Bhuku reBhaibheri Nhamba 2—Eksodho

Munyori: Mosesi

Nzvimbo Yakanyorerwa: Renje

Kunyora Kwakapedzwa: 1512 B.C.E.

Nguva Yakafukidzwa: 1657-1512 B.C.E.

 1. (a) Ndaapi ari mapfundo makuru ebhuku raEksodho? (b) Mazitai akapiwa bhuku raEksodho, uye iro kupfuuridzirwa kwenhoroondo ipi?

NHOROONDO dzinonyandura dzezviratidzo namanenji zvinokosha izvo Jehovha akaita mukununura vanhu vezita rake munhamo dzeEgipita, kuronga kwake Israeri sepfuma yake chaiyo so“umambo hwavaprista norudzi rutsvene,” uye mavambo enhau yaIsraeri sorudzi rwoubati ushe hwaMwari—aya ndiwo mapfundo makuru ebhuku reBhaibheri raEksodho. (Eks. 19:6, NW) MuchiHebheru rinonzi Weʼelʹleh shemohthʹ, kureva kuti “Zvino aya ndiwo mazita,” kana kuti kungoti bedzi Shemohthʹ, “Mazita,” mukuwirirana namashoko aro okutanga. Zita romuzuva razvino uno rinobva muSeptuagint yechiGiriki, umo rinonzi Eʹxo·dos, iro rakaitwa rechiLatin kuva Exodus, kureva kuti “Kubuda” kana kuti “Kuenda.” Kuti Eksodho kupfuuridzirwa kwenhoroondo dziri mubhuku raGenesi kunoratidzwa neshoko rokutanga rokuti, “Zvino” (chaizvoizvo, “Uye”), uye nokurongwazve kwamazita avanakomana vaJakobho, seanotorwa muchinyorwa chakazara zvikuru chebhuku raGenesi 46:8-27.

 2. Bhuku raEksodho rinozivisei pamusoro pezita rokuti JEHOVHA?

² Bhuku raEksodho rinozivisa zita rakaisvonaka raMwari, JEHOVHA, mukujeka kwose kwembiri yaro noutsvene. Iye sezvaakapfuurira kuratidzira ukuru hwerevo yezita rake, Mwari akaudza Mosesi kuti, “NDICHAVA IYE WANDICHAVA,” uye akawedzera kuti iye anofanira kuudza Israeri kuti, “NDICHAVA [chiHebheru: אהיה, ʼEh·yehʹ, rinobva muchiito chechiHebheru ha·yahʹ] andituma kwamuri.” Zita rokuti JEHOVHA (יהוה, YHWH) rinobva muchiito chakafanana chechiHebheru ha·wahʹ, “kuva,” uye chaizvoizvo chinoreva kuti “Iye Anosakisa Kuva.” Zvirokwazvo zviito zvikuru nezvinotyisa zvaJehovha izvo iye zvino akapfuurira kuita kuti zviitike nokuda kwavanhu vake, Israeri, zvakakudza uye zvakafukidza zita iroro nembiri inopenya, zvichiriita chirangaridzo “kuchizvarwa pashure pechizvarwa,” zita rinofanira kukudzwa kwenguva isingagumi. Pazvinhu zvose kunobetsera zvikurusa kuti tizive nhau inoshamisa yakapoteredza zita irero uye kuti tinamate Mwari wechokwadi bedzi, Uyo anozivisa kuti, “Ndini Jehovha.”a—Eks. 3:14, 15; 6:6.

 3. (a) Tinoziva sei kuti Mosesi akanga ari munyori webhuku raEksodho? (b) Bhuku raEksodho rakanyorwa rini, uye rinofukidza nhamboi?

³ Mosesi ndiye munyori webhuku raEksodho, sezvinoratidzirwa nokuva kwaro vhoriyamu yechipiri yePentateuch. Bhuku rimene rinoratidzira zviitiko zvitatu zvokuita kwaMosesi chinyorwa chakanyorwa pakurayira kwaJehovha. (17:14; 24:4; 34:27) Mukuwirirana nenyanzvi dzeBhaibheri Westcott naHort, Jesu navanyori vaMagwaro echiGiriki echiKristu vanonokora mashoko kana kuti vanonongedzera kubhuku raEksodho kanopfuura ka100, seapo Jesu akati: “Mosesi haana kukupai Murayiro here?” Bhuku raEksodho rakanyorerwa murenje reSinai, mugore ra1512 B.C.E., gore pashure pokunge vanakomana vaIsraeri vabva Egipita. Rinofukidza nhambo yamakore 145, kubvira parufu rwaJosefa muna 1657 B.C.E. kusvikira kukuvakwa kwetabhenakeri yokunamatwa kwaJehovha muna 1512 B.C.E.—Joh. 7:19; Eks. 1:6; 40:17.

 4, 5. Ufakazii hwokuchera matongo hunotsigira nhoroondo yebhuku raEksodho?

⁴ Kurangarira kuti zviitiko zvebhuku raEksodho zvakaitika anenge makore 3 500 akapfuura, pane chitsama chinoshamisa choufakazi hwokuchera matongo nohumwe hwokunze hunopupurira ururami hwechinyorwa chacho. Mazita avaEgipita anoshandiswa nomutoo wakarurama mubhuku raEksodho, uye mazita okuremekedza anodudzwa anowirirana namanyoro avaEgipita. Kuchera matongo kunoratidza kuti wakanga uri muitiro wavaEgipita kubvumira vokumwe kugara muEgipita asi kuramba vakaparadzana navo. Mvura dzeNairi dzaishandiswa nokuda kwokugeza, uko kunoyeuchidza kuti mwanasikana waFarao aigeza imomo. Zvitinha zvakawanwa zvakaitwa nouswa uye zvisina uswa. Uyewo, murubudiriro rweEgipita vezvamashiripiti vakanga vakatanhamara.—Eks. 8:22; 2:5; 5:6, 7, 18; 7:11.

