Ukujamelana Nengxaki Yeemvakalelo
UKUBA nengxaki yeemvakalelo kuyinto eqheleke ngendlela eyothusayo. Ngokomzekelo, kuqikelelwa ukuba abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-330 ehlabathini lonke badandatheke ngokunzulu, oko kukuthi badakumbe kakhulu yaye abanamdla kwizinto zemihla ngemihla. Kuye kwaqikelelwa ukuba kwiminyaka engama-20 ukususela ngoku, linani labantu abanesifo sentliziyo kuphela elinokuba ngaphezu kwenani labantu abadandathekileyo. Akumangalisi ke ngoko ukuba kuthiwe esi sifo sixhaphake njengomkhuhlane.
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje kuye kwathethwa gqitha ngesifo esiyibipolar. Umntu onesi sifo umbona ngokuguquguquka kwendlela avakalelwa ngayo, uthi esadandathekile aphinde atshintshe adlamke gqitha. Enye incwadi epapashwe yiAmerican Medical Association ithi: “Xa udandathekile unokufuna ukuzibulala. Xa udlamke gqitha, usenokungakwazi ukwenza izigqibo ezifanelekileyo uze ungakwazi ukubona ingozi kwizinto ozenzayo.”
Isifo esiyibipolar sichaphazela abantu ababini ekhulwini eUnited States, nto leyo ethetha ukuba kukho abantu abaninzi abanesi sifo kwelo lizwe kuphela. Noko ke, la manani awanakuyichaza indlela abavakalelwa ngayo abantu abanesi sifo.
Ukudandatheka—Ukudakumba Ngokugqithiseleyo
Uninzi lwethu luyazi ukuba kunjani ukudakumba. Kodwa ekuhambeni kwexesha—mhlawumbi emva kweeyure okanye iintsuku ezithile—kuye kuphele. Noko ke, ukudandatheka ngokunzulu kungaphezu koko. Njani? UGqr. Mitch Golant uthi: “Abanye bethu abangenangxaki yokudandatheka bayazi ukuba xa bedakumbile, oko kuza kuphela, kodwa ubomi bomntu odandathekileyo bungamahlandinyuka ngokungathi ukuloliwe ongalawulekiyo engazi ukuba uza kuziphelisa njani yaye nini ezi mvakalelo—ukuba phofu ziya kuze ziphele.”
Abantu badandatheka ngokunzulu ngeendlela ezahlukahlukeneyo. Ngokomzekelo, abanye abantu banento ebizwa ngokuba yiseasonal affective disorder (SAD), nto leyo ababa nayo ngamaxesha athile onyaka—ngokuqhelekileyo ebusika. Incwadi epapashwe yiPeople’s Medical Society ithi: “Abantu abane-SAD baye badandatheke nakakhulu xa behlala kwindawo esemantla naxa imozulu isibekele. Nangona iSAD ibinxulunyaniswa ngokuyintloko neentsuku zobusika ezisibekeleyo, kwezinye iimeko ibinxulunyaniswa neendawo ezimnyama ezingaphakathi kwesakhiwo, amaxesha angaqhelekanga onyaka nokungaboni kakuhle.”
Yintoni ebangela umntu adandatheke ngokunzulu? Impendulo ayicacanga. Nangona kwezinye iimeko kusenokubangelwa yimfuza, kwiimeko ezininzi izinto ezenzekayo ebomini zinendima enkulu. Kwakhona kuye kwaphawulwa ukuba esi sifo sifumaneka ngokuphindwe kabini kumabhinqa kunakumadoda.a Kodwa oku akuthethi ukuba amadoda akanaso esi sifo. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, kuqikelelwa ukuba phakathi kwesi-5 ne-12 ekhulwini lamadoda aya kudandatheka ngokunzulu kwisihlandlo esithile ebomini bawo.
Xa ubani edandathekile, wonganyelwa yiyo yonke into ebomini bakhe. USheila onesi sifo uthi: “Siyakungcungcuthekisa, sikwenza ungazithembi, uzijongele phantsi, ungakwazi ukucinga nokwenza izigqibo kakuhle, yaye xa izinto sele zimbi kakhulu, siyakucinezela ukuze sibone enoba unokunyamezela kusini na.”
Kukho amaxesha loo mntu ugulayo enako ukuba bhetele xa ethetha ngendlela avakalelwa ngayo nomntu oza kumphulaphula nonovelwano. (Yobhi 10:1) Nakuba sekunjalo, kufanele kuqondwe ukuba xa kubandakanyeke imichiza ethile, ukudandatheka akunakupheliswa nje kukuba nesimo sengqondo esihle. Eneneni, kwiimeko ezinjalo, lo mntu ugulayo akakwazi ukukulawula ukudandatheka kwakhe. Ngaphezu koko, naye isenokumdida le meko akuyo kanye njengokuba idida amalungu entsapho nabahlobo.
