Kuponeswa Pa“chizvarwa Chakaipa”

“Haiwa chizvarwa chisina kutenda uye chakakombama, ndichafanira kupfuurira nemi uye kukushivirirai kusvikira rini?”—RUKA 9:41, NW.

 1. (a) Chii icho nguva dzedu dzine ngwavaira dzinofananidzira? (b) Magwaro anotii pamusoro pavapukunyuki?

TIRI kurarama munguva dzine ngwavaira. Kudengenyeka kwapasi, mafashamo, nzara, hosha, kusateerera mutemo, kubhomba, hondo dzinotyisa—izvozvi nezvimwe zvakamomotera rudzi rwomunhu mukati mezana redu ramakore rechi20. Zvisinei, ngwavaira hurusa yedzose inotyisidzira munguva yemberi iri pedyo. Ndeipi iyoyo? Iyo “kutambudzika kukuru, kusati kwakambovapo kwakadaro, kubva pakutanga kwenyika kusvikira zvino, uye hakuchazovipo.” (Mateo 24:21) Bva, vakawanda vedu tingatarira kunguva yemberi inofadza! Nemhaka yei? Nemhaka yokuti Shoko raMwari amene rinorondedzera “vazhinji zhinji vasingagoni kuverengwa nomunhu, vakabva kundudzi dzose, namarudzi, navanhu, nendimi . . . Ndivo vanobva kukutambudzika kukuru . . . Havachazoziyi nenzara, havachazofi nenyota . . . Mwari uchapisika misodzi yose kumeso avo.”—Zvakazarurwa 7:1, 9, 10, 14-17.

 2. Ndima dzokutanga dzaMateo 24, Marko 13, uye Ruka 21 dzakava nokuzadzikai kwouporofita kwokutanga?

² Chinyorwa chakafuridzirwa chiri pana Mateo 24:3-22, Marko 13:3-20, uye Ruka 21:7-24 chinosuma rondedzero youporofita yaJesu ye“kuguma kwenyika.”a Uhwu uporofita hwakava nezadziko yokutanga patsika yezvinhu yechiJudha yakashata yezana ramakore rokutanga reNguva yedu Yavose, ichiguma ne“kutambudzika kukuru” kusina kumboitika pavaJudha. Gadziriro yose yorudzidziso neyezvamatongerwe enyika yetsika yechiJudha, yaiva nomusimboti patembere yeJerusarema, yakabviswa, zvokusazotongodzorerwa.

 3. Neiko kuri kwekurumidziro kuti titeerere uporofita hwaJesu nhasi?

³ Zvino ngatirangarirei mamiriro ezvinhu akapoteredza kuzadzika kwokutanga kwouporofita hwaJesu. Ikoku kuchatibetsera zviri nani kunzwisisa kuzadzika kwakafanana nhasi. Kuchatiratidza kuti ndokwekurumidziro sei kuita chiito chakananga zvino kuitira kuti tipukunyuke gurusa ramatambudziko rinotyisidzira rudzi rwose rwomunhu.—VaRoma 10:9-13; 15:4; 1 VaKorinte 10:11; 15:58.

“Kuguma”—Rini?

 4, 5. (a) Neiko vaJudha vaitya Mwari vezana ramakore rokutanga C.E. vakanga vachifarira uporofita hwaDhanieri 9:24-27? (b) Uporofita ihwohwu hwakazadzika sei?

⁴ Munenge mugore ra539 B.C.E., muporofita waMwari Dhanieri akapiwa chiono chezviitiko zvaizoitika mukati me“vhiki” yokupedzisira yenhambo ye“vhiki dzina makumi manomwe” amakore. (Dhanieri 9:24-27) Idzi “vhiki” dzakavamba muna 455 B.C.E. apo Mambo Artashasta wePersia akarayira kuvakwazve kweguta reJerusarema. “Vhiki” yokupedzisira yakavamba nokuonekwa kwaMesiya, Jesu Kristu, pakubhapatidzwa kwake nokuzodzwa muna 29 C.E.b VaJudha vaitya Mwari vezana ramakore rokutanga C.E. vaisanoziva nezveurwu rutivi rwenguva rwouporofita hwaDhanieri. Somuenzaniso, nezvemapoka akauya kuzonzwa kuparidza kwaJohane Mubhapatidzi muna 29 C.E., Ruka 3:15 inoti: “Zvino vanhu vakati vachatarira, vose vachirangarira mumwoyo mavo pamusoro paJohane, kuti zvimwe ndiKristu.”

