Bhuku reBhaibheri Nhamba 44—Mabasa

Munyori: Ruka

Nzvimbo Yakanyorerwa: Roma

Kunyora Kwakapedzwa: Munenge muna 61 C.E.

Nguva Yakafukidzwa: 33–munenge muna 61 C.E.

 1, 2. (a) Zviitikoi zvenhau nemibato zvinorondedzerwa mubhuku raMabasa? (b) Bhuku racho rinofukidza nhamboi yenguva?

MUBHUKU rechi42 raMagwaro akafuridzirwa, Ruka anopa nhoroondo inofukidza upenyu, mubato, uye ushumiri zvaJesu navateveri vake kusvikira kunguva yokukwira kwaJesu. Chinyorwa chenhau chebhuku rechi44 raMagwaro, Mabasa Avaapostora, chinopfuuridzira nhau yechiKristu chapakuvamba kupfurikidza nokurondedzera kutangwa kweungano somugumisiro wokushanda kwomudzimu mutsvene. Chinorondedzerawo kukura kwouchapupu, kutanga pakati pavaJudha uye ipapo kuvanhu vamarudzi ose. Rutivi rukuru zvikuru rwamashoko ari mumaganhuro 12 okutanga 1-12 runofukidza mibato yaPetro, uye maganhuro 16 asara, mibato yaPauro. Ruka akanga ane songaniro yapedyo naPauro, achimuperekedza padzakawanda dzenzendo dzake.

² Bhuku racho rakanyorerwa Teofiro. Sezvo achinongedzerwa kwaari se“akakurumbira,” kunobvira kuti akanga ari mukuru mukuru, kana kuti kungangova zvako kutaurwa kworuremekedzo rukuru. (Ruka 1:3) Nhoroondo yacho inogovera chinyorwa chenhau chakarurama chokutangwa nokukura kweungano yechiKristu. Inotanga nokuoneka kwaJesu kuvadzidzi vake pashure porumuko rwake uye ipapo ine chinyorwa chezviitiko zvinokosha zvenhambo inovambira pana 33 kusvikira munenge muna 61 C.E., ichifukidza makore anenge 28 pamwe chete.

 3. Ndiani akanyora bhuku raMabasa, uye kunyora kwakapedzwa rini?

³ Kubvira munguva dzakare munyori weEvhangeri yaRuka akanzi ndiye akanyora Mabasa. Mabhuku ose ari maviri akanyorerwa Teofiro. Kupfurikidza nokudzokorora zviitiko zvokupedzisira zveEvhangeri yake mundima dzokutanga dzaMabasa, Ruka anobatanidza nhoroondo mbiri pamwe chete sebhuku romunyori mumwe cheteyo. Kunoratidzika kuti Ruka akapedza Mabasa munenge muna 61 C.E., zvimwe nechokumugumo wokugara kwamakore maviri muRoma apo akanga ari pamwe chete nomuapostora Pauro. Sezvo rine chinyorwa chezviitiko kusvikira kugore iroro, raisagona kuve rakapedzwa pakuvamba zvikuru, uye kusiya kwaro kukwirira kwaPauro kuna Kesari kusina kusarudzwa kunoratidzira kuti rakapedzwa pakasvika gore iroro.

 4. Chii chinobvumikisa kuti bhuku raMabasa nderomundaza yamanyoro matsvene uye nderechokwadi?

⁴ Kubvira munguva dzakare zvikurusa, bhuku raMabasa rakagamuchirwa nenyanzvi dzeBhaibheri seremundaza yamanyoro matsvene. Mativi ebhuku racho anowanwa pakati pamamwe amanyoro omupumburu wenhokwe wekare zvikurusa achiriko aMagwaro echiGiriki, zvikurukuru Michigan Nha. 1571 (P³⁸) yezana ramakore rechitatu kana kuti rechina C.E. uye Chester Beatty Nha. 1 (P⁴⁵) yezana ramakore rechitatu. Ose iwaya ari maviri anoratidzira kuti bhuku raMabasa rakanga richitenderera namamwe mabhuku aMagwaro akafuridzirwa uye nokudaro rakanga riri rutivi rwendaza yacho pamusi wapakuvamba. Kunyora kwaRuka mubhuku raMabasa kunoratidzira ururami hunoshamisa humwe chetehwo sohwatakatocherekedza kuti hunoratidzira Evhangeri yake. Changamire William M. Ramsay anoronga munyori webhuku raMabasa “pakati pevezvenhau venzvimbo yokutanga,” uye anotsanangura icho ikoku kunoreva kupfurikidza nokutaura, kuti: “Vara rokutanga nerinokosha rewezvenhau mukuru izvokwadi. Zvaanotaura zvinofanira kuva zvakavimbika.”a

 5. Enzanisira kushuma kwakarurama kwaRuka.

⁵ Tichienzanisira kushuma kwakarurama uko kunoratidzira kwazvo manyoro aRuka, tinonokora mashoko Edwin Smith, mutungamiriri weboka rezvikepe zvehondo zveBritain muMediterranean mukati meHondo Yenyika I, achinyora mumagazini inonzi The Rudder, March 1947: “Zvikepe zvakare zvaisakwasviwa seizvo zvomunguva dzazvino uno nechidzoreso chimwe chakasungirirwa padanda reshure kwechikepe, asi nezvidzoreso zvikuru zviviri kana kuti mikwasvo, chimwe kurutivi rumwe norumwe rweshure kwechikepe; nokudaro kududzwa kwazvo muzvizhinji naSt. Luke. [Mabasa 27:40] . . . Takaona mukunzvera kwedu kuti kutaura kuri kwose pamusoro pokufamba kweichi chikepe, kubvira panguva apo chakabva paZororo Rakanaka kutozosvikira chamiswa pamhenderekedzo yegungwa paMerita, sezvinoratidzwa naSt. Luke kwakasimbiswa noufakazi hwokunze nohwakazvimirira hworudzi chairwoirwo zvikurusa norunogutsa; uye kuti kutaura kwake pamusoro penguva iyo chikepe chakaramba chiri mugungwa kunowirirana nedaro rakafukidzwa; uye pakupedzisira kuti kurondedzera kwake nzvimbo yakasvikwa kwairi kunowirirana nenzvimbo yacho sezvairi. Zvose zvinoratidza kuti Ruka chaizvoizvo akafamba nechikepe sezvinorondedzerwa, uye akazviratidzazve amene kuva munhu ane tsinhiro nokutaura zvingarangarirwa sezvakavimbika nezvechokwadi mumwero wakakwirira zvikurusa.”b

