBhaibheri. Kunyange zvazvo nhau imwe neimwe yakanga yabatwa navamwe nguva iyoyi isati yasvika, mumurangariro waRussell iri bhuku rakanga riri “rokutanga kubatanidza pfungwa yokudzorera nouporofita hwenguva.” Rakapa murangariro wokuti kuvapo kusingaoneki kwaJesu Kristu kwakavamba mumatsutso a1874.
Sezvo Russell akafamba achiparidza, kwakava pachena kwaari kuti chimwe chinhu chikuru chaidikanwa kuchengeta mbeu dzezvokwadi dzaakanga achidyara dziri mhenyu uye dzichidiridzwa. Mhinduro yacho? “Magazini yomwedzi nomwedzi,” akadaro Russell. Naizvozvo iye naBarbour vakasarudza kumutsidzira kubudiswa kweHerald, iyo yakanga yambomiswa nemhaka yokuzvinyoresa kwakaregwa nemari yakapera. Russell akapa mari yake amene kuti amutsidzire magazini yacho, achiva mumwe wavapepeti biyake wayo.
Zvose zvakafamba zvakanaka kwechinguvana—ndiko kuti, kutozosvikira 1878.
Russell Anoparadzana naBarbour
Muchinyorwa chaAugust 1878 cheHerald of the Morning, makaoneka nyaya yakanyorwa naBarbour iyo yakaramba ukoshi hunotsiva hworufu rwaKristu. Russell, uyo akanga ari muduku kuna Barbour namakore anodokusvika 30, aigona kuona kuti ikoku, kutaura idi, kwakanga kuri kuramba rutivi runokosha rwedzidziso yorudzikinuro. Naizvozvo muchinyorwa chakatevera chimene (September 1878), Russell, munyaya ine musoro unoti “Yananiso,” akatsigira rudzikinuro ndokupikisa kutaura kwaBarbour. Gakava rakapfuurira mumapeji emagazini yacho kwemwedzi mishomanene yakatevera. Pakupedzisira, Russell akasarudza kurega kushamwaridzana naVaBarbour ndokugumisa imwe tsigiro yemari kuHerald.
C. T. Russell, kunyange zvazvo zvakadaro, akarangarira kuti kubva kuHerald kwakanga kusina kukwana; dzidziso yorudzikinuro inofanira kudzivirirwa uye kuvapo kwaKristu kunofanira kuziviswa. Nokudaro, muna July 1879, Russell akavamba kubudisa Zion’s Watch Tower and Herald of Christ’s Presence.d Russell akanga ari mupepeti nomubudisi, navamwe vashanu vakarongwa pakuvamba savanyori venyaya muzvikamu zvayo. Chinyorwa chokutanga chakanga chine makopi 6 000 akadhindwa. Pakazosvika 1914 kutsikirirwa kwechinyorwa chimwe nechimwe kwakanga kuri makopi anenge 50-000.
“Kwete Sehutsva, Kwete Sehwedu Timene, Asi sohwaShe”
C. T. Russell akashandisa Nharireyomurindi nezvimwe zvinyorwa kuti atsigire zvokwadi dzeBhaibheri uye kuti arambe dzidziso dzorudzidziso rwenhema nouzivi hwavanhu izvo zvaipokana neBhaibheri. Iye haana, zvisinei, kutaura kuti akawana zvokwadi itsva.
Kubvira parutivi rwapashure rwezana ramakore rechi18, vafundisi vakawanda nenyanzvi dzeBhaibheri vakanga vave vachifumura dzidziso dzenhema dzokusafa kwomweya nechirango chisingagumi nokuda kwavakaipa. Uku kufumura kwakanga kwashumwa zvakakwana mubhuku rinonzi Bible Vs. Tradition, rakanyorwa naAaron Ellis, rakabudiswa pakuvamba muEngland uye ipapo muUnited States muna 1853 naGeorge Storrs. Asi hapana munhu panguva iyoyo akaita zvakawanda kupfuura C. T. Russell navasonganiri vake kuzivisa iyi zvokwadi.
Zvakadiniko nedzimwe dzidziso dzeBhaibheri idzo dzakakurukurwa muNharireyomurindi nezvimwe zvinyorwa? Russell akatora mbiri yakazara nokuda kwokufukunura idzi zvokwadi dzinokosha here? Russell akatsanangura, kuti: “Takawana kuti kwamazana amakore masekete akasiyana-siyana namapoka zvakanga zvakamura dzidziso dzeBhaibheri pakati pazvo, zvichibatanidza nomurangariro wairatidzika sewavanhu nechikanganiso . . . Takawana kuti dzidziso inokosha yokururamiswa nokutenda uye kwete namabasa yakanga yadudzwa nenzira yakajeka naLuther uye misi ichangobva kupfuura iyi zvikuru navaKristu vakawanda; kuti ruramisiro youmwari nesimba nouchenjeri zvakanga zvachengetwa nokungwarira kunyange zvazvo kusina kunzwisiswa nenzira yakajeka navaPresbyterian; kuti vaMethodist vaionga nokurumbidza rudo netsitsi zvaMwari; kuti vaAdventist vaidavira dzidziso inokosha yokudzoka kwaShe; kuti vaBaptist pakati pamamwe mapfundo vaidavira dzidziso yorubhapatidzo zvakarurama nenzira yokufananidzira, kunyange zvazvo vakanga vakanganwa rubhapatidzo chairwoirwo; kuti vaUniversalist vakanga vanguve vachidavira nenzira isina kujeka mifungo yakati pamusoro po‘kudzorera.’ Naizvozvo, anodokuva masangano ose akapa ufakazi hwokuti vavambi vawo vakanga vave vachitsvaka zvokwadi: asi sezviri pachena chaizvo Muvengi mukuru akanga arwisana navo uye akanga akamura nenzira isina kururama Shoko raMwari iro iye aisagona kuparadza chose chose.”
Nezvekuverenga nguva kwaaiwanzoratidza, Russell akati: “Apo tinoti kuverenga ‘kwedu’ nguva tinongorevawo zvedu kwatinoshandisa, kuverenga nguva kweBhaibheri, uko kuri kwavanhu vose vaMwari avo vanokutendera. Chaizvoizvo kwaishandiswa muchinodokuva chimiro chatinochipa nguva refu zuva redu risati rasvika, sezvo uporofita hwakasiyana-siyana hwatinoshandisa hwaishandiswa kuchinangwa chakasiyana navaAdventist, uye sezvo dzidziso dzakasiyana-siyana dzatinodavira uye idzo dzinoratidzika kuva itsva kwazvo nedzakanaka nedzakasiyana dzaidavirwa muchimiro chakati kare kare: somuenzaniso—Sarudzo, Nyasha Huru, Dzorero, Ruramiso, Tsveneso, Rumbidzo, Rumuko.”