⁵ “Vhiki” yechi70 yaifanira kuva makore manomwe enyasha chaidzo dzaitambanudzirwa kuvaJudha. Kuvambira muna 29 C.E., dzakabatanidza rubhapatidzo noushumiri zvaJesu, rufu rwake rwechibayiro “pakati pevhiki” muna 33 C.E., uye imwe ‘hafu yevhiki’ kusvikira pana 36 C.E. Mukati meiyi “vhiki,” mukana wokuva vadzidzi vakabhapatidzwa vaJesu wakatambanudzirwa nenzira yakaganhurirwa kuvaJudha vanotya Mwari navapuroserite vechiJudha. Ipapo muna 70 C.E., musi waisazivikanwa pachine nguva mberi, mauto eRoma achitungamirirwa naTito akaparadza tsika yechiJudha.—Dhanieri 9:26, 27.

 6. “Nyangadzi” yakapinda sei muchiito muna 66 C.E., uye vaKristu vakaita sei?

⁶ Nokudaro uprista hwechiJudha, uhwo hwakanga hwashatisa tembere yeJerusarema uye hwarangana mukuurawa kweMwanakomana waMwari amene, hwakaparadzwa. Zvakaparadzwawo, zvakanga zviri zvinyorwa zverudzi nezvedzinza. Mushure macho, hapana muJudha aigona kutaura nenzira yapamutemo kuti nhaka youprista kana kuti youmambo yaiva yake. Nomufaro, zvisinei, vaJudha vomudzimu vakazodzwa vakanga vaparadzaniswa souprista hwoumambo kuti va“paridze kunaka” kwaJehovha Mwari. (1 Petro 2:9) Apo uto reRoma rakakomba Jerusarema kekutanga uye kunyange kuchera nharaunda yetembere muna 66 C.E., vaKristu vakaziva uto iroro se“nyangadzi yokuparadza, yakarehwa nomuporofita Dhanieri, imire panzvimbo tsvene.” Mukuteerera murayiro wouporofita hwaJesu, vaKristu vaiva muJerusarema neJudhea vakatizira kunharaunda dzamakomo nokuda kwedziviriro.—Mateo 24:15, 16; Ruka 21:20, 21.

 7, 8. “Chiratidzo”i icho vaKristu vakacherechedza, asi chii chavaisaziva?

⁷ VaKristu vechiJudha vakatendeka ivavo vakacherechedza kuzadzikwa kwouporofita hwaDhanieri uye vakanga vari zvapupu zvakaona zvehondo dzine ngwavaira, nzara, nhenda, kudengenyeka kwapasi, uye kusateerera mutemo izvo Jesu akanga afanotaura sorutivi rwe“chiratidzo . . . chokuguma kwenyika.” (Mateo 24:3) Asi Jesu akanga avaudza here kuti ndirini apo Jehovha aizoita chaizvoizvo rutongeso patsika iyoyo yakashata? Aiwa. Izvo akaporofita pamusoro pemugumo wekuoneka kwake kwoumambo kwomunguva yemberi zvirokwazvo zvakashandawo ku“kutambudzika kukuru” kwezana ramakore rokutanga: “Asi kana riri zuva iro nenguva iyo, hakuna unozviziva, kunyange vatumwa vokudenga, kunyange Mwanakomana, asi Baba voga.”—Mateo 24:36.

⁸ Kubva muuporofita hwaDhanieri, vaJudha vaigona kuve vakaverenga nguva yokuoneka kwaJesu saMesiya. (Dhanieri 9:25) Bva havana kupiwa musi wo“kutambudzika kukuru” uko pakupedzisira kwakaparadza tsika yezvinhu yechiJudha yakaramba kutenda. Kwakanga kuri bedzi mushure mokuparadzwa kweJerusarema netembere yaro apo vakaziva kuti musi wacho wakanga uri 70 C.E. Zvisinei, vakanga vave vachiziva nezvemashoko aJesu ouporofita anoti: “Chizvarwa ichi hachisati chichizotongopfuura kusvikira zvinhu izvozvi zvose zvaitika.” (Mateo 24:34, NW) Sezviri pachena, kushandiswa kwe“chizvarwa” pano kwakasiyana nouko kuri pana Muparidzi 1:4, uko kunotaura nezvezvizvarwa zvinotevedzana zvinouya nokuenda kwenhambo yakati yenguva.

