IFrench Guiana
Ishinyene ngamahlathi kuyo yonk’ indawo, kanye njengesithabazi sethaf’ elikhulu eliluhlaza elithe rhwelele ukusuka kwiiNtaba zeTumuc-Humac ezikumazantsi oLwandlekazi lweAtlantiki ukusa emantla. Inqumla apho kanye kuloo ntshinyela yehlathi imilambo iMaroni neOyapock esuka emazantsi yenjenjeya ukusa emantla ngaphambi kokuba iye kuthululela elwandle. Ilizwe eliphakathi kwale milambo yiFrench Guiana.
Iimvula zalapho ezina ixesha elingaphezu kwesiqingatha sonyaka, zenza loo meko-bume ibe yeyenileyo. Kodwa ababaninzi abantu abangenayo kumbindi welo lizwe. Zimbalwa iindlela ezikude nonxweme ezifanelekileyo, yaye iingxangxasana ezikuloo milambo zenza kube nzima ukuhamba ngephenyane. Amagama ezo ngxangxasana abonisa ubungozi bazo—iSaut Fracas (iNgxangxasana Etshabalalisayo), iGros Saut (iNgxangxasana Enkulu), iSaut Tambour (iNgxangxasana Egqumayo), iSaut Laissé Dédé (iNgxangxasana Ekushiya Ufile), iA Dieu Vat’ (Kuphelile Ngawe).
Elo hlathi lineendidi ezingaphezu kwewaka zemithi, iintyatyambo ezintle nezinye izityalo ezichumayo kwindawo efumileyo. Zingaphezu kwe-170 iintlobo zezilwanyana ezanyisayo, zingama-720 iintlobo zeentaka, nentlaninge engenakubalwa yeentlobo zezinambuzane ezihlala apho. Kukho iianaconda ezinkulu, iicaiman (uhlobo oluthile lwengwenya), izingwe neeanteater, kodwa azisoloko zibonakala, kuba zizimela ngokukhawuleza xa zisiva ukuba kukho umntu ozayo. Kwimilimandlela naphezu kwaloo milambo, kudakasa amabhabhathane anombala oqaqambileyo oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, neentaka ezinemibala emihle zindanda ukusuka komnye umthi ukuya komnye.
Kanye njengokuba injalo imibala yezityalo nezilwanyana zasendle, banjalo ukwahluka abantu nezithethe zalapho. Iidolophana zamaIndiya aseMerika zithe saa zigudle unxweme nemilambo. Abemi balapho baquka amaGalibi, ama-Arawak, amaPalicur, amaWayana, amaEmerillon namaOyampi.
Uninzi lwabemi beli lizwe lincinane laseMzantsi Merika luthontelene ngaselunxwemeni nakwisixeko esilikomkhulu, iCayenne. Ngasemlanjeni kumda weSuriname kuhlala iiBush Negro, inzala yamakhoboka awabhacayo awayethatyathwe eAfrika aya kusetyenziswa emasimini. Athetha ingxubevange yolwimi olubizwa ngokuba sisiSranantongo. Malunga neminyaka elikhulu eyadlulayo, abaphambukeli baseAsia bafika bevela eSingapore, eVietnam naseTshayina. Ngowe-1977 kwagaleleka amaHmong njengeembacu zezobupolitika evela eLaos. Ukufika kwabo bemi baseAsia, kwafika nabaphambukeli abangaphezu kwe-150 000, ngaphezu kwesiqingatha sabemi balapho abasuka eMartinique, eGuadeloupe, eHaiti, eBrazil, eSuriname, eDominican Republic, eSaint Lucia, eLebanon, ePeru, nakwiidolophu zaseFransi.
Ubomi Obungaginyekiyo
Abemi baseYurophu bokuqala bafika apho malunga nonyaka we-1500, kodwa bafa namthanyana kumalinge abo okuqala okuhlala kwelo lizwe. Imeko-bume yalapho ayizange ibaphathe kakuhle. Noko ke, loo mmandla uyiFrench Guiana ngoku waba lithanga laseFransi ngenkulungwane ye-17. Kamva, amabanjwa awayegwetywe ixesha elide ayethunyelwa apho esuka eFransi ukuze aye kusebenza kwiintolongo ekusetyenzwa kuzo ezifana neCayenne, eKourou neSaint-Laurent. Amabanjwa ezobupolitika ayethunyelwa kwiDevil’s Island, apho kwakusinda inani elincinane kuphela. Ezo nkampu zamabanjwa sele zavalwa kudala. Ngoku, iKourou liziko lesatellite yaseYurophu. Nangona iFrench Guiana ikumgama weekhilomitha ezingama-7 100 ukusuka eYurophu, isesisithili esisemthethweni solawulo lweFransi, icandelo lolawulo lwaseFransi ngaphesheya kweelwandle, ngaloo ndlela ikwayinxalenye yoManyano lweYurophu.
Kwisiqingatha sokugqibela senkulungwane ye-19, phantse kwiminyaka engama-300 emva kokuba uSir Walter Raleigh wachaza ukuba kukho isixeko segolide kwelo lizwe, ekugqibeleni yada yafunyanwa igolide. Ngeminyaka yee-1920, phezu kwazo nje iingozi, amadoda amalunga nama-10 000 awayefuna igolide ngamehlo abomvu azibetha phakathi kuloo ntshinyela yehlathi enethemba lokufumana ubutyebi ngokukhawuleza.
Kwandula ke kwafika abanye abantu nabo ababenaloo nkalipho yayifuneka ukuze bajamelane neenzingo zobomi baseFrench Guiana. Noko ke, bona abo vulindlela babeze kupha, kungekhona ukwamkela.
Imbewu Yenyaniso YeBhayibhile Iyatyalwa
Loo magorha oovulindlela eza neendaba ezilungileyo zeLizwi likaThixo. Axelela abantu ngenjongo kaThixo yokuphelisa ukugula nokufa, eyokunceda abantu bazo zonke iintlanga bahlale kunye njengabazalwana, neyokwenza umhlaba ube yiparadesi. (Isa. 2:3, 4; 25:8; 33:24; ISityhi. 7:9, 10) Babenesabelo kumsebenzi owaxelwa kwangaphambili nguYesu Kristu xa wathi ezi ndaba zilungileyo zoBukumkani bukaThixo zaziya kushunyayelwa “kuwo wonke umhlaba omiweyo kube bubungqina kuzo zonke iintlanga” ngaphambi kokuba kufike ukuphela. (Mat. 24:14) Lo msebenzi ubalulekileyo wokushumayela wafikelela eFrench Guiana ngowe-1946. Inkoliso yamaNgqina kaYehova okuqala ukufika eFrench Guiana yayivela kuloo maziko olawulo lweFransi angaphesheya kweelwandle afana neGuadeloupe neMartinique evela naseDutch Guiana (ngoku eyaziwa ngokuba yiSuriname), engasentshona.