Ipapo Russell ainzwisisa sei basa iro iye navasonganiri vake vakaita mukubudisa zvokwadi yapaMagwaro? Iye akatsanangura, kuti: “Basa redu . . . rave riri rokuunganidza uhwu ubvurubvuru hwakapararira kwenguva refu hwezvokwadi ndokuhupa kuvanhu vaShe—kwete sehutsva, kwete sehwedu timene, asi sehwaShe . . . Tinofanira kuramba rumbidzo ipi neipi kunyange nokuda kwokuwanwa nokurongwazve kwezvokwadi dzinokosha.” Iye akatizve: “Basa iro Ishe akafara kushandisa mano edu akaderera mariri rave risiri basa rokuvamba asi panzvimbo pezvo rokuumbazve, rokugadziridza, rokutsinhiranisa.”
Russell nokudaro akanga achizvininipisa kwazvo pamusoro pezvaaiita. Kunyange zvazvo zvakadaro, “ubvurubvuru hwakapararira hwezvokwadi” uhwo iye akaunganidza ndokupa kuvanhu vaShe hwakanga husina dzidziso dzenhema dzinozvidza Mwari dzoUtatu nokusafa kwomweya, idzo dzakanga dzava dzakasimbiswa muchechi dzechiKristudhomu somugumisiro wokuramba kutenda kukuru. Kusafanana nomumwe munhu panguva iyoyo, Russell navasonganiri vake vakazivisa munyika yose revo yokudzoka kwaShe nechinangwa chaMwari nezvachaibatanidza.
‘Kuvakana Mukutenda Kutsvene-tsvene’
Vanhu vaiva nomwoyo wakatendeseka vakakurumidza kugamuchira zvokwadi dzinosunungura idzo C. T. Russell navasonganiri vake vakanga vachizivisa kupfurikidza nezvose zviri zviviri peji yakadhindwa nomuhurukuro. Russell, achiri ane makore asingasviki 30 ezera, akakurumidza kuziva kuti kwakanga kune dikanwo yokuti varavi veNharireyomurindi varovedzane navatendi biyavo ndokukurudzirana. Vadzidzi veBhaibheri muPittsburgh vakanga vachiita ikoku kupfurikidza nokuungana nguva dzose, asi chii chaigona kuitwa kubetsera varavi veNharireyomurindi mudzimwe nzvimbo?
Mhinduro yakauya muzvinyorwa zveNharireyomurindi zvechiNgezi zvaMay naJune 1880. Imomo Russell akazivisa rongedzero dzake dzokushanyira mataundi namaguta akati muPennsylvania, New Jersey, Massachusetts, uye New York. Nokuda kwechinangwai? “Varavi vedu,” chiziviso chacho chakatsanangura kudaro, “vakapararira zvikuru, mudzimwe nzvimbo 2 ne3, uye kupfuurira kusvikira ku50. Nzvimbo dzakawanda havana kurovedzana chose chose nomumwe nomumwe, uye nokudaro vanorasikirwa nokunzwira urombo nenyaradzo izvo Baba vedu vakaronga kuti zvinofanira kuuya kwavari kupfurikidza no‘Kuzviunganidza vamene pamwe chete sezvakaita mutoo wavamwe.’ Irongedzero Yake kuti tinofanira ku‘Simbisana,’ uye kuvakana mukutenda kutsvene-tsvene. Misangano yakakarakadzwa tingavimba kuti, ingaparira kuzivana kwomunhu oga.”—VaH. 10:24, 25.
“Misangano yakakarakadzwa” yakaitwa mukati morwendo rwaRussell, uye yakabvumikisa kuva inobudirira zvikuru; varavi veNharireyomurindi vakakweverwa pamwe chete zvikuru. Idzi nedzimwe nzendo dzokushanyira “mapoka maduku avakamirira” dzakakurumidza kuguma nokuumbwa kwemapoka akati, kana kuti chechi (dzakanzi ungano gare gare), dzaiva munharaunda dzadudzwa pakuvamba pamwe chete nomuOhio neMichigan. Aya mapoka akakurudzirwa kuitisa misangano nguva dzose. Asi rudzii rwemisangano?
Boka rePittsburgh rakanga ratanga tsika yokuungana pamwe chete kanenge kaviri vhiki imwe neimwe. Mumwe musangano weboka rePittsburgh waiwanzobatanidza hurukuro yaikurukurwa nomukurukuri akakwaniriswa kuchechi yose, zvichida muhoro yairendwa. Asi pamimwe misangano, yaiitirwa kazhinji-kazhinji mumisha yavanhu, avo vaivapo vaikumbirwa kuunza Bhaibheri, konikodhenzi, pepa, uye penzura—uye kuti vatore rutivi.
Ruwadzano rwoushamwari hwomudzimu rwakawanwa pamisangano yeungano iyoyo yevhiki nevhiki yenguva dzose rwakanga rwuri chinjo inozorodza kubva mumamirire ezvinhu asingafadzi, akaipa paminamato yedzakawanda dzechechi dzechiKristudhomu. Asi Russell navasonganiri vake havana kutanga pfungwa yokuungana pamwe chete nguva dzose. Tsika iyoyo yokuungana, kunyange mumisha yavanhu, yakatangwa navaKristu vomuzana rokutanga ramakore.—VaR. 16:3, 5; VaK. 4:15.
“Muri Kuparidza Here?”
C. T. Russell navasonganiri vake vaidavira zvakasimba kuti vakanga vari munguva yokukohwa uye kuti vanhu vaifanira kunzwa zvokwadi inosunungura. Bva, vakanga vari vashomanene. Nharireyomurindi yakanga ichiita chinodikanwa chinokosha, asi zvakawanda zvaigona kuitwa here? Russell navashandi biyake vakafunga kudaro. Mukati ma1880 vakavamba kubudisa Bible Students’ Tracts (gare gare akazodanwawo kunzi Old Theology Quarterly), uye iwaya akagoverwa kuvaravi veNharireyomurindi nokuda kwokuparadzirwa pachena kune voruzhinji.
Hungu, varavi veNharireyomurindi vakakurudzirwa kugoverana navamwe zvokwadi dzinokosha dzavakanga vachidzidza. “Muri kuparidza here?” wakanga uri mubvunzo wakamutswa muchinyorwa chakabatanidzwa cheNharireyomurindi yechiNgezi chaJuly naAugust 1881. Kuparidza kwakanga kuchikosha sei kwavari? Nyaya yacho yakapfuurira kuti: “Tinodavira kuti hapana nomumwe achava weboka duku kunze kwavaparidzi. . . . Hungu, takadanwa kuti titambure naye nokuzivisa mashoko akanaka iwayo zvino, kuti munguva yakafanira tigopiwa mbiri ndokuita zvinhu zvinoparidzwa zvino. Hatina kudanwa, uyewo kuzodzwa kuti tigamuchire rukudzo nokuunganidza pfuma, asi kuti tipe nguva yedu yose nesimba, uye kuti tiparidze mashoko akanaka.”