⁵ Mabwe echirangaridzo anoratidza kuti vanaFarao pachavo vaitungamirira vachairi vavo vengoro muhondo, uye bhuku raEksodho rinoratidzira kuti Farao womuzuva raMosesi aitevera uyu muitiro. Kudukupiswa kwake kunofanira kuve kwakanga kwakakura sei! Asi kunodaro sei kuti zvinyorwa zveEgipita zvakare hazviiti nongedzero kukugara kwavaIsraeri munyika yavo kana kuti kungwavaira yakawira Egipita? Kuchera matongo kwakaratidza kuti wakanga uri muitiro kuti dzinza idzva ravatongi reEgipita ridzime chinhu chipi nechipi chinozvidzisa muzvinyorwa zvekare. Vaisatongonyora rukundo runodukupisa. Nhamo pavamwari veEgipita—vakadai samwari weNairi, mwari wedatya, uye mwari wezuva—dzakazvidzisa ava vamwari venhema ndokuratidza Jehovha kuva mukuru, hadzisati dzaizokodzeraniswa nenhau dzorudzi runodada.—14:7-10; 15:4.b

 6. Misasa yapakuvamba yaIsraeri inowanzoziviswa nenzvimboi?

⁶ Makore 40 aMosesi ebasa somufudzi mukutungamirira kwaJetero akamurovedzanisa nemigariro yokurarama nenzvimbo dzemvura nezvokudya munharaunda yacho, nokudaro kuchimukwanirisa zvakanaka kuti atungamirire Kubuda. Nzira chaiyoiyo yoKubuda haigoni kurondwa nouchokwadi nhasi, sezvo nzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzinodudzwa munhoroondo dzisingagoni kuwanwa chaizvoizvo. Zvisinei, Mara, imwe yenzvimbo yemisasa yapakuvamba muSinai Peninsula, inowanzobatanidzwa neʽEin Hawwara, makiromita 80 kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kwamaodzanyemba kweSuez yazvino uno. Erimi, nzvimbo yomusasa yechipiri, mugamuchidzanwa inobatanidzwa neWadi Gharandel, anenge makiromita 88 kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kwamaodzanyemba kweSuez. Nomutoo unofadza, iyi nzvimbo yazvino uno inozivikanwa senzvimbo ine mvura ine miti nemichindwe, ichiyeuchidza Erimi yeBhaibheri, yakanga ine “matsime emvura ane gumi namaviri, nemichindwe ina makumi manomwe.”c Uchokwadi hwenhoroondo yaMosesi, zvisinei, hahutsamiri patsigiro yenyanzvi dzezvokuchera matongo dzenzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana munzira macho.—15:23, 27.

 7. Ndihumwe ufakazii, kubatanidza kuvakwa kwetabhenakeri, hunosimbisa bhuku raEksodho serakafuridzirwa?

⁷ Nhoroondo yokuvakwa kwetabhenakeri pamapani apamberi peSinai anokodzerana nemigariro yomunzvimbo macho. Imwe nyanzvi yakati: “Muchimiro, chivako, uye zvivakiso, tabhenakeri ndeyomurenje chose chose. Mapango akashandiswa muchivako anowanwa imomo akawanda.”d Mungava muri mune zvamazita, miitiro, rudzidziso, nzvimbo, mugariro wapasi, kana kuti zvivakiso, muunganidzwa woufakazi hwokunze unosimbisa nhoroondo yakafuridzirwa yebhuku raEksodho, zvino yagara anenge makore 3 500.

 8. Bhuku raEksodho rinoratidzwa sei kuva rakabatanidzwa norutivi rwasara rwaMagwaro saakafuridzirwa naanobetsera?

⁸ Vamwe vanyori veBhaibheri vakanongedzera kubhuku raEksodho nguva dzose, vachiratidza revo yake youporofita noukoshi. Anopfuura makore 900 gare gare, Jeremia akanyora nezva“Mwari une simba, Jehovha wehondo, ndiro zita rake,” uyo akapfuurira kubudisa vanhu vake, Israeri, muEgipita “nezviratidzo nezvishamiso nechanza chine simba, noruoko rwakatambanudzwa, uye nokutyisa kukuru.” (Jer. 32:18-21) Anopfuura makore ane 1,500 gare gare, Stefano akavakira uzhinji hwechipupuriro chake chinonyandura icho chakatungamirira kuponderwa kutendeka kwake pamashoko ari mubhuku raEksodho. (Mabasa 7:17-44) Upenyu hwaMosesi hunotidudzirwa somuenzaniso wokutenda pana VaHebheru 11:23-29, uye Pauro anoita dzimwe nongedzero zhinji kubhuku raEksodho mukuratidza mienzaniso nenyevero nokuda kwedu nhasi. (Mabasa 13:17; 1 VaK. 10:1-4, 11, 12; 2 VaK. 3:7-16) Ikoku kwose kunotibetsera kunzwisisa kuti mativi eBhaibheri akabatanidzwa sei norumwe norumwe, chikamu chimwe nechimwe chichigoverana mukuziviswa kwechinangwa chaJehovha munzira inobetsera.