Imbewu yokuqala yatyalwa nguMzalwan’ uOlga Laaland, umlungiseleli onenzondelelo waseGuadeloupe. NgoDisemba wowe-1945 waya kubona unina nabaninawa bakhe ababehlala kufutshane noMlambo iMana kumbindi weFrench Guiana. Ukuze aye kufika kuloo lali kanina kwakufuneka ahambe iintsuku eziliqela ngephenyane. Endleleni wayesebenzisa kakuhle loo mathuba okuphumla ebusuku—kwezo zindlu zincinane zivulekileyo zifulelwe ngamagqabi emithi yesundu—ukuze ashumayele aze ahambise noncwadi lweBhayibhile. Ukufika kwakhe kuloo lali kanina, iHaut Souvenir wabelana ngovuyo nentsapho yakhe ngeendaba ezilungileyo zoBukumkani. Okwamothusayo nokwamdanisayo kukuba, bambiza ngokuba yidemon. Kuloo meko imaxongo, ngowe-1946 wabhiyozela iSikhumbuzo sokufa kukaYesu nabaninawa bakhe kuphela. Ephenjelelwe ngumfundisi, kungekudala unina wamgxotha emthuka esithi: “Iidemon azinakuhlala apha kwam!” Noko ke, loo ntsabelo kanina ingentle ayizange iyiphelise inzondelelo yakhe.
Xa wayebuyela emva, wayeshumayela xa besima kwimigodi yegolide nakwiidegrads, okanye iindawo zentengiso. Ngobunye ubusuku ekunye namanye amadoda babelele kwelinye inqugwala elunxwemeni lomlambo. Kwana imvula enkulu eyawisa umthi omkhulu ngesandi esoyikekayo. Ngenxa yokothuka, uOlga waziphosa emanzini, engazi ukuba loo manzi ayezele ngookrebe. Xa waphuma engenawo nomkrwelo, loo madoda athi umele ukuba unamandla obuthixo, ngoko ke amhlonela ngokunzulu. Oku kwabangela ukuba amphulaphule kakuhle kweso sigidimi sakhe.
Ekugqibeleni uMzalwan’ uLaaland waya kufika eMana, idolophana enabemi abangama-800 kuNxweme lweAtlantiki. Kwiinyanga zakhe ezintandathu zokuqala elapho, walungiselela iintlanganiso yaye rhoqo wayefundisa abantu abalishumi inyaniso yeBhayibhile ezisa inkululeko yokwenyaniso. (Yoh. 8:32) Abantu babemqhula ngokuthi nguPère Paletot (uTat’ uBhatyi) kuba wayedla ngokunxiba ibhatyi, ngokwahlukileyo kumfundisi walapho ababembiza ngokuba nguTat’ Ulokhwe. Nangona laphelayo uncwadi lukaMzalwan’ uLaaland, wayenikela iintetho zesidlangalala yaye eshumayela ngenzondelelo kubo bonke abo babephulaphula. Njengesithethi esikhaliphileyo wayengabi madolw’ anzima ukuba neengxubusho ezishushu nabefundisi balapho.
Phantse kwiminyaka emibini emva kokutyelela unina, uMzalwan’ uLaaland wabuyela eGuadeloupe. Akukho bani wabhaptizwa ngenxa yoko kushumayela kwakhe, kodwa wayetyale imbewu eninzi. Isiqhamo soko sasiza kufumaneka kamva.
Abasebenzi Abavela Kumazwe Ahlukeneyo
Ngowe-1956 iWatch Tower Society yacela uWim van Seijl wesebe laseSuriname ukuba aye eFrench Guiana. Usichazela athi: “Sihamba ngenqwelo-moya encinane sasuka eSaint-Laurent saya eCayenne saza sahlala apho kangangeeveki ezintathu kwihotele encinane. Sasebenza inxalenye enkulu yaseCayenne ngencwadi ethi La Vie Eternelle [Everlasting Life], sihambisa amakhulu emibhalo yayo. Ngokuqinisekileyo apho kwakukho umdla, kodwa ngenxa yokungazi kwethu isiFrentshi kwaba nzima ukuqalisa izifundo. Intshayelelo yethu kwindlu ngendlu yayisithi: ‘Izolo sifike eCayenne ngenqwelo-moya size kushumayela iindaba ezilungileyo.’ Nasemva kweeveki ezimbini, sasiqalisa ngokuthi ‘Izolo sifike eCayenne’ ekubeni yayikuphela kwentshayelelo esasiyazi ngesiFrentshi! Kwiholo yemiboniso endala eyayingasasetyenziswa, sabonisa umboniso bhanyabhanya othi The New World Society in Action. Yaguqulelwa ngomnye umntu kwisipatois yaza emva koko yaguqulelwa kwisiFrentshi lelinye ibhinqa.” Kwakukho umdla ophawulekayo, kodwa wawuza kuhlakulelwa njani?
Kwafika amaNgqina angakumbi aseSuriname eze kunceda. Phakathi kwawo kwakukho uPaul Naarendorp noCecyl noNel Pinas. Babeliqela ababethetha isiFrentshi kwabo bezayo.
Uncedo lwafumaneka nakwindawo olwalungalindelekanga kuyo. EDunkerque, eFransi, kwakukho intsapho eyayifunda iBhayibhile. Yaba ngunyana wayo uChristian Bonecaze owayeneminyaka eli-16 kuphela owaqhubeka ebonisa umdla. Xa loo ntsapho yafudukela eCayenne, uChristian wathetha nabo wayefunda nabo ngezinto awayezifunde eBhayibhileni. Omnye wabonisa umdla, yaye noodade wabo abathathu benjenjalo. UChristian wabhalela uMbutho ecela uncedo.
Malunga nelo xesha, uXavier noSara Noll babuyela eMartinique emva kokuphumelela kwabo kwiSikolo saseGiliyadi ngowe-1958. UMbutho wacela uMzalwan’ uNoll ukuba aye eFrench Guiana ukuze ancede elo qela lincinane. Yayiluhambo lweentsuku ezilishumi ngephenyane elincinane, yaye abakwaXavier kwakufuneka balale kumgangatho walo.