Kwakakodzera kuti Vadzidzi veBhaibheri vapakuvamba ivavo vakanzwa zvikuru dikanwo yokuparidza mashoko akanaka. Kutaura idi, basa rokuparidza rakaiswa pavaKristu vomuzana rokutanga ramakore; mutoro uri pavaKristu vose vechokwadi kusvikira kuzuva rino. (Mat. 24:14; 28:19, 20; Mabasa 1:8) Asi ndechipi chakanga chiri chinangwa chokuparidza kwakaitwa naRussell navaravi vapakuvamba veNharireyomurindi? Chakanga chingori chokuparadzira mabhuku eBhaibheri here kana kuti kumutsira vanoenda kuchechi kuzvokwadi dzapaMagwaro here?
“Munofanira . . . Kurisiya”
“Budai mariri, vanhu vangu,” Bhaibheri rakanyevera kudaro kare kare. Kubuda muchii? “Bhabhironi Guru, mai vemhombwe nevezvinhu zvinonyangadza zvapasi.” (Zvak. 17:5; 18:4, NW) Kubudireiko muBhabhironi? “Nokuti zvivi zvaro zvaungana pamwe chete kusvikira kudenga, uye Mwari arangarira mabasa aro okusaruramisira.” (Zvak. 18:5, NW) Mai vemhombwe ava ndiani avo vanhu vanofanira kuzviparadzanisa vamene navo?
Martin Luther navamwe vatungamiriri veChinjo vakazivisa Chechi yeKaturike nechiremera chayo chapapa seBhabhironi Guru. Zvakadiniko nechechi dzechiPurotesitendi idzo dzakavapo somugumisiro weChinjo? Idi nderokuti, kunze kwokuramba kwadzo ukuru hwapapa, dzimwe dzakanga dzisina kusiyana zvikuru nechiKaturike muchimiro chechechi, uye dzakachengeta dzidziso dzisati dziri dzapaMagwaro, zvakadai soUtatu, kusafa kwomweya, uye kutambudzwa kusingagumi. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichochi vamwe vaparidzi vakakurudzira vanhu kuti vabude kwete bedzi muChechi yeKaturike asiwo mumasangano makuru echechi dzechiPurotesitendi.
C. T. Russell navasonganiri vake vakazivawo kuti iyi mhombwe ine mukurumbira wakaipa yakanga isati ingoriwo zvayo Chechi yeKaturike. Nokudaro, nepo Nharireyomurindi yechiNgezi yaNovember 1879 yakazivisa Bhabhironi Guru ne“Chiremera chapapa seSANGANO,” nyaya yacho yakawedzera, kuti: “Tinofanira kupfuurira ndokubatanidza, (kwete mitezo mimwe nemimwe, asi masangano echechi) dzimwe chechi dzakabatanidzwa noUmambo hwapasi. Chechi iri yose inotaura kuti imhandara yakachena yakaroorwa naKristu, asi chaizvoizvo yakabatanidzwa uye inotsigirwa nenyika (chikara) tinofanira kushurikidza seiri mumutauro worugwaro chechi mhombwe.”
Chiiko, naizvozvo, icho varavi veNharireyomurindi vakakurudzirwa kuita? Russell akanyora, kuti: “Kana chechi yamakabatanidzwa nayo, ichirarama mumubatanidzwa woupombwe nenyika, munofanira, kana muchizochengeta nguo dzenyu dzakachena, kuisiya.” Russell navasonganiri vake panguva iyoyo havana kunzwisisa mwero wakazara wepesvedzero yeBhabhironi Guru. Kunyange zvazvo zvakadaro, varavi veNharireyomurindi vakakurudzirwa kuzviparadzanisa vamene namasangano echechi ayo akanga ari akaipa neenyika.—Joh. 18:36.
“Zvokwadi Yaro Yakaorora Mwoyo Wangu Pakarepo”
Kubudiswa kwezvokwadi dzeBhaibheri kwakaita nhano inokosha yokufambira mberi muna 1886 nokubudiswa kwevhoriyamu yokutanga yenhevedzano yakapikirwa yamabhuku anodanwa kunzi Millennial Dawn, akanyorwa naC. T. Russell. Vhoriyamu I yakanzi The Divine Plan of the Ages. Rakanga rine fundo pamusoro penhau 16, zvakadai so“Kuvapo kwoMusiki Mukurusa Akangwara Kwakasimbiswa,” “Bhaibheri Sechizaruro Choumwari Rinorangarirwa Nebetsero Yomufungo,” “Kudzoka kwaShe Wedu—Chinangwa Chako, Kudzorerwa Kwezvinhu Zvose,” uye “Kubvumidzwa Kwezvakaipa Nokuwirirana Kwako Nerongedzero yaMwari.” Pakupedzisira, C. T. Russell akanyora mamwe mabhuku mashanu enhevedzano yeMillennial Dawn.e
Russell haana kurarama kuti anyore vhoriyamu yechinomwe yairangarirwa yenhevedzano yacho, asi kuparadzirwa kwakafara kwamavhoriyamu matanhatu ayo iye akapedza akagamuchirwa zvakanaka navanhu vane mwoyo wakatendeseka. “Bhuku renyu rinonzi MILLENNIAL DAWN rakauya kwandiri Matsutso akapfuura,” akanyora kudaro mumwe mukadzi muna 1889, “nguva yokutanga yandakanzwa nezvemabhuku akadaro. Ndakarigamuchira pamanheru eChitanhatu, ndakatanga kurirava pakarepo ndokusatongoriisa parutivi, kutoti ndakabatikana, kutozosvikira rapera. Zvokwadi yaro yakaorora mwoyo wangu pakarepo; pakarepo ndakabuda muChechi yePresbyterian uko ndakanga ndave ndichitsvangadzira zvokwadi murima kwenguva refu kwazvo, uye handina kuiwana.”
Kwaida ushingi chaihwoihwo mumazuva iwayo kubuda muchechi yako. Akaratidzira ikoku akanga ari mumwe mukadzi muManitoba, Canada, uyo akava neMillennial Dawn muna 1897. Pakutanga, akaedza kuramba ane chechi yake ndokudzidzisa muSandisikuru dzomunzvimbomo. Zuva rakasvika, muna 1903, apo iye akasarudza kubuda. Iye akamira ndokuudza vose vaivapo chikonzero nei airangarira kuti anofanira kuparadzana nechechi. Muvakidzani wapedyosa (aikosha kuvanhu vaiva munzanga duku mumazuva iwayo) akaedza kumunyengetedza kuti adzoke kuchechi. Asi akamira akasimba, kunyange zvazvo kwakanga kusina ungano yaVadzidzi veBhaibheri pedyopo. Sokutsanangura kunoita Mwanakomana wake akatsanangura gare gare mamirire ezvinhu zvake, kuti: “Hapana mubatiri [mukuru] wefundo wokutsamira paari. Hapana misangano. Mwoyo unozvidemba. Bhaibheri rasakara. Maawa marefu okunyengetera.”