 6. Mienzanisoi inoratidza nzira iyo zviwanwa zveruzivo rwokuchera matongo zvinosimbisa nayo kururama kwebhuku raMabasa?

⁶ Zviwanwa zveruzivo rwokuchera matongo zvinosimbisawo kururama kwenhoroondo yaRuka. Somuenzaniso, kuchera paEfeso kwakafukunura tembere yaDhiana pamwe chete nehoro yemitambo yakare umo vaEfeso vakaita bope mukurwisana nomuapostora Pauro. (Mabasa 19:27-41) Manyoro akawanwa ayo anosimbisa kururama kwokushandisa kwaRuka zita rokuremekedza rokuti “vabati veguta” serinoshanda kuvakuru vakuru veTesaronika. (17:6, 8) Manyoro maviri eMerita anoratidza kuti Ruka akanga akaruramawo mukunongedzera kuna Pubrio so“mukuru” weMerita.—28:7.c

 7. Kutaura kwakanyorwa kunoratidza sei chinyorwa chebhuku raMabasa kuva cheidi?

⁷ Uyezve, kutaura kwakasiyana-siyana kwakaitwa naPetro, Stefano, Konerio, Terturo, Pauro, uye vamwe, sezvakanyorwa naRuka, kwose kwakasiyana mumuitiro nokunyora. Kunyange kutaura kwaPauro, kwakataurwa pamberi pavateereri vakasiyana-siyana, kwakachinjwa mumuitiro kuti kukodzere nhambo yacho. Ikoku kunoratidzira kuti Ruka akanyora bedzi izvo iye amene akanzwa kana kuti izvo zvimwe zvapupu zvakaona zvakashuma kwaari. Ruka akanga asiri munyori wengano.

 8. Magwaro anotiudzei nezvaRuka nesonganiro yake naPauro?

⁸ Zvishomanene zvikuru zvinozivikanwa nezvoupenyu hwomunhu oga hwaRuka. Ruka amene akanga asati ari muapostora asi akanga akabatanidzwa naavo vakanga vari. (Ruka 1:1-4) Muzviitiko zvitatu muapostora Pauro anodudza Ruka nezita. (VaK. 4:10, 14; 2 Tim. 4:11; Fir. 24) Kwamakore akati akanga ari shamwari yenguva dzose yaPauro, uyo akamudana kuti “chiremba anodiwa.” (NW) Kune kuchinja-chinja munhoroondo yacho pakati pa“va” na“ti,” kuratidzira kuti Ruka akanga aina Pauro kuTroa mukati merwendo rwechipiri rwoufundisi rwaPauro, kuti angave akasara paFiripo kutozosvikira Pauro adzoka makore akati gare gare, uye kuti iye ipapo akakumbanirazve Pauro ndokumuperekedza parwendo rwake rwokuRoma nokuda kwokutongwa.—Mabasa 16:8, 10; 17:1; 20:4-6; 28:16.

ZVIRI MUBHUKU RAMABASA

 9. Vadzidzi vanoudzwa zvinhui panguva yokukwira kwaJesu?

⁹ Zviitiko kusvikira paPentekosta (1:1-26). Sezvo Ruka anotanga iyi nhoroondo yechipiri, Jesu akamutswa anoudza vadzidzi vake vanodisa kuti vachabhapatidzwa mumudzimu mutsvene. Umambo huchadzorerwa panguva ino here? Aiwa. Asi vachagamuchira simba ndokuva zvapupu “kusvikira kumugumo wenyika.” Sezvo Jesu anosimudzwa kubviswa mukuona kwavo, varume vaviri vakapfeka zvichena vanovaudza, kuti: “Uyu Jesu, wakabva kwamuri, akakwidzwa kudenga, uchauya saizvozvo, sezvamamuona achienda.”—1:8, 11.

10. (a) Zvinhui zvisingakanganwiki zvinoitika pazuva rePentekosta? (b) Petro anopa tsananguroi, uye chii chinobva mairi?

¹⁰ Zuva risingakanganwiki rePentekosta (2:1-42). Vadzidzi vose vakaungana muJerusarema. Kamwe kamwe kutinhira kwakafanana nokwemhepo inovhuvhuta kunozadza imba. Ndimi sokunge dzomwoto dzinomhara paavo varipo. Vanozadzwa nomudzimu mutsvene ndokuvamba kutaura mumitauro yakasiyana-siyana pamusoro pa“mabasa makuru aMwari.” (2:11) Vaoni vanokatyamadzwa. Zvino Petro anosimuka ndokutaura. Anotsanangura kuti uku kudururwa kwomudzimu kuzadzikwa kwouporofita hwaJoere (2:28-32) uye kuti Jesu Kristu, zvino akamutswa ndokukwidzwa kuruoko rworudyi rwaMwari, ‘adurura izvi zvavanoona nokunzwa.’ Vabayiwa pamwoyo, vanenge 3 000 vanogamuchira shoko uye vanobhapatidzwa.—2:33.