Ukufika kwakhe eCayenne, uMzalwan’ uNoll wamkelwa ngobubele ngabo bantu babenomdla. Bamcela ukuba anandiphe nabo izidlo zakhe logama elapho, yaye bamlungiselela negumbi elitofotofo kwihotele yomntu owayesakuba libanjwa. Yonk’ imihla uMzalwan’ uNoll wayeqhuba isifundo seBhayibhile neengxubusho zokomoya noChristian naloo ntsapho yayinobubele obungathethekiyo. Lwaya lusiba nzulu ngakumbi ulwazi lwabo ngeBhayibhile. Kwiiveki ezimbalwa nje kuphela, uChristian wavakalisa umnqweno wokubhaptizwa, yaye wenjenjalo nomhlobo wakhe noodadewabo ababini. Nangona imvula yatsho uMzalwan’ uNoll akakwazi ukunikela loo ntetho yobhaptizo kwelo chibi njengoko kwakucetyiwe, wayinikela kwelo qela ngoxa babehleli apho kuloo nqwelo-mafutha yabo incinane. Emva koko baqhubeka nobhaptizo, olokuqala ukuqhutywa ngamaNgqina kaYehova eFrench Guiana.
Ebudeni bokuhlala kwakhe kwelo lizwe, uMzalwan’ uNoll walisebenzisa kakuhle ixesha lakhe kubulungiseleli basentsimini. Kwiveki nje enye waphantsa wahambisa lonke uncwadi lwakhe. Wagcina iphephancwadi elinye nje kuphela ukuze ababonise lona abantu abafuna umrhumo. Kwiiveki ezintathu nje kuphela wafumana imirhumo engama-70, kuquka eliqela yesiTshayina. Wayekucacisa njani oko ngesiTshayina? Wayebonisa umfanekiso weqela laloo klasi yakhe kwiSikolo saseGiliyadi, alathe kubafundi abangamaTshayina balo klasi aze asebenzise izimbo zomzimba. Uthi: “Oko kwasebenza kakuhle.” Phakathi kwabo wanikela kubo ubungqina nguMichel Valard, owayenomninawa ongumfundisi kodwa yena ezingela igolide kumbindi welo lizwe. Emva kokuba uMzalwan’ uNoll emkile apho, uChristian Bonecaze wakhokela kumsebenzi welo qela lincinane laseCayenne.
Kungekudala emva koko, ngowe-1960 isebe laseGuadeloupe labelwa ukuba longamele ukushunyayelwa kweendaba ezilungileyo eFrench Guiana. Hayi indlela ekwaba yingenelo ngayo ukuba bafumane uncedo olungakumbi rhoqo! Isiseko sasibekiwe, yaye ngoku kwakufanele kwandiswe. Ngelo xesha ngowe-1960, kwathunyelwa uOctave Thélise waseMartinique ukuba aye kukhonza njengovulindlela okhethekileyo. Watyelela abo babenemirhumo yamaphephancwadi ethu nabo babenezinye iimpapasho zeWatch Tower. Kwakuloo nyaka, uThéophanie Victor naye owayevela eMartinique, wafudukela eFrench Guiana esiya kukhonza apho, yaye kungekudala wabelwa ukuba nguvulindlela okhethekileyo.
Ngaphambi koko, ngowe-1954, uMnu. van Pardo, umfo ongumDatshi, nomfazi wakhe ongummi waseMartinique bafudukela eParamaribo, eSuriname, apho umfazi wakhe wadibana namaNgqina. Kunyaka olandelayo, bafudukela eSaint-Laurent, ngaphesheya nje koMlambo iMaroni owahlula iSuriname kwiFrench Guiana. AmaNgqina amabini aseSuriname, uMzalwan’ uPinas noMzalwan’ uLibreto babewela uMlambo iMaroni ngephenyana rhoqo emva kweenyanga ezintathu kangangeminyaka emihlanu besiya kunceda eso sibini ukuze simazi ngakumbi uYehova nezinto azifunayo. NgoDisemba wowe-1960, kwindibano eyayiseParamaribo, eSuriname, xa wayetyelele apho uMilton Henschel ovela kwikomkhulu lehlabathi leWatch Tower Society, eso sibini sakwaVan Pardo nabanye ababini baseFrench Guiana sabhaptizwa.
NgoMeyi 1961, uNicolas Brisart, umveleli wesebe waseGuadeloupe, watyelela elo qela labavakalisi abali-16 baseCayenne ukuze abe nenxaxheba kwindibano yesiphaluka yokuqala apho. Ukongezelela koko, wabonisa umboniso bhanyabhanya othi The Happiness of the New World Society kubantu abangama-250. Intsabelo yabo entle yamshukumisela ukuba ababonise omnye othi—The New World Society in Action. Kwabakho intsabelo efanayo xa loo miboniso bhanyabhanya yaboniswa eSaint-Laurent. Isekela likasodolophu waseSaint-Laurent lachukumiseka kangangokuba lathi: “Kokokuqala ebomini bam ukubona into efana nale.” Ngoxa wayexhawula abazalwana, wabuza: “Niye nayicela kusodolophu imvume yokusebenzisa iholo yedolophu ukubonisa lo mboniso bhanyabhanya? Ndiza kuthetha naye ngomso.” Bayifumana imvume kungekhona ukuze babonise loo miboniso bhanyabhanya nje kuphela kodwa nokuze banikele intetho yesidlangalala yeBhayibhile rhoqo ngokuhlwa. Bebonke yaba ngabantu abangaphezu kwama-500 ababona loo miboniso bhanyabhanya yoMbutho baza beva nezo ntetho zisekelwe eBhayibhileni ebudeni bolo tyelelo lungalibalekiyo. Elo sekela likasodolophu lathi: “Sifuna abantu abafana nani maNgqina kaYehova.” Malunga neminyaka emibini kamva ngoMatshi wowe-1963, kwasekwa ibandla lokuqala lamaNgqina kaYehova eCayenne. Iintlanganiso zaziqhutyelwa kwindlwana encinane esekupheleni kweso sixeko kwindawo ekuthiwa yiPetit Monaco.
