Murangariro weBhaibheri

Kupemberera Madyo Omufaro Kwakarurama Here Kana Kuti Hakuna Kururama?

“HAUMBOGONI kukudzivisa,” anodaro Michael. “Nziyo dzacho dzinoita kuti usimuke pachigaro chako, dzinotambisa gumbo rako, dzinotenderedza musoro wako—watapurwa namadyo omufaro!” Zvirokwazvo, gore rimwe nerimwe madyo omufaro anowedzera mufaro kumamiriyoni kupote nyika, asi hakuna uko kutapurwa kwacho kwakasimba somunyika umo Michael anogara, Brazil. Mukati mevhiki yeAsh Wednesday isati yasvika, vagari vomuBrazil vanopfeka zvipfeko zvakaisvonaka zvikuru, vanokanganwa musengwa nezvokuita, uye vanovhiringidza dzikamo yenyika yose kubvira kumasango eAmazon kusvikira kumhenderekedzo dzeRio de Janeiro. Inguva yokuimba, yokutamba samba yechiBrazil, uye nokukanganwa.

“Ndicho chimwe chikonzero nei akakurumbira kwazvo,” anotsanangura kudaro Michael, uyo akanga ari mupembereri anoshingaira wemadyo omufaro kwamakore. “Madyo omufaro anopa vanhu mukana wokukanganwa nhamo yavo.” Uye zvikurukuru nokuda kwamamiriyoni avarombo—varikurarama vasina mvura yakakwana, vasina magetsi, vasina basa, uye vasina tariro—kune zvakawanda kwazvo zvokukanganwa. Kwavari, madyo omufaro akaita seaspirin: haigoni kupedza chinetso asi inonyaradza marwadzo. Wedzera kuna iyoyi chimiro mumurangariro wamadyo omufaro une vamwe vevafundisi veRoma Katurike; mumwe bhishopi akataura kuti madyo omufaro ano“betsera zvikuru nokuda kwedzikamo yendangariro dzavanhu.” Naizvozvo kuri nyore kuona chikonzero nei vazhinji vachirangarira madyo omufaro sevaraidzo inobetsera inotenderwa. Chii, kunyange zvakadaro, chiri murangariro weBhaibheri wekupemberera madyo omufaro?

Kufara Kana Kuti Kutamba Kwakaipa Here?

Shoko raMwari rinotaura kuti kune “nguva yokuseka . . . nenguva yokupembera.” (Muparidzi 3:4) Sezvo shoko rechiHebheru nokuda kwa“seka” ringashandurwawo kuti “pembera,” kuri pachena kuti kana toreva nezveMusiki wedu, hapana chakaipa nokuva nenguva inofadza, yakanaka. (Ona 1 Samueri 18:6, 7.) Kutaura idi, Shoko raMwari rinotiudza kuva vanofara nokudekara. (Muparidzi 3:22; 9:7) Naizvozvo Bhaibheri rinotendera kufara kwakafanira.

Bhaibheri, zvisinei, haritenderi marudzi ose okufara. Muapostora Pauro anotaura kuti kutamba kwakaipa, kana kuti kufara kwoupengo, ndokwe“mabasa enyama” uye kuti vatambi vakaipa “havangadyi nhaka youshe hwaMwari.” (VaGaratia 5:19-21) Pauro akarayira vaKristu, naizvozvo, ku“famb[a] nokutamba kwakaipa.” (VaRoma 13:13) Naizvozvo mubvunzo ndouyu, Muboka ripi iro madyo omufaro ari—kufara kusina mhaka here kana kuti kutamba kwakaipa? Kuti tipindure, kutanga ngatitsanangureizve icho Bhaibheri rinorangarira sekutamba kwakaipa.

Mashoko okuti “kutamba kwakaipa,” kana kuti koʹmos muchiGiriki, anowanika katatu muMagwaro echiGiriki echiKristu uye nguva dzose mupfungwa isina kunaka. (VaRoma 13:13; VaGaratia 5:21; 1 Petro 4:3) Uye hakushamisi nemhaka yokuti koʹmos (kana kuti, koʹmoi, muuzhinji) anobva mukupemberera kune mukurumbira wakaipa kwaisanozivikanwa kuvaKristu vapakuvamba vaitaura chiGiriki. Kupi kwacho?

Wezvenhau Will Durant anotsanangura, kuti: “Boka ravanhu vakatakura phalli inoyera [chiratidzo chemutezo wokubereka nawo wechirume], uye vachiimbira madetembo [nziyo] Dionysus . . . dzakavakirwa, mumashoko echiGiriki, komos, kana kuti kutamba kwakaipa.” Dionysus, mwari wewaini mungano dzechiGiriki, dzakazogamuchirwa gare gare navaRoma, avo vakamupa rimwe zita Bacchus. Bva batano yakoʹmos yakapukunyuka kuchinja kwezita. Nyanzvi yeBhaibheri Dr. James Macknight inonyora, kuti: ‘shoko rokuti koʹmois rinobva muna Comus, mwari wemadyo nowekutamba kwakaipa. Uku kutamba kwakaipa kwakaitwa mukukudza Bacchus, uyo nokuda kwechikonzero ichocho akatumidzwa kuti Comastes.’ Hungu, kupembererwa kwaDionysus naBacchus kwaiva kubatanidzwa kumene kwokutamba kwakaipa. Ndaapi akanga ari mativi eaya madyo?

