Bhuku reBhaibheri Nhamba 42—Ruka

Munyori: Ruka

Nzvimbo Yakanyorerwa: Kesaria

Kunyora Kwakapedzwa: Munenge muna 56–58 C.E.

Nguva Yakafukidzwa: 3 B.C.E.–33 C.E.

 1. Ruka akanyora rudzii rweEvhangeri?

EVHANGERI yaRuka yakanyorwa nomurume ane ndangariro yakapinza nomwoyo une mutsa, uye uyu mubatanidzwa wakaisvonaka wamavara, nenhungamiro yomudzimu waMwari, wakaguma nenhoroondo iri zvose zviri zviviri yakarurama neyakazara noushamwari netsitsi. Mundima dzokutanga, iye anoti, “Neniwo, ndakati ndanatsofeya zvose kubva pakutanga, ndakati zvakanaka kuti ndikunyorereiwo nokutevedzanisa.” Nhoroondo yake ine udzame, yakarurama inopupurira zvizere uku kutaura.—Ruka 1:3.

 2, 3. Ufakazii hwokunze nehwomukati hunonongedzera kuna chiremba Ruka somunyori weiyi Evhangeri?

² Kunyange zvazvo Ruka pasina paanodudzwa munhoroondo yacho, zviremera zvakare zvakabvumirana kuti akanga ari munyori wacho. Evhangeri yacho inonzi yakanyorwa naRuka muMuratorian Fragment (munenge muna 170 C.E.) uye yakagamuchirwa navanyori vomuzana ramakore rechipiri vakadai saIrenaeus naClement veAlexandria. Ufakazi hwomukati hunonongedzerawo zvakasimba kuna Ruka. Pauro anotaura nezvake pana VaKorose 4:14 (NW), sa“Ruka chiremba anodiwa,” uye bhuku rake nderenhevedzano younyanzvi iyo munhu aizokarira kumurume akasanodzidza, akadai sachiremba. Kusarudza kwake kwakaisvonaka mutauro namashoko ake akawanda, akawanda zvikuru kupfuura ayo avamwe vanyori vatatu veEvhangeri abatanidzwa, zvinobvirisa kubatwa kwokungwarira zvikurusa nokunobatanidza zvakawanda kwenhau yake inokosha. Nhoroondo yake yomwanakomana anopambadza inorangarirwa navamwe senhau pfupi yakanakisisa yati yambonyorwa.

³ Ruka anoshandisa mashoko ezvokurapa anopfuura 300 kana kuti manzwi ayo anopa revo yezvokurapa kwaari asingashandiswi nenzira imwe cheteyo (kana achitongoshandiswa) navamwe vanyori vaMagwaro echiKristu echiGiriki.a Somuenzaniso, pakutaura nezvemaperembudzi, Ruka haashandisi nguva dzose shoko rimwe chetero savamwe. Kwavari maperembudzi maperembudzi, asi kuna chiremba, kune matanho akasiyana-siyana amaperembudzi, seapo Ruka anotaura nezve“murume wakanga ane maperembudzi pamuviri wose.” Razaro, iye anoti, akanga “ane maronda mazhinji.” Hapana mumwe munyori weEvhangeri anotaura kuti ambuya vaPetro vakanga “vakabatwa nefivhiri zvikuru.” (5:12; 16:20; 4:38) Kunyange zvazvo vamwe vatatu vachitiudza nezvokucheka kwaPetro nzeve yomuranda womuprista mukuru, Ruka bedzi ndiye anodudza kuti Jesu akamuporesa. (22:51) Kuva akafanana nachiremba kutaura nezvomumwe mukadzi kuti akanga ane “mweya wourwere makore ane gumi namasere; wakanga akafunyana, asingatongogoni kusimuka.” Uye ndiani kunze kwa“Ruka chiremba anodiwa” aizodai akanyora muudzame hwakadaro kurapa kwokutanga kwakapiwa kumumwe murume nomuSamaria uyo aka“pombera mavanga ake, akaadira mafuta newaini”?—13:11; 10:34.

 4. Zvimwe, bhuku raRuka rakanyorwa rini, uye mamirirei ezvinhu anotsigira uyu murangariro?

⁴ Ruka akanyora rini Evhangeri yake? Mabasa 1:1 inoratidzira kuti munyori waMabasa (uyo akanga ariwo Ruka) akanga aronga pakuvamba “rugwaro rwokutanga,” Evhangeri. Bhuku raMabasa sezvinobvira zvikurusa rakapedzwa munenge muna 61 C.E. apo Ruka akanga ari muRoma naPauro, uyo akanga achimirira kukwirira kwake kuna Kesari. Naizvozvo nhoroondo yeEvhangeri zvimwe yakanyorwa naRuka ari muKesaria munenge muna 56-58 C.E., pashure pokunge adzoka naPauro vachibva kuFiripi pamugumo werwendo rwechitatu rwoufundisi rwaPauro uye apo Pauro akanga achimirira makore maviri ari mutorongo kuKesaria asati aendeswa kuRoma nokuda kwokukwirira kwake. Sezvo Ruka akanga ariko muPalestine, mukati menguva ino akanga ari panzvimbo yakanaka kuti a‘ronde zvinhu zvose kubvira pakutanga noururami’ zvine chokuita noupenyu noushumiri zvaJesu. Nokudaro, nhoroondo yaRuka inoratidzika kuva yakatangira Evhangeri yaMarko.