Indlela Eyafikelela Ngayo Kubo Inyaniso
Phakathi kwabo babekwelo bandla lokuqala kwakukho uMzalwana noDade Sylvestre, bobabini bevela eMartinique. Kwenzeka njani ukuze babe ngamaNgqina kaYehova? Ngenye imini ngowe-1952 xa uNksz. Sylvestre wayesiya evenkileni, wabonwa ngomnye owayesakuba libanjwa kunye naye kwiDevil’s Island waza wamcela ukuba athabathe ezinye iincwadi azinike umyeni wakhe. Ukuba zazivela phi ezo ncwadi, wayengazi, kodwa yayiziimpapasho zeWatch Tower. Wayesazi ukuba umyeni wakhe uyathanda ukuzifunda, ngoko ke wagoduka nazo. Ukhumbula oku: “Njengoko ndandizibeka phezu kwetafile, ndabona umxholo othi ‘UThixo Makabe Nenyaniso.’ Kwangoko ndaba nomdla kule ncwadi ithetha ngoThixo. Ukufika komyeni wam ekhaya, ndambalisela ngoko ndiye ndakufunda ngegama likaThixo, ukunqulwa kwezithixo kwanoko sasikuko ngokwenene isiqhamo esalelweyo. Ndandingazange ndive ngezinto ezinjalo. Ngokukhawuleza ndeyiseka ukuba leyo yinyaniso. Ngoko nangoko, ndayeka ukuya kwiintlanganiso zonqulo lwam. Nangona ndandingekaze ndidibane namaNgqina, ndaqalisa ukuthetha nabahlobo bam ngoko ndandikufunda kule ncwadi, yaye ndakhuthaza bonke abo babekufuphi nam ukuba bayifunde. Kwiminyaka esithoba kamva, kwafika elinye inenekazi, uThéophanie Victor kwam landinika amaphephancwadi amabini kaVukani! Njengoko lalihamba, ndalibuza unqulo lwalo. Laphendula lathi ‘YiNtlangano YamaNgqina KaYehova.’ Ndikhwaza ndathi: ‘Heke, bendisoloko ndinilindele kangangeminyaka esithoba! Ngaba singalungiselela ithuba lokuphinda sibonane?’” Ekuhambeni kwexesha, yena nomyeni wakhe balumela ngokuqinileyo unqulo lukaYehova.
UMichel Valard, ngaphambilana owadibana noXavier Noll esemsebenzini wakhe, naye wayephakathi kwabo bamkela inyaniso xa kwakusekho amaNgqina ambalwa kwelo lizwe. Xa waqalisa ukuya kwiintlanganiso zamaNgqina, waya eqonda ukuba ufumana iimpendulo ezanelisayo kwimibuzo yakhe. UDade Victor wacela ukufunda naye iBhayibhile, yaye wasamkela ngoko nangoko, kodwa uJeanne, umfazi wakhe wayicaphukela loo nto. Ngenxa yoko kwakufuneka afundele phandle. Sekunjalo, wayeqinisekile ukuba oko wayekufunda kuyinyaniso, yaye wayefuna ukwabelana ngako noJeanne. Ngoko ke, kumaphephancwadi wayekhetha amanqaku athile awayesazi ukuba aza kubangela umdla kuye awabeke kwindawo aza kuwabona kuyo. Ekugqibeleni, naye wavuma ukuqhutyelwa isifundo seBhayibhile yaye bobabini babhaptizwa ngowe-1963. Nabantwana babo bayamkela inyaniso, yaye omnye wabo, uJean-Daniel Michotte (unyana kaJeanne awamfumana ngaphambi kokuba atshate noMichel Valard), ukhonza njengelungu leKomiti yeSebe.
Kuxa wayefunda eFransi awathi uPaul Chong Wing, umfundisi-ntsapho oselula waseFrench Guiana, wadibana namaNgqina. Wayephazanyiswe yimeko yehlabathi nesimo sengqondo sabantu. Wakha wangumlandeli kaFreemason, kodwa olo nqulo aluzange luyiphendule loo mibuzo yayimxakanisile. Wayedla ngokuzixelela ukuba nokuba kuphi na imele ukuba ikho inyaniso, yaye wenza isigqibo sokuyifuna. Ukudibana kwakhe namaNgqina kaYehova kwamqinisekisa ukuba uyifumene. Ukubuyela kwakhe eFrench Guiana, wadibana noMichel Valard, yaye okwamvuyisa kakhulu kukufumanisa ukuba kukho iHolo yoBukumkani kufuphi nekhaya lakhe. Wabhaptizwa ngowe-1964, yena umfazi wakhe kunyaka olandelayo. Wenza inkqubela ngokukhawuleza. Emabandleni kwakufuneka amadoda anokuphathiswa iimbopheleleko navumayo kangangokuba wamiselwa ukuba abe sisicaka sebandla kunyaka omnye kuphela emva koko. Wanceda ekumiseleni iqela lamabandla. Ngoku ukhonza njengelungu leKomiti yeSebe.
Ukuxhasa Abavakalisi Abakwanti
Ibandla laseCayenne lalilikhulu, kodwa abavakalisi balapho abazange baphelelise imigudu yabo kwintsimi yasekuhlaleni. Ngeempela-veki abazalwana baseCayenne babetyelela ngokuphindaphindiweyo apho ukuze baxhase loo maqela mancinane abavakalisi abakwanti eSaint-Laurent, eMana, naseIracoubo. Ucwangciso lolo hambo lwalusoloko luxakekile. Kuqala bagudla unxweme ngenqwelo-mafutha besuka eCayenne besiya eSaint-Laurent, kumda weSuriname. Ngokuhlwa ngentsimbi yesi-6:00 ngoMgqibelo, kwaqhutywa intlanganiso yentetho yesidlangalala neSifundo seMboniselo. Emva kokuchitha ubusuku apho, benjenjeya ukusinga emantla besiya eMana ukuze baqalise intlanganiso apho ngentsimbi yesi-8:00 kusasa. Emva kwesidlo sasemini kuloo ndlela ibuyela eCayenne, bamisa eIracoubo ukuze baqhubeke nolo cwangciso lunye beqalisa ngentsimbi yesi-3:00 emva kwemini. Emva koko bagoduka besiya eCayenne.
Ezo mpela-veki zazixakeke kakhulu, kodwa abo babenenxaxheba kuzo abazange balibale. Uhambo oluya apho lwaluziikhilomitha ezingama-250 ize iphinde ibe ngumgama ofanayo ukubuya. Iindlela yayizezomhlaba yaye zazizele yimingxuma. Emva kwezantyalantyala zemvula, loo ndlela yayisiba nezikhukula de ngaxa lithile loo manzi enyuke abe yimitha. Abazalwana kwakufuneka balinde kangangeeyure ukuze loo manzi athothe ngaphambi kokuba baqhubeke. Kwakufuneka iinqwelo-mafutha ezintlanu okanye ezintandathu zilandelelane kuba loo mingxuma isendleleni yayinzulu kangangokuba iinqwelo-mafutha zazidla ngokuxinga. Xa kwenzeka oko, abazalwana kwafuneka bagawul’ imithi emincinane ehlathini bondlala iziqu zayo phezu kwaloo mingxuma. Emva koko wonk’ ubani watyhala ezo nqwelo-mafutha ukuze ziwele apho. Inqwelo-mafutha eyawela kuqala kuloo mngxuma mkhulu yanceda ekutsaleni ezinye zidlule. Balityaziswa nakukulinda amaphenyane aza kubaweza imilambo eKourou naseMana. Ngoxa belindile, abazalwana bahlaselwa ziingcongconi, kodwa basebenzisa elo xesha behambisa amaphephancwadi kubantu abadlulayo.