11. Jehovha anoita sei kuti basa rokuparidza ribudirire?

¹¹ Uchapupu hunokura (2:43–5:42). Zuva nezuva, Jehovha anopfuurira kubatanidza kwavari avo vari kuponeswa. Kunze kwetembere Petro naJohane vanosvika pamurume akaremara uyo asina kutongofamba muupenyu hwake. “Nezita raJesu weNazareta, chifamba,” anorayira kudaro Petro. Pakarepo murume wacho anovamba ku“famba achipembera, achirumbidza Mwari.” Petro ipapo anokumbira vanhu kuti vapfidze ndokutendeuka, “kuti nguva dzokusimbiswa dzinobva kunaShe, dzisvike.” Vashatirwa kuti Petro naJohane vari kudzidzisa rumuko rwaJesu, vatungamiriri vorudzidziso vanovasunga, asi vatendi vanowedzera kusvikira kuvanhu vanenge 5 000.—3:6, 8, 19.

12. (a) Vadzidzi vanopa mhinduroi apo vanorayirwa kurega kuparidza? (b) Ananiasi naSafira vanorangwa nokuda kwechii?

¹² Zuva rinotevera, Petro naJohane vanoendeswa pamberi pavatongi vechiJudha nokuda kwokubvunzwa. Petro anopupura zvakajeka kuti ruponeso ruri bedzi kupfurikidza naJesu Kristu, uye apo vanorayirwa kurega basa ravo rokuparidza, vose vari vaviri Petro naJohane vanopindura, kuti: “Tongai henyu imi, kana zvingava zvakarurama pamberi paMwari, kuti titeerere imi kupfuura Mwari. Nokuti hatigoni isu kurega kutaura zvatakaona, nezvatakanzwa.” (4:19, 20) Vanosunungurwa, uye vadzidzi vose vanopfuurira kutaura shoko raMwari noushingi. Nemhaka yemamirire ezvinhu, vanounganidza zvinhu zvavo zvokunyama ndokugovera maererano nokushayiwa. Zvisinei, mumwe Ananiasi nomudzimai wake, Safira, vanotengesa munda ndokuchengeta pachivande rutivi rwomutengo wacho apo vakanga vachipa chitarisiko chokupa chitsama chose. Petro anovafumura, uye vanodonha ndokufa nemhaka yokuti vanyepera Mwari nomudzimu mutsvene.

13. Vaapostora vanopomerwa chii, vanopindura sei, uye vanopfuurira kuitei?

¹³ Zvakare vatungamiriri vorudzidziso vakatsamwa vanokandira vaapostora mutorongo, asi nguva ino ngirozi yaJehovha inovasunungura. Zuva rinotevera vanounzwa zvakare pamberi peSanihedrini uye vanopomerwa ‘kuzadza Jerusarema nokudzidzisa kwavo.’ Ivo vanopindura, kuti: “Tinofanira kuteerera Mwari kupfuura vanhu.” Kunyange zvazvo vapurwa ndokutyisidzirwa, vanongoramba kurega, uye ‘zuva riri rose mutembere uye paimba neimba vanopfuurira vasingaregi kudzidzisa nokuzivisa mashoko akanaka pamusoro paKristu, Jesu.’—5:28, 29, 42.

14. Stefano anosangana sei nokufira kutendeka?

¹⁴ Kufira kutendeka kwaStefano (6:1–8:1a). Stefano ndomumwe wavanomwe vakagadzwa nomudzimu mutsvene kuti vaparadzire zvokudya kumatafura. Anopupurirawo zvokwadi nenzira ine simba, uye kutsigira kwake kutenda ndekwokushingaira kwazvo zvokuti vashori vake vakatsamwa vanoita kuti aunzwe pamberi peSanihedrini papomero yokumhura Mwari. Mukuzvidzivirira, Stefano anotaura kutanga nezvomwoyo murefu waJehovha kuna Israeri. Ipapo, mukutaura zvakanaka kwokusatya, anosvika papfundo, rokuti: ‘Vanhu vane mitsipa mikukutu, munodzivisa mudzimu mutsvene nguva dzose, imi makagamuchira Murayiro wakapiwa nengirozi asi hamuna kuuchengeta.’ (7:51-53) Ikoku kwavanyanyira. Vanomubata, kumukandira kunze kweguta, uye vanomutaka namabwe kusvikira afa. Sauro anotarira achitendera.

15. Chii chinobva muchitambudzo, uye Firipo anova nezviitikoi zvokuparidza?

¹⁵ Zvitambudzo, kutendeuka kwaSauro (8:1b–9:30). Chitambudzo chinovamba zuva iroro paungano muJerusarema chinoparadzira vose kunze kwavaapostora munyika yose. Firipo anoenda kuSamaria, uko vakawanda vanogamuchira shoko raMwari. Petro naJohane vanotumwa ikoko vachibva kuJerusarema kuti ava vatendi vagogamuchira mudzimu mutsvene “nokuiswa kwamaoko avaapostora.” (8:18) Ngirozi ipapo inotungamirira Firipo kumaodzanyemba kumugwagwa unobva kuJerusarema uchienda kuGaza, uko anowana muranda mukuru weimba youmambo yeEtiopia akakwira ngoro yake uye achirava bhuku raIsaya. Firipo anomupa nzwisiso pamusoro perevo youporofita hwacho uye anomubhapatidza.

16. Kutendeuka kwaSauro kunoitika sei?

¹⁶ Munguvayi, Sauro, “achingorangarira kutyisa nokuuraya vadzidzi vaShe,” anoenda kundosunga avo ‘vari veNzira’ muDhamasko. Kamwe kamwe chiedza chinobva kudenga chinopenya makamupoteredza, uye anowira pasi apofumadzwa. Inzwi rinobva kudenga rinomuudza, kuti: “Ndini Jesu waunotambudza.” Pashure pamazuva matatu muDhamasko, mudzidzi anonzi Ananiasi anomushumira. Sauro anoonazve, anobhapatidzwa, uye anozadzwa nomudzimu mutsvene, zvokuti anova muparidzi anoshingaira neanokwanisa wamashoko akanaka. (9:1, 2, 5) Muuku kuitika kunoshamisa kwezviitiko, mutambudzi anova anotambudzwa uye anofanira kutiza nokuda kwoupenyu hwake, kutanga achibva muDhamasko uye ipapo achibva muJerusarema.