 5. Ruka angave aka‘nzvera noururami’ zviitiko zvoupenyu hwaJesu kubva mumanyukoi?

⁵ Ruka akanga asiri, chokwadika, chapupu chakaona chezviitiko zvose zvaanonyora muEvhangeri yake, achiva asiri mumwe we12 uye zvimwe asiri kunyange mutendi kutozosvikira pashure porufu rwaJesu. Zvisinei, akanga akasanobatanidzwa zvikuru naPauro muufundisi. (2 Tim. 4:11; Fir. 24) Naizvozvo, sezvingakarirwa, kunyora kwake kunoratidza ufakazi hwepesvedzero yaPauro, sezvinogona kuonekwa nokuenzanisa nhoroondo dzavo mbiri dzeChirairo chaShe, pana Ruka 22:19, 20 na1 VaKorinte 11:23-25. Samamwe manyuko amashoko, Ruka aigona kuve akanongedzera kuEvhangeri yaMateo. Muku‘ronda zvinhu zvose noururami,’ iye aizokwanisa kubvunzurudza somunhu oga zvapupu zvakawanda zvakaona zvezviitiko zvoupenyu hwaJesu, zvakadai savadzidzi vakanga vari vapenyu uye sezvinobvira amai vaJesu, Maria. Tinogona kuva nechokwadi chokuti iye hapana paakasiya mukuunganidza udzame hwakavimbika.

 6. Ndizvakawanda sei zveEvhangeri yaRuka zvakanyorwa naiye oga, uye akanyorera ani? Neiko uchipindura saizvozvo?

⁶ Kunova pachena pakunzvera nhoroondo ina dzeEvhangeri kuti vanyori havangodzokorori zvavo nhoroondo dzomumwe nomumwe, uyewo havangonyori bedzi kuti vagovere zvapupu zvinoverengeka zveichi chinyorwa chinokosha zvikurusa cheBhaibheri. Nhoroondo yaRuka yakazvimirira zvikurusa mukubata kwayo. Yose zvayo, 59 muzana yeEvhangeri yake yakanyorwa naiye oga. Iye anonyora zvishamiso chaizvo zvinenge zvitanhatu uye kanopfuura nekaviri nhamba iyoyo yemienzaniso isingadudzwi mudzimwe nhoroondo dzeEvhangeri, achipa chikamu chimwe chezvitatu cheEvhangeri yake kunhoroondo uye zvikamu zviviri zvezvitatu kushoko rakataurwa; Evhangeri yake ndiyo yakarebesesa yeina. Mateo akanyora zvikurukuru nokuda kwavaJudha, uye Marko nokuda kwavaravi vaisava vechiJudha, zvikurukuru vaRoma. Evhangeri yaRuka yakanyorerwa “Teofiro, [a]kakurumbira” uye kupfurikidza naye kuvamwe vanhu, vose vari vaviri vaJudha nevaisava vaJudha. (Ruka 1:3, 4) Mukuita kuti nhoroondo yake ifadze vose, anoronda mutsara wedzinza waJesu achidzoka shure kusvikira kuna “Adhama, mwanakomana waMwari,” uye kwete kuna Abrahama chete, sezvinoita Mateo mukunyora zvikurukuru nokuda kwavaJudha. Anonyora zvikurukuru mashoko ouporofita aSimeoni okuti Jesu aizova mutoo wo“kuvhenekera [nawo] vahedheni,” uye anotaura kuti “nyama yose ichaona ruponeso rwaMwari.”—3:38; 2:29-32; 3:6.

 7. Chii chinopupurira zvakasimba uchokwadi hweEvhangeri yaRuka?

⁷ Mukunyora kwake kwose, Ruka anobvumikisa kuva murondedzeri akatanhamara, nhoroondo dzake dzichiva dzakasanorongwa nedzakarurama. Aya mavara oururami nokuvimbika mumanyoro aRuka chibvumikiso chakasimba chouchokwadi hwawo. Rimwe gweta rakamboti: “Nepo nhau, ngano uye chipupuriro chenhema zvichingwarira kuisa zviitiko zvinorondedzerwa munzvimbo iri kure nenguva isingazivikanwi, kupfurikidza naizvozvo zvichiputsa mitemo yokutanga iyo isu magweta tinodzidza yokukumbira kwakanaka, kuti ‘ziviso yacho inofanira kupa nguva nenzvimbo,’ nhoroondo dzeBhaibheri dzinotipa musi nenzvimbo yezvinhu zvinorondedzerwa noururami hukurusa.”b Mukubvumikisa akadudza Ruka 3:1, 2: “Negore regumi namashanu rokubata kwaTibherio Kesari, Pontio Pirato ari mubati weJudhea, Herodhe ari mubati weGarirea, Firipo munun’una wake, ari mubati weIturea neTrakoniti, Risanio ari mubati weAbhirene, Anasi naKayafasi vari vaprista vakuru, shoko raMwari rakauya kuna Johane, mwanakomana waZakaria, murenje.” Pano hapana kusava nechokwadi pamusoro penguva kana kuti nzvimbo, asi Ruka anodudza vakuru vakuru vehurumende vasiri pasi pevanomwe kuti tigogona kuwana nguva yokuvamba kwoushumiri hwaJohane nouhwo hwaJesu.

 8. Ruka anoratidzira sei nguva yokuberekwa kwaJesu “noururami” (NW)?

⁸ Ruka anotipawo zviratidzo zviviri zvokuwana nazvo nguva yokuberekwa kwaJesu apo anoti, pana Ruka 2:1, 2: “Zvino namazuva iwayo chirevo chakaitwa naKesari Augusto, kuti nyika yose inyorwe mazita. Uku ndokwaiva kunyorwa kwokutanga, kwakaitwa Kuriniosi ari mubati weSiria.” Apa pakanga pari apo Josefa naMaria vakakwira Bhetrehema kuti vandonyoreswa, uye Jesu akaberekwa apo vakanga variko.c Hapana zvatinogona kuita kunze kwokubvumirana nomutsinhiri uyo anoti: “Ndokumwe kwokuedzwa kunonzvera zvikurusa kwepfungwa yenhau yaRuka yaanokwanisa nayo nguva dzose kuwana ururami hwakakwana.”d Tinofanira kubvuma sokunoshanda kutaura kwaRuka kuti aka“natsofeya zvose kubva pakutanga.”