ZVIRI MUBHUKU RAEKSODHO

 9. Mosesi anoberekerwa uye anorererwa mumigariroi?

⁹ Jehovha anotuma Mosesi, achisimbisa Zita Rake amene reChirangaridzo (1:1–4:31). Pashure pokududza mazita avanakomana vaIsraeri vakapinda muEgipita, bhuku raEksodho rinotevera kududza rufu rwaJosefa. Pashure penguva yakati mambo mutsva anomuka paEgipita. Apo anoona kuti vaIsraeri vanoramba “vachiwanda nokusimba zvikuru pamwero wechienzi zvikuru,” anoshandisa mitoo yokudzvinyirira, kubatanidza chibharo, uye anoedza kuderedza chiverengero chavanhurume vaIsraeri kupfurikidza nokurayira kuparadzwa kwavanarume vose vachangobva kuberekwa. (1:7, NW) Mwanakomana anoberekerwa mune iyi migariro nomuIsraeri weimba yaRevhi. Mwana uyu ndowechitatu mumhuri yacho. Apo anova nemwedzi mitatu yokukura, amai vake vanomuvanza muareka yenhokwe pakati petsanga mumhenderekedzo dzoRwizi rweNairi. Anowanwa nomwanasikana waFarao, uyo anoda mukomana uye anomutora. Amai vake amene vanova murerikadzi wake, uye somugumisiro, anokurira mumusha womuIsraeri. Gare gare anounzwa kuimba youmambo yaFarao. Anotumidzwa zita rinonzi Mosesi, kureva kuti “Akanyukurwa [ndiko kuti, akaponeswa mumvura].”—Eks. 2:10, NW; Mabasa 7:17-22.

10. Ndizvinoitikai zvinotungamirira kuva kwaMosesi anotumwa nokuda kwebasa chairo?

¹⁰ Uyu Mosesi anofarira garikano yavaIsraeri biyake. Anouraya muEgipita nokuda kwokubata muIsraeri zvisina kufanira. Somugumisiro, anofanira kutiza, naizvozvo anopinda munyika yeMidhiani. Ikoko anoroora Zipora mwanasikana waJetero, muprista weMidhiani. Pashure penguva yakati Mosesi anova baba vavanakomana vaviri, Gershomi naEriezeri. Ipapo, pazera ramakore 80, pashure pokunge apedza makore 40 murenje, Mosesi anotumwa naJehovha nokuda kwebasa chairo mukutsveneswa kwezita raJehovha. Rimwe zuva achingunofudza makwai aJetero pedyo neHorebhi, “gomo raMwari wechokwadi,” Mosesi anoona gwenzi rinopfuta mwoto asi haritsvi. Apo iye anondofeyafeya, ngirozi yaJehovha inotaura kwaari, iyo inomuudza nezvechinangwa chaMwari chokubudisa vanhu Vake “vanakomana vaIsraeri muEgipita.” (Eks. 3:1, 10, NW) Mosesi achashandiswa sechishandiso chaJehovha mukusunungura Israeri muusungwa hweEgipita.—Mabasa 7:23-35.

11. Jehovha zvino anozivisa zita rake mupfungwai chaiyo?

¹¹ Mosesi ipapo anobvunza kuzivisa kwaanofanira kuita Mwari kuvanakomana vaIsraeri. Ndipo pano, kwenguva yokutanga, apo Jehovha anozivisa revo chaiyoiyo yezita rake, achiribatanidza nechinangwa chake chaicho uye achirisimbisa sechirangaridzo. “Undoti kuvana vaIsraeri NDICHAVA ndiye wakandituma kwamuri . . . Jehovha Mwari wamadzibaba enyu, Mwari waAbrahama, Mwari waIsaka, naMwari waJakobho, wandituma kwamuri.” Zita rake, Jehovha, rinomuzivisa somunhu achasakisa zvinangwa zvake pamusoro pavanhu vezita rake kuti zviitike. Kuna ava vanhu, vazukuru vaAbrahama, achapa nyika yakapikirwa kumadzibaba avo, “nyika inoyerera mukaka nouchi.”—Eks. 3:14, 15, 17, NW.

12. Jehovha anotsanangurei kuna Mosesi pamusoro pokusunungura vaIsraeri, uye vanhu vanogamuchira sei zviratidzo?

¹² Jehovha anotsanangurira Mosesi kuti mambo weEgipita haasati achizorega vaIsraeri kuti vaende vakasununguka asi kuti Iye anotofanira kutanga kurova Egipita namabasa Ake ose anoshamisa. Mukoma waMosesi, Aroni, anopiwa kwaari somutauriri, uye vanogamuchira zviratidzo zvitatu zvokuti vaite kupwisa vaIsraeri kuti ivo vanouya muzita raJehovha. Vachingunoveri kuenda Egipita, mwanakomana waMosesi anofanira kudzingiswa kudzivisa rufu mumhuri, kuyeuchidza Mosesi nezvezvinodikanwa zvaMwari. (Gen. 17:14) Mosesi naAroni vanounganidza varume vakuru vavanakomana vaIsraeri ndokuvazivisa nezvechinangwa chaJehovha chokuvabudisa muEgipita uye kuvaendesa kuNyika Yakapikirwa. Vanoita zviratidzo, uye vanhu vanodavira.