Loo maqela abavakalisi akwanti ayesakheka ngeyona ndlela ngaloo matyelelo, yaye ukubonisa kwawo umbulelo kwakubudlula lee nabuphi na ubunzima awayejamelana nabo kolo hambo. Yayingengawo odwa angenelwayo. Nabazalwana baseCayenne babekhuthazwa gqitha ngumoya wokubuk’ iindwendwe nenzondelelo eyayiboniswa nguMzalwana noDade van Pardo, uDade Fantan, uDade Barthebin, noDade Defreitas. Kamva kwenziwa amalungiselelo okuba uMzalwana noDade Fléreau baseGuadeloupe baye kukhonza njengoovulindlela abakhethekileyo kuloo ndawo, yaye benza umsebenzi obalaseleyo behlakulela umdla. Ukuze aphumeze uthumo lukaYesu ‘lokwenza abafundi abantu beentlanga zonke,’ amaNgqina kaYehova akakhange abatyeshele abo baseFrench Guiana.—Mat. 28:19.
Inkqubela—Yayicotha Kodwa Ikho
Ngowe-1970 kwakukho abavakalisi abali-129 kwiBandla laseCayenne, yaye kwakukho amaqela akwanti akhutheleyo eSaint-Laurent naseKourou. Loo manani ayemancinane, kodwa amaNgqina kaYehova aya esaziwa ngakumbi kwelo lizwe. Kodwa, yayicotha inkqubela. Kwadlula eminye iminyaka elishumi ngaphambi kokuba inani labavakalisi boBukumkani liphindaphindeke kwelo lizwe.
Inkqubela yokomoya yayiphazanyiswa bubunzima abanye ababenabo ekwamkeleni isiluleko seBhayibhile sokususa kubudlelane nesokuguquka. Kwabakho iyantlukwano phakathi kwabavakalisi. Abanye babexhasa izigqibo zequmrhu labadala; abanye bengenzi njalo. Abaveleli abahambahambayo baseGuadeloupe beza ukuze bahlolisise nabazalwana imiyalelo evela kwiQumrhu Elilawulayo ngalo mbandela. Abo balwamkelayo ulwalathiso oluza ngejelo likaYehova baqhubela phambili.
Omnye uthunywashe owaba negalelo kumoya wabavakalisi sisimo sengqondo sabantu ekushumayeleni kwethu eCayenne. ICawa yamaKatolika yayinempembelelo gqitha. Abefundisi babewathiy’ egazini amaNgqina yaye bephembelela imihlambi yabo nxamnye nawo. Oku akuzange kubathintele abazalwana. Kunoko, inzondelelo yabo yaba ngundabamlonyeni kubantu balapho. Xa abantu bengavuli emnyango, amaNgqina ayejikela ngasemva kwendlu ekhangela abo basenokuba bazimele apho. Abanye abazalwana babengena kwiimpikiswano ezitshis’ ibunzi namaSabatha ngokuphathelele iSabatha namalungu eCawa yeVangeli ngokuphathelele isihogo nokungafi komphefumlo. Ezo ngxubusho zaziqalisa kusasa ziye kuphela ngorhatya!
UDavid Moreau, owasuka eMartinique waya kukhonza njengomveleli wesiphaluka apho, ukhumbula enye yezo mpikiswano. “Sasithetha nomnye umfana xa kweza omnye umfundisi weCawa yamaSabatha waza wangenelela kuloo ngxubusho. Wanyanzelisa ukuba sithethe ngeSabatha. UVirgo, omnye umzalwana, wachaza ukuba uze kuthetha ngoBukumkani bukaThixo, kodwa ke nakuba kunjalo loo ngxubusho yaphetha sele iyeyeSabatha. Loo mfundisi wathi: ‘ISabatha ivela kuThixo. Nkqu nakuloo Paradesi izayo siza kube siqhelisela iSabatha!’ Wacaphula uIsaya 66:23 othi: ‘Kuya kuthi ke ukususela ekuthwaseni kwenyanga ukusa ekuthwaseni kwenyanga nokususela kwisabatha ukusa kwisabatha yonke inyama ize kunqula phambi kwam, itsho iNkosi.’ Wandula uMzalwan’ uVirgo wabuza loo mfundisi: ‘Ngoko ke ngokutsho kwale ndinyana, ibiyintoni ngoLwesithathu odluleyo?’ Lo mfundisi, ebile emanzi, wazama iimpendulo ezahlukeneyo kodwa akade aqonde ukuba uLwesithathu odluleyo udibana njani nale ndinyana. ‘Ibikukuthwasa kwenyanga oko! Uyazibona ke! Uqhelisela iSabatha, kodwa uyakulibala ukuthwasa kwenyanga! Uguzula inxalenye engaphezu konobumba omncinane eBhayibhileni.’” Kamva uVirgo wathi kuDavid: “Andikaze ndiye entsimini ndingakhange ndikhangele ikhalenda ukuze ndijonge ukuba ithwasa nini na inyanga, ndisenzela nje xa ndinokudibana nomSabatha.”
Nangona abazalwana babesele benobuchule bokukhusela iinkolelo zabo, abanye babenikela ingqalelo ekuphumeleleni kwezo ngxoxo kunokuba bakhangele abo banjengezimvu. Kwakufuneka uqeqesho ekunikeleni ubungqina ngokuphumelelayo ebantwini, yaye uYehova walungiselela olo ncedo.
Abavangeli Basemazweni Bavula Indlela Embindini
Ngasekupheleni kweyee-1970, abavangeli basemazweni abaqeqeshwe kwiSikolo saseGiliyadi kwanoovulindlela abavela eFransi ababelwa ngokungqalileyo kwinkonzo yobuvangeli basemazweni baqalisa ukufika eFrench Guiana. Kwaqaliswa umsebenzi obalulekileyo wokuqeqesha nokomeleza amabandla. Abazalwana babefundiswa ubuchule obungakumbi bokunikela ubungqina obuphumelelayo. Abavangeli basemazweni bakhokela nasekushumayeleni kumaqela eelwimi ezahlukahlukeneyo kwelo lizwe. Kungekudala abazalwana balapho bazeka mzekweni baza baqalisa ukufunda isiNgesi, isiPhuthukezi, isiSranantongo nesiGalibi, ulwimi lwamaIndiya aseMerika. Kungokunje, iofisi yesebe laseFrench Guiana ilungiselela uncwadi oluza kusasazwa ngeelwimi ezili-18.
NgoAprili 1991, uJonadab Laaland nomfazi wakhe, bobabini abaphumelela kwiSikolo saseGiliyadi babekhonza eNew Caledonia, babelwa kummandla waseKourou ukuze baye komeleza ibandla lalapho. Uyise kaJonadab, uOlga Laaland, wayekhe watyala imbewu yokuqala yenyaniso yeBhayibhile eFrench Guiana. Ngoku kukho abavakalisi abangaphezu kwama-280 abadumisa uYehova eKourou.
