Chii Chinoitika Kumweya Pakufa?
“Dzidziso yokuti mweya womunhu haufi uye uchapfuurira kuvapo pashure pokufa kwomunhu nokuora kwemuviri wake ndeimwe yedzidziso huru yeuzivi hwechiKristu nedzidziso.”—“NEW CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA.”
BHUKU renongedzero ranokorwa mashoko pamusoro apa, zvisinei, rinobvuma kuti “pfungwa yemweya unopukunyuka pashure porufu hainzwisisiki nyore nyore muBhaibheri.” Zvino, Bhaibheri rinodzidzisa chii chaizvoizvo pamusoro pechinoitika kumweya pakufa?
Vakafa Havana Chavanoziva
2 Chimiro chevakafa chinojekeswa pana Muparidzi 9:5, 10, apo tinorava kuti: “Vakafa hapana chavanoziva . . . Hakuna basa, hapana zano, hapana zivo, kana kuti ungwaru, mukati meguva.” (Moffatt) Rufu, naizvozvo, chimiro chokusavapo. Wezvemapisarema akanyora kuti apo munhu anofa, ano“dzokera pasi pake; nezuva iro mano ake anopera.”—Pisarema 146:4.
3 Naizvozvo vakafa havana chavanoziva, havashandi. Paakanga achizivisa mutongo kuna Adhama, Mwari akati: “Zvauri guruva, uchadzokerazve kuguruva.” (Genesi 3:19) Mwari asati amuumba neguruva revhu ndokumupa upenyu, Adhama akanga asiko. Apo akafa, Adhama akadzokera kuchimiro ichocho. Chirango chake rwaiva rufu—kwete kutamisirwa kune imwe nzvimbo.
Mweya Unogona Kufa
4 Apo Adhama akafa, chii chakaitika kumweya wake? Eya, yeuka kuti muBhaibheri shoko rokuti “mweya” kazhinji kazhinji rinongonongedzera kumunhu. Naizvozvo apo tinoti Adhama akafa, tiri kutaura kuti mweya unonzi Adhama wakafa. Izvi zvinganzwika sezvechienzi kumunhu anodavira kusafa kwemweya. Zvisinei, Bhaibheri rinoti: “Mweya unotadza uchafa.” (Ezekieri 18:4) Revhitiko 21:1 inotaura nezve“[mweya, NW] wakafa” (“chitunha,” Jerusalem Bible). Uye vaNaziri vakaudzwa kuti vasaswedera pedyo ne“mweya wakafa upi noupi” (“muviri wakafa,” Lamsa).—Numeri 6:6, NW.
5 Nongedzero yakafanana kumweya inowanwa pana 1 Madzimambo 19:4. Eria akanga achirwadziwa zvikuru “akakumbira kuti [mweya wake, NW] ufe.” Nenzira yakafanana, Jona “akakumbira kuti [mweya wake, NW] ufe, akati: Zviri nani kuti ndife pakuti ndirarame.” (Jona 4:8) Uye Jesu akashandisa chikamu chemashoko chokuti “kuuraya mweya,” ayo The Bible in Basic English rinoshandura kuti “kuuraya.” (Marko 3:4) Naizvozvo kufa kwomweya kunongoreva kufa kwomunhu.
“Kubuda” no‘Kudzoka’
6 Asi zvakadini norufu runorwadza rwaRakeri, rwakaitika sezvaaisununguka mwanakomana wake wechipiri? Pana Genesi 35:18, tinorava kuti: “Zvino mweya wake wakati uchibuda (nokuti wakafa), akamutumidza Bhenoni; asi baba vake vakamutumidza Bhenjamini.” Chikamu ichi chinoreva kuti Rakeri akanga ane munhu womukati akabuda paakafa here? Nyangwe napaduku pose. Yeuka, shoko rokuti “mweya” rinogonawo kunongedzera kuupenyu uhwo munhu anahwo. Naizvozvo muchinoitika chino “mweya” waRakeri waingoreva “upenyu” hwake. Ndicho chikonzero nei mamwe maBhaibheri achishandura zvikamu zvemashoko zvokuti “mweya wakati uchibuda” sa“upenyu hwake hwakanga hwava kuderera” (Knox), “akafema kekupedzisira” (Jerusalem Bible), uye “upenyu hwake hwakabuda maari” (Bible in Basic English). Hapana chinoratidza kuti rumwe rutivi rwakavanzika rwaRakeri rwakapukunyuka rufu rwake.