13. Chii chinovapo somugumisiro wokusangana kwokutanga kwaMosesi naFarao?

¹³ Nhamo paEgipita (5:1–10:29). Mosesi naAroni zvino vanopinda kuna Farao ndokuzivisa kuti Jehovha, Mwari waIsraeri, ati: “Tendera vanhu vangu kuenda.” Nenzwi rokumhura, Farao anodada anopindura, kuti: “Jehovha ndiye aniko, kuti nditeerere inzwi rake, kuti nditendere Israeri kuenda? Handimuzivi iye Jehovha, neni handingatenderi vaIsraeri kuenda.” (5:1, 2, NW) Panzvimbo pokusunungura vaIsraeri, iye anoisa mabasa akaoma zvikuru pavari. Zvisinei, Jehovha anomutsidzira zvipikirwa zvake zvokununura, achibatanidzazve ikoku nokutsveneswa kwezita rake: “Ndini Jehovha . . . ini ndichava Mwari wenyu . . . ndini Jehovha.”—6:6-8, NW.

14. VaEgipita vanogombedzerwa sei kuziva “munwe waMwari”?

¹⁴ Chiratidzo chinoita Mosesi pamberi paFarao, kupfurikidza nokuita kuti Aroni akandire pasi tsvimbo yake kuti ive nyoka huru, chinotevedzerwa navaprista vanoshandisa mashiripiti veEgipita. Kunyange zvazvo nyoka dzavo dzichimedzwa nenyoka huru yaAroni, zvisinei mwoyo waFarao unova mukukutu. Jehovha zvino anopfuurira kuunza nhamo huru gumi dzinotevedzana paEgipita. Kutanga, rwizi rwavo Nairi nemvura dzose dzeEgipita dzinova ropa. Ipapo dambudziko ramatatya rinouya pavari. Idzi nhamo mbiri dzinotevedzerwa navaprista vanoshandisa mashiripiti, asi nhamo yechitatu, iya youmhutu pavanhu nemhuka, haisati. Vaprista veEgipita vanofanira kubvuma kuti uyu “munwe waMwari.” Zvisinei, Farao haasati achizoendesa Israeri.—8:19, NW.

15. Inhamoi dzinotambudza vaEgipita bedzi, uye nei Jehovha achibvumidza Farao kupfuurira?

¹⁵ Nhamo nhatu dzokutanga dzinouya pavaEgipita navaIsraeri zvakafanana, asi kubvira pane yechina zvichienda mberi, vaEgipita bedzi vanotambudzwa, Israeri achimira akasiyana mutaviridziro yaJehovha. Nhamo yechina ibute guru renhunzi. Ipapo kunouya denda pazvipfuyo zvose zveEgipita, richiteverwa namamota ane matuzu pamunhu napamhuka, zvokuti kunyange vaprista vanoshandisa mashiripiti havakwanisi kumira pamberi paMosesi. Zvakare Jehovha anoita kuti mwoyo waFarao uve mukukutu, achizivisa kwaari kupfurikidza naMosesi, kuti: “Asi zvirokwazvo ndakakuraramisa nokuda kwaizvozvo, kuti ndikuratidze simba rangu, uye kuti zita rangu rikurumbire kunyika dzose.” (9:16) Ipapo Mosesi anozivisa kuna Farao nhamo inotevera, “chimvuramabwe chakaipa kwazvo,” uye pano Bhaibheri rinoratidza kwenguva yokutanga kuti vamwe pakati pavabatiri vaFarao vanotya shoko raJehovha ndokuita chiito pamusoro paro. Nhamo yechisere neyechipfumbamwe—kuvhozhokera kwemhashu nerima rakasviba kuti ndo-o—inotevera munhevedzano inokurumidza, uye Farao ane mwoyo mukukutu, ashatiriswa anotyisidzira Mosesi norufu kana akaedza kuonazve chiso chake.—9:18.

16. Jehovha anorayirei pamusoro pePaseka noMutambo weZvipapata Zvisina Kuviriswa?

¹⁶ Paseka nokurohwa kwamatangwe (11:1–13:16). Jehovha zvino anozivisa kuti, “Ndichauyisa dambudziko rimwezve pamusoro paFarao napamusoro peEgipita”—rufu rwedangwe. (11:1) Anorayira kuti mwedzi waAbhibhi uve wokutanga wemwedzi nokuda kwaIsraeri. Pazuva rechigumi, ivo vanofanira kutora gwai kana kuti mbudzi—mukono, wegore rimwe, usina kushatiswa—uye pazuva rechi14, vanofanira kuriuraya. Pamadekwana iwayo ivo vanofanira kutora ropa remhuka ndokuripfachaidzira pamagwatidziro maviri napachivivo chokumusoro chomukova, uye ipapo vanofanira kugara vari mukati meimba ndokudya mhuka yakagochwa, pasina nerimwe repfupa rayo rinofanira kuvhunwa. Mumba hamufaniri kuva nembiriso, uye ivo vanofanira kudya nechimbichimbi, vakapfeka uye vakashongedzerwa kufamba. Paseka ichabatira sechirangaridzo, mutambo unoitirwa Jehovha muzvizvarwa zvavo zvose. Inofanira kuteverwa noMutambo weZvipapata Zvisina Kuviriswa wamazuva manomwe. Vanakomana vavo vanofanira kurayiridzwa zvizere murevo yaikoku kwose. (Gare gare, Jehovha anopa mimwe mirayiridzo pamusoro paaya madyo, uye iye anorayira kuti vanhurume vose vari matangwe vokwaIsraeri, vose vari vaviri vanhu nemhuka, vanofanira kutsveneswa kwaari.)

