UMariya (Unina KaYesu)
Ingcaciso: Ngumfazi owakhethwa nguThixo waza wababalwa kakhulu nowathi wazala uYesu. Kukho abanye ooMariya abahlanu abakhankanywe eBhayibhileni. Lo wayeyinzala kaKumkani uDavide, wesizwe sakwaYuda, yaye wayeyintombi kaHeli. Xa sibaliselwa ngaye okokuqala eZibhalweni, wayeganene noYosefu, naye owayengowesizwe sakwaYuda nowayeyinzala kaDavide.
Yintoni esinokuyifunda kwingxelo yeBhayibhile engoMariya?
(1) Sisifundo sokuvuma ukuphulaphula oko uThixo akuthethayo ngezigidimi zakhe nakubeni oko sikuphulaphulayo ekuqaleni kusenokusiphazamisa okanye kubonakale kungenakwenzeka.—Luka 1:26-37.
(2) Yinkalipho yokwenza ngokuvisisana noko ubani akwazi ikukuthanda kukaThixo, ukukholosa ngokupheleleyo ngaye. (Bona uLuka 1:38. Njengoko kuboniswe kwiDuteronomi 22:23, 24, kwakunokubakho imiphumo emibi gqitha ngentombi yomYuda engatshatanga eyayinokufunyanwa ikhulelwe.)
(3) Kukuvuma kukaThixo ukusebenzisa umntu kungakhathaliseki ukuba sinjani na isikhundla sakhe ebomini.—Thelekisa uLuka 2:22-24 neLevitikus 12:1-8.
(4) Kukubalaselisa izilangazelelo zokomoya. (Bona uLuka 2:41; IZenzo 1:14. Kwakungeyomfuneko ukuba abafazi bamaYuda bahambe namadoda abo kuhambo olude oluya eYerusalem ngethuba lePasika nyaka ngamnye, kodwa uMariya wenjenjalo.)
(5) Kukuxabisa ubunyulu bokuziphatha.—Luka 1:34.
(6) Kukukhuthala ekufundiseni abantwana bakho iLizwi likaThixo. (Oku kwaboniswa koko uYesu wakwenzayo ebudaleni be-12. Bona uLuka 2:42, 46-49.)
Ngaba uMariya ngokwenyaniso wayeyintombi enyulu xa wazala uYesu?
ULuka 1:26-31 (JB) uthi kwaba “kwintombi enyulu” egama linguMariya esathi isithunywa sezulu esinguGabriyeli sathwala iindaba ezithi: “Wena uza kukhawula uze uzale unyana, yaye umele umthiye igama elinguYesu.” Koku, indinyana 34 ithi, “Wathi uMariya kwisithunywa, Kuya kuthini na ukubakho oku, ekubeni ndingazani nandoda [“ndiyintombi enyulu,” JB, “ndingazani nandoda nje: oko kukuthi enjengomyeni,” umbhalo osemazantsi weNAB; “ndingabanga nazintlobano zasini nendoda nje,” NW] nje?” UMateyu 1:22-25 wongezelela oku: “Oku konke kwenzeke ukuze kuzalisekise okwathethwayo yiNkosi ngomprofeti, isithi, Yabonani, intombi [“enyulu,” JB] le iya kumitha izale unyana, bambize ngegama elinguImanuweli, oko kukuthi ngentetho evakalayo, uThixo unathi. Wathi ke uYosefu evuke ebuthongweni, wenza ngoko besimmisele ngako isithunywa seNkosi, wamthabathela kuye umfazi wakhe; waza ke akamazi, wada wazala unyana wakhe wamazibulo; wambiza ke ngegama elinguYesu.”
Ngaba oku kusengqiqweni? Ngokuqinisekileyo kwakungento ingenakwenzeka ngoMdali, owayila amalungu omzimba okuzala, ukuba aqhamise iqanda esibelekweni sikaMariya ngendlela engeyiyo eyokwemvelo. Ngokungummangaliso, uYehova wawafudusa amandla obomi nobuntu boNyana wakhe wasezulwini nolizibulo wawazisa kwisibeleko sikaMariya. Amandla kaThixo asebenzayo, umoya wakhe oyingcwele, wakhusela ukukhula komntwana kwisibeleko sikaMariya ukuze oko kwazalwayo kube ngumntu ofezekileyo.—Luka 1:35; Yoh. 17:5.
Ngaba uMariya wahlala eyintombi enyulu?