Cinga ngoPaula,b omnye umKristu owayesoloko edakumbe kakhulu ngaphambi kokuba kufunyaniswe ukuba unengxaki yokudandatheka. Uthi: “Ngamanye amaxesha emva kweentlanganiso zamaKristu, ndandibaleka ndiye emotweni yam ndize ndilile, kungekho sizathu. Ndandiziva ndililolo yaye ndisentlungwini. Nangona ndandinabahlobo abaninzi ababendikhathalele, ndandingayiboni kwaphela loo nto.”
Kwenzeka into efanayo kuEllen, ekwafuneka alale esibhedlele ngenxa yokudandatheka. Uthi: “Ndinoonyana ababini, oomolokazana ababini abathandekayo nomyeni—endaziyo ukuba bonke bandithanda gqitha.” Kusengqiqweni ukucinga ukuba izinto zimhambela kakuhle uEllen yaye intsapho yakhe imxabisile. Kodwa xa edandatheke kakhulu, iingcinga ezimbi—enoba azikho ngqiqweni—zinokumongamela lowo ugulayo.
Enye into engamele ibethwe ngoyaba yindlela ukudandatheka komntu okusenokuba negalelo ngayo kwintsapho. UGqr. Golant uthi: “Xa umntu omthandayo edandathekile, uhlala ungaqinisekanga, ungazi ngokwenene ukuba lo mntu uza kuchacha nini okanye adandatheke nini kwakhona. Unokuziva ulilolo—usentlungwini yaye unomsindo—nokuba ubomi butshintshile yaye mhlawumbi izinto aziyi kuphinda zifane nangaphambili.”
Ngokuqhelekileyo, abantwana banokukubona ukudandatheka komzali. UGq. Golant ubhala esithi: “Umntwana onomama odandathekileyo uyibona ngokukhawuleza imeko akuyo ngokweemvakalelo, umbona qho xa ziguquguquka iimvakalelo zakhe.” UGqr. Carol Watkins uthi abantwana abanomzali odandathekileyo “kusenokwenzeka ukuba babe neengxaki ngesimilo sabo, babe neengxaki zokufunda nezoontanga. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba nabo badandatheke.”
Ibipolar—Eyona Nto Yaziwa Ngayo Kukungabi Nazigqibo
Eneneni ukudandatheka ngokunzulu kuyingxaki enkulu. Kodwa xa oko kudibana nokudlamka gqitha, oko kubizwa ngokuba yibipolar.c ULucia onesi sifo uthi: “Eyona nto yaziwa ngayo ibipolar kukungabi nazigqibo.” IThe Harvard Mental Health Letter ithi, xa abantu abanebipolar bedlamke gqitha “basenokuphazamisa abanye baze babe ngqwabalala, ukungakhathali nokungazoli kwabo kusenokutshintsha ngokukhawuleza baze bacaphuke.”
ULenore ukhumbula xa wayedlamke gqitha. Uthi: “Ndandidlamke kakhulu. Abaninzi babesithi ndingumfazi onamandla angaphezu kwawemvelo. Abantu babesithi, ‘Ingathi ndingafana nawe.’ Ndandidla ngokuziva ndinamandla kakhulu, ngokungathi ndandinokwenza nantoni na. Ndandisenza umthambo ngamandla. Ndandikwazi ukwenza izinto nangona ndandingalali ngokwaneleyo—ndilala iiyure ezimbini okanye ezintathu ngosuku. Sekunjalo, ndandivuka ndisadlamkile.”
Noko ke, ekuhambeni kwexesha, uLenore waqalisa ukudakumba. Uthi: “Xa ndonwabe gqitha, ndandiyaluzela, ingathi ndishiywa ziingqondo. Ngesiquphe, laluphela ulonwabo ebendinalo ndize ndibe ndlongondlongo yaye ndifune ukutshabalalisa yonke into ephambi kwam. Ndandingxolisa umntu othile entsatsheni yam ngaphandle kwesizathu. Ndandibila ngumsindo, ndibe nenzondo ndize ndingalawuleki. Emva kwesi sihlandlo sothusayo, ndandidinwa kakhulu, ndidakumbe ndize ndidandatheke kakhulu. Ndandiziva ndingento yanto yaye ndingendawo. Kwelinye icala, ndandisenokuvuya kwakhona, ngokungathi akwenzekanga nto.”