Chakanga chiri chii pamusoro peMillennial Dawn, Nharireyomurindi, uye zvimwe zvinyorwa zveSosaiti icho chakaorora mwoyo yavanhu ndokuvasunda kuita chiito chakasimba chakadaro? C. T. Russell akanga ane mutoo wokutsanangura nawo dzidziso dzeBhaibheri uyo wakanga wakasiyana nawavanyori vakawanda vezuva rake. Iye aidavira Bhaibheri kuva Shoko risingakanganisi raMwari uye kuti dzidziso dzaro dzinofanira kuva dzinotsinhirana. Naizvozvo, kana rutivi rwupi norwupi rweBhaibheri rwakaoma kunzwisisa, iye airangarira kudaro, runofanira kujekeswa ndokududzirwa norumwe rutivi rweShoko rakafuridzirwa. Iye haana kuedza kutsigira tsananguro idzo akapa nechipupuriro chavafundisi vezuva rake kana kuti nemirangariro yavanonzi vanyori vapakuvamba vechechi. Sezvaakanyora muVhoriyamu I yeMillennial Dawn, kuti: “Tinokudavira kuva kutadza kunozivikanwa navose kwazvino nenguva dzose kuti vanhu vadavire dzidziso dzakati nemhaka yokuti vamwe vaidaro, avo vaiva nechivimbo navo. . . . Vatsvaki vezvokwadi vanofanira kubvisa mumidziyo yavo mvura dzine matope dzegamuchidzanwa ndokuizadza patsime rezvokwadi—Shoko raMwari.”
Sezvo nhamba inokura yavatsvaki vezvokwadi vakadaro yakagamuchira zvavairava muzvinyorwa zveWatch Tower Society, chinjo dzisingakarirwi dzakava dziri madikanwa muAllegheny.
Dzimbahwe paBible House
Vadzidzi veBhaibheri muAllegheny, vakabatanidzwa nokubudiswa kweNharireyomurindi, vairangarirwa kuva vane ruzivo rwokuzviwanira rukurusa mukuita basa raShe uye vaivimbwa navo nechechi dzose, kana kuti ungano, saavo vanotungamirira. Pakutanga vakanga vane hofisi dzedzimbahwe pa101 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, uye gare gare pa44 Federal Street, Allegheny. Mukupera kwema1880, zvisinei, kukura kwakava kuri madikanwa. Naizvozvo Russell akaronga kuvaka zvivako zvikuru. Muna 1889 chivako chezvidhina chine nhurikidzwa ina pa56-60 Arch Street, Allegheny, chakapedzwa. Chiine ukoshi hwe$34 000, chakanga chichizivikanwa seBible House. Chakabatira sedzimbahwe reSosaiti kwamakore 19.
Kuvambira muna 1890, mhuri duku yeBible House yakanga ichibatira zvinodikanwa zvavasonganiri vanoshingaira vane mazana anoverengeka veWatch Tower Society. Asi sezvo makore ane gumi ama1890 akafambira mberi, vakawanda vakafarira izvo ivava vakanga vachiita. Kutaura idi, maererano nomushumo usina kukwana wakabudiswa muNharireyomurindi yechiNgezi, pana March 26, 1899, Chirangaridzo chorufu rwaKristu chakachengetwa pamisangano yakaparadzana ine 339 navatori rutivi vane 2 501. Chiiko, kunyange zvazvo zvakadaro, chaizobetsera kuchengeta chiverengero chinokura chaVadzidzi veBhaibheri chakabatana?
Kubatanidza Boka Rinokura
C. T. Russell akakurudzira varavi vose veNharireyomurindi kuungana pamwe chete papi kana papi pavaigona kuti vaumbe mapoka, maduku kana kuti makuru, kuti vavakane mumudzimu. Zano rapaMagwaro rakagoverwa kupfurikidza nezvikamu zveNharireyomurindi. Vamiriri vanofambira veWatch Tower Society vakatumwawo vachibva padzimbahwe kuti varambe vachionana namapoka akasiyana-siyana ndokuavaka mumudzimu.
Panhambo nenhambo, kwakanga kunewo magungano chaiwo aipindwa naVadzidzi veBhaibheri vaibva kunzvimbo dzakawanda. “Iyi iKOKERO CHAIYO kumuravi ari wose anogona kuuya,” chakakurudzira kudaro chinyorwa chaMarch 1886 cheNharireyomurindi yechiNgezi. Chii chakanga chiri nhambo yacho? Kuchengetwa kwegore negore kweChidyo chaShe Chamadekwana, kwaifanira kuitwa paSvondo, April 18, 1886, paAllegheny. Zvakawanda, kunyange zvazvo zvakadaro, zvakanga zvarongwa: Nhevedzano yemisangano chaiyo yakarongwa mukati memanheru evhiki yakatevera. Vadzidzi veBhaibheri muAllegheny vakazarurira misha yavo—uye mwoyo yavo—pachena nhume dzaishanya. Kwamakore mashomanene akatevera, magungano akafanana akaitwa muAllegheny panguva yeChirangaridzo chorufu rwaShe.
Mukati mokupera kwema1890, kokorodzano dzakavamba kurongwa munzvimbo dzakawanda. C. T. Russell aiwanzotaura panhambo idzodzi. Kumuteerera kwakanga kwakaita sei?
Ralph Leffler, uyo akanzwa C. T. Russell achitaura, akayeuka, kuti: “Paaiva pachikuva pamberi pavateereri, nguva dzose aipfeka bhachi dema rakareba netai chena. Inzwi rake rakanga risina ruzha, uye aisatongoshandisa maikorofoni kana kuti gudzanzwi, nokuti zvakanga zvisati zvagadzirwa; bva, neimwe nzira inzwi rake nguva dzose raisvika kurutivi rwaiva kuresa rwehoro. Iye aigona kubata ngwariro yavateereri vazhinji kwete kweawa imwe chete asi pane dzimwe nguva maawa maviri kana kuti matatu. Iye nguva dzose aivamba hurukuro yake nokukotamira vateereri zvinyoro. Apo akanga achitaura, akanga asingamiri panzvimbo imwe somufananidzo, asi nguva dzose aifamba, achiita majangariko namaoko ake uye achienda kudivi nedivi kana kuti mberi neshure. Handina kutongomuona kamwe akatakura zvinonyorwa zvipi nezvipi kana kuti manyoro mumaoko ake—Bhaibheri bedzi, iro aishandisa kazhinji kazhinji zvikuru. Iye aitaura zvichibva mumwoyo uye nomutoo waipwisa zvikuru. Kazhinji kazhinji chinhu bedzi chaiva pachikuva mumazuva iwayo yakanga iri tafura duku yaiva neBhaibheri pairi nejagi remvura negirazi umo mukurukuri ainwira mvura panhambo nenhambo.”