 9. Uporofitai hwaJesu, hwakanyorwa naRuka, hwakava nezadziko inoshamisa muna 70 C.E.?

⁹ Ruka anoonesawo kuti uporofita hwaMagwaro echiHebheru hwakazadzikwa nenzira yakarurama sei muna Jesu Kristu. Iye anonokora mashoko chipupuriro chakafuridzirwa chaJesu pamusoro paikoku. (24:27, 44) Uyezve, iye anonyora nenzira yakarurama uporofita hwaJesu amene pamusoro pezviitiko zvomunguva yemberi, uye hwakawanda hwaihwohwu hwakatova nezadziko dzinoshamisa muudzame hwahwo hwose hwakafanotaurwa. Somuenzaniso, Jerusarema rakapoteredzwa nokukombwa namatanda ane miromo yakapinza uye rakaparara mukuparadza kunotyisa muna 70 C.E., kungofanana nokufanotaura kwakaita Jesu. (Ruka 19:43, 44; 21:20-24; Mat. 24:2) Wezvenhau wokunyika Flavius Josephus, uyo akanga ari chapupu chakaona chaiva nehondo yeRoma, anopupurira kuti mumaruwa makatemwa miti kusvikira kudaro ramakiromita anenge 16 kuti igovere matanda, kuti rusvingo rwokukomba rwakanga rwakareba makiromita 7,2, kuti vakadzi vakawanda navana vakafa nenzara, uye kuti vaJudha vanopfuura 1 000 000 vakarasikirwa noupenyu hwavo uye 97 000 vakatapwa. Kusvikira kuzuva rino, Arch of Titus muRoma inoratidzira kufora kworukundo kweRoma nezvakapambwa zvehondo zvakabva mutembere yeJerusarema.e Tinogona kuva nechokwadi chokuti humwe uporofita hwakafuridzirwa hwakanyorwa naRuka huchazadzikwa nenzira yakarurama zvakafanana.

ZVIRI MUBHUKU RARUKA

10. Ruka akatanga kuitei?

¹⁰ Sumo yaRuka (1:1-4). Ruka anonyora kuti iye akaronda zvinhu zvose kubvira pakutanga noururami uye kuti akatsunga kuzvinyora munhevedzano ine mufungo kuti “Teofiro, [a]kakurumbira . . . [agoziva zvizere uchokwadi, NW]” hweizvi zvinhu.—1:3, 4.

11. Zviitikoi zvinofadza zvinorondedzerwa muganhuro rokutanga raRuka?

¹¹ Makore apakuvamba oupenyu hwaJesu (1:5–2:52). Ngirozi inooneka kumuprista akwegura Zakaria namashoko anofadza okuti achava nomwanakomana waanofanira kudana kuti Johane. Asi kutozosvikira mukomana aberekwa, Zakaria haasati achizokwanisa kutaura. Sezvakapikirwa, mudzimai wake, Erisabhete, anova napamuviri, kunyange zvazvo akanga a“chembera”wo. Inenge mwedzi mitanhatu gare gare, ngirozi Gabrieri inooneka kuna Maria uye inomuudza kuti achanamba kupfurikidza ne“simba roWokumusorosoro” ndokubereka mwanakomana uyo achadanwa kunzi Jesu. Maria anoshanyira Erisabhete uye, pashure pekwaziso yokufara, anozivisa nomufaro, kuti: “Mwoyo wangu unokudza Ishe, mweya wangu wakafara naMwari, muponesi wangu.” Iye anotaura nezvezita dzvene raJehovha uye nezvengoni dzake huru kuna avo vanomutya. Pakuberekwa kwaJohane, rurimi rwaZakaria runosunungurwa kuti ruzivisewo ngoni dzaMwari uye kuti Johane achava muporofita uyo achagadzirira nzira yaJehovha.—1:7, 35, 46, 47.

12. Chii chinotaurwa pamusoro pokuberekwa kwaJesu nouduku?

¹² Panguva yakafanira, Jesu anoberekwa paBhetrehema, uye ngirozi inozivisa aya “mashoko omufaro mukuru” kuvafudzi vairinda mapoka avo usiku. Kudzingiswa kunoitwa maererano noMutemo, uye ipapo, apo vabereki vaJesu “va[nomuisa] pamberi paShe” patembere, mukweguru Simeoni nomuporofitakadzi Ana vanotaura pamusoro pomwana. Adzokera muNazareta, iye ‘anopfuurira kukura nokusimba, achizadzwa nouchenjeri, uye fariro yaMwari inopfuurira naye.’ (2:10, 22, 40) Pazera ramakore 12, pashanyo achibva Nazareta achienda kuJerusarema, Jesu anoshamisa vadzidzisi nenzwisiso yake nemhinduro dzake.

13. Johane anoparidzei, uye chii chinoitika pakubhapatidzwa kwaJesu uye nokukurumidza pashure pako?

¹³ Kugadzirira ushumiri (3:1–4:13). Mugore rechi15 rokutonga kwaTibherio Kesari, ziviso yaMwari inouya kuna Johane Mwanakomana waZakaria, uye anoenda achi“paridza rubhapatidzo rwokutendeuka kuzokanganwirwa zvivi,” kuti nyama yose igo“ona ruponeso rwaMwari.” (3:3, 6) Apo vanhu vose vanobhapatidzwa paJoridhani, Jesu anobhapatidzwawo, uye sezvo anonyengetera, mudzimu mutsvene unoburuka paari, uye Baba vake vanotaura kutendera vari kudenga. Jesu Kristu zvino ava nemakore anenge 30 ezera. (Ruka anogovera mutsara wake wedzinza.) Pashure porubhapatidzo rwake, mudzimu unotenderedza Jesu murenje kwamazuva 40. Muno Dhiyabhorosi anomuedza asingabudiriri uye ipapo anorega “kusvikira imwe nguva.”—4:13.