17. Mashoko akanaka anoenda sei kuVamarudzi vasina kudzingiswa?

¹⁷ Mashoko akanaka anoenda kuVamarudzi vasina kudzingiswa (9:31–12:25). Ungano zvino ‘inopinda munhambo yorugare, ichivakwa; uye sezvainofamba ichitya Jehovha nomukunyaradza kwomudzimu mutsvene, inoramba ichiwedzera.’ (9:31) PaJopa, Petro anomutsa Tabhita (Dhorkasi) anodiwa muvakafa, uye anogamuchira danidzo yokuenda kuKesaria ari pano, uko mukuru mukuru wehondo anonzi Kornerio akamumirira. Anoparidzira Kornerio nemhuri yake uye vanotenda, uye mudzimu mutsvene unodururwa pavari. Anzwisisa “kuti Mwari haazi mutsauri wavanhu; asi parudzi rupi norupi, munhu, unomutya, achiita zvakarurama, unogamuchirwa naye,” Petro anovabhapatidza—vatendeuki vokutanga vasina kudzingiswa Vamarudzi. Petro gare gare anotsanangura ichi chiitiko chitsva kuhama muJerusarema, chavanorumbidza Mwari pachiri.—10:34, 35.

18. (a) Chii chinotevera kuitika muAntiokia? (b) Chitambudzoi chinotanga, asi chinowana chinangwa chacho here?

¹⁸ Sezvo mashoko akanaka anopfuurira kupararira nokukurumidza, Bharnabhasi naSauro vanodzidzisa boka rakati muAntiokia, ‘uye ndimo muAntiokia umo vadzidzi vanotanga kudanwa kupfurikidza nenhungamiro yaMwari kuti vaKristu.’ (11:26) Zvakare chitambudzo chinotanga. Herodhe Agripa I anoita kuti Jakobho mukoma waJohane aurawe nomunondo. Anokandirawo Petro mutorongo, asi zvakare ngirozi yaJehovha inosunungura Petro. Zvashatira zvikuru Herodhe akaipa! Nemhaka yokuti anokundikana kupa mbiri kuna Mwari, anodyiwa nehonye uye anofa. Pane rumwe rutivi, ‘shoko raJehovha rinopfuurira kukura nokupararira.’—12:24.

19. Rwendo rwokutanga rwoufundisi rwaPauro rwakakura sei, uye chii chinoitwa?

¹⁹ Rwendo rwoufundisi rwokutanga rwaPauro, aina Bharnabhasi (13:1–14:28).d Bharnabhasi na“Sauro (ndiye Paurowo),” vanotsaurwa ndokutumwa kubva Antiokia nomudzimu mutsvene. (13:9) Pachitsuwa cheKupro, vakawanda vanova vatendi, kubatanidza mubati wenyika Sergio Pauro. Panyika yeAsia Minor, vanotenderera maguta matanhatu kana kuti anopfuura, uye kunzvimbo iri yose inhau imwe cheteyo: Kukamukana kwakajeka kunooneka pakati paavo vanogamuchira nomufaro mashoko akanaka navashori vane mitsipa mikukutu avo vanonyandura nyongori dzinokandira nhume dzaJehovha matombo. Pashure pokugadza varume vakuru muungano dzichangobva kuumbwa, Pauro naBharnabhasi vanodzokera kuAntiokia yeSiria.

20. Nhau yokudzingiswa inopedzwa kupfurikidza nechisarudzoi?

²⁰ Kupedza nhau yokudzingiswa (15:1-35). Nokudirana kukuru kwavasati vari vaJudha, mubvunzo unomuka kana ivava vachifanira kudzingiswa. Pauro naBharnabhasi vanoendesa nhau yacho kuvaapostora navarume vakuru muJerusarema, umo mudzidzi Jakobho anotungamirira ndokuronga kutumira chisarudzo chabvumiranwa navose kupfurikidza netsamba yapamutemo: “Mweya Mutsvene nesu takati zvakanaka, kuti tirege kukutakudzai mutoro mukuru kune zvinhu izvi zvakafanira, zvinoti: Regai zvakabayirwa zvifananidzo, neropa, nezvakadzipwa, noupombwe.” (15:28, 29) Kurudziro yeiyi tsamba inoparira hama muAntiokia kufara.

21. (a) Ndivanaani vanobatanidzwa naPauro parwendo rwake rwechipiri rwoufundisi? (b) Zviitikoi zvinoratidzira shanyo kuMakedhonia?

²¹ Ushumiri hunokura norwendo rwechipiri rwaPauro (15:36–18:22).e “Mamwe mazuva akati apfuura” Bharnabhasi naMarko vanoenda Kupro nechikepe, apo Pauro naSirasi vanopfuura nomuSiria neAsia Minor. (15:36) Jaya Timotio rinokumbanira Pauro kuRistra, uye vanopfuurira kuenda kuTroa pamhenderekedzo yegungwa yeAegean. Pano muchiono Pauro anoona mumwe murume achimukumbira, kuti: “Yambukira Makedhonia, utibatsire.” (16:9) Ruka anokumbanira Pauro, uye vanokwira chikepe vachienda kuFiripi, guta guru reMakedhonia, uko Pauro naSirasi vanokandirwa mutorongo. Ikoku kunoguma nokuva mutendi nokubhapatidzwa kwomurindi wetorongo. Pashure pokusunungurwa kwavo, vanopfuurira kuenda kuTesaronika, uye ikoko vaJudha vane godo vanonyandura nyongori mukurwisana navo. Naizvozvo usiku hama dzinoendesa Pauro naSirasi Bherea. Muno vaJudha vanoratidza kuva nendangariro yakanaka kupfurikidza nokugamuchira shoko “nomwoyo wose, vachinzvera Magwaro zuva rimwe nerimwe” mukutsvaka kusimbiswa kwezvinhu zvadzidzwa. (17:11) Achisiya Sirasi naTimotio neiyi ungano itsva, sezvo akanga asiya Ruka muFiripi, Pauro anopfuurira kuenda kumaodzanyemba kuAtene.