17. Zviitikoi zvinoratidzira uhu sousiku hunofanira kurangarirwa?

¹⁷ Israeri anoita sokurayira kunoita Jehovha. Ipapo ngwavaira inorova! Pakati pousiku Jehovha anouraya matangwe ose eEgipita, nepo achipfuura uye achinunura matangwe aIsraeri. “Ibvai pakati pavanhu vangu,” anodanidzira kudaro Farao. Uye ‘vaEgipita vanovamba kukurudzira vanhu’ kuenda nokukurumidza. (12:31, 33) VaIsraeri havaendi vasina chinhu, nokuti vanokumbira uye vanogamuchira kuvaEgipita zvinhu zvesirivha nezvendarama nezvipfeko. Vanobuda muEgipita muchimiro chehondo, vanosvika varume vakasimba kwazvo vane 600 000, pamwe chete nemhuri dzavo neboka guru rakavhengana ravasiri vaIsraeri, pamwe chete neboka risingaverengeki remhuka. Ikoku kunoratidzira mugumo wamakore 430 kubvira pakuyambuka kwaAbrahama Yufratesi kuti apinde munyika yeKanani. Zvamazvirokwazvo uhwu usiku hunofanira kurangarirwa.—Eks. 12:40, NW, mashoko omuzasi echipiri; VaG. 3:17.

18. Kutsveneswai kukurusa kwezita raJehovha kunoitika paGungwa Dzvuku?

¹⁸ Zita raJehovha rinotsveneswa paGungwa Dzvuku (13:17–15:21). Achivatungamirira masikati mushongwe yegore uye usiku mushongwe yomwoto, Jehovha anotungamirira Israeri kubuda nenzira yeSukoti. Zvakare Farao anoomesa mwoyo wake, achivaronda nengoro dzake dzakasarudzwa dzehondo achivabata, iye anofunga kudaro, paGungwa Dzvuku. Mosesi anokurudzira vanhu, achiti: “Musatya henyu, mirai, mugoona sununguro yaJehovha, yaachakuitirai nhasi.” (14:13) Ipapo Jehovha anoita kuti gungwa ridzokere shure, richiita mukoto wokupukunyuka nawo umo Mosesi anotungamirira mauri vaIsraeri zvakakotsekana vachienda kumhenderekedzo yokumabvazuva. Mauto ane simba aFarao anopinda achivatandanisa, kuti vabatwe bedzi ndokunyura mumvura dzinodzokera. Kutsveneswa kukurusa kwakadini kwezita raJehovha! Chisakiso chikuru chakadini chokumufarira! Kufara ikoko ipapo kunoratidzirwa murwiyo rukuru rwokutanga rweBhaibheri rworukundo: “Ndichaimbira Jehovha, nokuti wakasimuka nesimba rake; wakakandira bhiza nomutasvi waro mugungwa. Jehovha ndiro simba rangu norwiyo rwangu; iye wakava ruponeso rwangu; . . . Jehovha uchabata ushe nokusingaperi.”—15:1, 2, 18.

19. Zviitikoi zvinoratidzira rwendo rwokunanga kuSinai?

¹⁹ Jehovha anoita sungano yoMutemo paSinai (15:22–34:35). Munhano dzinotevedzana, sedzinotungamirirwa naJehovha, Israeri anofamba akananga Sinai, gomo raMwari wechokwadi. Apo vanhu vanonyunyuta pamusoro pemvura inovava paMara, Jehovha anovaitira kuti inake. Zvakare, apo ivo vanonyunyuta pamusoro pokushayika kwenyama nechingwa, iye anovagovera zvihuta mumadekwana nemana inonaka, sedova riri pasi, mumangwanani. Iyi mana ichabatira sechingwa nokuda kwavaIsraeri kwamakore 40 anotevera. Uyewo, kwenguva yokutanga munhau, Jehovha anorayira kuchengetwa kwezuva rezororo, kana kuti sabata, achiita kuti vaIsraeri vanhonge kaviri uwandu hwemana pazuva rechitanhatu uye achinyima mugove pazuva rechinomwe. Iye anovabudisirawo mvura paRefidhimi uye anovarwira mukurwisana naAmareki, achiita kuti Mosesi anyore rutongeso Rwake rwokuti Amareki achaparadzwa chose chose.

20. Kuronga kuri nani kunoitwa sei?

²⁰ Vatezvara vaMosesi, Jetero, ipapo vanomuunzira mudzimai wake navanakomana vaviri. Nguva zvino yasvika yokurongwa kuri nani muna Israeri, uye Jetero anopa zano rinoshanda rakanaka. Anopa zano Mosesi kusatakura mutoro wose amene asi kugadza varume vanokwanisa, vanotya Mwari kuti vatonge vanhu samadzishe ezviuru, mazana, makumi mashanu, uye makumi. Mosesi anoita ikoku, zvokuti zvino mhaka dzinonetsa bedzi dzinouya kwaari.