Mat. 13:53-56: “Kwathi, akuyigqiba uYesu le mizekeliso, wanduluka khona apho. Akufika kwelakowabo, wabafundisa endlwini yabo yesikhungu, ngokokude bakhwankqiswe bathi, Lo ubuzuze phi na obu bulumko, nale misebenzi yamandla? Lo asinguye na unyana wengcibi yokwakha? Unina akuthiwa na nguMariya? Nabazalwana [a·del·phoiʹ ngesiGrike] bakhe asingooYakobi, noYose, noSimon, noYuda, yini na? Noodade [a·del·phaiʹ ngesiGrike] bakhe abakuthi apha bonke na?” (Ngokwesi sibhalo, ngaba ubuya kugqiba ngelithi uYesu wayekuphela komntwana kaMariya okanye ubuya kugqiba ngelithi wayenabo nabanye oonyana neentombi?)
INew Catholic Encyclopedia (1967, Umqu. IX, iphe. 337) iyavuma ngokubhekisele kwigama lesiGrike elithi a·del·phoiʹ nelithi a·del·phaiʹ, elisetyenziswe kuMateyu 13:55, 56, ukuba la magama “anentsingiselo yomzalwana nodade begazi ngokupheleleyo kwilizwe labathetha isiGrike bexesha loMshumayeli ibe ebeya kusuka nje athatyathwe ngokwale ntsingiselo ngumfundi wakhe ongumGrike. Ngasekupheleni kwenkulungwane yesi-4 (malunga nowama-380) uHelvidius kwincwadi ngoku engasekhoyo wabethelela esi sibakala ukuze athi uMariya wayenabanye abantwana ngaphandle kukaYesu khon’ ukuze amenze umzekelo koomama abaneentsapho ezinkulu. UJerome Ongcwele, eshukunyiswe lukholo olungokwesithethe lweCawa kubuntombi obunyulu bukaMariya obuhlala buhleli, wabhala iphecana elalichasene noHelvidius (A.D. 383) awathi kulo wanikela ingcaciso . . . esamkelwayo ngabaphengululi bamaKatolika.”
Marko 3:31-35: “Bafika ke kaloku abazalwana bakhe nonina; bathi, bemi ngaphandle, bathumela kuye bembiza. Zaye izihlwele zihleli zimphahlile; bathi kuye, Nanku unyoko nabazalwana bakho ngaphandle, bekufuna. Wabaphendula esithi, Ngubani na uma? Ngoobani na nabazalwana bam? Akuba ebasingasingile ngeenxa zonke ababehleli bemphahlile, uthi, Nanku uma nabazalwana bam. Kuba othe wakwenza ukuthanda kukaThixo, lowo ngumzalwana wam, nodade wethu, noma.” (Apha kwenziwe umahluko ocacileyo phakathi kwabazalwana bakaYesu bokwemvelo nabazalwana bakhe bokomoya, abafundi bakhe. Akukho namnye othi ukubhekiselwa kunina kaYesu kuthetha nayiphi na into eyahlukileyo koko kubhekiselwa kuko. Ngoko, ngaba kuyavisisana ukuqiqa ngelithi abazalwana bakhe bokwemvelo babengengobazalwana bakhe kodwa mhlawumbi babengabaza? Xa kusetyenziswa igama elithi izalamane kungasetyenziswanga elithi abazalwana, kuye kusetyenziswe igama elahlukileyo lesiGrike [syg·genonʹ], njengakuLuka 21:16.)
Ngaba uMariya wayengunina kaThixo?
Isithunywa sezulu esamazisayo ngozalo oluzayo nolumangalisayo asizange sithi unyana wakhe wayeya kuba nguThixo. Sathi: “Uya kuthabatha esizalweni, uzale unyana, umthiye igama elinguYESU. Yena uya kuba mkhulu, abizwe ngokuba nguNyana wOsenyangweni; . . . loo nto ingcwele izalwa nguwe iya kubizwa ngokuba nguNyana kaThixo.”—Luka 1:31-35, akekeliswe sithi.
Heb. 2:14, 17: “Ekubeni ngoko abantwana abo bengamadlelane naye ngenyama negazi, wathi naye [uYesu] ngokwakhe ngokukwanjalo wabelana nabo ngezo zinto, . . . ekuthe ngoko wafanelwa kukuba afane nabazalwana bakhe.” (Kodwa ngaba ‘ngewayefane nabazalwana bakhe ngokupheleleyo’ ukuba wayengumntu onguThixo?)