22. Chii chinobva muhurukuro younyanzvi yaPauro paAreopago?

²² Muguta rino rezvidhori, vazivi vechiEpikuro nevechiStoiko vakachenjera vanozvidza Pauro so“mutauri wezvisina maturo” no“muparidzi wavamwari vasingazivikanwi,” uye vanomukwidza paAreopago, kana kuti Mars’ Hill. Nokutaura kwounyanzvi Pauro anotaura achitsigira kutsvaka Mwari wechokwadi, “Tenzi wedenga napasi,” uyo anovimbisa rutongeso rwakarurama runoitwa nouyo Iye akamutsa muvakafa. Kududzwa kworumuko kunokamura vateereri vake, asi vamwe vanova vatendi.—17:18, 24.

23. Chii chinoitwa muKorinte?

²³ Tevere, muKorinte, Pauro anogara naAkwira naPrisira, achivakumbanira mubasa rokugadzira matende. Chishoro kukuparidza kwake chinomugombedzera kubuda musinagoge uye kuti aite misangano yake pedyo, mumusha waTito Justo. Krispo, mukuru mukuru anotungamirira wesinagoge, anova mutendi. Pashure pokugara kwemwedzi 18 muKorinte, Pauro anoenda naPrisira naAkwira kuEfeso, uko anovasiya ndokupfuurira kuenda kuAntiokia muSiria, nokudaro achipedza rwendo rwake rwechipiri rwoufundisi.

24, 25. (a) Panguva yokutanga kwaPauro rwendo rwake rwechitatu, chii chinoitika muEfeso? (b) Inyonganyongai inoratidzira mugumo wokugara kwaPauro kwamakore matatu?

²⁴ Pauro anoshanyirazve ungano, rwendo rwechitatu (18:23–21:26).f MuJudha anonzi Aporo anosvika kuEfeso achibva kuAreksandria, Egipita, achitaura nenzira youshingi musinagoge pamusoro paJesu, asi Akwira naPrisira vanokuwana kuri madikanwa kururamisa kudzidzisa kwake asati apfuurira kuenda kuKorinte. Pauro zvino ari parwendo rwake rwechitatu uye pashure penguva yakati anosvika kuEfeso. Achiziva kuti vatendi pano vakabhapatidzwa norubhapatidzo rwaJohane, Pauro anotsanangura rubhapatidzo muzita raJesu. Ipapo anobhapatidza varume vanenge 12; uye apo anoisa maoko ake pavari, vanogamuchira mudzimu mutsvene.

²⁵ Mukati mokugara kwaPauro kwamakore matatu muEfeso, ‘shoko raJehovha rinoramba richikura uye richipararira zvikuru,’ uye vakawanda vanorega kunamata kwavo mwarikadzi weguta muchengeti, Dhiana. (19:20) Vatsamwiswa nokurasikirwa nebhizimisi kunokarirwa, vagadziri veimba dzokunamatira dzesirivha vanonyonganisa guta zvakadaro zvokuti kunotora maawa kuti vaparadzire mhomho yacho. Nokukurumidza pashure pacho Pauro anoenda kuMakedhonia neGirisi, achishanyira vatendi munzira.

26. (a) Pauro anoita chishamisoi paTroa? (b) Izanoi raanopa vatariri vakabva kuEfeso?

²⁶ Pauro anogara mwedzi mitatu muGirisi asati adzokera nokuMakedhonia, uko Ruka anomukumbanirazve. Vanoyambukira Troa, uye pano, sezvo Pauro ari kukurukura kusvikira usiku, rimwe jaya rinokotsira ndokuwa richibva pafafitera renhurikidzwa yechitatu. Rinonhongwa rafa, asi Pauro anoridzorera kuupenyu. Zuva rinotevera Pauro neboka rake vanoenda kuMireto, uko Pauro anomira ari munzira kuenda kuJerusarema, kuti ave nomusangano navakuru vokuEfeso. Anovazivisa kuti havachazoonizve chiso chake. Ndokwekukurumidzira sei, ipapoka, kuti vatungamirire nokufudza boka raMwari, ‘iro mudzimu mutsvene wakavagadza kuva vatariri pakati paro’! Anorondedzera muenzaniso waakagadza pakati pavo, uye anovarayira kuti varambe vakamuka, vasingavi vasingazvishandisi vamene mukupa nokuda kwehama. (20:28) Kunyange zvazvo achinyeverwa kusatsika muJerusarema, Pauro haadzokeri. Shamwari dzake dzinobvuma, dzichiti: “Kuda kwaShe ngakuitwe.” (21:14) Kune kufara kukuru apo Pauro anoshuma kuna Jakobho navarume vakuru pamusoro pechikomborero chaMwari paushumiri hwake pakati pamarudzi.

27. Pauro anogamuchirwa zvakadini patembere?

²⁷ Pauro anosungwa ndokutongwa (21:27–26:32). Apo Pauro anooneka mutembere muJerusarema, anogamuchirwa zvakashata. VaJudha vokuAsia vanonyandura guta rose mukurwisana naye, uye varwi veRoma vanomununura panguva yakakodzera chaipo.