14. Ndapapi apo Jesu anojekesa basa rake, nderipi, uye vanzwi vake vanoita sei?

¹⁴ Ushumiri hwaJesu hwapakuvamba, zvikurukuru muGarirea (4:14–9:62). Ari musinagoge retaundi romusha wake reNazareta, Jesu anojekesa basa rake, achirava nokushandisa kwaari amene uporofita hwaIsaya 61:1, 2, hunoti: “Mweya waShe uri pamusoro pangu, nokuti wakandizodza, kuti ndiparidzire varombo Evhangeri; wakandituma kuti ndizivise vakatapwa kusunungurwa kwavo; namapofu kuti vaonezve; ndiregedze vakatsikirirwa; nokuzivisa gore raShe rakanaka.” (4:18, 19) Mufarwa wokutanga wavanhu pamashoko ake unotendeukira kukutsamwa sezvo anopfuuridzira hurukuro yake, uye vanoedza kumuuraya. Naizvozvo anoburukira Kapernaume, uko anoporesa vanhu vakawanda. Mapoka anomutevera uye anoedza kumuchengeta, asi anovaudza, kuti: “Ndinofanira kuparidzira mamwe magutawo Evhangeri yo[umambo, NW] hwaMwari; nokuti ndizvo zvandakatumirwa.” (4:43) Anopfuurira kuparidza mumasinagoge eJudhea.

15. Rondedzera kudanwa kwaPetro, Jakobho, uye Johane, pamwe chete nouko kwaMateo.

¹⁵ MuGarirea, Jesu anogovera Simoni (anonziwo Petro), Jakobho, uye Johane kubatwa kunoshamisa kwehove. Anoudza Simoni, kuti: “Kubva zvino uchabata vanhu.” Naizvozvo vanosiya chinhu chiri chose ndokumutevera. Jesu anopfuurira mumunyengetero nomukudzidzisa, uye ‘simba raJehovha riripo kuti aporese.’ (5:10, 17) Anodana Revhi (Mateo), muteresi anozvidzwa, uyo anokudza Jesu nomutambo mukuru, wakapindwawo na“vazhinjizhinji vavateresi.” (5:29) Ikoku kunoguma nekwokutanga kwechiverengero chakati chokusangana navaFarise uko kunovasiya vashatiriswa uye vachirangana kumukuvadza.

16. (a) Jesu anosarudza vaapostora 12 pashure pechii? (b) Mapfundoi anosimbiswa naRuka mukupa chinyorwa chinowirirana cheMharidzo yapaGomo?

¹⁶ Pashure pousiku hwose hwomunyengetero kuna Mwari, Jesu anosarudza vaapostora 12 kubva pakati pavadzidzi vake. Mamwe mabasa okuporesa anotevera. Ipapo anopa mharidzo yakanyorwa pana Ruka 6:20-49, inowirirana muchimiro chipfupi zvikuru neMharidzo yapaGomo iri pana Mateo maganhuro 5 kusvikira ku7. Jesu anosiyanisa: “Makaropafadzwa imi varombo, nokuti [umambo, NW] hwaMwari ndohwenyu. Asi mune nhamo imi vafumi, nokuti mapiwa kunyaradzwa kwenyu.” (6:20, 24) Anopa zano vanzwi vake kuti vade vavengi vavo, kuva vane ngoni, kupa, uye kubudisa zvakanaka mufuma yakanaka yomwoyo.

17. (a) Jesu anotevera kuita zvishamisoi? (b) Jesu anopindura sei nhume dzaJohane Mubhapatidzi pamusoro pokuti Jesu ndiMesiya here?

¹⁷ Achidzokera kuKapernaume, Jesu anogamuchira chikumbiro kumukuru mukuru wehondo chokurapa muranda anorwara. Iye anonzwa asina kufanirwa nokuva naJesu mumba make uye anokumbira Jesu kuti “taurai henyu shoko” ari paari. Naizvozvo, muranda anoporeswa, uye Jesu anosundwa kutsinhira, kuti: “Ndinoti kwamuri: Handina kumboona kutenda kwakadai, kunyange napakati pavaIsraeri.” (7:7, 9) Kwenguva yokutanga, Jesu anomutsa munhu akafa, mwanakomana bedzi wechirikadzi yeNaini, iyo aka“nzwira tsitsi.” (7:13) Sezvo mashoko pamusoro paJesu anopararira muJudhea mose, Johane Mubhapatidzi anotuma nhume kwaari ari mutorongo kuti dzibvunze kuti, “Ko ndimi iye wakanga achinzi unouya here?” Mumhinduro Jesu anoudza nhume, kuti: “Endai mundoudza Johane zvamakaona nezvamakanzwa; zvokuti, mapofu anoona, vanokamhina vanofamba, vanamaperembudzi vanonatswa, vematsi vanonzwa, vakafa vanomutswa, navarombo vanoparidzirwa Evhangeri. Wakaropafadzwa usingagumbuswi neni.”—7:19, 22, 23.

18. Kuparidzwa kwoUmambo kunopfuurira nemienzanisoi, mabasa, uye mashoko ezano?

¹⁸ Achiperekedzwa nevane 12, Jesu anoenda “nokumaguta nemisha, achiparidza nokureva zveEvhangeri yo[umambo, NW] hwaMwari.” Anopa muenzaniso womudyari, uye anogumisa kurukurirano yacho kupfurikidza nokuti: “Naizvozvo, chenjerai mutoo wamunonzwa nawo; nokuti unazvo, uchapiwa; usina, uchatorerwa naichechowo chaanoti ndinacho.” (8:1, 18) Jesu anopfuurira kuita mabasa anoshamisa nezvishamiso. Anopawo vane 12 chiremera pamusoro pamadhemoni nesimba rokurapa zvirwere uye anovatuma “kuparidza [umambo, NW] hwaMwari nokuporesa.” Zviuru zvishanu zvinodyiswa nenzira inoshamisa. Jesu anoshandurwa chitarisiko pagomo uye zuva rinotevera anoporesa mukomana ane dhemoni uyo vadzidzi vaisagona kurapa. Iye anonyevera avo vanoda kumutevera, kuti: “Mhunguhwe dzine mwena, neshiri dzokudenga dzina matendere, asi Mwanakomana womunhu haana paangatsamidza musoro wake.” Kuti ave akakodzera Umambo hwaMwari, munhu anofanira kuisa ruoko rwake pagejo ndokusatarira shure.—9:2, 58.