Abavangeli basemazweni batyhalela phambili kwimizamo yokuvula amasimi amatsha, ngokukhethekileyo kwezo ndawo zisembindini kunzima ukuzifikelela. Abazange batyhafiswe sisibakala sokuba oko kwakubandakanya ukuchanabeka kwizifo zeleenjiko ezinjengesifo seengcongconi, ukudibana neenyoka, ukuqubisana namabubu ezinambuzane, kufuneka baqhube amaphenyane behlise imilambo enemisinga enamandla neengxangxasana eziyingozi ukuze baye kufika kwezo lali zikwanti, yaye beza kujamelana nezandyondyo zemvula nodaka.
UElie noLucette Régalade benza umsebenzi omhle gqitha eCayenne naseSaint-Laurent. Bahlahl’ indlela nakwintsimi engazange ichukunyiswe ngaphambili kwinxalenye esemantla yoMlambo iMaroni kumda okwintshona yelo lizwe. Bahamba iiveki ezintathu baya kushumayela nelinye iqela elincinane labazalwana kuzo zonke iidolophana ezingqonge loo mlambo ukusuka eSaint-Laurent ukusa eMaripasoula. Olo hambo kwafuneka lunqunyanyiswe ukuze omnye owayehlaselwe kakubi sisifo seengcongconi kwelo qela aye kunyangwa eSaint-Laurent. Kodwa loo maphulo okushumayela embindini aqhubeka ukuze abantu balapho bakwazi ukuva iindaba ezilungileyo.
Ukuze kufikelelwe eSaint-Élie, idolophana eyasekwa ngabo babezingela igolide kwinkulungwane ye-19, kufuneka kuhanjwe ngephenyane iiyure ezisixhenxe ukusuka kunxweme loMlambo iSinnamary kunqunyulwa kumbindi welo lizwe. Emva koko kufuneka kubethwe ngezikaTshiwo iintsuku ezimbini, kunqunyulwe kwintshinyela yehlathi iikhilomitha ezingama-30 iibhegi ezinzima zihleli emqolo. Nabani na oya kushumayela apho kufuneka aphathe ukudla okuza kwanela iintsuku ezintathu nesixa soncwadi esaneleyo. Ebusuku kwakufuneka babase umlilo ukuze bagxoth’ amarhamncwa, ngokuqinisekileyo besenza neendawo zokulala phezulu. Hayi indlela ekwaba luvuyo ngayo kubavangeli basemazweni ababini baseFransi, uEric Couzinet noMichel Bouquet ukuba kolo hambo baza banikela ubungqina obucokisekileyo kubantu abali-150 balapho. Kwabakho abantu abangama-20 kwintetho yemifanekiso eshukumayo abayinikela apho.
Kukwaba bantu apho abazalwana bafumana uFanélie, owayezama ukwanelisa intswelo yakhe yokomoya. Ngaphambili wayengumRoma Katolika. Wayesandul’ ukuzibandakanya namaSabatha. Akukho namnye kunqulo lwakhe owakhe watyelela eSaint-Élie. Wayedla ngokuthumela iingxubusho zemibuzo yeBhayibhile ngeposi, kodwa akazange afumane mpendulo. Xa wadibana namaNgqina, waqonda ukuba ngawo kuphela awayesenza imigudu yokutyelela abantu kwiindawo ezisemagqagaleni njengeSaint-Élie. UFanélie wafunda nabazalwana yonk’ imihla kangangeveki. Kungekudala emva koko, wafudukela kwisixeko esikhulu kangangeenyanga ezintandathu. Ngelo xesha wayefunda kathathu ngeveki. Xa wayebuyela kuloo dolophana, wayesele engumvakalisi ongabhaptizwanga. UFanélie wayenyamekela umyeni wakhe ongeloNgqina nabantwana abahlanu abancinane, kodwa inzondelelo yakhe ngenyaniso yamshukumisela ukuba achithe iiyure ezingaphezu kwama-40 nyanga nganye ekunikeleni ubungqina kwabanye. Wanceda ekulungiseleleni iintlanganiso zabo banomdla. Xa wayelungiselele iSikhumbuzo, kwabakho abangama-40. Emva koko, uFanélie uye wafudukela elunxwemeni, kodwa usaqhubeka ekhuthele kubulungiseleli. Uyavuyiswa yinto yokuba enye yeentombi zakhe iye yabhaptizwa yaye umyeni wayo uyafundelwa ngoku.
IKaw, iOuanary, neFavar, kummandla osempuma welo lizwe, zezinye zeendawo ezaqala ukufikelwa ngabavangeli basemazweni. UMzalwan’ uCouzinet ulukhumbula kakuhle ukhenketho lwakhe lokuqala lokuya kushumayela kwezo ndawo ngowe-1987 ehamba namanye amaNgqina alapho. Bangena kwiphenyane eliwela umlambo baza bahamba ngenqwelo-mafutha iikhilomitha ezingama-40 kwezo ndlela zomhlaba de baya kufika kumgxobhozo othile. Ukumisa kwabo inqwelo-mafutha, beva imigqumo eyoyikekayo. Wayecinga ukuba zizingwe esele zilungele ukubahlasela. Kodwa abazalwana ababehamba noMzalwan’ uCouzinet bamqinisekisa ukuba yayiliqela nje leenkawu ezazothuswe kukufika kwabo. Badibana nesinye isibini esasikhangela inyaniso. Eso sibini safudukela eCayenne, senza inkqubela de sabhaptizwa yaye ngoku sikhonza kwintsimi yesiPhuthukezi eFrench Guiana.
Ngokuthe ngcembe, kwatyelelwa namanye amasimi asemagqagaleni. IGrand Santi, iPapaïchton, neSaül zezinye zezo ndawo ezathi zangenelwa kuloo matyelelo okuqala abavangeli basemazweni. Inkoliso yaloo masimi angazange aphathwe ngaphambili ngoku ityelelwa rhoqo ngabavakalisi boBukumkani.
Ukushumayela EMaripasoula
IMaripasoula, idolophana ephambili kumantla oMlambo iMaroni, yafikelelwa ngesigidimi soBukumkani kwasekuqaleni ngowe-1963. Ehambela ezoshishino, uAdrien Jean-Marie, owayengumfundi weBhayibhile ngoko, kwakufuneka aye apho kathathu ngonyaka. Wayevutha lihlombe ngenyaniso, ngoko wasebenzisa elo thuba ukuze anikele ubungqina obucokisekileyo yaye wayesoloko eshiya ngasemva iimpapasho ezininzi zeBhayibhile.