28. (a) Pauro anomutsa mubvunzoi pamberi peSanihedrini, uye nomugumisiroi? (b) Anoendeswa kupi panguva iyoyo?

²⁸ Mheremhere yose iri pamusoro pei? Ndiani ari uyu Pauro? Ndeipi iri mhaka yake? Mutungamiriri wehondo akangaidzwa anoda kuziva mhinduro dzacho. Nemhaka yokuva kwake mugari weRoma, Pauro anopukunyuka kurohwa uye anounzwa pamberi peSanihedrini. Aa, dare rakakamukana ravaFarise navaSadhuse! Pauro naizvozvo anomutsa mubvunzo worumuko, achivarwisanisa. Sezvo bopoto rinova ramasimba masimba, varwi veRoma vanofanira kubvuta Pauro pakati peSanihedrini asati abvamburwa. Anoendeswa pachivande usiku kuna Gavhuna Feriksi muKesaria achiperekedzwa navarwi vakawanda.

29. Apomerwa kupandukira, inhevedzanoi yokutongwa kana kuti kutambwa kwemhaka iyo Pauro anova nayo, uye anoita kukwirirai?

²⁹ Achipomerwa kupanduka navapomeri vake, Pauro anozvidzivirira amene nounyanzvi pamberi paFeriksi. Asi Feriksi anoramba achikarira kuwana mari yefufuro yokusunungurwa kwaPauro. Makore maviri anopfuura. Porkio Festo anotsiva Feriksi sagavhuna, uye kutonga kutsva kunorayirwa. Zvakare, pomero dzakakomba dzinoitwa, uye zvakare Pauro anozivisa kusava kwake nemhaka. Asi Festo, kuti awane fariro yavaJudha, anokarakadza kumwe kutonga pamberi pake muJerusarema. Pauro naizvozvo anozivisa, kuti: “Ndinozviisa kuna Kesari.” (25:11) Nguva yakawanda inopfuura. Pakupedzisira, Mambo Herodhe Agripa II anoita shanyo yokuremekedza kuna Festo, uye Pauro apinzwazve muhoro yokutonga. Chipupuriro chake chine simba uye chinopwisa kwazvo zvokuti Agripa anosundwa kutaura kwaari, kuti: “Unenge unoda kundiita muKristu nenguva duku.” (26:28) Agripa anozivawo kusava nemhaka kwaPauro uye kuti aigona kusunungurwa kudai akanga asina kukwirira kuna Kesari.

30. Zviitikoi zvinoitika parwendo rwaPauro nechikepe kusvikira paMerita?

³⁰ Pauro anoenda kuRoma (27:1–28:31).g Musungwa Pauro navamwe vanoendeswa vari muchikepe kwedaro rokutanga rorwendo rwokuRoma. Mhepo ichidzivisa, kufambira mberi kunononoka. Pachiteshi chezvikepe cheMira, vanochinja zvikepe. Pakusvika paZororo Rakanaka, muKrete, Pauro anorumbidza kugarapo munguva yechando, asi voruzhinji vanorumbidza kutanga kukwasva. Vachangopinda mugungwa apo mhepo inovhuvhuta inovabata ndokuvasunda nenzira isina ngoni. Pashure pevhiki mbiri chikepe chavo pakupedzisira chinoputsika pasina kudzama pamhenderekedzo yeMerita. Maererano nevimbiso yaPauro yakapfuura, hapana nomumwe wavane 276 vakakwira anorasikirwa noupenyu hwake! Vagari veMerita vanoratidza mutsa wounhu unopfuura wenguva dzose, uye mukati mechando ichocho, Pauro anorapa vakawanda vavo kupfurikidza nesimba rinoshamisa romudzimu waMwari.

31. Pauro anokwaziswa sei pakusvika kuRoma, uye anozvibatikanisa amene muchii ikoko?

³¹ Chirimo chinotevera Pauro anosvika Roma, uye hama dzinobuda munzira kuti dzisangane naye. Kudziona kunosunda Pauro ku‘onga Mwari nokuva noushingi.’ Kunyange zvazvo achiri musungwa, Pauro anobvumidzwa kugara muimba yake amene yakahayiwa nomurwi aimurinda. Ruka anogumisa nhoroondo yake, achirondedzera kugamuchira kwaPauro nenzira yomutsa vose vakapinda kwaari uye “achiparidza [umambo, NW] hwaMwari, achidzidzisa zvaShe Jesu Kristu, asingatongotyi, asingadziviswi nomunhu.”—28:15, 31.

CHIKONZERO NEI RICHIBETSERA

32. Pentekosta isati yasvika uye pairi, Petro akapupurira sei uchokwadi hwaMagwaro echiHebheru?

³² Bhuku raMabasa rinowedzera chipupuriro kuicho chenhoroondo dzeEvhangeri mukusimbisa uchokwadi nokufuridzirwa kwaMagwaro echiHebheru. Sezvo Pentekosta yakasvika, Petro akadudza kuzadzikwa kwouporofita huviri uhwo “[hwa]kaporofitwa noMweya Mutsvene nomuromo waDhavhidhi, pamusoro paJudhasi.” (Mabasa 1:16, 20; Pis. 69:25; 109:8) Petro akaudzawo boka rePentekosta rakakatyamadzwa kuti vakanga vachipupurira chaizvoizvo kuzadzikwa kwouporofita, hunoti: “Ichi ndicho chakarehwa nomuporofita Joeri.”—Mabasa 2:16-21; Joere 2:28-32; enzanisawo Mabasa 2:25-28, 34, 35 nePisarema 16:8-11 uye Pis 110:1.