7 Zvakafanana norumuko rwemwanakomana wechirikadzi, rwakanyorwa muna 1 Madzimambo ganhuro 17. Mundima 22, tinorava kuti Eria sezvaainyengeterera mukomana muduku, “Jehovha akanzwa inzwi raEria, mweya womwana ukadzokerazve kwaari.” Pano zvakare, shoko rokuti “mweya” rinoreva “upenyu.” Nokudaro, New American Standard Bible inorava kuti: “Upenyu hwemwana hwakadzokera kwaari uye akararamazve.” Hongu, hwakanga huri upenyu, kwete chimwe chinhu chakaita somumvuri, chakadzokera kumukomana. Izvi zvinowirirana nezvakataurirwa mai vemukomana wacho naEria kuti: “Tarira, mwana wako [munhu wose akadaro] mupenyu.”—1 Madzimambo 17:23.
Nhamo Ye“chimiro Chepakati Nepakati”
8 Vanozviti vaKristu vazhinji vanodavira kuti kuchava norumuko rwomunguva yemberi panguva apo mitumbi ichabatanidzwa nemweya isingafi. Ipapo, vanenge vamutswa vachaiswa kwavakatongerwa—zvimwe mubayiro nokuda kwevakararama upenyu hwakanaka kana kuti matsive nokuda kwevakaipa.
9 Murangariro uyu unonzwika souri nyore. Asi avo vanoomerera kukudavira kusafa kwemweya vane chinetso chokutsanangura chinoitika kumweya pakati penguva yorufu nenguva yorumuko. Zvirokwazvo, “chimiro chepakati nepakati” ichi, sezvachinowanzodanwa, chakaparira kufungidzira kwemazana amakore. Vamwe vanoti mukati menhambo iyi mweya unoenda kupurigatori, uko unogona kucheneswa pazvivi zvinogona kukanganwirwa kuitira kuti ukodzere nokuda kwedenga.a
10 Zvisinei, sezvataona, mweya unongova munhu wacho. Apo munhu wacho anofa, mweya unofa. Nokudaro, hapana kuvapo uchiziva pashure porufu. Zvirokwazvo, apo Razaro akafa, Jesu Kristu haana kuti akanga ari mupurigatori, Limbo, kana kuti chimwe “chimiro chepakati nepakati” chipi nechipi. Panzvimbo pezvo, Jesu akangoti: “Razaro avata.” (Johane 11:11, New English Bible) Nenzira yakajeka, Jesu, uyo akanga achiziva chokwadi pamusoro pechinoitika kumweya pakufa, aidavira kuti Razaro akanga asina chaanoziva, asipo.
Mudzimu Chii?
11 Bhaibheri rinotaura kuti apo munhu anofa, “[mudzimu, NW] wake unobuda, anodzokera kuvhu kwake.” (Pisarema 146:4) Izvi zvinoreva here kuti mudzimu usina muviri unobuda chaizvoizvo ndokupfuurira kurarama pashure pokufa kwomunhu? Hazvingagoni kudaro, nokuti wezvemapisarema anotevera kuti: “Nezuva iro mifungo yake inoparara” (“kufunga kwake kwose kunoguma,” NEB). Mudzimu chii zvino, uye uno‘buda’ sei mumunhu panguva yorufu rwake?
12 MuBhaibheri mashoko anoshandurwa kuti “mudzimu” (chiHebheru, ruʹach; chiGiriki, pneuʹma) zvikurukuru anoreva “chifemo.” Nokudaro, panzvimbo pokuti “mudzimu wake unobuda,” shanduro yaR. A. Knox inoshandisa chikamu chemashoko chokuti “chifemo chinosiya muviri wake.” (Pisarema 145:4, Knox) Asi shoko rokuti “mudzimu” rinoreva zvakawanda zvikuru zvinopfuura chiito chokufema. Somuenzaniso, mukurondedzera kuparadzwa kweupenyu hwevanhu nemhuka panguva yeBoporodzi repasi pose, Genesi 7:22 inoti: “Zvinhu zvose, zvakanga zvine [chifemo chesimba, NW] [kana kuti, mudzimu, chiHebheru, ruʹach] roupenyu mumhino dzazvo, zvose zvakanga zviri pakaoma pasi zvikafa.” Naizvozvo “mudzimu” unogona kunongedzera kusimba roupenyu rinoshanda muzvisikwa zvipenyu zvose, zvose zviri zviviri vanhu nemhuka, uye iro rinotsigirwa nokufema.
13 Kuenzanisira: Magetsi anopa simba mudziyo. Kana magetsi akamira, mudziyo wacho unomira kushanda. Magetsi haaiti upenyu hwawo pachawo. Nenzira yakafanana, apo munhu anofa, mudzimu wake unomira kuraramisa masero omuviri wake. Haubudi mumuviri ndokuenda kune imwe nzvimbo.—Pisarema 104:29.