Nangona nabanye banikela ubungqina eMaripasoula, kwakunzima ukuthetha nabemi balapho abathetha isiSranantongo. Sibizwa ngokuba sisiTaki-Taki ngabemi balapho, isiSranantongo sisekelwe esiNgesini yaye sinentwana yesiDatshi, isiFrentshi, isiPhuthukezi nezinye iilwimi ezahlukahlukeneyo zaseAfrika nezaseIndiya. Isebe laseSuriname lathumela oovulindlela abathetha isiSranantongo eMaripasoula ixesha elingangeenyanga ezintathu ukusa kwezintandathu, kodwa abemi balapho abazange basabele kakuhle. Ekugqibeleni abo bazalwana bagxothwa kuloo lali kusithelwa ngento yokuba ngabaphambukeli baseSuriname. Enyanisweni, esona sizathu kukuba babengamaNgqina kaYehova.
Ngowe-1992 kwathunyelwa apho uCornélis noHélène Linguet njengoovulindlela abakhethekileyo. Ukwazi kwabo isiSranantongo kwaba luncedo kakhulu ekushumayeleni kwabo, yaye ekubeni babengamaFrentshi, babesamkelwa lula ngabantu. Babeshumayela eMaripasoula, kangangeentsuku ezintathu ngeveki, baze ezinye ezintathu banikele ubungqina ePapaïchton, idolophana ekumgama olingana neyure ukusuka eMaripasoula xa uhamba ngephenyane. Kuqala, babeqhubela iintlanganiso kwikhaya labo eMaripasoula. Emva kweminyaka emibini bekuloo msebenzi, kweza abantu abasibhozo eSikhumbuzweni. Eso sibini saba nomonde kuloo ntsimi ikwanti. Ukuthanda kwaso abantu kwasinceda sanyamezela naxa sijamelene neengxaki. Ekugqibeleni, umonde waso wavuzwa yaye kwavela amabandla amabini.
Omnye owasabelayo kwisigidimi seBhayibhile nguAntoine Tafanier, owayegqalwa njengothile kwindawo yakhe ngenxa yokuba sisalamane esisondeleyo seGran Man, oyena mntu uphakamileyo kunqulo olukholelwa ekubeni umphefumlo wahlukile emzimbeni. UTafanier wayenamashweshwe amabini, into eqhelekileyo kuloo mmandla ugudle umlambo. Ngoko ke xa uTafanier wamela inyaniso, kwakufuneka enze uhlengahlengiso kubomi bakhe, mhlawumbi atshate omnye waloo mabhinqa okanye ahlale yedwa. Loo mabhinqa mabini, awayehlala kwimizi eyahlukeneyo yaye esazi ukuba wayeza kukhetha phakathi kwawo, alwa ngeyona ndlela. Namhlanje, uAntoine Tafanier liNgqina elonwabileyo elibhaptiziweyo elikhonza uYehova kunye nomfazi omnye. Kuthekani ngelinye ibhinqa? Emva kwexesha, nalo laqalisa ukufunda iBhayibhile yaye ngoku lingumkhonzi kaYehova obhaptiziweyo.
AmaNgqina kaYehova aya eqondwa ngakumbi kuloo mmandla. Umbutho othile wasekuhlaleni wawanika indawo yokuhlanganisana ngaphandle kwentlawulo kangangeminyaka emithathu. Xa kwafika ixesha lokwakha iHolo yoBukumkani, isiqingatha saloo mazinki sanikelwa ngabo banovelwano. Enye intlangano yayiphethe isikhululo sikamabonwakude apho yaza yasasaza iikhasethi zevidiyo ezintlanu zeWatch Tower Society ezazifumaneka ngoko. Abahlali baloo dolophana bayixabisa ngokukhethekileyo ividiyo ethi Jehovah’s Witnesses—The Organization Behind the Name.
Ngoku amaNgqina ayesele ezinzile kuloo ndawo ayekade ethiyiwe kuwo. Ngowe-1993, eMaripasoula nasePapaïchton kwakukho iiHolo zoBukumkani, yaye abantu abahlala kulo mmandla ugudle uMlambo iMaroni babesoloko befumana amathuba okuva isigidimi soBukumkani.
Ukuhla NoMlambo IOyapock
Yintoni eyayiphunyezwa kumda okwimpuma yelo lizwe, apho utyhutyha khona uMlambo iOyapock phakathi kweFrench Guiana neBrazil? Ngowe-1973, uAdrien Jean-Marie wanikela ubungqina obuhle kwidolophu yaseSaint Georges. Utyelelo lwakhe lokuqala lwathabatha iintsuku ezintathu. Kuloo nyaka mnye, wabuyela kabini yaye wakwazi ukulungiselela intlanganiso kawonke-wonke ekweza abantu abangama-20 kuyo. Ezinye izifundo zeBhayibhile zaqaliswa ngembalelwano, kodwa oko akuzange kube kuphumelele ngenxa yokuba abo bafundi babengaqhelananga nokubhala iileta. ETampac, ilali yeeBush Negro kwakuloo mlambo, uMzalwan’ uJean-Marie wafumana abantu abanomdla kwisigidimi seBhayibhile.
Ngowe-1983 kwiminyaka elishumi kamva, kwathunyelwa uEtiennise Mandé noJacqueline Lafiteau ukuze banikele ubungqina obungakumbi baze bancede abanomdla kuloo mmandla ukude. Xa kusenzeka, abazalwana baseCayenne babedla ngokukhwela inqwelo-moya baye eSaint Georges ngempela-veki ukuze bancedise apho ngokuba nesabelo kubulungiseleli basentsimini kunye nabo dade, nangokunikela iintetho zesidlangalala. Noko ke, kwafuneka umonde omkhulu ngaphambi kokuba kubonakale isiqhamo soko. UDade Mandé ukhumbula oku: “Ndaqalisa izifundo zeBhayibhile eziliqela. Kodwa kungekudala, umfundisi walapho waqalisa ukuchasa umsebenzi wethu. Abanye babedla ngokuthi: ‘Umfundisi usixelele ukuba singawaphulaphuli amaNgqina okanye singanamkeli kumakhaya ethu kuba ningabameli bakaMtyholi.’ Izifundo zam ezininzi zayeka ukufunda.” Noko ke, ngenxa yokuzingisa yabakho imiphumo.
UMichel Bouquet noRichard Rose, oovulindlela abakhethekileyo nabo baba nenxaxheba ekuvuseleleni umdla kwinyaniso kuloo mmandla. Buninzi ubungqina obanikelwa eSaint Georges, kodwa ukususela ngowe-1989, babelwa ukuba banikele ingqalelo kwintsimi engaphandle kwaloo mmandla. Kutshanje, uMzalwan’ uRose nomfazi wakhe baye bafumana ilungelo lokuba ngoovulindlela bokuqala baseFrench Guiana ukuya kwiSikolo saseGiliyadi. Ngoku bakhonza eHaiti.