19. Jesu anoenzanisira sei kuda muvakidzani kwechokwadi?

¹⁹ Ushumiri hwaJesu hwapashure hwomuJudhea (10:1–13:21). Jesu anotuma vamwe 70 mu“kucheka,” uye vanozadzwa nomufaro pakubudirira kwoushumiri hwavo. Sezvo ari kuparidza, mumwe murume, achida kuzvibvumikisa amene kuva akarurama, anobvunza Jesu, kuti: “Wokwangu ndianiko?” Mumhinduro, Jesu anopa muenzaniso womuSamaria ane rudo. Mumwe murume, akazvambarara parutivi pomugwagwa odokufa nokurohwa namakororo, anofuratirwa nomuprista ari kupfuura uye nomuRevhi. MuSamaria anozvidzwa ndiye anomira, anotarisira nenzira younyoro maronda ake, anomukwidza pachipfuwo chake amene, anomuendesa kuimba yavaenzi, uye anoripa kuti atarisirwe. Hungu, ndiye “wakamuitira ngoni” uyo akazviita amene muvakidzani.—10:2, 29, 37.

20. (a) Jesu anosimbisa pfundoi kuna Marta naMaria? (b) Anoisa simbisoi pamunyengetero?

²⁰ Ari mumba maMarta, Jesu anomutsiura nenzira younyoro nokuda kwokuva anonyanyoitira hanya pamusoro pamabasa ake omumba, uye anorumbidza Maria nokuda kwokusarudza rutivi rwuri nani, kugara pasi ndokuteerera shoko rake. Kuvadzidzi vake iye anodzidzisa munyengetero womuenzaniso uyewo kudikanwa kwokupfuurira mumunyengetero, achiti: “Kumbirai, muchapiwa; tsvakai, muchawana.” Gare gare anodzinga madhemoni uye anozivisa kuva vanofara “vanonzwa shoko raMwari, vachirichengeta.” Ari pazvokudya, anobonderana navaFarise pamusoro poMutemo uye anozivisa nhamo pavari nokuda kwokubvisa “kiyi yokuziva.”—11:9, 28, 52.

21. Jesu anopa nyeveroi pamusoro pokuchochora, uye anokurudzira vadzidzi vake kuitei?

²¹ Sezvo ane zvakare mapoka, mumwe munhu anokurudzira Jesu, kuti: “Udzai munun’una wangu kuti agovane nhaka neni.” Jesu anosvika pamwoyo pechinetso chacho mukupindura, kuti: “Chenjerai, muzvichengete pakuchiva kwose, nokuti upenyu hwomunhu hahuzi pazvinhu zvakawanda zvaanazvo.” Ipapo anopa muenzaniso womurume akafuma uyo akaputsa matura ake kuti avake makuru zvikuru, kuzongofa bedzi usiku ihwohwo humene ndokusiyira vamwe fuma yake. Jesu nokupfupikisa anosimbisa pfundo racho, achiti: “Ndizvo zvakaita munhu unozviunganidzira fuma, asingafumi kuna Mwari.” Pashure pokukurudzira vadzidzi vake kutanga kutsvaka Umambo hwaMwari, Jesu anovaudza, kuti: “Musatya henyu, imi kapoka kaduku, nokuti Baba venyu vanofara nokukupai [umambo, NW].” Kuporesa kwake paSabata mumwe mukadzi uyo ave achirwara kwamakore 18 kunotungamirira kukumwe kubonderana navashori vake, avo vanonyadziswa.—12:13, 15, 21, 32.

22. Jesu anorayiridza pamusoro poUmambo kupfurikidza nemienzanisoi yakananga?

²² Ushumiri hwapashure hwaJesu, zvikurukuru muPerea (13:22–19:27). Jesu anoshandisa mienzaniso yamashoko akajeka mukunongedzera vanzwi vake kuUmambo hwaMwari. Iye anoratidza kuti avo vanotsvaka utanhamari norukudzo vachanyadziswa. Uyo anoita mabiko ngaakoke varombo, avo vasingagoni kuripira; iye achafara ndoku“ripirwa pakumuka kwavakarurama.” Tevere, kune muenzaniso womurume anoita chirairo chakaisvonaka. Mumwe pashure pomumwe vakakokwa vanoita pembedzo: Mumwe akatenga munda, mumwe akatenga mombe, uye mumwe achangobva kuroora mudzimai. Akatsamwa saimba anotuma munhu kuti apinze “varombo, nezvirema, namapofu, navanokamhina,” uye anozivisa kuti hapana vamwe vaavo vakatanga kukokwa vachava nezvakawanda zvakadai soku“ravira” zvokudya zvake. (14:14, 21, 24) Anopa muenzaniso wegwai rakarasika rinowanwa, achiti, “Ndinoti kwamuri, saizvozvo mufaro uchava kudenga pamusoro pomutadzi mumwe unotendeuka, kupfuura pavakarurama vanamakumi mapfumbamwe navapfumbamwe, vasingatsvaki kutendeuka.” (15:7) Muenzaniso womukadzi anotsvaira imba yake kuti awane drakema rimwe unosimbisa pfundo rakafanana.f

23. Chii chinoenzanisirwa munhoroondo yomwanakomana anopambadza?

²³ Jesu ipapo anotaura nezvemwanakomana anopambadza uyo akakumbira baba vake mugove wake mufuma ipapo ndokuipambadza “achifamba nemitoo yakaipa.” Achiwira mukushayiwa kukuru, mwanakomana akapengenuka ndokudzokera kumusha kuti azvikandire amene pangoni dzababa vake. Baba vake, vachisundwa netsitsi, “vakamhanya, ndokumufungatira, ndokumusveta.” Zvipfeko zvakaisvonaka zvakagoverwa, mabiko makuru akagadzirirwa, uye “vakatanga kufara.” Asi mukoma akaramba. Nomutsa baba vake vakamururamisa: “Mwana wangu, iwe uneni nguva dzose, zvose zvangu ndezvako. Kwaifanira kuti tifare nokufarisisa, nokuti munun’una wako uyu wakanga afa, wararama; wakanga arashika, akawanika.”—15:13, 20, 24, 31, 32.

