VaKaraite Nokutsvaka Kwavo Zvokwadi

“SANONZVERA mu[Magwaro] uye usavimba nomurangariro wangu.” Mashoko iwayo akataurwa nomumwe mutungamiriri wavaKaraite womuzana ramakore rechisere C.E. Ndivanaani vaiva vaKaraite? Tinogona kudzidza chipi nechipi choukoshi mumuenzaniso wavo here? Kuti tipindure mibvunzo iyi, tinofanira kudzokera shure munhau kusvikira kugakava renguva refu iro rakatungamirira kusangano ravaKaraite.

Gakava Racho Rakavamba Sei?

Mumazana amakore okupedzisira Nguva yaVose isati yasvika, uzivi hutsva hwakatanga mukati mechiJudha. Waiva mufungo wokuti Mwari akapa Mitemo miviri paGomo reSinai, mumwe wakanyorwa uye mumwe wakataurwa.a Pakasvika zana ramakore rokutanga C.E., kwakanga kwava nerwisano huru pakati paavo vakagamuchira dzidziso itsva iyi naavo vakairamba. VaFarise ndivo vakanga vari vatsigiri vacho, nepo vaSadhuse navaEssene vakanga vari pakati pavashori.

Ari pakati peiri gakava raipfuurira, Jesu weNazareta akaoneka saMesiya akapikirwa. (Dhanieri 9:24, 25; Mateo 2:1-6, 22, 23) Jesu akatarisana namapoka iwayo ose airwisana avaJudha. Mukurangarira navo, akashurikidza kuita kuti shoko raMwari risashande nemhaka yegamuchidzanwa ravo. (Mateo 15:3-9) Jesu akadzidzisawo zvokwadi dzomudzimu nomutoo waibvirira Mesiya bedzi. (Johane 7:45, 46) Uyezve, vateveri vechokwadi vaJesu voga vakapa ufakazi hwetsigiro youmwari. Vakazivikanwa savaKristu.—Mabasa 11:26.

Apo tembere yeJerusarema yakaparadzwa muna 70 C.E., vaFarise vaiva sekete yorudzidziso bedzi yakapukunyuka yakabatana. Zvino chisina uprista, zvibayiro, uye tembere, chiJudha chechiFarise chaigona kutanga zvinotsiva zvose izvozvi, chichibvumira gamuchidzanwa nedudziro kutsiva Mutemo wakanyorwa. Ikoku kwakagovera mukana wokuti “mabhuku anoyera” matsva anyorwe. Kutanga kwakauya Mishnah, newedzero dzayo uye dudziro dzomutemo wavo wakataurwa. Gare gare, mimwe miunganidzwa yamanyoro yakawedzerwa uye yakadanwa kunzi Talmud. Panguva imwe cheteyo, vaKristu vakaramba kutenda vakavamba kupunza dzidziso dzaJesu. Mapoka ose ari maviri akaburitsa masangano orudzidziso akasimba—chiremera chavanarabhi pano rutivi rumwe uye chiremera chechechi pano rumwe.

Nemhaka yerwisano dzechiJudha neRoma yechihedheni uye gare gare neRoma yechi“Kristu”, nzvimbo inokosha yechiJudha pakupedzisira yakaenda kuBhabhironi. Kwakanga kuri ikoko uko manyoro eTalmud akagadzirwa muchimiro chawo chakakwana zvikurusa. Kunyange zvazvo vanarabhi vaitaura kuti Talmud yaiwadzanyura kuda kwaMwari zvakakwana zvikuru, vaJudha vakawanda vakanzwa kurema kunowedzera kwechiremera chavanarabhi uye vakapanga shoko raMwari rakapiwa kwavari kupfurikidza naMosesi navaporofita.