Kokorodzano dzapakuvamba idzodzo dzakanga dziri nhambo dzoruwadzano rwoushamwari nokuzorodzwa kwomudzimu. Dzaibatira kusimbisa chinzwano chaVadzidzi vose veBhaibheri nokuzivisa zvokwadi dzeBhaibheri. Munguva yacho, sezvo makore ane gumi ema1890 akaswedera kumugumo, kwakanga kuri pachena kuVadzidzi veBhaibheri kuti zvakawanda zvikuru zvaifanira kuitwa mukuparadzira zvokwadi yeBhaibheri. Asi vakanga vachiri vashoma zvikuru. Kwakanga kune nzira yokusvika nayo vamwe vanhu vane mamiriyoni kupfuura vaigona kuonwa nemitoo yaishandiswa panguva iyoyo here? Zvirokwazvo yakanga iriko!
Kuzarura Suo Ro“kuparidza Evhangeri Namapepanhau”
Pakasvika kupera kwezana ramakore rechi19, nyika yakanga yatandwa netambo zhinji dzetenigiramu. Kurukurirano netenigiramu yakanga isingadhuri uye yaikurumidza; yakachinja kubudiswa kwemapepanhau. Nhau dzaigona kutumirwa kure nokukurumidza ndokudhindwa mumapepanhau. Murutivi rwapakuvamba rwezana ramakore rechi20, C. T. Russell navasonganiri vake vakaona mapepanhau senzira inobudirira yokusvika nayo vanhu vakawanda. Russell gare gare akati: “Pepanhau razova chinhu chikuru muupenyu hwezuva nezuva hwenyika yakashambidzika.
Chinyorwa chaDecember 1, 1904, cheNharireyomurindi yechiNgezi chakazivisa kuti mharidzo dzakaparidzwa naC. T. Russell dzakanga dzichioneka mumapepanhau matatu. Chinyorwa chakatevera cheNharireyomurindi, pasi pomusoro unoti “Newspaper Gospelling,” chakashuma, kuti: “Mamiriyoni emharidzo nokudaro akaparadzirwa kwose kwose; uye dzimwe dzakati dzakaita zvakanaka. Kana Ishe achida tichafara kuona iri ‘suo’ richiramba rakazaruka, kana kuti kunyange kutozaruka zvikuru.” Suo ro“kuparidza evhangeri nemapepanhau” rakatozaruka zvikuru. Kutaura idi, pakasvika 1913 kwakafungidzirwa kuti kupfurikidza namapepanhau 2 000 mharidzo dzaRussell dzakanga dzichisvika varavi vane 15 000 000!
Kunyange zvazvo zvakadaro, Russell akakwanisa sei kuita kuti mharidzo yevhiki nevhiki idhindwe kunyange apo akanga achifamba? Vhiki imwe neimwe aitumira netenigiramu mharidzo (yakareba zvinenge zvikamu zviviri zvepepanhau) kusangano rinopa nhau kumapepanhau. Sangano rachowo raiitumira netenigiramu kumapepanhau aiva muUnited States, Canada, uye Europe.
Russell akapwiswa kuti Ishe akanga azarura zvikuru suo rokuparidza namapepanhau. Mukati mamakore ane gumi okutanga ezana ramakore rechi20, shoko reBhaibheri iro Russell navasonganiri vake vakazivisa rakazivikanwa zvikuru kupfurikidza nemharidzo dzomumapepanhau dzakadaro. Chimwe chinyorwa chinonzi The Continent chakambotaura pamusoro paRussell, kuti: “Manyoro ake anotaurwa kuva anoparadzirwa zvikuru mumapepanhau vhiki iri yose kupfuura ayo omumwe munhu mupenyu upi noupi; zvikuru, pasina kupokana, kupfuura kuparadzirwa kwakabatanidzwa kwamanyoro avaprista vose navaparidzi muNorth America.”
Kutamira kuBrooklyn
Sezvo kuparidza namapepanhau kwakawedzera, Vadzidzi veBhaibheri vakatsvaka imwe nzvimbo yavaigona kuvamba mharidzo vari pairi. Neiko? Bible House muAllegheny yakanga yava duku zvikuru. Kwakafungwawo kuti kudai mharidzo dzaRussell dzaibva muguta guru zvikuru, rinozivikanwa zviri nani, kwaizoguma nokubudiswa kwemharidzo dzake mumapepanhau akawanda. Asi guta ripi? Nharireyomurindi yechiNgezi yaDecember 15, 1908, yakatsanangura, kuti: “Pamwe chete takagumisa, pashure pokutsvaka nhungamiro yaMwari, kuti Brooklyn, N.Y., ine chiverengero chikuru cheboka rapakati napakati, uye inozivikanwa se‘Guta Rechechi,’ nokuda kwezvikonzero izvozvi, yaizova nzvimbo yedu yakakodzera zvikurusa yebasa rokukohwa mukati mamakore mashomanene asara.”
Muna 1908, naizvozvo, vamiriri vanoverengeka veWatch Tower Society, kubatanidza gweta rayo, Joseph F. Rutherford, vakatumirwa kuNew York City. Chinangwa chavo? Kuwana nzvimbo iyo C. T. Russell akanga awana parwendo rwapakuvamba zvikuru. Vakatenga “Plymouth Bethel” yekare, iri pa13-17 Hicks Street, Brooklyn. Yakanga yabatira senzvimbo yavafundisi nokuda kweChechi yePlymouth Congregational yaiva pedyo, uko Henry Ward Beecher akambobatira somufundisi. Vamiriri veSosaiti vakatengawo yaichimbova imba yaBeecher, chivako chamabwe matsvuku chine nhurikidzwa ina pa124 Columbia Heights, chiri kure namabhuroko mashomanene.
Chivako chiri muHicks Street chakavakwazve ndokunzi Brooklyn Tabernacle. Chaiva nehofisi dzeSosaiti nehoro. Pashure pokugadzira kwakati, yaichimbova imba yaBeecher pa124 Columbia Heights yakava musha mutsva wavashandi vapadzimbahwe reSosaiti. Yaizonzi chii? Nharireyomurindi yechiNgezi yaMarch 1, 1909, yakatsanangura, kuti: “Tichadana musha mutsva kuti ‘Bheteri’ [kureva kuti, “Imba yaMwari”].”f
“Kuparidza evhangeri namapepanhau,” sezvakwaidanwa kudaro, kwakawedzera pashure pokutamira kuBrooklyn. Asi yakanga isati iri nzira bedzi yokusvika nayo vanhu vazhinji.