INew Catholic Encyclopedia ithi: “Ngokwenyaniso uMariya ungunina kaThixo ukuba kuzalisekiswa iimeko ezimbini: eyokuba ngokwenene ungunina kaYesu nokuba uYesu ngokwenene unguThixo.” (1967, Umqu. X, iphe. 21) IBhayibhile ithi uMariya wayengunina kaYesu, kodwa ngaba uYesu wayenguThixo? Ngenkulungwane yesine, kwithuba elide emva kokugqitywa kokubhalwa kweBhayibhile, iCawa yayila amazwi ayo kaBathathu Emnye. (New Catholic Encyclopedia, 1967, Umqu. XIV, iphe. 295; bona iphepha 39, phantsi komxholo othi “UBathathu Emnye.”) Ngelo xesha kwiSivumo Sokholo saseNicaea iCawa yathetha ngoYesu Kristu “njengoThixo ngokwenene.” Emva koko, kwiBhunga lase-Efese ngowama-431 C.E., uMariya wavakaliswa yiCawa eyiThe·o·toʹkos, gama elo elithetha “uMthwali kaThixo” okanye “uNina kaThixo.” Noko ke, elo binzana naloo ngcamango zonke azifumaneki kwisibhalo sayo nayiphi na inguqulelo yeBhayibhile. (Bona iphepha 398-402, phantsi komxholo othi “UYesu Kristu.”)
Ngaba uMariya wakhawulwa engenaso isono sangaphambili xa unina wamkhawulayo?
INew Catholic Enyclopedia (1967, Umqu. VII, iphe. 378-381) ivuma oku ngemvelaphi yale nkolelo: “ . . . Ingcamango Yokungabi Nasono Kwakhe Ekukhawulweni ayifundiswa ngokupheleleyo eZibhalweni . . . Abaseki beCawa eyiyeyona yokuqala bamjonga uMariya njengongcwele kodwa engenguye ongenasono ngokupheleleyo. . . . Akunakwenzeka ukunikela umhla ochanileyo xa kwathi kwamkelwa le nkolelo njengemfundiso esisiseko yokholo, kodwa ngenkulungwane yesi-8 okanye yesi-9 kubonakala ukuba yayamkelwe ngokubanzi. . . . [Ngowe-1854 uPopu Pius IX wayichaza le mfundiso] ‘ethi eyona Ntombi Inyulu Nesikelelekileyo enguMariya yakhuselwa kulo lonke ichaphaza lesono sangaphambili Ekukhawulweni kwayo okokuqala.’” Le nkolelo yaqinisekiswa yiVatican II (1962-1965).—The Documents of Vatican II (New York, 1966), eyahlelwa nguW. M. Abbott, S.J., iphe. 88.
IBhayibhile ithi: “Ngenxa yoko, njengokuba isono sangena ngamntu mnye [uAdam] ehlabathini, kwangena ke ukufa ngaso isono; kwaza ngokunjalo ukufa kwabatyhutyha abantu bonke, ekubeni bonke bonayo.” (Roma 5:12, akekeliswe sithi.) Ngaba oko kuquka noMariya? IBhayibhile ithi ngokuvisisana nemfuneko yoMthetho kaMoses, kwiintsuku ezingama-40 emva kokuzalwa kukaYesu uMariya wanikela etempileni eYerusalem idini lesono ukwenzela ukuhlanjululwa ekungcoleni. Naye, wayesizuz’ ilifa isono nokungafezeki kuAdam.—Luka 2:22-24; Lev. 12:1-8.
Ngaba uMariya wenyukela ezulwini enomzimba wakhe wenyama?
Igqabaza ngamazwi awathethwa nguPopu Pius XII ngowe-1950 owenza le mfundiso yaba yinkolelo esisiseko nengokomthetho kumaKatolika, iNew Catholic Encyclopedia (1967, Umqu. I, iphe. 972) ithi: “Ukunyuka kwakhe enomzimba wenyama akukhankanywa eBhayibhileni, kanti uPopu uzingisa ngokuvakalisa ukuba iZibhalo zisisiseko sokugqibela sale nyaniso.”