Ukuguquguquka komntu onesifo esiyibipolar kubangela isiphithiphithi kumalungu entsapho. UMary, onomyeni onebipolar, uthi: “Ndiyadideka xa ndibona umyeni wam onwabile yaye ethetha kakhulu aze ngesiquphe adandatheke aze afune ukuba yedwa. Kunzima kakhulu ukukwamkela ukuba akanako ukuyilawula le ngxaki.”
Into exakayo kukuba, kwaesi sifo ngokuqhelekileyo siyadida—yaye sibuhlungu mhlawumbi nangaphezulu kuloo mntu ugula siso. UGloria onebipolar uthi: “Ndiyakunqwenela ukuba njengabantu abalungeleleneyo nabazinzileyo ebomini babo. Abantu abanebipolar abafane bazinze.”
Yintoni ebangela ibipolar? Isenokubangelwa yimfuza—yona inamandla nakakhulu kunokudandatheka. IAmerican Medical Association ithi: “Ngokolunye uhlolisiso lwenzululwazi, amalungu entsapho omntu onebipolar—enoba ngabazali, abantakwabo okanye abantwana baloo mntu—anamathuba aphindwe kasi-8 ukusa kwali-18 okuba abe nesi sifo. Ukongezelela, ukuba nelungu lentsapho elinebipolar kunokukwenza ube sengozini engakumbi yokuba udandatheke ngokunzulu.”
Ngokwahlukileyo ekudandathekeni, kubonakala ukuba ibipolar ichaphazela amadoda namabhinqa ngokufanayo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, idla ngokuqala xa ufikelela ebuntwini obudala, ukanti bakhona nabakwishumi elivisayo kwakunye nabantwana abaye bafunyaniswa benebipolar. Sekunjalo, kusenokuba nzima kakhulu nakwingcali ukuhlolisisa iimpawu ize ifikelele kwisigqibo esifanelekileyo. UGq. Francis Mark Mondimore weJohns Hopkins University School of Medicine ubhala esithi: “Ibipolar sesinye sezifo zengqondo ezibangela umntu aguquguquke, siba neempawu ezahlukileyo kumntu ngamnye yaye asibachaphazeli abantu ngendlela efanayo. Sinokubangela lowo ugulayo azive engonwabanga kodwa oko kuphinde kuphele kangangexesha elide—siphinde kwakhona simbangele adlamke gqitha.”
Kucacile ukuba, kunzima ukubona iingxaki zeemvakalelo yaye kunokuba nzima nangakumbi ukuphila nazo. Kodwa likho ithemba ngabo bagulayo.
[Imibhalo esemazantsi]
a Esinye sezizathu kukuba, oku kunokubangelwa kukudandatheka emva kokugqiba ukuzala okanye xa ubani eyeka ukuya exesheni. Yaye kwakhona, ngokuqhelekileyo amabhinqa adla ngokufuna uncedo lukagqirha, kuze ngaloo ndlela kufunyaniswe isifo anaso.
b Amanye amagama akula manqaku aye atshintshwa.
c Oogqirha bathi ukuba nengxaki ngeemvakalelo kudla ngokuthabatha iinyanga ezininzi. Noko ke, bathi abantu abanesi sifo baba naso ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngonyaka. Kunqabile ukuba aba bantu baguquguquke ngosuku olunye nje.
[Amagama acatshulweyo akwiphepha 6]
“Abantu abanebipolar abafane bazinze.”—UGLORIA
[Ibhokisi/Umfanekiso okwiphepha 5]
Iimpawu Zokudandatheka Ngokunzulud
● Ukudandatheka, inkoliso yosuku, phantse imihla ngemihla, ubuncinane kangangeeveki ezimbini
● Ukungabi namdla kwizinto owawuzithanda
● Ukuncipha ngomzimba okanye ukutyeba ngokuphawulekayo
● Ukulala kakhulu okanye ukungalali ngokwaneleyo
● Ukusebenza kwamalungu ngokukhawuleza okanye ngokucotha ngendlela engaqhelekanga
● Ukudinwa ngokugqithiseleyo, ngaphandle kwesizathu esibonakalayo
● Ukungazixabisi okanye uzive unetyala ngokungafanelekanga
● Ukungakwazi ukunikela ingqalelo
● Ukusoloko ufuna ukuzibulala
Ezinye zezi mpawu zinokubonisa idysthymia—ukudandatheka okungekho nzulu kodwa okuyingozi gqitha
[Umbhalo osemazantsi]
d Olu ludwe lenzelwe ukubonisa nje iimpawu eziqhelekileyo kungekhona indlela yokuzixilonga. Kwakhona, ezinye zezi mpawu zizodwa zinokuba ziimpawu zezinye iingxaki kungekhona ukudandatheka.