Kukudza Kuziviswa Kwamashoko Akanaka
Muna 1912, Russell navasonganiri vake vakatanga basa roushingi redzidzo iro rakanga riri mberi kwenguva iyoyo. Kutaura idi, rakanga riri rokusvika mamiriyoni avanhu munyika yose. Rakanga riri “Photo-Drama of Creation”—kuratidzwa kwomubatanidzwa wemifanikiso inofamba namasiraidhi, airatidzwa panguva imwe cheteyo nenziyo dzakarekodwa nehurukuro dzemarekodhi egiramufomu. Rakanga rakareba anenge maawa masere uye raipiwa mumativi mana. Kunze kwe“Photo-Drama” yenguva dzose, “Eureka Drama,” yaiva nehurukuro dzakarekodwa nenziyo dzakarekodwa kana kuti zvimwe marekodhi kubatanidza masiraidhi, yakanga ichiwanikawo. Kunyange zvazvo yakanga isina mifanikiso inofamba, yakaratidzwa nenzira inobudirira munharaunda dzaiva navanhu vashomanene zvikuru.
Fungidzira chinokosha: Muna January 1914, mukati menhambo yemabhaisikopo asingabudisi manzwi,g vateereri 5 000 vakaungana paThe Temple, chivako chiri paWest 63rd Street, muNew York City. Vamwe vakawanda vaifanira kudzokeswa. Nhambo yacho? Chokwadi, kuratidzirwa kwokutanga muNew York kwe“Photo-Drama of Creation”! Pamberi pavateereri pakanga pane panobuda mifanikiso inofamba pakakura. Sezvo vaitarira—uye kuteerera—chimwe chinhu chinoshamisa zvirokwazvo chakaitika. C. T. Russell, panguva iyeyo aiva mukuvamba kwamakore ake okuma60, akaoneka panobuda mifanikiso. Miromo yake yakatanga kufamba, uye mashoko ake aigona kunzwika! Sezvo kuratidzirwa kwacho kwakapfuurira, kwakaendesa avo vaiva muvateereri—kupfurikidza namashoko, mifanikiso ine mavara, uye nziyo—vachibva pakusikwa kwapasi kusvikira kukuguma kwoKutonga kweMakore Ane Chiuru kwaKristu. Mukati mokuratidzira vakaonawo (kupfurikidza nemifananidzo inokurumidziswa) zvimwe zvinhu zvakavashamisa—kupetenuka kweruva nokuchechenywa kwenhiyo. Vakaororwa zvirokwazvo!
Pakasvika kupera kwa1914, “Photo-Drama” yakanga yaratidzirwa pamberi pamamiriyoni avanhu muNorth America, Europe, New Zealand, uye Australia. “Photo-Drama” zvirokwazvo yakabvumikisa kuva mutoo unobudirira wokusvika vanhu vazhinji munhambo pfupi zvikuru yenguva.
Munguva ino, zvakadiniko naOctober 1914? Kwamakumi amakore Russell navasonganiri vake vakanga vave vachizivisa kuti Nguva dzaVamarudzi dzaizoguma muna 1914. Kariro dzakanga dziri huru. C. T. Russell akanga ave achitsoropodza avo vakanga varatidzira misi yakasiyana-siyana yokudzoka kwaShe, vakadai saWilliam Miller namamwe mapoka eSecond Adventist. Bva, kubvira panguva yesonganiro yake yapakuvamba naNelson Barbour, iye akapwiswa kuti kwakanga kune kuverenga nguva kwakarurama, kwakavakirwa paBhaibheri, uye kuti kwainongedzera kuna 1914 somugumo weNguva dzaVamarudzi.
Sezvo gore rinokosha iroro rakasvika, kwakanga kune kariro huru pakati paVadzidzi veBhaibheri, asi hazvisati zvaiva zvose izvo vaikarira zvakanga zvataurwa zvakananga muRugwaro. Chii chaizoitika?
[Mashoko Omuzasi]
a Nharireyomurindi yechiNgezi, yaJuly 15, 1906, p. 229.
b Akanga asati ari Barbour kana kuti Russell akanga ari wokutanga kutsanangura kudzoka kwaShe sokuvapo kusingaoneki. Pakuvamba zvikuru kwazvo, Sir Isaac Newton (1642-1727) akanga anyora kuti Kristu aizodzoka ndokutonga “asingaonekwi navanhu.” Muna 1856, Joseph Seiss, mufundisi weLutheran muPhiladelphia, Pennsylvania, akanga anyora pamusoro pokudzoka kwechipiri kwamatanho maviri—pa·rou·siʹa isingaoneki, kana kuti kuvapo, kunoteverwa nokuratidzirwa kunooneka. Ipapo, muna 1864, Benjamin Wilson akanga abudisa Emphatic Diaglott yake ine zvakanyorwa pakati pemitsetse inorava kuti “kuvapo,” kwete “kuuya,” nokuda kwapa·rou·siʹa, uye B. W. Keith, musonganiri waBarbour, akanga akukwevera kungwariro yaBarbour navasonganiri vake.
c Nzwisiso yakajeka zvikuru yokuverenga nguva kweBhaibheri yakabudiswa mumakore apashure. Ona Ganhuro 10, “Kukura Muzivo Yakarurama Yezvokwadi.”
d Kutaura kwokuti “Watch Tower” hakusati kuri kwemanyoro aRussell bedzi kana kuti eZvapupu zvaJehovha. George Storrs akabudisa bhuku muma1850 rinonzi The Watch Tower: Or, Man in Death; and the Hope for a Future Life. Zita racho rakabatanidzwawo mumusoro wamagazini orudzidziso akasiyana-siyana anobuda panhambo nenhambo. Kunobva mupfungwa yokuramba takachenjerera kushanda kwezvinangwa zvaMwari.—Isa. 21:8, 11, 12; Ezek. 3:17; Hab. 2:1.
e Akanga ari: Vhoriyamu II, The Time Is At Hand (1889); Vhoriyamu III, Thy Kingdom Come (1891); Vhoriyamu IV, The Day of Vengeance (1897; gare gare rakanzi The Battle of Armageddon); Vhoriyamu V, The At-one-ment Between God and Man (1899); uye Vhoriyamu VI, The New Creation (1904). Apo mavhoriyamu eMillennial Dawn akavamba kudanwa kunzi Studies in the Scriptures, Vhoriyamu I yakaratidzirwa se“Series I,” Vhoriyamu II se“Series II,” uye zvichingodaro. Zita rokuti Studies in the Scriptures rakagamuchirwa muzvinyorwa zvakaganhurirwa kuvamba munenge muna October 1904, uye zita idzva rakashandiswa kazhinji kazhinji zvikuru kuvamba muna 1906.
f Gare gare, nzvimbo yakabatana, 122 Columbia Heights, yakatengwa, nokudaro kuchikudza Musha weBheteri. Uyewo, muna 1911 chivako chokuwedzera chakawedzerwa kuseri kwoMusha weBheteri, chichigovera pokugara patsva.
g Kunyange zvazvo kwakanga kune kuedza kwapakuvamba kubatanidza mifanikiso inofamba ine manzwi, nhambo yemifanikiso inotaura yakatangwa muna August 1926 nokubudiswa kweDon Juan (nenziyo asi pasina kutaura), yakateverwa neThe Jazz Singer (ine kutaura) mukupera kwa1927.