Muhafu yokupedzisira yezana ramakore rechisere C.E., vaJudha vaiva muBhabhironi vaishora chiremera nechitendero zvavanarabhi mumutemo wavo wakataurwa vakagamuchira mutungamiriri akadzidza ainzi Anan ben David. Akazivisa kodzero yomuJudha mumwe nomumwe kufundo isina kuganhurirwa yaMagwaro echiHebheru samanyuko bedzi orudzidziso rwechokwadi, pasina kurangarirwa kwedudziro yavanarabhi kana kuti yeTalmud. Anan akadzidzisa, kuti: “Sanonzvera muTorah [mutemo wakanyorwa waMwari] uye usavimba nomurangariro wangu.” Nemhaka yesimbiso iyi paRugwaro, vateveri vaAnan vakazivikanwa seQa·ra·ʼimʹ, zita rechiHebheru rinoreva kuti “varavi.”

VaKaraite naVanarabhi Vanobonderana

Ndeipi iri mimwe mienzaniso yedzidziso dzavaKaraite dzakaparira nyongano mumapoka avanarabhi? Vanarabhi vairambidza kudya nyama nomukaka pamwe chete. Vakapa ikoku sekutsanangurwa kwomutemo wakataurwa waEksodho 23:19, iyo inoti: “Usabika mbudzana mumukaka wamai vayo.” Pano rumwe rutivi, vaKaraite vakadzidzisa kuti ndima iyi yaireva chaizvo izvo yaitaura—sezvayaitaura chaizvoizvo. Vakataura kuti ganhuriro dzavanarabhi dzakanga dzakaitwa nomunhu.

Maererano nekududzira kwavo Dheuteronomio 6:8, 9, vanarabhi vaidavira kuti varume vechiJudha vaifanira kunyengetera vakapfeka tefirini, kana kuti mafirakitera, uye kuti mezuzah yaifanira kuiswa pagwatidziro rimwe nerimwe.b VaKaraite vairangarira ndima idzi sedzaiva nerevo yokuenzanisira neyokufananidzira bedzi uye naizvozvo vakaramba mirau yavanarabhi yakadaro.

Mudzimwe nhau vaKaraite vaiganhurira zvakanyanya zvikuru kupfuura vanarabhi. Somuenzaniso, rangarira murangariro wavo waEksodho 35:3, iyo inorava, kuti: “Regai kuvesa mwoto padzimba dzenyu dzose nezuva resabata.” VaKaraite vairambidza kusiya rambi kana kuti mwenje uchibvira kunyange kana wakanga wabatidzwa Sabata isati yasvika.

Zvikurukuru pashure porufu rwaAnan, vatungamiriri veKaraite vaisawirirana kazhinji kazhinji pamusoro pemwero uye rudzi rweganhuriro dzakati, uye shoko ravo raisava rakajeka nguva dzose. VaKaraite vaishaiwa chinzwano nemhaka yokuti vakanga vasingazivi mutungamiriri mumwe upi noupi asi vakasimbisa kurava kwomunhu oga uye kududzirwa kwaMagwaro, izvo zvaipesana nomuitiro wechiremera chavanarabhi. Pasinei zvapo naikoku, zvisinei, sangano ravaKaraite rakakura mumukurumbira uye pesvedzero kupfuura zvikuru nzanga yeBhabhironi yechiJudha uye rakapararira muMiddle East yose. Nzvimbo huru yavaKaraite yakatovambwa kunyange muJerusarema.

Mukati mezana ramakore rechipfumbamwe uye rechigumi C.E., vadzidzi vavaKaraite vakakunda mufundo yakamutsidzirwa yomutauro wechiHebheru uye vakava neyakadokuva nhambo inofadza zvikuru. Vakarangarira Magwaro akanyorwa echiHebheru, kwete magamuchidzanwa akataurwa, kuva matsvene. Vamwe vaKaraite vakava vanyori vanongwarira vaMagwaro echiHebheru. Kutaura idi, yakanga iri denho yavaKaraite yakanyandura fundo yeMasorete yaMagwaro pakati pavaJudha vose, kuchivimbisa rugwaro rweBhaibheri rwakachengetwa rwakarurama zvikuru nhasi.

Mukati menhambo iyi yokukura kwokukurumidza, chiJudha chechiKaraite chakabatikana mubasa roufundisi rapachena pakati pavamwe vaJudha. Ikoku kwakapa tyisidziro yakajeka kuchiJudha chavanarabhi.

Vanarabhi Vakaita Sei?