Kutamba Kwakaipa Kunoratidzirwa

Mukati memitambo yechiGiriki yokuremekedza Dionysus, maererano naDurant, mapoka avapembereri “ainwa asingazvidzori, uye . . . aimurangarira sefuza risingadi kurega kuziva kwaro. Vaifora vari mumudungwe woupengo, . . . uye sezvavainwa nokutamba vaiva namanyemwe umo vaisazvidzora.” Mupfungwa yakafanana, mitambo yechiRoma yokukudza Bacchus (inonzi Bacchanalia) yaitanhamarisa kunwa uye nziyo dzakaipa nenziyo dzamarimba uye zvaiva zviono zve“miitiro inozvidzisa zvikuru,” anonyora kudaro Macknight. Nokudaro mapoka anoupengo, kunyanyonwisa, kutamba kworuchiva nenziyo, uye utere hwevatano zvakaumba zvinhu zvikuru zvekutamba kwakaipa kwechiRoma nekwechiGiriki.

Ko madyo omufaro anhasi ane izvi zvinhu zvinoparira kutamba kwakaipa here? Rangarira mashoko mashomanene akanokorwa kubva kumishumo yenhau pamusoro pekupemberera madyo omufaro: “Mapoka ane ruzha zvikuru kwazvo.” “Kunwa kwokufara kwamazuva mana nokuva nepati husiku hwose.” “Bhabharasi ramadyo omufaro rinogona kugara mazuva anoverengeka nokuda kwavamwe vatambi vakaipa.” “Mheremhere inodokuuraya nzeve uri pedyo inoita kuti mapoka e‘heavy metal’” . . . aratidzire kuva akanyarara kupfurikidza nokuenzanisa.” “Nhasi, kupemberera madyo omufaro api naapi pasina ngochani kwakaita senyama yabikwa isina mhiripiri.” “Madyo omufaro azova akafanana nokuva mushutu kwakakwana.” Kutamba madyo omufaro kwakaratidzira “zviono zvebonhora . . . uye zvimiro zvevatano zvakasiyana-siyana.”

Zvirokwazvo, fanano dziri pakati pemadyo omufaro anhasi namadyo omufaro aye ekare dzinoshamisa kwazvo zvokuti mutambi wakaipa waBacchus angakodzera kudai achimuka pakati pemadyo omutambo omuzuva razvino uno. Uye ikoko hakufaniri kutishamisa, anotsinhira kudaro mumwe mushamarari weBrazil Cláudio Petraglia, nokuti iye anotaura kuti madyo omufaro anhasi “anovamba mumadyo aDionysus naBacchus uye iwayo, chaizvoizvo, rudzi rwamadyo omufaro.” The New Encyclopædia Britannica inotaura kuti madyo omufaro angabatanidzwa nemabiko eSaturnalia echihedheni eRoma yakare. Naizvozvo madyo omufaro, nepo ari enguva dzakasiyana-siyana, ndeemuboka rimwe chetero savatsivi vawo. Nderipi riri zita reboka racho? Kutamba kwakaipa.

Zivo iyoyi inofanira kuva netapuroi pavaKristu? Seyakanga ina vaKristu vapakuvamba vaigara mumaruwa aiva nepesvedzero yechiGiriki muAsia Minor. Vasati vava vaKristu vaisibatanidzwa “muzviito zvomufambiro wokusazvibata, zvokuchochora, zvokunyanyonwisa waini, kutamba kwakaipa [koʹmois], namabira, nokunamata zvifananidzo zvisina kufanira.” (1 Petro 1:1; 4:3, 4, NW) Zvisinei, pashure pokuziva kuti Mwari anorangarira kutamba kwakaipa sa“mabasa erima” umo vaKristu vasingafaniri kufamba, vakarega kutora rutivi mukupemberera kwakafanana nemadyo omufaro.—VaRoma 13:12-14.

Michael, adudzwa kare, akadaro. Iye anotsanangura chikonzero nei: “Sezvo zivo yangu yeBhaibheri yakakura, ndakawana kuti kupemberera madyo omufaro nenheyo dzeBhaibheri zvakaita semvura namafuta, hazvimbosangani.” Muna 1979, Michael akasarudza. Akarega kupemberera madyo omufaro zvachose. Chisarudzoi chauchaita?

[Mufananidzo uri papeji 28]

Amphora yechiGiriki pamberi pechiKristu inoratidzira Dionysus (Mufananikiso uri kuruboshwe)

[Kwazvakatorwa]

Courtesy of The British Museum