IBhayibhile ithi: “Inyama negazi azinako ukubudla ilifa ubukumkani bukaThixo; nokonakala akunakukudla ilifa ukungonakali.” (1 Kor. 15:50) UYesu wathi “uThixo unguMoya.” Ekuvukeni kwakhe uYesu waphinda waba ngumoya, ngeli thuba esiba “ngumoya odlisa ubomi.” Izithunywa zezulu ziyimimoya. (Yoh. 4:24; 1 Kor. 15:45; Heb. 1:13, 14) Sisiphi isizinzi esingokweZibhalo sokuthi nabani na ebeya kufumana ubomi basezulwini ekumzimba ofuna imekobume ebonakalayo yasemhlabeni ukuze uqhubeke uphila? (Bona iphepha 368-370, phantsi komxholo othi “UVuko.”)
Ngaba kufanelekile ukubhekisa imithandazo kuMariya njengomlamli?
UYesu Kristu wathi: “Thandazani ngoko nina nenjenje: Bawo wethu osemazulwini, . . . ” Kwakhona wathi: “Ndim indlela, ndim inyaniso, ndim ubomi; akukho namnye uzayo kuBawo, engezi ngam. . . . Ukuba nithe nacela into ngegama lam, ndoyenza mna.”—Mat. 6:9; Yoh. 14:6, 14, akekeliswe sithi.
Ngaba imithandazo eya kuBawo ngoYesu Kristu iya kwamkelwa ngokuqonda nangemfesane enkulu njengoko ibiya kwamkelwa ukuba ibhekiswe kuthile obefumene amava afana nawabafazi? Ithetha ngoBawo, iBhayibhile isixelela oku: “Kunjengokusikwa yimfesane koyise kubantwana, ukusikwa yimfesane kukaYehova kwabamoyikayo. Ngokuba uyakwazi yena ukubunjwa kwethu, ekhumbula ukuba siluthuli.” ‘UnguThixo onemfesane, onobabalo, ozeka kade umsindo, omninzi ngenceba nenyaniso.’ (INdu. 103:13, 14; Eks. 34:6) Ibe kubhalwe oku ngoKristu: “Kuba asinambingeleli mkhulu ungenako ukuvelana nezilwelwe zethu; ke, sinowahendwayo ngeento zonke, ngokufana nathi, engenasono. Masisondele ke ngoko sinokungafihlisi kuyo itrone yobabalo, ukuze samkeliswe inceba, sifumane ubabalo lokusiza ngexesha elililo.”—Heb. 4:15, 16.
Ngaba ukunqulwa kwemifanekiso eqingqiweyo kaMariya kuyavisisana nobuKristu beBhayibhile?
Olu qheliselo ngokuqinisekileyo lwakhuthazwa yiVatican II (1962-1965). “Le Sinodi iyeyona ingcwele . . . iyala bonke oonyana beCawa ngelokuba olu nqulo, ingakumbi unqulo olungokwesithethe, lweNtombi Enyulu Esikelelekileyo, lwenziwe ngokupheleleyo. Iyalela ukuba uqheliselo nokuzinikela kuye kube yinto exatyisiweyo njengoko kwanconyelwayo ligunya elifundisayo leCawa ekuqhubekeni kweenkulungwane, nokuba loo mimiselo yakhutshwayo kumaxesha angaphambili ngokunqulwa kwemifanekiso eqingqiweyo kaKristu, iNtombi Enyulu Esikelelekileyo, neengcwele, igcinwe ngokonqulo.”—The Documents of Vatican II, iphe. 94, 95.
Ukuze ubone impendulo yeBhayibhile koku, bona umxholo othi “ImiFanekiso Eqingqiweyo,” iphepha 110-114.
Ngaba uMariya wazukiswa ngokukhethekileyo kwibandla lamaKristu lenkulungwane yokuqala?
Umpostile uPetros akamkhankanyi ngokupheleleyo kwiincwadi zakhe eziphefumlelweyo. Umpostile uPawulos akazange alikhankanye igama lakhe kwiincwadi zakhe eziphefumlelweyo kodwa wathetha ngaye kuphela ‘njengenkazana’—Gal. 4:4.
Nguwuphi umzekelo uYesu awawumiselayo ekuthetheni ngonina?
Yoh. 2:3, 4: “Kuthe ke, bakuphelelwa yiwayini [kumgidi womtshato eKana], wathi unina kaYesu kuye, Abanawayini. Uthi uYesu kuye, Yintoni na enam nawe, mfazi [“Mfazi, kutheni usiza kum nje,” JB]? Alikafiki ilixa lam.” (Xa uYesu wayengumntwana wayezithobile kunina nakusingayise. Kodwa ngeli thuba njengoko wayekhulile ngobubele nangokuqinileyo walugatya ulwalathiso lukaMariya. UMariya ngokuthobekileyo wasamkela isiluleko.)