14 Zvino, nei Muparidzi 12:7 ichitaura kuti apo munhu anofa, “[mudzimu, NW] usati wadzokera kuna Mwari wakaupa”? Izvi zvinoreva here kuti mudzimu wacho unofamba chaizvoizvo nomuchadenga kuenda kuna Mwari chaiko? Hapana chinhu chakadaro chinorehwa. Yeuka, mudzimu isimba roupenyu. Kana simba roupenyu iroro rangoenda, Mwari bedzi ndiye anokwanisa kuridzosa. Naizvozvo mudzimu “unodzokera kuna Mwari” mupfungwa yokuti tariro ipi neipi youpenyu munguva yemberi nokuda kwomunhu iyeye zvino inotsamira chose chose pana Mwari.
15 Mwari bedzi ndiye anogona kudzorera mudzimu wacho, kana kuti simba roupenyu, achiparira munhu kudzokera kuupenyu. (Pisarema 104:30) Asi Mwari ari kuronga kuita kudaro here?
[Mashoko Omuzasi]
a Maererano neNew Catholic Encyclopedia, “vanaPapa ve[Chechi] kazhinji kazhinji vakajeka mukusimbisa kwavo kuvapo kwepurigatori.” Bva, bhuku renongedzero iri rinobvumawo kuti “dzidziso yeKaturike papurigatori yakavakirwa pagamuchidzanwa, kwete Rugwaro Runoyera.”
[Mibvunzo Yechidzidzo]
1. New Catholic Encyclopedia inobvumei pamusoro pokuti mweya unopukunyuka rufu?
2, 3. Vakafa vari muchimiro chipi, uye magwaro api anoratidza izvi?
4, 5. Ipa mienzaniso inobva muBhaibheri inoratidza kuti mweya unogona kufa.
6. Bhaibheri rinorevei apo rinoti mweya waRakeri wakanga “uchibuda”?
7. Munzirai umo mweya wemwanakomana wechirikadzi akamutswa “wakadzokerazve kwaari”?
8. Chii icho vakawanda vanozviti vaKristu vanodavira kuti chichaitika mukati merumuko?
9. Chii chinorehwa nokutaurwa kwokuti “chimiro chepakati nepakati,” uye vamwe vanoti chii chinoitika kumweya mukati menhambo iyi?
10. Nei zvisiri zvaMagwaro kudavira kuti mweya inodzungaira mupurigatori pashure porufu, uye zvakaitika kuna Razaro zvinosimbisa sei izvi?
11. Nei shoko rokuti “mudzimu” risingagoni kunongedzera kuti rutivi rwomunhu rusina muviri runopukunyuka rufu?
12. Chii chinorehwa nemashoko echiHebheru nechiGiriki anoshandurwa kuti “mudzimu” muBhaibheri?
13. Munzirai umo mudzimu ungafananidzwa nemagetsi?
14, 15. Mudzimu unodzokera sei kuna Mwari pakufa?
[Bhokisi riri papeji 23]
Zvinoyeukwa Zvoupenyu hwakapfuura
KANA pasina chinhu chinopukunyuka rufu rwomuviri, zvino zvakadini nezvinoyeukwa zvoupenyu hwomunguva yakapfuura izvo vamwe vanoti vanazvo?
Nyanzvi yechiHindu Nikhilananda anotaura kuti ‘zvinoitika pashure pokufa hazvigoni kuratidzirwa nokufunga.’ Muhurukuro inoti “Mienzaniso Yokudavira Kusaguma muMarudzidziso,” mufundisi Hans Küng anojekesa kuti: “Hapana neimwe yenhoroondo dzacho—zvikurukuru dzinobva kuvana kana kuti kunyika uko kune rudaviro rwekuberekwazve—dzendangariro youpenyu hwakapfuura ingagona kubvumikiswa.” Anowedzera kuti: “Vazhinjisa ve[vanzveri vari kushanda zvakakomba uye nenzira yesayenzi] vanobvuma kuti zvakaitika zvinosimbiswa navo hazvigoveri hwaro hweufakazi hunopwisa chaizvoizvo hwokudzokororwa kwoupenyu hwapasi.”
Zvakadini kana uchifunga kuti une zvinoyeukwa zvomunhu oga zvoupenyu hwomunguva yakapfuura? Mirangariro yakadaro ingagona kuparirwa nezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana. Akawanda emashoko atinogamuchira anochengeterwa kune imwe nzvimbo yakavanda yendangariro yedu yatisingazivi nemhaka yokuti hatisi kuashandisa zvakananga kana kuti nokukurumidza. Apo zvinoyeukwa zvakakanganikwa zvinobuda, vamwe vanhu vanodudzira izvozvi soufakazi hweupenyu hwakapfuura. Kunyange zvakadaro, idi nderokuti hatina zvakaitika zvinogona kubvumikiswa zveupenyu kunze kwehuno hwatiri kurarama zvino. Vanhu vazhinjisa vapenyu pasi pano havayeuki nyangwe napaduku pose kuti vakamborarama kare; uyewo havafungi kuti vangave vakararama upenyu hwakapfuura.