“Chizvarwa Ichi”—Chii?

 9. Maduramashoko anorondedzera sei shoko rechiGiriki rokuti ge·ne·aʹ?

⁹ Apo vaapostora vana vakanga vakagara naJesu paGomo reMiorivhi vakanzwa uporofita hwake pamusoro pe“kuguma kwenyika,” vaizonzwisisa sei kutaura kwokuti “chizvarwa ichi”? MuEvhangeri shoko rokuti “chizvarwa” rinoshandurwa kubva mushoko rechiGiriki rokuti ge·ne·aʹ, iro maduramashoko azvino uno anorondedzera muaya mashoko: “Chaizvoizvo avo vakabva kumukare mumwe.” (Walter Bauer Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament) “Icho chakaberekwa, mhuri; . . . mitezo inotevedzana yedzinza . . . kana kuti yerudzi rwavanhu . . . kana kuti yavanhu vazhinji zvikuru vose vari kugara panguva imwe cheteyo, Mat. 24:34; Marko 13:30; Ruka 1:48; 21:32; VaF. 2:15, uye zvikurukuru iyo yedzinza rechiJudha inogara panhambo imwe cheteyo.” (Expository Dictionary of New Testament Words raW. E. Vine) “Icho chakaberekwa, vanhu vemanyuko mamwe chetewo, mhuri; . . . vanhu vazhinji zvikuru vose vari kugara panguva imwe cheteyo: Mt. xxiv. 34; Mr. xiii. 30; Lk. i. 48 . . . rinoshandiswa zvikurukuru nezvedzinza rechiJudha riri kurarama panhambo imwe cheteyo.”—Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament raJ. H. Thayer.

10. (a) Irondedzeroi yakafanana iyo zviremera zviviri zvinopa mukunongedzera kuna Mateo 24:34? (b) Rimwe duramashoko rorudzidziso nedzimwe shanduro dzeBhaibheri zvinotsigira sei iyi rondedzero?

¹⁰ Nokudaro vose vari vaviri Vine naThayer vanodudza Mateo 24:34 mukurondedzera “chizvarwa ichi” (he ge·ne·aʹ hauʹte) se“vanhu vazhinji zvikuru vose vari kugara panguva imwe cheteyo.” Theological Dictionary of the New Testament (1964) rinotsigira iyi rondedzero, richiti: “Kushandiswa kwe‘chizvarwa’ kwakaitwa naJesu kunoratidzira chinangwa chake chine udzame: anovavarira pavanhu vose uye anoziva kubatana kwavo muchivi.” Zvirokwazvo “kubatana muchivi” kwakanga kuri pachena murudzi rwechiJudha apo Jesu akanga ari pasi pano, kungofanana nokuratidzira kwakunoita tsika yenyika nhasi.c

11. (a) Chiremerai chinofanira zvikurukuru kutitungamirira mukusarudza nzira yokushandisa nayo he ge·ne·aʹ hauʹte? (b) Chiremera ichi chakashandisa sei shoko racho?

¹¹ Chokwadika, vaKristu vari kufunda iyi nhau vanodzora kufunga kwavo zvikurukuru nenzira iyo vanyori veEvhangeri vakafuridzirwa vakashandisa nayo shoko rechiGiriki rokuti he ge·ne·aʹ hauʹte, kana kuti “chizvarwa ichi,” mukushuma mashoko aJesu. Kutaura kwacho kwakashandiswa nguva dzose nenzira isina kunanga. Nokudaro, Jesu akaidza vatungamiriri vorudzidziso vechiJudha kuti “nyoka, vana venyoka” ndokupfuurira kutaura kuti rutongeso rweGehena rwaizoitwa pa“chizvarwa ichi.” (Mateo 23:33, 36, NW) Zvisinei, urwu rutongeso rwakanga rwakaganhurirwa kuvafundisi vanonyengera bedzi here? Nyangwe napaduku pose. Panhambo dzakati kuti, vadzidzi vaJesu vakamunzwa achitaura nezve“chizvarwa ichi,” achishandisa shoko racho nenzira imwe cheteyo mupfungwa yakafara zvikuru. Iyoyo yakanga iri ipi?