21. Jehovha anotevera kuita chipikirwai, asi pamamirirei ezvinhu?

²¹ Mukati memwedzi mitatu pashure poKubuda, Israeri anogara mumisasa murenje reSinai. Jehovha pano anovimbisa, kuti: “Zvino kana mukateerera inzwi rangu nomwoyo wose, mukachengeta sungano yangu, muchava fuma yangu chaiyo pakati pendudzi dzose, nokuti nyika ndeyangu; muchava kwandiri ushe hwavaprista, norudzi rutsvene.” Vanhu vose vakapindura pamwe chete, vachiti: “Zvose zvataurwa naJehovha tichazviita.” (19:5, 6, 8) Pashure penhambo yokutsveneswa kwaIsraeri, Jehovha anoburuka pagomo pazuva rechitatu, achirisakisa kupfungaira utsi nokutenheka.

22. (a) Mirayiroi iri muMashoko Gumi? (b) Ndizvimwe zvisarudzoi zvokutonga zvinoiswa pamberi paIsraeri, uye rudzi rwacho runopinzwa sei musungano yoMutemo?

²² Jehovha ipapo anopfuurira kupa Mashoko Gumi, kana kuti Mirayiro Gumi. Iyoyi inosimbisa kuzvipira kwapoga kuna Jehovha, nepo ichirambidza vamwe vamwari, kunamata mifananidzo, uye kutaura zita raJehovha munzira isina maturo. VaIsraeri vanorayirwa kuita basa mazuva matanhatu uye ipapo kuchengeta sabata kuna Jehovha, uye kukudza baba namai. Mitemo inodzivisa kuponda, upombwe, kuba, kupupurira zvenhema nhema, uye ruchiva inogumisa Mashoko Gumi. Ipapo Jehovha anopfuurira kuisa zvisarudzo zvokutonga pamberi pavo, mirayiridzo yorudzi rutsva, inofukidza uranda, kudenha, kuvadziko, muripo, umbavha, kuvadziko inoparirwa nomwoto, kunamata kwenhema, nyengedzo, kubatwa zvisina kufanira kwechirikadzi nenherera, zvikwereti, uye dzimwe nhau zhinji. Mitemo yesabata inopiwa, uye mitambo mitatu yegore negore inogadzirirwa kunamatwa kwaJehovha. Mosesi ipapo anonyora mashoko aJehovha, zvibayiro zvinopiwa, uye hafu yeropa inosaswa paatari. Bhuku resungano rinoravirwa vanhu, uye pashure pokunge vapupurira zvakare kudisa kwavo kuteerera, rasara reropa rinosaswa pabhuku napavanhu vose. Nokudaro Jehovha anoita sungano yoMutemo naIsraeri kupfurikidza nomureveri, Mosesi.—VaH. 9:19, 20.

23. Jehovha anogovera Mosesi mirayiridzoi mugomo?

²³ Mosesi ipapo anokwira kuna Jehovha mugomo kundogamuchira Mutemo. Kwamazuva 40 nousiku, iye anopiwa mirayiridzo mizhinji pamusoro pezvivakiso zvetabhenakeri, udzame hwemidziyo yayo, rondedzero dzine udzame dzetabhenakeri imene, uye mugadzirirwo wenguo dzouprista, kubatanidza ndiro yendarama yakaisvonaka, yakanyorwa kuti “Mutsvene Kuna Jehovha,” pangowani yaAroni. Kugadzwa uye basa rouprista zvinorondedzerwa muudzame, uye Mosesi anoyeuchidzwa kuti Sabata chichava chiratidzo pakati paJehovha navanakomana vaIsraeri “nokusingaperi.” Mosesi ipapo anopiwa mahwendefa maviri eChipupuriro akanyorwa paari no‘munwe waMwari.’—Eks. 28:36; 31:17, 18.

24. (a) Vanhu vanoita chivii, uye nomugumisiroi? (b) Jehovha anotevera kuzivisa sei zita rake nembiri kuna Mosesi?

²⁴ Munguva ino vanhu vanova nechinya uye vanokumbira Aroni kuti aite mwari wokuvatungamirira. Aroni anoita ikoku, achiumba mhuru yendarama, iyo vanhu vanonamata muicho anotumidza kuti “mutambo uchavapo kuna Jehovha.” (32:5) Jehovha anotaura nezvokuparadzanya Israeri, asi Mosesi anovareverera, kunyange zvazvo iye anoputsanya mahwendefa mukutsamwa kwake amene kukuru. Vanakomana vaRevhi zvino vanodzivirira kunamata kwakachena, vachiuraya vane 3 000 vavatambi vomutambo. Jehovha anovarwadzisa nedambudziko. Pashure pacho Mosesi anoteterera Mwari kuti apfuurire kutungamira vanhu vake, anoudzwa kuti angaona rumbonera rwembiri yaMwari uye anorayiridzwa kuveza mahwendefa maviri okuwedzera apo Jehovha achanyorazve Mashoko Gumi. Apo Mosesi anokwira mugomo nguva yechipiri, Jehovha anopfuurira kuzivisa kwaari zita raJehovha sezvo Iye anopfuura, kuti: “Jehovha, Jehovha, Mwari uzere nyasha nengoni, unononoka kutsamwa, une tsitsi huru nezvokwadi, unochengetera vane zviuru zvamazana nyasha dzake.” (34:6, 7) Ipapo anotaura gadziriro dzesungano yake, uye Mosesi anoinyora sezvatinayo nhasi mubhuku raEksodho. Apo Mosesi anoburuka muGomo reSinai, ganda rechiso chake rinobudisa mwaranzi nemhaka yembiri yakaratidzirwa yaJehovha. Somugumisiro, iye anotofanira kuisa chifukidziro pachiso chake.—2 VaK. 3:7-11.