[Mashoko okukewezva vaverengi ari papeji 51]
‘Vakadanwa kuparidza mashoko akanaka’
[Bhokisi/Mufananidzo uri papeji 44]
“Regai Zvose Zviri Zviviri Zvikure Pamwe Chete Kutozosvikira Pakukohwa”
Chii chakaitika kuchiKristu chechokwadi pashure pezana rokutanga ramakore? Mumumwe muenzaniso, Jesu akanga anyevera kuti Dhiyabhorosi aizodyara “mashawi,” vaKristu venhema, pakati pe“gorosi,” vaKristu vechokwadi, “vanakomana voumambo.” Zvose zviri zviviri zvaizokura pamwe chete kutozosvikira pa“kukohwa,” “mhedziso yetsika yezvinhu.” (Mat. 13:24-30, 36-43, NW) Mukati mokuwa pakutenda kukuru uko kwakatanga pashure porufu rwavaapostora, “mashawi” akakurira kwamazana amakore akawanda.
Asi zvakadiniko ne“gorosi”? Ndivanaani vaiva pakati pa“vanakomana voumambo” mukati mokuramba kutenda kwakavapo kwamazana amakore? Hatigoni kutaura zvechokwadi. Mashawi chaiwoiwo omuenzaniso waJesu anowanzorangarirwa kuva “darnel ine mvere,” ayo akafanana zvikuru kwazvo negorosi kutozosvikira akura, apo anogona kusiyaniswa nenzira iri nyore negorosi kupfurikidza nembeu dzawo nhema duku zvikuru. Nenzira yakafanana, paku“kohwa” bedzi apo mutsauko wakajeka waizoitwa pakati pavaKristu venhema “vanakomana voumambo” vechokwadi. Kunyange zvazvo zvakadaro, Jesu akati: “Regai zvose zviri zviviri zvikure pamwe chete kutozosvikira pakukohwa.” ChiKristu chechokwadi, ipapoka, hachina kutongoparadzwa chose chose.
Mumazana ose amakore nguva dzose kwave kune vadi vezvokwadi. Kududza vashomanene chete: John Wycliffe (munenge muna 1330-1384) uye William Tyndale (munenge muna 1494-1536) vakapfuuridzira basa rokushandura Bhaibheri kunyange mungozi youpenyu hwavo kana kuti rusununguko. Wolfgang Fabricius Capito (1478-1541), Martin Cellarius (1499-1564), Johannes Campanus (munenge muna 1500-1575), uye Thomas Emlyn (1663-munenge muna 1741) vakagamuchira Bhaibheri seShoko raMwari ndokuramba Utatu. Henry Grew (1781-1862) naGeorge Storrs (1796-1879) havana kugamuchira bedzi Bhaibheri ndokuramba Utatu asi vakaratidzirawo kuonga chibayiro chorudzikinuro chaKristu.
Kunyange zvazvo tisingagoni kuzivisa zvechokwadi upi noupi wavanhu vakadaro se“gorosi” romuenzaniso waJesu, zvirokwazvo “Jehovha anoziva avo vari vake.”—2 Tim. 2:19, NW.
[Bhokisi riri papeji 45]
George W. Stetson—“Murume Wamano Akatanhamara”
C. T. Russell akabvuma nenzira yokuonga rubatsiro rwaakapiwa naGeorge W. Stetson, weEdinboro, Pennsylvania, mukufunda Magwaro. Stetson akafa pana October 9, 1879, pazera ramakore 64. Mwedzi wakatevera wacho “Nharireyomurindi” yakava nechiziviso chorufu rwaStetson icho chakazivisa kumuremekedza kukuru kwaRussell aiva nemakore 27 okukura. “Hama yedu yakanga iri murume wamano akatanhamara,” akanyora kudaro Russell, “uye akarega kariro dzakanaka dzorukudzo rwenyika norwezvamatongerwe enyika kuti abvumidzwe kuparidza Kristu.” Chikumbiro chapakufa chaStetson chakanga chiri chokuti C. T. Russell aparidze mharidzo yamariro ake; Russell akabvumirana nechikumbiro chacho. “Vanhu vanenge mazana ane gumi namaviri vakapinda mariro acho,” akashuma kudaro Russell, “nokudaro achipa ufakazi hwokuremekedzwa kukuru kwehama yedu.”—“Nharireyomurindi” yechiNgezi, yaNovember 1879.
[Bhokisi/Mufananidzo uri papeji 46]
George Storrs —“Shamwari Nehama”
C. T. Russell akaonga George Storrs, uyo akanga ari mukuru kwaari namakore 56. Russell akanga adzidza zvakawanda kuna Storrs pamusoro pokufa kwomweya. Naizvozvo apo Storrs akarara achirwara zvakakomba mukupera kwa1879, Russell akakarakadza kudhinda mu“Nharireyomurindi” kutaurwa kwomugariro waStorrs. “Hama yedu,” akanyora kudaro Russell, “mupepeti kwenguva refu kwazvo we‘The Bible Examiner’ inozivikanwa navazhinjisa vavaravi vedu; uyewo kuti yakamanikidzwa nechirwere chakakomba kuti igumise pepa rayo.” Mukurangarira kwaRussell, Storrs akanga ane “chikonzero chikuru chokuonga Mwari nokuda kwokuropafadzwa kupedza upenyu hwakareba kwazvo uye uhwo hwakatsaurirwa kwazvo kuna Tenzi.” Storrs akafa pana December 28, 1879, pazera ramakore 83. Chiziviso chorufu rwake chakaoneka muchinyorwa chaFebruary 1880 che“Nharireyomurindi” yechiNgezi, icho chakati: “Tinochema kurasikirwa neshamwari nehama muna Kristu bva, ‘kwete saavo vasina tariro.’”
[Mufananidzo]
George Storrs
[Bhokisi/Mufananidzo uri papeji 48]
“Ndinokusiyirai ‘Herald’”
Muchirimo cha1879, C. T. Russell akabvisa tsigiro yose mumagazini yainzi “Herald of the Morning,” iyo akanga agoverana mukubudisa naN. H. Barbour. Mutsamba kuna Barbour yomusi waMay 3, 1879, Russell akatsanangura chikonzero chake: “Pakamuka musiyano womurangariro pakati pedu pamusoro pedzidziso yeshoko raBaba vedu [pamusoro poukoshi hunotsiva hwechibayiro] uye nepo ndichikurumbidzai nokuda kwouchokwadi hwose nokutendeseka mumirangariro yenyu, iyo ndinotaurira ndimene mumurangariro wakapesana, bva ndinofanira kutungamirirwa nenzwisiso yangu ndimene yeshoko raBaba vedu, uye somugumisiro ndinofunga kuti muri kukanganisa. . . . Mapfundo emisiyano anoratidzika kwandiri kuva makuru kwazvo neanokosha zvokuti ruwadzano rwakazara nokunzwira tsitsi sezvinofanira kuvapo pakati pavabudisi navapepeti vepepa kana kuti magazini, hazvichisipo pakati penyu neni, uye nemhaka yokuti ndizvo zvakwakaita, ndinorangarira kuti ukama hwedu hunofanira kuguma.