“Chizvarwa Ichi Chakaipa”

12. Sezvo vadzidzi vake vaiteerera, Jesu akabatanidza sei “mapoka” ne“chizvarwa ichi”?

¹² Muna 31 C.E., mukati moushumiri hukuru hweGarirea hwaJesu uye nokukurumidza mushure mePaseka, vadzidzi vake vakamunzwa achiti ku“mapoka”: “Chizvarwa ichi ndichachienzanisa naaniko? Chakafanana navana vaduku vakagara mumisika vanodanidzira kuvatambi biyavo, vachiti, ‘Takakuridzirai nyere, asi hamuna kutamba; takauura, asi hamuna kuzvirova mumene nenhamo.’ Nenzira inowirirana, Johane [Mubhapatidzi] akauya asingadyi kana kuti kunwa, bva vanhu vanoti, ‘Iye ane dhemoni’; Mwanakomana womunhu [Jesu] akauya achidya nokunwa, vanhu vanongoti, ‘Tarirai! Munhu anodyisa naanonwisa waini, shamwari yavateresi navatadzi.’” Kwakanga kusina kufadza “mapoka” asina mipimo iwayo!—Mateo 11:7, 16-19, NW.

13. Aine vadzidzi vake, ndivanaani avo Jesu akazivisa uye kushurikidza se“chizvarwa ichi chakaipa”?

¹³ Gare gare muna 31 C.E., sezvo Jesu navadzidzi vake vakatanga rwendo rwavo rwechipiri rwokuparidzira Garirea, “vamwe vavanyori navaFarise” vakakumbira Jesu chiratidzo. Akavaudza na“mapoka” akanga aripo, kuti: “Chizvarwa chakaipa nechoupombwe chinoramba chichitsvaka chiratidzo, asi hakuna chiratidzo chachichapiwa kunze kwechiratidzo chaJona muporofita. Nokuti sezvo Jona akanga ari mudumbu rehove huru mazuva matatu nousiku hutatu, naizvozvo Mwanakomana womunhu achava mumwoyo wapasi mazuva matatu nousiku hutatu. . . . Ndizvo zvazvichaitawo nechizvarwa ichi chakaipa.” (Mateo 12:38-46, NW) Sezvinooneka, “chizvarwa ichi chakaipa” chaibatanidza vose vari vaviri vatungamiriri vorudzidziso na“mapoka” asina kutongosvika pakunzwisisa chiratidzo chakazadzika murufu norumuko zvaJesu.d

14. Vadzidzi vaJesu vakamunzwa achiita kushurikidzai kwavaSadhuse navaFarise?

¹⁴ Mushure mePaseka ya32 C.E., sezvo Jesu navadzidzi vake vakapinda munharaunda yeGarirea yeMagadan, vaSadhuse navaFarise zvakare vakakumbira Jesu chiratidzo. Akadzokorora kwavari, achiti: “Chizvarwa chakaipa uye choupombwe chinoramba chichitsvaka chiratidzo, asi hapana chiratidzo chachichapiwa kunze kwechiratidzo chaJona.” (Mateo 16:1-4, NW) Vanyengeri vorudzidziso ivavo zvirokwazvo vakanga vari vanopomerwa zvikurusa savatungamiriri pakati pe“mapoka” asina kutendeka ayo Jesu akashurikidza se“chizvarwa ichi chakaipa.”

15. Chinguvana kushanduka chitarisiko kusati kwaitika uye zvakare kuchangoitika, Jesu navadzidzi vake vakava nokusanganai ne‘chizvarwa ichi’?