24. Jesu anosimbisa zvokwadii mumuenzaniso womufumi naRazaro pamwe chete newomuFarise nomuteresi?

²⁴ Pakunzwa muenzaniso womutariri asina kururama, vaFarise vanoda mari vanoshora kudzidzisa kwaJesu, asi anovaudza, kuti: “Imi munozviruramisa pamberi pavanhu, asi Mwari unoziva mwoyo yenyu; nokuti izvo zvinokudzwa pakati pavanhu, zvinonyangadza pamberi paMwari.” (16:15) Kupfurikidza nomuenzaniso womufumi naRazaro, iye anoratidza kuti mukaha uri pakati paavo vanofarirwa naavo vasingatenderwi naMwari mukuru sei. Jesu anonyevera vadzidzi kuti kuchava nezvisakiso zvokugumbuka, asi “nhamo kuna iye wazvinouya kupfurikidza naye!” Iye anotaura nezvezvinetso zvichaoneka “apo Mwanakomana womunhu acharatidzwa.” “Yeukai mudzimai waRoti,” iye anovaudza kudaro. (17:1, 30, 32, NW) Kupfurikidza nomuenzaniso, iye anopa vimbiso yokuti Mwari zvirokwazvo achaita chiito nokuda kwaavo vano“danidzira kwaari masikati nousiku.” (18:7) Ipapo, kupfurikidza nomumwe muenzaniso, anotsiura vanozviruramisa: Mumwe muFarise, ari kunyengetera mutembere, anoonga Mwari kuti haana kufanana navamwe vanhu. Mumwe muteresi, akamira kure uye asingadisi kunyange kusimudzira meso ake kudenga, anonyengetera, kuti: “Mwari, ndinzwirei tsitsi, ini mutadzi!” Jesu anoyera sei ikoku? Anozivisa muteresi kuva akarurama zvikuru kupfuura muFarise, “nokuti mumwe nomumwe, unozvikudza, uchaninipiswa, nomumwe nomumwe, unozvininipisa uchakudzwa.” (18:13, 14) Jesu anovaraidzwa paJeriko nomuteresi Zakeo uye anopa muenzaniso wepondo gumi, achisiyanisa mugumisiro wokushandisa nenzira yokutendeka mhindu dzakaronzeswa nouyo wokudzivanza.

25. Jesu anopinda sei panhambo yokupedzisira youshumiri hwake, uye anopa nyeveroi dzouporofita?

²⁵ Ushumiri hwapachena hwokupedzisira mukati nomakapoteredza Jerusarema (19:28–23:25). Sezvo Jesu anotasva achipinda muJerusarema ari pamhuru yembongoro uye anorumbidzwa navadzidzi vazhinji sa“iye unouya muzita raShe,” vaFarise vanomukumbira kuti atsiure vadzidzi vake. Jesu anopindura, kuti: “Kana ava vakanyarara, mabwe angadanidzira.” (19:38, 40) Anopa uporofita husingakanganwiki hwokuparadzwa kweJerusarema, achitaura kuti iro richakombwa nematanda ane miromo yakapinza, richatambudzwa, uye richapunzwa navana varo uye kuti hakuna ibwe richasiyiwa pamusoro perimwe. Jesu anodzidzisa vanhu mutembere, achizivisa mashoko akanaka nokupindura mibvunzo yamanomano yavaprista vakuru, vanyori, uye vaSadhuse kupfurikidza nemienzaniso younyanzvi nezvibvumikiso. Jesu anopa kuratidzirwa kune simba kwechiratidzo chikuru chomugumo, achidudza zvakare kukomberedzwa kweJerusarema nehondo dzakadzika musasa. Vanhu vachapera simba nokutya zvinhu zvinoitika, asi apo zvinhu izvozvi zvinoitika, vateveri vake vanofanira ku‘mira kuti tote ndokusimudza misoro yavo, nemhaka yokuti kununurwa kwavo kuri kuswedera pedyo.’ Vanofanira kuramba vakamuka kuti vabudirire mukupukunyuka zvichaitika.—21:28.

26. (a) Jesu anosuma sunganoi, uye anodzibatanidza nei? (b) Jesu anosimbiswa sei mumuedzo, uye itsiuroi yaanopa panguva yokusungwa kwake?

²⁶ Zvino ava Nisani 14, 33 C.E. Jesu anoita Paseka uye ipapo anosuma “sungano itsva” kuvaapostora vake vakatendeka, achibatanidza ikoku nechokudya chokufananidzira chaanovarayira kuchengeta mukumuyeuka. Anovaudzawo, kuti: “Ndinokugarisai nhaka yo[umambo, NW] saBaba vangu vakandigarisa nhaka.” (22:20, 29) Usiku humwe chetehwo, sezvo Jesu anonyengetera paGomo reMiorivhi, ‘ngirozi yakabva kudenga inooneka kwaari uye inomusimbisa. Asi achipinda mumarwadzo, anopfuurira kunyengetera zvapachokwadi zvikuru; uye ziya rake rinova samadonhwe eropa anowira pasi.’ Mamirire ezvinhu anokomba sezvo Judhasi mutengesi anopinza nyongori kuti isunge Jesu. Vadzidzi vanodanidzira, kuti: “Ishe, totema neminondo here?” Mumwe wavo anocheka nzeve yomuranda womuprista mukuru, asi Jesu anovatsiura ndokuporesa murume akuvadzwa.—22:43, 44, 49.