Kudenhawo kwavanarabhi kwakanga kuri hondo yakasimba yamashoko, pamwe nokuchinjika kwamanomano uye kuchinja kudzidzisa. Mukati mezana ramakore rakatevera kudenha kwaAnan, chiJudha chavanarabhi chakagamuchira nhamba yakati kuti yemiitiro yavaKaraite. Vanarabhi vakava nyanzvi zvikuru mukunokora Magwaro, vachibatanidza muitiro nomutoo zvavaKaraite mukutaura kwavo.

Mutungamiriri aisapokanidzwa wouku kurwisana namashoko navaKaraite akanga ari Saʽadia ben Joseph, uyo akava mukuru wenzanga yechiJudha muBhabhironi muhafu yokutanga yezana ramakore rechigumi C.E. Bhuku guru raSaʽadia, The Book of Beliefs and Opinions, rakashandurirwa muchiNgezi naSamuel Rosenblatt, uyo akati musumo yaro: “Kunyange zvazvo . . . akanga ari nyanzvi muzuva rake paTalmud, [Saʽadia] anoshandisa zvishomanene zvikuru manyuko aya egamuchidzanwa rechiJudha, sezviri pachena nemhaka yokuti chakanga chiri chishuvo chake kukunda vaKaraite nezvombo zvavo vamene avo vaigamuchira bedzi Mutemo Wakanyorwa sewaishanda.”

Chichitevera mumakwara aSaʽadia, chiJudha chavanarabhi pakupedzisira chakawana simba rakakura zvikuru. Chakaita ikoku kupfurikidza nokuchinja zvakakwana chaizvo kuti chitore simba guru kubva munharo dzavaKaraite. Chiito chokupedzisira chakaitwa naMoses Maimonides, mudzidzi weTalmud akakurumbira womuzana ramakore rechi 12. Kupfurikidza nechimiro chake chendangariro chokushivirira kuvaKaraite avo akagara navo muEgipita, pamwe chete nomuitiro wake wounyanzvi unopwisa, akawana kuyemura kwavo uye akanetesa nzvimbo youtungamiriri hwavo vamene.

Sangano ravaKaraite Rinorasikirwa Nesimba

Zvino ravakushaya chinzwano uye risina chinodzivisa chakasanorongwa, sangano ravaKaraite rakarasikirwa nezvose zviri zviviri simba navateveri. Nokufamba kwenguva, vaKaraite vakanatsa mirangariro yavo uye nheyo. Leon Nemoy, munyori pamusoro pesangano ravaKaraite, anonyora, kuti: “Nepo Talmud yakaramba iri yakarambidzwa sezvinorondedzerwa, mashoko mazhinji etalmud akabatanidzwa chinyararire mumuitiro wavaKaraite womutemo uye tsika.” Chaizvoizvo, vaKaraite vakarasikirwa nechinangwa chavo chapakuvamba uye vakagamuchira uzhinji hwechiJudha chavanarabhi.

Kuchine vaKaraite vanenge 25 000 muIsrael. Vamwe vashomanene vanogona kuwanwa mudzimwe nzanga, zvikurukuru muRussia neUnited States. Vachiva namagamuchidzanwa akataurwa avo vamene, zvisinei, vanosiyana navaKaraite vokutanga.

Tinogona kudzidzei munhau yavaKaraite? Kuti chikanganiso chakakomba ku‘ita kuti shoko raMwari risashande nemhaka yegamuchidzanwa.’ (Mateo 15:6) Kusunungurwa mumagamuchidzanwa anorema avanhu kunoda zivo yakarurama yaMagwaro. (Johane 8:31, 32; 2 Timotio 3:16, 17) Hungu, avo vanotsvaka kuziva uye kuita kuda kwaMwari havavimbi namagamuchidzanwa avanhu. Panzvimbo pezvo, vanonzvera Bhaibheri nokushingaira ndokushandisa murairidzo unobetsera weShoko raMwari rakafuridzirwa.

[Mashoko Omuzasi]

[Mufananidzo uri papeji 30]

Boka ravaKaraite

[Kwazvakatorwa]

Kubva mubhuku rinonzi The Jewish Encyclopedia, 1910