Luka 11:27, 28: “Ke kaloku kwathi, ekuzithetheni kwakhe [uYesu] ezi zinto, intokazi ethile yaliphakamisa izwi layo esihlweleni eso, yathi kuye, Sinoyolo isizalo esakubambayo, namabele owawanyayo. Uthe ke yena, Yithi kanye, Banoyolo abo balivayo ilizwi likaThixo baligcine.” (Ngokuqinisekileyo oku ngekwaba lithuba elihle ngoYesu lokunikela imbeko ekhethekileyo kunina ukuba oko kwakufanelekile. Akazange enjenjalo.)
Iyintoni imvelaphi engokwembali yokunqulwa kukaMariya?
Umfundisi wamaKatolika uAndrew Greenley uthi: “UMariya ungomnye wemiqondiso eyiyeyona inamandla engokonqulo kwimbali yehlabathi laseNtshona . . . Umqondiso kaMariya unxibelelanisa ubuKristu ngokuthe ngqo neenkonzo zamandulo zoothixokazi ababengoomama.”—The Making of the Popes 1978 (U.S.A., 1979), iphe. 227.
Into ebangel’ umdla yindawo apho imfundiso yokuba uMariya unguMama kaThixo yaqinisekiswa khona. “IBhunga lase-Efese lahlanganisana kwiholo yecawa eTheotokos ngowama-431. Apho, ingakumbi kwisixeko esasidume kakubi ngokunqula uArtemis, okanye uDiana njengoko amaRoma ayembiza njalo, apho kwakusithiwa umfanekiso wakhe oqingqiweyo wawuwe uvela ezulwini, kufutshane netempile enkulu eyayinikelwe kuMagna Mater ukususela ngowama-330 B.C. ibe ngokwesithethe, neyayinendawo yokuhlala uMariya okomzuzwana, ibinzana elithi ‘UMthwali kaThixo’ kwakunokuba ngenkankulu ukuba lisilele ukuxhaswa.”—The Cult of the Mother-Goddess (New York, 1959), E. O. James, iphe. 207.
Ukuba Ubani Uthi—
‘Ngaba uyakholelwa kuMariya oyiNtombi enyulu?’
Usenokuphendula uthi: ‘IZibhalo Ezingcwele ngokucacileyo zithi unina kaYesu Kristu wayeyintombi enyulu, ibe siyakukholelwa oko. UThixo wayenguYise kaYesu. Umntwana owazalwayo ngokwenyaniso wayenguNyana kaThixo, kanye njengokuba isithunywa sezulu samxelelayo uMariya. (Luka 1:35)’ Mhlawumbi usenokongeza uthi: ‘Kodwa ngaba wakha wazibuza isizathu sokuba kwakubaluleke kangaka ukuba uYesu azalwe ngaloo ndlela? . . . Kuphela kungaloo ndlela ekwakunokuthi kulungiselelwe intlawulelo efanelekileyo eyayiya kubangela kube nokwenzeka ukukhululwa kwethu kwisono nokufa.—1 Tim. 2:5, 6; mhlawumbi kwanoYohane 3:16.’
Okanye unokuthi: ‘Ewe, siyakholelwa. Sikholelwa yonk’ into iZibhalo Ezingcwele eziyithethayo ngaye, ibe ngokuqinisekileyo zithi wazala uYesu eyintombi enyulu. Kwakhona ndizifumanisa zifudumez’ intliziyo gqitha kwanezinye izinto ezisixelela ngoMariya nezifundo esinokuzifunda kuye. (Sebenzisa umbandela okwiphepha 184, 185.)’
‘Nina anikholelwa kuMariya iNtombi enyulu’
Usenokuphendula uthi: ‘Ndiyaqonda ukuba kukho abantu abangakholelwayo ukuba kwakuyintombi enyulu eyazala uNyana kaThixo. Kodwa siyakukholelwa oko. (Vula enye yeencwadi zethu kwicandelo elixubusha ngalo mbandela uze ubonise umninimzi.)’ Mhlawumbi usenokongeza uthi: ‘Kodwa ngaba kukho nantoni na efuneka ngokungakumbi ukuba siza kuzuza usindiso? . . . Phawula okwathethwa nguYesu emthandazweni awayewubhekisa kuYise. (Yoh. 17:3)’