33. Petro, Firipo, Jakobho, uye Pauro vose vanoratidza sei kuti Magwaro echiHebheru akafuridzirwa?

³³ Kuti apwise rimwe boka kunze kwetembere, Petro akanongedzera zvakare kuMagwaro echiHebheru, achitanga kunokora mashoko Mosesi uye ipapo achiti: “Navaporofita vose kubva kuna Samueri, navakamutevera, naivo vose vakataura nokuparidza zvamazuva ano.” Gare gare, pamberi pamakurukota, Petro akanokora mashoko Pisarema 118:22 mukuratidza kuti Kristu, ibwe ravakaramba, akanga ava “musoro wekona.” (Mabasa 3:22-24; 4:11) Firipo akatsanangurira muranda mukuru weEtiopia kuti uporofita hwaIsaya 53:7, 8 hwakanga hwazadzikwa sei, uye pakurayiridzwa, iyeyu akakumbira rubhapatidzo nenzira yokuzvininipisa. (Mabasa 8:28-35) Nenzira yakafanana, achitaura kuna Kornerio pamusoro paJesu, Petro akapupurira, kuti: “Vaporofita vose vanomupupurira.” (10:43) Apo nhau yokudzingiswa yakanga ichikurukurwa, Jakobho akatsigira chisarudzo chake kupfurikidza nokutaura, kuti: “Nemashoko avaporofita anobvumira izvozvi; sezvazvakanyorwa.” (15:15-18) Muapostora Pauro akavimba nezviremera zvimwe chetezvo. (26:22; 28:23, 25-27) Kugamuchira kwokudisa kuri pachena kwavadzidzi navanzwi vavo Magwaro echiHebheru sorutivi rweShoko raMwari kunosimbisa kutenderwa kwakafuridzirwa kwamanyoro iwayo.

34. Bhuku raMabasa rinozivisei pamusoro peungano yechiKristu, uye ikoku kwakatongosiyana here nhasi?

³⁴ Bhuku raMabasa rinobetsera zvikurusa mukuratidza kuti ungano yechiKristu yakatangwa sei uye kuti yakakura sei musimba romudzimu mutsvene. Muiyi nhoroondo yose inoshamisa, tinocherekedza zvikomborero zvaMwari zvokukura, ushingi nomufaro zvavaKristu vapakuvamba, chimiro chavo chokusabvumirana pane zvisina kufanira mukutarisana nechitambudzo, uye kudisa kwavo kubatira, sezvinoratidzirwa mukupindura kwaPauro danidzo dzokupinda mubasa rokumwe uye kupinda muMakedhonia. (4:13, 31; 15:3; 5:28, 29; 8:4; 13:2-4; 16:9, 10) Ungano yechiKristu nhasi haina kusiyana, nokuti yakabatanidzwa pamwe chete murudo, chinzwano, uye kufarirana kwavose sezvo inotaura “mabasa makuru aMwari” munhungamiro yomudzimu mutsvene.—2:11, 17, 45; 4:34, 35; 11:27-30; 12:25.

35. Bhuku raMabasa rinoratidza sei kuti uchapupu hwaifanira kupiwa sei, uye ivarai muushumiri rinosimbiswa?

³⁵ Bhuku raMabasa rinoratidza kuti mubato wechiKristu wokuzivisa Umambo hwaMwari unofanira kuitwa sei chaizvo. Pauro amene akanga ari muenzaniso, achiti: “Handina kutya kukuparidzirai zvingakubatsirai nokukudzidzisai pachena padzimba dzose.” Ipapo anopfuurira kuti: “Ndakasanopupura.” (NW) Uyu musoro ‘wokupupurira kwazvo’ unobata ngwariro yedu mubhuku rose, uye unotanhamara nenzira inoorora mundima dzokupedzisira, umo kuzvipira kwomwoyo wose kwaPauro kukuparidza kwake nokudzidzisa, kunyange muzvisungo zvetorongo, kunopupurirwa mumashoko, anoti: “Akavadudzira, achivapupurira kwazvo [umambo, NW] hwaMwari, akavagombedzera pamusoro paJesu, nomurayiro waMosesi navaporofita, kubva mangwanani kusvikira madekwana.” Isu nguva dzose ngative vapachokwadi mumubato wedu woUmambo!—20:20, 21; 28:23; 2:40; 5:42; 26:22.

36. Izanoi rinobetsera rakapiwa naPauro rinoshanda zvakasimba kuvatariri nhasi?

³⁶ Hurukuro yaPauro kuvatariri vakabva kuEfeso ine zano rakawanda rinoshanda nokuda kwavatariri nhasi. Sezvo ivava vakagadzwa nomudzimu mutsvene, kunokosha zvikurusa kuti va‘zvingwarire vamene neboka rose,’ vachirifudza nenzira younyoro nokuridzivirira pamapere anodzvinyirira ayo anotsvaka kuparadzwa kwaro. Irori harisati riri basa rakareruka! Vatariri vanofanira kuramba vakamuka ndokuzvivaka vamene pashoko romutsa usakafanirwa waMwari. Sezvo vanoshanda kuti vabatsire vakaneta, vano“[fanira, NW] kurangarira mashoko aShe Jesu, sezvaakataura amene achiti: Kupa kune mufaro chaiwo kupfuura kugamuchira.”—20:17-35.