25. Chinyorwa chinorondedzerei pamusoro petabhenakeri uye kuratidzirwazve kwembiri yaJehovha?

²⁵ Kuvakwa kwetabhenakeri (35:1–40:38). Mosesi ipapo anounganidza Israeri pamwe chete uye anopa mashoko aJehovha kwavari, achivaudza kuti vane mwoyo inodisa vane ropafadzo yokupa mipiro kutabhenakeri uye vane mwoyo yakangwara vane ropafadzo yokushanda pairi. Nokukurumidza kunoshumwa kuna Mosesi, kuti: “Vanhu vanouya nezvakawandisa kupfuura zvinokwana kuita basa rakarayirwa naJehovha kuti riitwe.” (36:5) Munhungamiro yaMosesi vashandi vakazadzwa nomudzimu waJehovha vanopfuurira kuvaka tabhenakeri nemidziyo yayo uye kuita nguo dzose dzavaprista. Gore rimwe pashure poKubuda, tabhenakeri inopedzwa uye inoiswa pabani pamberi peGomo reSinai. Jehovha anoratidza tendero yake kupfurikidza nokufukidza tende yokusonganira negore rake uye kupfurikidza nokuzadza tabhenakeri nembiri yake, zvokuti Mosesi haakwanisi kupinda mutende. Gore rimwe cheteri masikati uye mwoto usiku rinoratidzira kutungamirira kwaJehovha Israeri mukati menzendo dzavo dzose. Zvino rava gore ra1512 B.C.E., uye pano chinyorwa chebhuku raEksodho chinoguma, zita raJehovha richitsveneswa nenzira ine mbiri kupfurikidza namabasa ake anoshamisa anoitwa nokuda kwaIsraeri.

CHIKONZERO NEI RICHIBETSERA

26. (a) Bhuku raEksodho rinosimbisa sei kutenda Jehovha? (b) Nongedzero kubhuku raEksodho dziri muMagwaro echiGiriki echiKristu dzinowedzera sei kutenda kwedu?

²⁶ Nenzira yakatanhamara, bhuku raEksodho rinozivisa Jehovha soMununuri mukuru noMurongi noMuzadziki wezvinangwa zvake zvakaisvonaka, uye rinosimbisa kutenda kwedu maari. Uku kutenda kunowedzerwa sezvatinofunda nongedzero zhinji kubhuku raEksodho dziri muMagwaro echiGiriki echiKristu, dzinoratidzira zadziko dzamativi mazhinji esungano yoMutemo, chipikirwa chorumuko, gadziriro yaJehovha yokutsigira vanhu vake, mienzaniso yebasa rebetsero rechiKristu, zano pamusoro pokurangarira vabereki, zvinodikanwa zvokuwana upenyu, uye marangarirwe eruramisiro yechirango. Mutemo pakupedzisira wakapetwa mumirayiro miviri pamusoro pokuratidzwa kworudo nokuda kwaMwari nomunhu biyako.—Mat. 22:32—Eks. 4:5; Joh. 6:31-35 uye 2 VaK. 8:15—Eks. 16:4, 18; Mat. 15:4 uye VaEf. 6:2—Eks. 20:12; Mat. 5:26, 38, 39—Eks. 21:24; Mat. 22:37-40.

27. Chinyorwa chenhau chiri mubhuku raEksodho ndechebetsero yei kuvaKristu?

²⁷ Pana VaHebheru 11:23-29 tinorava nezvokutenda kwaMosesi navabereki vake. Kupfurikidza nokutenda akabva muEgipita, kupfurikidza nokutenda akachengeta Paseka, uye kupfurikidza nokutenda akatungamirira Israeri nomuGungwa Dzvuku. VaIsraeri vakabhapatidzwa muna Mosesi uye vakadya zvokudya zvomudzimu ndokunwa chokunwa chomudzimu. Vaikarira ruware rwomudzimu, kana kuti Kristu, asi zvisinei vakanga vasina tendero yaMwari, nokuti vakaedza Mwari uye vakava vanamati vezvidhori, zvifeve, uye vanyunyuti. Pauro anotsanangura kuti ikoku kunoshanda nokuda kwamaKristu nhasi: “Zvino, izvi zvakavawira, kuti vave zviratidzo; zvakanyorwa kuti tinyeverwe isu, takasvikirwa nokuguma kwenyika. Naizvozvo, unoti ndinomira, ngaachenjere kuti arege kuwa.”—1 VaK. 10:1-12; VaH. 3:7-13.

28. Mimvuri yoMutemo negwayana rePaseka yakazadzikwa sei?

²⁸ Uzhinji hwerevo huru yomudzimu hwebhuku raEksodho, pamwe chete nokushanda kwake kwouporofita, hunopiwa mumanyoro aPauro, zvikurukuru muna VaHebheru maganhuro 9 ne10. “Nokuti Mutemo zvaune mumvuri wezvinhu zvakanaka zvichauya, asi usati uri mufananidzo chaiwo wezvinhu izvozvo, vanhu havangatongogoni kukwanisa avo vanoswedera gore rimwe nerimwe nezvibayiro izvo zvavanopfuurira kupa Mwari.” (VaH. 10:1, NW) Isu, naizvozvo, tinofarira kuziva mumvuri uye kunzwisisa chinhu chaichoicho. Kristu “akapa chibayiro chimwe chezvivi nokusingaperi.” Anorondedzerwa se“Gwayana raMwari.” Hapana pfupa reiri “Gwayana” rakavhunwa, kungofanana nomumufananidzo. Muapostora Pauro anotsinhira, kuti: “Kristu paseka yedu akabayirwa. Naizvozvo ngatichengetei mutambo, kwete nembiriso yekare, kana kuti nembiriso youshati nouipi, asi nezvipapata zvisina kuviriswa zvouchokwadi nezvokwadi.”—VaH. 10:12, NW; Joh. 1:29 uye Joh 19:36—Eks. 12:46; 1 VaK. 5:7, 8—Eks. 23:15.