Mutsamba yakatevera yomusi waMay 22, 1879, Russell akanyora, kuti: “Zvino ndinokusiyirai ‘Herald.’ Ndinobva chose chose mairi, ndisingakumbiri chinhu kwamuri . . . Ndapota zivisai muNha. inotevera ye‘Herald’ kuparadzana kwacho uye bvisai zita rangu.” Kutanga nechinyorwa chaJune 1879, zita raRussell rakanga risingachaoneki somupepeti anobatsira we“Herald.”
Barbour akapfuurira kubudisa “Herald” kutozosvikira 1903, apo, maererano nezvinyorwa zveraibhurari zvinowanika, yakaguma kubudiswa. Barbour akafa makore mashomanene gare gare, muna 1906.
[Mufananidzo]
Nelson H. Barbour
[Bhokisi riri papeji 54]
Chikonzero Nei Aidanwa Kunzi “Pastor”
Charles Taze Russell ainongedzerwa kwaari navasonganiri vake sa“Pastor” Russell. Neiko? Nemhaka yemibato yake mukufudza boka raMwari. VaEfeso 4:11 inotaura kuti Kristu aizopa kuungano yake vamwe sa“vafundisi” (“KJ”), kana kuti “vafudzi.” Hama Russell zvirokwazvo vakabatira somufudzi womudzimu muungano yechiKristu.
Nemhaka yebasa roufundisi iro iye akanga achiita pasi poMufudzi Mukuru, Jesu Kristu, ungano dzakati dzakabvuma kupfurikidza nokuvhota kuti iye akanga ari mufundisi wavo. Rakanga risati riri zita rechiratidzo rokuzvitorera. Boka rokutanga kumuvhotera kuva mufundisi wavo yakanga iri ungano yaiva muPittsburgh, Pennsylvania, muna 1882. Pashure pacho, iye akavhoterwa kuva mufundisi (“pastor”) nedzimwe ungano 500, muUnited States neBritain.
Shure panguva iyoyo, wakanga uri muitiro kuti ungano dzivhotere gore rimwe nerimwe avo vaizotungamirira pakati pavo. Nhasi, vakuru vechiKristu pakati peZvapupu zvaJehovha havasarudzwi neungano dzomunzvimbomo asi vanogadzwa noMutumbi Unodzora weZvapupu zvaJehovha. Ngwariro inoshandiswawo kusashandisa kutaura kwakadai sokuti “mufundisi” (“pastor”) kana kuti “mukuru” samazita okuremekedza.
[Mufananidzo uri papeji 56, 57]
“Photo-Drama of Creation”
“Photo-Drama of Creation” yaibatanidza kuratidzwa kwamasiraidhi, kwakabatanidzwa nenzwi. Uku kuratidzwa kunoshamisa kwakabvisa vateereri panguva yechisiko kusvikira kumugumo weMakore Ane Chiuru.
Zvinenge zvikamu 20 zvaiva namativi mana zvakagadzirwa, kuchikuita kuti kubvirire rutivi rwe“Photo-Drama” kuratidzwa mumaguta 80 akasiyana-siyana zuva rimwe nerimwe. Yakanga iri denho chaiyoiyo kuita rangano 80 idzodzo. Rudungwe rwechitima rwakanga rusati rwakakodzera nguva dzose. Ungano dzaisagona kurenda nguva dzose nzvimbo dzokuratidzira pamisi yaishuviwa. Bva, pakasvika kupera kwa1914, “Photo-Drama” yakanga yaratidzirwa kuvateereri vane hwerengedzo inopfuura 9 000 000 muNorth America, Europe, uye Australia.
[Mifananidzo]
“Chimiro chebhuku” che“Photo-Drama” chine hurukuro nemienzaniso yakawanda
Horo dzaishandiswa nguva yakazara nokuda kwokuratidzwa kwe“Photo-Drama”
Chicago
New York
Purojekita yefirimu
Purojekita yamasiraidhi
Marekodhi egiramufomu
Masiraidhi e“Photo-Drama”
Forodha rokuzivisa
[Bhokisi riri papeji 60]
“Chenjererai 1914!”
Apo Hondo yeNyika I yakatanga muna 1914, “The World,” pepanhau guru panguva iyoyo muNew York City, yakati muchikamu chayo chamagazini: “Kutanga kunotyisa kwehondo muEurope kwazadzika uporofita hwechienzi. . . . ‘Chenjererai 1914!’ kwave kuri kudanidzira kwamazana avaparidzi veevhangeri vanofambira, avo, vachimirira ichi chitendero chechienzi [vakabatanidzwa naRussell], vakakwira vachidzika munyika vachizivisa dzidziso yokuti ‘Umambo hwaMwari hwava pedyo.’”—“The World Magazine,” August 30, 1914.
[Mufananidzo uri papeji 42]
Charles Taze Russell
[Mufananidzo uri papeji 43]
Joseph L. Russell, baba vaCharles, vakanga vari mutezo weboka refundo yeBhaibheri reAllegheny nomusonganiri wapedyo womwanakomana wavo mumibato yeWatch Tower Society kutozosvikira rufu rwavo muna 1897
[Mifananidzo iri papeji 50]
Vadzidzi veBhaibheri vakaparadzira makumi amamiriyoni amakopi amaturakiti ayo akaratidzira chikanganiso chorudzidziso, akatsanangura zvokwadi dzapaMagwaro, uye akazivisa gore rinokosha ra1914
[Mufananidzo uri papeji 52]
C. T. Russell akanyora mavhoriyamu matanhatu e“Millenial Dawn” (1886 kusvikira kuna 1904) pamwe chete namaturakiti, mabhukwana, uye nyaya dze“Nharireyomurindi” munhambo yamakore anenge 37
[Mufananidzo uri papeji 53]
Apo ivo vaipa hurukuro dzavose, Hama Russell vakanga vasingashandisi zvinonyorwa zvipi nezvipi uye ivo vaifamba nguva dzose—vachijangarika namaoko avo uye vachifamba-famba pachikuva
[Mifananidzo iri papeji 58]
Kwakafungidzirwa kuti gore rimwe, kupfurikidza namapepanhau ane 2 000, mharidzo dzaC. T. Russell dzakanga dzichisvika varavi vane 15 000 000