37. Pauro anojekesa pfundo rake paAreopago kupfurikidza nechibvumikisoi chokungwarira pakutaura?

³⁷ Dzimwe hurukuro dzaPauro dzinewo tsananguro yakajeka yenheyo dzeBhaibheri. Somuenzaniso, kune chibvumikiso chounyanzvi chehurukuro yake kuvaStoiko navaEpikuro paAreopago. Kutanga anonokora mashoko runyoro rwepaatari, “Kuna Mwari Usingazivikanwi,” uye anoshandisa irworwu sechikonzero chake chokutsanangura kuti Mwari mumwe wechokwadi, Ishe wedenga napasi, uyo akaita kubva pamunhu mumwe rudzi rwuri rwose rwavanhu, “[ha]asiri kure nomumwe nomumwe wedu.” Ipapo anonokora mashoko avadetembedzi vavo, “Tiri rudzi rwakewo,” mukuratidza kuti ndekwoufuza sei kufunga kuti vakabva kuzvidhori zvisina upenyu zvendarama, sirivha, kana kuti ibwe. Nokudaro Pauro nenzira yokungwarira pakutaura anobvumikisa uchangamire hwaMwari mupenyu. Munongova bedzi mumashoko ake okupedzisira umo anomutsa nhau yorumuko, uye kunyange panguva iyoyo haasati achidudza Kristu nezita. Akajekesa pfundo rake rouchangamire hukurusa hwaMwari mumwe wechokwadi, uye vamwe vakava vatendi somugumisiro.—17:22-34.

38. Zvikomboreroi zvichabva murudzi rwefundo runokurudzirwa mubhuku raMabasa?

³⁸ Bhuku raMabasa rinokurudzira fundo inopfuurira, yokushingaira yo“Rugwaro rwose.” Apo Pauro akatanga kuparidza muBheria, vaJudha imomo, nemhaka yokuti “vakagamuchira shoko nomwoyo wose, vachinzvera Magwaro zuva rimwe nerimwe, kana zvinhu izvozvo zviri izvo,” vakarumbidzwa se“vakanaka.” (17:11) Nhasi, sepanguva iyoyo, uku kunzverwa kwokudisa kwaMagwaro pamwe chete neungano yaJehovha yakazadzwa nomudzimu zvichaguma nezvikomborero zvokupwiswa nokutenda kwakasimba. Mumwe angasvika pakunzwisiswa kwakajeka kwenheyo dzoumwari kupfurikidza nefundo yakadaro. Kutaurwa kwakaisvonaka kwedzimwe dzeidzi nheyo kwakanyorwa pana Mabasa 15:29. Pano mutumbi unodzora wavaapostora nehama dzakakura muJerusarema wakazivisa kuti nepo kudzingiswa kwakanga kusati kuri chinodikanwa nokuda kwaIsraeri womudzimu, kwakanga kune rambidzo chaidzoidzo pakunamata zvidhori, ropa, uye ufeve.

39. (a) Vadzidzi vakasimbiswa sei kuti vasangane nezvitambudzo? (b) Vakapa uchapupui hwoushingi? Hwakabudirira here?

³⁹ Vadzidzi vapakuvamba ivavo vakafunda chaizvoizvo Magwaro akafuridzirwa uye vaigona kunokora mashoko ndokuashandisa sezvaidikanwa. Vakasimbiswa kupfurikidza nezivo yakarurama uye kupfurikidza nomudzimu waMwari kuti vatarisane nezvitambudzo zvinotyisa. Petro naJohane vakagadzira muenzaniso vaKristu vose vakatendeka apo vakaudza nenzira youshingi vatongi vanoshora, kuti: “Tongai henyu imi, kana zvingava zvakarurama pamberi paMwari, kuti titeerere imi kupfuura Mwari. Nokuti hatigoni isu kurega kutaura zvatakaona nezvatakanzwa.” Uye apo vakaunzwazve pamberi peSanihedrini, iyo yakanga ya‘varayira zvikuru’ kuti varege kuramba vachidzidzisa pahwaro hwezita raJesu, vakataura nenzira yakajeka, kuti: “Tinofanira kuteerera Mwari kupfuura vanhu.” Ichi chipupuriro chokusatya chakaguma nouchapupu hwakaisvonaka kuvatongi, uye chakatungamirira mudzidzisi woMutemo akakurumbira Gamarieri kuita kutaura kwake kunosanozivikanwa achitsigira rusununguko rwokunamata, uko kwakatungamirira kukusunungurwa kwavaapostora.—4:19, 20; 5:28, 29, 34, 35, 38, 39.

40. Bhuku raMabasa rinotipa sundoi yokupa uchapupu hwakakwana kuUmambo?

⁴⁰ Chinangwa chine mbiri chaJehovha pamusoro poUmambo hwake, icho chinopfuura seshinda yendarama muBhaibheri rose, chinotanhamara zvikuru mubhuku raMabasa. Pakuvamba Jesu anoratidzwa mukati mamazuva 40 asati akwira “achitaura zvinhu zvo[umambo, NW] hwaMwari.” Jesu akavaudza kuti vanofanira kutanga kuva zvapupu zvake kusvikira kurutivi rwuri kuresa rwapasi mukupindura mubvunzo wavadzidzi pamusoro pokudzorerwa kwoUmambo. (1:3, 6, 8) Vachitanga muJerusarema, vadzidzi vakaparidza Umambo noushingi hwakasimba. Zvitambudzo zvakaunza kutakwa namabwe kwaStefano uye zvakaparadzira vakawanda vavadzidzi vachipinda mundima itsva. (7:59, 60) Kwakanyorwa kuti Firipo akazivisa “mashoko o[umambo, NW] hwaMwari” nebudiriro huru muSamaria uye kuti Pauro navasonganiri vake vakazivisa “[umambo, NW],” muAsia, Korinte, Efeso, uye Roma. VaKristu vapakuvamba vose ivava vakagadza mienzaniso yakaisvonaka yokuvimba kusingazununguki naJehovha nomudzimu wake unotsigira. (8:5, 12; 14:5-7, 21, 22; 18:1, 4; 19:1, 8; 20:25; 28:30, 31) Tichiona shingairo yavo isingateri noushingi uye tichicherekedza kuti Jehovha akakomborera zvikuru sei nhamburiko dzavo, isu tinewo sundo inoshamisa kuti tive vakatendeka muku“pupurira kwazvo [umambo, NW] hwaMwari.”—28:23.

[Mashoko Omuzasi]