29. (a) Siyanisa sungano yoMutemo nesungano itsva. (b) VaIsraeri vomudzimu zvino vanopa kuna Mwari zvibayiroi?

²⁹ Jesu akava Mureveri wesungano itsva, sezvo Mosesi akanga ave ari mureveri wesungano yoMutemo. Musiyano uri pakati peidzi sungano unotsanangurwawo zvakajeka nomuapostora Pauro, uyo anotaura nezvo‘rugwaro rwakanyorwa namaoko rwemitemo’ rwakabviswa munzira norufu rwaJesu padanda rokutambudzira. Jesu akamutswa soMuprista Mukuru ndiye “mushumiri wezvinhu zvitsvene, nowetabhenakeri chaiyo, yakamiswa naShe, isina kumiswa nomunhu.” Vaprista vaiva muMutemo vai“shumira mufananidzo nomumvuri wezvokudenga” mukuwirirana nomutoo wakapiwa naMosesi. “Asi zvino [Jesu] wakawana basa rakanyanya kunaka, sezvaari Murevereri wesungano inopfuura nokunaka, yakasimbiswa nezvipikirwa zvinopfuura nokunaka.” Sungano yekare yakarega kushanda uye yakaparadzwa sebumbiro remitemo rinoparira rufu. VaJudha vaya vasinganzwisisi ikoku vanorondedzerwa savanogomadzirwa mifungo yavo, asi vadaviri vaya vanonzwisisa kuti Israeri womudzimu akapinda musungano itsva vanogona “[kuratidzira, NW] nechiso chisina kufukidzirwa kubwinya kwaShe sapachioni-oni,” zvavari vakakwaniriswa nomutoo wakakwana savashumiri vayo. Vaine hana dzakacheneswa ivava vanokwanisa kupa “chibayiro (chavo vamene) cherumbidzo, ndiko kuti, chibereko chemiromo inoita kudanidzira kwapamhene kuzita rake.”—VaK. 2:14; VaH. 8:1-6, 13; 2 VaK. 3:6-18; VaH. 13:15, NW; Eks. 34:27-35.

30. Kununurwa kwaIsraeri nokukudzwa kwezita raJehovha muEgipita zvakadeya kufananidzirei?

³⁰ Bhuku raEksodho rinokudza zita nouchangamire zvaJehovha, achinongedzera mberi kukununurwa kune mbiri kworudzi rwechiKristu rwaIsraeri womudzimu, kwarwuri kunonzi: “Imi muri ‘dzinza rakasarudzwa, uprista hwoumambo, rudzi rutsvene, vanhu vepfuma chaiyo, kuti mufanire kuzivisa kwakafara zvakaisvonaka’ zvouyo akakudanai kuti mubude murima kuti mupinde muchiedza chake chinoshamisa. Nokuti imi maichimbova musati muri rudzi, asi zvino muri vanhu vaMwari.” Simba raJehovha serinoratidzirwa mukuunganidza Israeri wake womudzimu kuti abude munyika kuti akudze zita rake harizati richitongova risingashamisi kupinda simba raakaratidza nokuda kwavanhu vake muEgipita yakare. Mukuchengeta Farao aripo kuti amuratidze simba Rake uye kuti zita Rake rigoziviswa, Jehovha akadeya kufananidzira chipupuriro chikuru zvikuru chaizoitwa kupfurikidza neZvapupu Zvake zvechiKristu.—1 Pet. 2:9, 10, NW; VaR. 9:17; Zvak. 12:17.

31. Bhuku raEksodho rinofanofananidzirei pamusoro poumambo nokuvapo kwaJehovha?

³¹ Nokudaro, tinogona kutaura muMagwaro kuti rudzi rwakaumbwa mukutungamirira kwaMosesi rwakanongedzera mberi kurudzi rutsva mukutungamirira kwaKristu uye kuumambo husati huchizotongozununguswa. Nemhaka yaikoku, tinokurudzirwa ku“itira Mwari basa rinoyera norutyo rwoumwari noruremekedzo.” Sezvo kuvapo kwaJehovha kwaifukidza tabhenakeri murenje, naizvozvo iye anopikira kuva nokusingagumi naavo vanomutya, kuti: “Tarirai! Tende yaMwari ine rudzi rwomunhu, uye iye uchagara navo, uye ivo vachava vanhu vake. Uye Mwari amene achava navo. . . . Nyora, nemhaka yokuti aya mashoko akatendeka uye ndeechokwadi.” Bhuku raEksodho zvirokwazvo rutivi runokosha uye runobetsera rwechinyorwa cheBhaibheri.—Eks. 19:16-19—VaH. 12:18-29, NW; Eks. 40:34—Zvak. 21:3, 5, NW.

[Mashoko Omuzasi]