27. (a) Petro anokundikana papi? (b) Ipomeroi dzinoitirwa Jesu, uye anotongwa ndokupiwa tongero mumamirirei ezvinhu?

²⁷ Jesu anoendeswa nechimbichimbi kuimba yomuprista mukuru kuti abvunzwe, uye mukutonhora kwousiku, Petro anovhengana neboka rakapoteredza mwoto. Panhambo nhatu iye anopomerwa kuva muteveri waJesu, asi anokuramba katatu. Ipapo jongwe rinorira. Ishe anotenderuka ndokutarira Petro, uye Petro, achiyeuka kuti Jesu akanga afanotaura sei chinhu ichochi chimene, anobuda uye anochema zvikuru. Pashure pokukandirwa muhoro yeSanihedrini, Jesu zvino anoendeswa pamberi paPirato uye anopomerwa kutsausa rudzi, achirambidza kuripirwa kwemitero, uye “achizviidza Kristu Mambo.” Achiziva kuti Jesu muGarirea, Pirato anomutumira kuna Herodhe, uyo ari muJerusarema panguva yacho. Herodhe navarindi vake vanoseka Jesu uye vanomudzorera kuti atongwe pamberi pemhomho yakashatirwa. Pirato ‘anovapa Jesu kuti vaite kuda kwavo.’—23:2, 25.

28. (a) Jesu anopikirei kumbavha inoratidza kutenda maari? (b) Ruka anonyorei pamusoro porufu rwaJesu, kuvigwa, uye rumuko?

²⁸ Rufu rwaJesu, rumuko, uye kukwira (23:26–24:53). Jesu anorovererwa pakati pavaiti vezvakaipa vaviri. Mumwe anomushora, asi mumwe wacho anoratidzira kutenda uye anokumbira kuti ayeukwe muUmambo hwaJesu. Jesu anopikira, kuti: “Zvirokwazvo ndinokuudza nhasi, Uchava neni muParadhiso.” (23:43, NW) Ipapo rima rechienzi rinovapo, chifukidziro chenzvimbo tsvene chinobvaruka napakati, uye Jesu anodanidzira, kuti: “Baba, ndinoisa mweya wangu pamaoko enyu!” Pana ikoku anofa, uye mutumbi wake unoburutswa uye unoiswa muhwiro hwakacherwa mudombo. Pazuva rokutanga revhiki, vakadzi avo vakauya naye kubva Garirea vanoenda kuhwiro asi havagoni kuwana mutumbi waJesu. Kungofanana nokufanotaura kwaakaita iye amene, amuka pazuva rechitatu!—23:46.

29. Evhangeri yaRuka inoguma nenhoroondoi inofadza?

²⁹ Achioneka asingazivikanwi kuvaviri vavadzidzi vake vari munzira inoenda kuEmausi, Jesu anotaura nezvokutambura kwake uye anovadudzira Magwaro. Kamwe kamwe vanomuziva, asi anonyangarika. Zvino vanotsinhira, kuti: “Ko mwoyo yedu yakanga isingapisi mukati medu, achitaura nesu munzira, nokutizarurira Magwaro here?” Vanokurumidza kudzoka kuJerusarema kuti vandoudza vamwe vadzidzi. Kunyange apo vari kutaura zvinhu izvozvi, Jesu anooneka pakati pavo. Havagoni kukudavira nokuda kwomufaro mukuru nokushamisika. Ipapo ano‘zarura ndangariro dzavo zvizere kuti vanzwisise’ muMagwaro revo yezvose zvakaitika. Ruka anogumisa nhoroondo yake yeEvhangeri nerondedzero yokukwira kwaJesu kudenga.—24:32, 45.

CHIKONZERO NEI RICHIBETSERA

30, 31. (a) Ruka anovaka sei chivimbo chokuti Magwaro echiHebheru akafuridzirwa naMwari? (b) Mashokoi aJesu ayo Ruka anonokora kuti atsigire ikoku?

³⁰ Mashoko akanaka “[a]kanyorwa naRuka” anovaka chivimbo chomunhu muShoko raMwari uye anosimbisa kutenda kwake kuti agogona kudzivisa kurova kwenyika yechienzi. Ruka anogovera mienzaniso yakawanda yokuzadzikwa kwakarurama kwaMagwaro echiHebheru. Jesu anoratidzwa achijekesa basa rake mumashoko akananga omubhuku raIsaya, uye Ruka anoratidzika kuva anoshandisa ikoku somusoro mubhuku rose. (Ruka 4:17-19; Isa. 61:1, 2) Iyoyi yakanga iri imwe yenhambo dzokunokora mashoko kwaJesu kuVaporofita. Akanokorawo mashoko muMutemo, seapo airamba miedzo mitatu yaDhiyabhorosi, uye muMapisarema, seapo akanga achibvunza vavengi vake kuti, “Vanoreva seiko kuti Kristu ndiye Mwanakomana waDhavhidhi?” Nhauro yaRuka ine kumwe kunokorwa kwamashoko kwakawanda kubva muMagwaro echiHebheru.—Ruka 4:4, 8, 12; 20:41-44; Dheut. 8:3; 6:13, 16; Pis. 110:1.

³¹ Apo Jesu akapinda muJerusarema akatasva mhuru yembongoro sezvakafanotaurwa pana Zekaria 9:9, vazhinji vakamurumbidza nomufaro, vachishandisa kwaari rugwaro rwuri paPisarema 118:26. (Ruka 19:35-38) Muimwe nzvimbo ndima mbiri dzaRuka dzakakwana kufukidza mapfundo matanhatu ayo Magwaro echiHebheru akaporofita pamusoro porufu runozvidzisa rwaJesu norumuko rwake. (Ruka 18:32, 33; Pis. 22:7; Isa. 50:6; 53:5-7; Jona 1:17) Pakupedzisira, pashure porumuko rwake, Jesu akasimbisa nesimba kuvadzidzi ukoshi hwaMagwaro ose echiHebheru. “Akati kwavari: Ndiwo mashoko angu, andakakuudzai ndichiri nemi, kuti zvose zvakanyorwa pamusoro pangu pamurayiro waMosesi, napavaporofita, napaMapisarema, zvinofanira kuitika. Ipapo akadziura kuziva kwavo, kuti vanzwisise Magwaro.” (Ruka 24:44, 45) Kufanana navadzidzi vokutanga ivavo vaJesu Kristu, isuwo tinogona kuvhenekerwa ndokuwana kutenda kwakasimba kupfurikidza nokungwarira kuzadzikwa kwaMagwaro echiHebheru, anotsanangurwa nenzira yakarurama kwazvo naRuka navamwe vanyori vaMagwaro echiKristu echiGiriki.