¹⁵ Pedyo nomugumo woushumiri hwake hweGarirea, Jesu akadana boka racho navadzidzi vake, ndokuti: “Ani naani anonyadziswa neni namashoko angu muchizvarwa ichi choupombwe uye chinotadza, Mwanakomana womunhu achanyadziswawo naye.” (Marko 8:34, 38, NW) Naizvozvo mapoka avaJudha vasingapfidzi venguva iyoyo sezvinooneka vaiumba “chizvarwa ichi choupombwe uye chinotadza.” Mazuva akati gare gare, mushure mokushanduka chitarisiko kwaJesu, Jesu navadzidzi vake “vakasvika paiva neboka,” uye mumwe murume akamukumbira kuti aporese mwanakomana wake. Jesu akatsinhira, kuti: “Haiwa chizvarwa chisina kutenda uye chakakombama, ndichafanira kupfuurira nemi kwenguva yakareba sei? Ndichafanira kukushivirirai kwenguva yakareba sei?”—Mateo 17:14-17, NW; Ruka 9:37-41.

16. (a) Ishurikidzoi ye“mapoka” iyo Jesu akadzokorora muJudhea? (b) “Chizvarwa ichi” chakasvika sei pakuita yakaipisisa yemhosva dzose?

¹⁶ Sezvingabvira makanga muri muJudhea, mushure meMutambo waMatumba muna 32 C.E., “apo mapoka akanga achiungana pamwe chete” pana Jesu, zvokuti akadzokorora kuvashurikidza kwake, achiti: “Chizvarwa ichi chizvarwa chakaipa; chinotsvaka chiratidzo. Asi hapana chiratidzo chachichapiwa kunze kwechiratidzo chaJona.” (Ruka 11:29, NW) Pakupedzisira, apo vatungamiriri vorudzidziso vakaunza Jesu kuti atongwe, Pirato akazvipira kumusunungura. Chinyorwa chacho chinoti: “Vaprista vakuru navakuru vakagombedzera vanhu vazhinji kuti vakumbire Bharabhasi, Jesu aurawe. . . . Pirato akati kwavari: Ndichagoiteiko naJesu, unonzi Kristu? Vose vakati kwaari: Ngaaroverwe pamuchinjikwa. Iye akati: Chakaipa chaakagoita ndecheiko? Vakanyanyisa kudanidzira, vachiti: Ngaaroverwe pamuchinjikwa!” “Chizvarwa chakaipa” ichocho chakanga chichirayira kuti Jesu aurawe!—Mateo 27:20-25.

17. Vamwe ve“chizvarwa ichi chakakombama” vakadavidza sei kukuparidza kwaPetro paPentekosta?

¹⁷ “Chizvarwa chisina kutenda uye chakakombama,” chichisundwa navatungamiriri vacho vorudzidziso, nokudaro chakava norutivi rukuru mukuparira rufu rwaIshe Jesu Kristu. Mazuva makumi mashanu gare gare, paPentekosta muna 33 C.E., vadzidzi vakagamuchira mudzimu mutsvene uye vakatanga kutaura nendimi dzakasiyana-siyana. Pavakanzwa ruzha rwacho, “vanhu vazhinji zvikuru vakaungana pamwe chete,” uye muapostora Petro akavadana se“varume veJudhea nemi mose vagari veJerusarema,” achiti: “Uyu murume [Jesu] . . . wamakarovera padanda kupfurikidza noruoko rwavarume vasina mutemo uye wamakauraya.” Vamwe vavateereri ivavo vakaita sei? “Vakarwadziwa mwoyo.” Petro ipapo akavakumbira kuti vapfidze. A“kapa uchapupu hwakakwana ndokuramba achivakurudzira, achiti: ‘Poneswai pachizvarwa ichi chakakombama.’” Mukudavidza, vanenge zviuru zvitatu “vakagamuchira shoko rake nomwoyo wose [uye] vakabhapatidzwa.”—Mabasa 2:6, 14, 23, 37, 40, 41, NW.

“Chizvarwa Ichi” Chinoziviswa

18. Kushandisa kwaJesu kweshoko rokuti “chizvarwa ichi” kunonongedzera nguva dzose kuchii?

¹⁸ Ndechipi, ipapoka, chiri “chizvarwa” chainongedzerwa kwachiri nguva dzose naJesu ane vadzidzi vake? Chii chavakanzwisisa namashoko ake, okuti: “Chizvarwa ichi hachisati chichizotongopfuura kusvikira zvinhu izvozvi zvose zvaitika”? Zvirokwazvo, Jesu akanga asiri kuchinja kushandiswa kwake kwakagadzwa kweshoko rokuti “chizvarwa ichi,” uko akashandisa kakawanda kuvanhuwo zvavo vairarama panguva imwe cheteyo naye na“vatungamiriri [vavo vari] mapofu” avo pamwe chete vaiumba rudzi rwechiJudha. (Mateo 15:14) “Chizvarwa ichi” chakatambura kurwadziwa kwose kwakafanotaurwa naJesu uye ipapo chakapfuura mu“dambudziko guru” risingaenzaniswi paJerusarema.—Mateo 24:21, 34, NW.

19. “Denga nenyika” zvetsika yechiJudha zvakapfuura rini uye sei?

¹⁹ Muzana ramakore rokutanga, Jehovha akanga achitonga vanhu vechiJudha. Vakapfidza, avo vakasvika pakutenda gadziriro yengoni yaJehovha kupfurikidza naKristu, vakaponeswa pa“dambudziko guru” iroro. Chaizvoizvo seizvo Jesu akanga afanotaura, zvinhu zvose zvakaporofitwa zvakaitika, uye ipapo “denga nenyika” zvetsika yezvinhu yechiJudha—rudzi rwose, navatungamiriri varwo vorudzidziso nenzanga yakaipa yavanhu—zvakapfuura. Jehovha akanga aita rutongeso!—Mateo 24:35; enzanisa na2 Petro 3:7.

20. Inyeveroi yakakodzera nguva inoshanda nekurumidziro kuvaKristu vose?

²⁰ VaJudha avo vakanga vateerera mashoko aJesu ouporofita vakaziva kuti kuponeswa kwavo kwaitsamira, kwete pakuedza kuverenga urefu hwe“chizvarwa” kana kuti hwe“nguva kana misi,” zvaiva nemusi asi pakuramba vakaparadzana nechizvarwa chakaipa chapanguva imwe cheteyo navo uye kuita kuda kwaMwari nokushingaira. Kunyange zvazvo mashoko okupedzisira ouporofita hwaJesu achishanda kukuzadzika kukuru muzuva redu, vaKristu vechiJudha vezana ramakore rokutanga vaifanirawo kuteerera nyevero, inoti: “Asi rindai nenguva dzose, mukumbire, kuti mugone kupukunyuka pazvinhu izvi zvose zvinozoitwa, mugomira pamberi poMwanakomana womunhu.”—Ruka 21:32-36; Mabasa 1:6-8.

21. Ndichinoitikai chakamwe kamwe chatingakarira munguva yemberi iri pedyo?

²¹ Nhasi, “zuva guru raJehovha . . . rava pedyo, rinokurumidza kwazvo.” (Zefania 1:14-18; Isaya 13:9, 13) Nokukurumidza, pa“zuva iro nenguva” zvaJehovha amene izvo akafanogadza, hasha dzake dzichadururirwa pamasangano orudzidziso, ezvematongerwe enyika, uye ezvokutengeserana enyika, pamwe chete navanhu vakatsauka avo vanoumba “chizvarwa chakaipa uye choupombwe” chenguva ino. (Mateo 12:39, NW;Mat. 24:36; Zvakazarurwa 7:1-3, 9, 14) Ungaponeswa sei pa“kutambudzika kukuru”? Nyaya yedu inotevera ichapindura ndokutaura nezvetariro yakaisvonaka nokuda kwenguva yemberi.

[Mashoko Omuzasi]

Waizopindura Sei?

◻ Tinodzidzei mukuzadzika kwaDhanieri 9:24-27?

◻ Maduramashoko azvino uno anorondedzera sei “chizvarwa ichi” sokushandiswa kwakunoitwa muBhaibheri?

◻ Jesu akashandisa sei nguva dzose shoko rokuti “chizvarwa”?

◻ Rugwaro rwaMateo 24:34, 35 rwakazadzika sei muzana ramakore rokutanga?

[Mufananidzo uri papeji 12]

Jesu akaenzanisa “chizvarwa ichi” namapoka avana vakasindimara

[Mufananidzo uri papeji 15]

Jehovha bedzi ndiye aifanoziva awa yokuita rutongeso patsika yechiJudha yakaipa