32. Nhoroondo yaRuka inosimbisa sei Umambo neizvo chimiro chedu chendangariro chinofanira kuva kuUmambo?

³² Munhoroondo yake yose, Ruka nguva dzose anonongedzera muravi wake kuUmambo hwaMwari. Kubvira pamavambo ebhuku racho, apo ngirozi inopikira Maria kuti mwana waachabereka “uchabata imba yaJakobho nokusingaperi, no[umambo, NW] hwake hahungavi nomugumo,” kusvikira kumaganhuro okupedzisira, uko Jesu anotaura nezvokupinza vaapostora musungano yoUmambo, Ruka anosimbisa tariro yoUmambo. (1:33; 22:28, 29) Anoratidza Jesu achitungamirira mukuparidza Umambo uye nokutuma vaapostora 12, uye gare gare vane 70, kuti vaite iri basa rimene. (4:43; 9:1, 2; 10:1, 8, 9) Kuzvipira kwakakwana kunodikanwa nokuda kwokupinda muUmambo kunosimbiswa namashoko aJesu akananga, anoti: “Rega, vakafa ngavavige vakafa vavo; asi iwe, enda undoparidza [umambo, NW] hwaMwari,” uye, “Hakuna munhu ungati kana aisa ruoko rwake pabadza, akacheukira shure, ungafanirwa no[umambo, NW] hwaMwari.”—9:60, 62.

33. Ipa mienzaniso yokusimbisa kwaRuka munyengetero. Chifundoi chatinogona kuwana muna ikoku?

³³ Ruka anosimbisa nhau yomunyengetero. Evhangeri yake yakatanhamara muna ikoku. Inotaura nezvevazhinji vainyengetera apo Zakaria akanga ari mutembere, nezvaJohane Mubhapatidzi achiberekwa mumhinduro kuminyengetero nokuda kwomwana, uye nezvaAna muporofitakadzi ainyengetera usiku namasikati. Inorondedzera kunyengetera kwaJesu panguva yorubhapatidzo rwake, kupedza kwake usiku hwose achinyengetera asati asarudza vane 12, uye kunyengetera kwake mukati mokushanduka chitarisiko. Jesu anopa zano vadzidzi vake kuti va“nyengeter[e] nguva dzose, vasingarashi mwoyo,” achienzanisira ikoku nechirikadzi inoomerera iyo yaikumbira nguva dzose mutongi kutozosvikira airuramisira. Ruka bedzi ndiye anotaura nezvechikumbiro chavadzidzi chokuti Jesu avadzidzise kunyengetera uye nezvokusimbisa Jesu kwengirozi sezvo ainyengetera paGomo reMiorivhi; uye iye oga anonyora mashoko omunyengetero wokupedzisira waJesu: “Baba, ndinoisa mweya wangu pamaoko enyu!” (1:10, 13; 2:37; 3:21; 6:12; 9:28, 29; 18:1-8; 11:1; 22:39-46; 23:46) Somuzuva apo Ruka akanyora Evhangeri yake, saizvozvo nhasi munyengetero igadziriro inokosha yokusimbisa vose vari kuita kuda kwoumwari.

34. Ruka anosimbisa mavarai aJesu semienzaniso yakaisvonaka nokuda kwavaKristu?

³⁴ Nendangariro yake inocherekedza zvikuru nokunyora kwake kwakanaka, kunorondedzera, Ruka anopa ushamwari noupenyu zvinofadza kukudzidzisa kwaJesu. Rudo, mutsa, ngoni, uye tsitsi zvaJesu kuvakaneta, vakadzvinyirirwa, uye vakatsikirirwa zvinooneka mukupesana kukuru norudzidziso rusingafadzi, rwomuitiro, runodzvinyirira, runonyengera rwavanyori navaFarise. (4:18; 18:9) Jesu anopa kurudziro yenguva dzose nebetsero kuvarombo, nhapwa, mapofu, uye vakadzvinyirirwa, nokudaro achigovera mienzaniso yakaisvonaka nokuda kwaavo vanotsvaka ku“sanotevera tsoka dzake.”—1 Pet. 2:21, NW.

35. Neiko tichigona kuva vanoonga zvirokwazvo kuna Jehovha nokuda kwegadziriro yake yeEvhangeri yaRuka?

³⁵ Sezvo Jesu, Mwanakomana waMwari akakwana, anoita zvishamiso, akaratidzira itiro hanya yorudo nokuda kwavadzidzi vake navanhu vose vaiva nomwoyo wakatendeseka, isuwo tinofanira kuvavarira kuita ushumiri hwedu murudo, hungu, “nomwoyo munyoro waMwari wedu.” (Ruka 1:78) Nokuda kwechinangwa ichochi mashoko akanaka “[a]kanyorwa naRuka” anobetsera zvikurusa zvirokwazvo uye anoyamura. Tinogona kuva vanoonga zvirokwazvo Jehovha nokuda kwokufuridzira Ruka, “chiremba anodiwa,” kuti anyore iyi nhoroondo yakarurama, inovaka, uye inokurudzira, ichinongedzera sezvainoita kuruponeso kupfurikidza noUmambo hunodzorwa naJesu Kristu, “ruponeso rwaMwari.”—VaK. 4:14, NW; Ruka 3:6.

[Mashoko Omuzasi]