Kwanela nje ukuba kwenziwe indawo yokunqumla kunxweme lweFrench Guiana kuMlambo iOyapock, kwenziwa amalungiselelo okusebenza kwintsimi encinane enqumla kumlambo oseBrazil. Idolophu yaseOiapoque inabemi abali-10 000 yaye imalunga nohambo lwemizuzu engama-20 ukusuka eSaint Georges ngephenyane. Ngokukhawuleza abazalwana baqonda ukuba kukho umdla ongakumbi apho kunaseSaint Georges, ngoko ke banikela ingqalelo kuloo ntsimi. UMzalwan’ uMoreau ukhumbula oku: “Sasidla ngokulala ngasemva kwivenkile ethile. Kwakungelula ukuhlala kwezo meko, nangona elinye ibhinqa elilungileyo elalizibiza ngokuba ‘ngudade’ lasinika indawo yokulala nomphanda wamanzi ukuze sihlambe. Oovulindlela abaselula balapho bahleka xa umfazi wam uMarylène wayekhala ngevumba lamanzi. Wonk’ ubani wayehlambela ebumnyameni emva kwezindlu aze aye kulala. Noko ke, kwintsasa elandelayo sothuka sakufumanisa ukuba kukho impuku enkulu eyayirhaxwe apho emphandeni yaye yayindanda ngaphezulu.” Kodwa oko akuzange kuwavale amehlo abo kumava amnandi ababenawo kubulungiseleli.
Kule dolophu yaseOiapoque, uMzalwan’ uBouquet wathabatha amanyathelo okuthenga isiqwenga somhlaba. Ekunye noMzalwan’ uRose, kunye nabanye oovulindlela nabazalwana baseCayenne, basebenza ukuze bakhe iHolo yoBukumkani enezihlalo ezingama-80 nendlu yokuhlala.
Ngeminyaka yee-1990, esinye isibini esingoovulindlela abakhethekileyo sakwaDa Costa, safika eOiapoque size kunceda. Sasizimisele ukutyelela zonke izikolo yaye sasihambisa kubaphathi bazo incwadi eluncedo ethi Imibuzo Yabantu Abaselula—Iimpendulo Eziluncedo. Sacela nemvume yokuhambisa le ncwadi kubo bonke abantwana besikolo. Savunyelwa. Emva kokuva oko kuqulethwe yiloo ncwadi, bonke abafundi nabafundisi-ntsapho bacela imibhalo yayo. Sahambisa iincwadi ezingama-250.
UMzalwan’ uda Costa unikela le ngxelo: “Saba nengxubusho esemagqabini nomphathi-mkhosi kwinkampu yalapho, yaye samnika umbhalo wencwadi ethi Ulwazi Olukhokelela Kubomi Obungunaphakade. Wayamkela waza wacela uncedo kwindlela yokuhlangabezana nokunxila nokuziphatha okubi kwaloo madoda aloo nkampu yakhe. Savuma ukunikela intetho kuloo madoda. Wayithanda loo nto waza wathembisa ukuba kwakuza kubakho iqela elincinane kwiveki elandelayo. Xa sasize kunikela loo ntetho, safika silindelwe ngamajoni ali-140. Onke asiphulaphula ngenyameko. Sashiya amaphephancwadi angama-70; sasingenawo amanye kuba sasingalindelanga ukubona abantu abaninzi kangako kuloo ntlanganiso yethu. Elo lungiselelo laqhubeka kangangeeveki. Ngenxa yokuba loo majoni engahlali kwindawo enye, asizange sikwazi ukunxibelelana nenkoliso yawo.” Ukanti, maninzi awasabela kakuhle kolo ncedo.
Elinye ibhinqa eliselula eligama linguRosa lafunda iBhayibhile namaNgqina eBrazil, kodwa alizange lisabele ngokupheleleyo kwiindaba ezilungileyo. Xa leva ngethuba lokuzuza imali eninzi kumgodi wegolide eFrench Guiana, layishiya indawo elalihlala kuyo neso sifundo seBhayibhile laza kufika eOiapoque ngeenjongo zokungena eFrench Guiana ngondlela-mnyama. Kakade ke, ukuhlala phakathi kwamadoda kumgodi wegolide kwintsunguzi yehlathi kwakungayi kulenza likhuseleke ibhinqa. Ngaphambi kokuba aye emgodini, omnye udade waseOiapoque owayexhalabile wamnceda ukuba ayiqwalasele loo meko yakhe. Wachukunyiswa ngokunzulu sisiluleko seBhayibhile esikuMateyu 6:25-34, waza waguquka kwisigqibo sakhe. URosa wahlulela ubomi bakhe kuYehova waza wabuyela kowabo. Emva kweminyaka eliqela ohlukene nomyeni wakhe baphinda babuyelana.
Ngoku kukho ibandla elinabavakalisi abangama-25 eOiapoque. Imigudu yabavakalisi abahlanu baseSaint Georges nayo ithwala isiqhamo. Ummi wokuqala waseSaint Georges ukumela inyaniso yaba nguJean René Mathurin. Namhlanje ukhonza njengesicaka solungiselelo, umfazi wakhe unguvulindlela othe ngxi.
Iindibano Zovuyo
Kumaxesha okubhalwa kweBhayibhile, abanquli bakaYehova babeyalelwa ukuba bahlanganisane rhoqo ukuze bamnqule. (Dut. 16:1-17) Ngokufanayo, iindibano ezincinane nezinkulu bezisoloko ziziimbalasane kubanquli bakaYehova bale mihla eFrench Guiana. Naxa abavakalisi babesembalwa, abazalwana abazange bayityeshele loo mbopheleleko yokulungiselela iindibano. Omnye umzalwana uthi: “Ngeminyaka yee-1960, iindibano zethu zesithili zazithabatha iintsuku ezisibhozo. Kwakubakho imidlalo yeBhayibhile emine. Abadlali kwakufuneka bazinkqaye iinxalenye zabo, yaye abo bavakalisi bambalwa kwakufuneka bazibhokoxe ngamandla. Ngethamsanqa, abazalwana abaninzi baseMartinique naseGuadeloupe babedla ngokuza kuncedisa kwezo ndibano.” Ubukho babo babuxatyiswa gqitha ngabazalwana. Abaninzi basayikhumbula kakuhle imihla apho inkoliso yabazalwana balapho yayidla ngokuya kwamkela iindwendwe zaseMartinique naseGuadeloupe kwisikhululo seenqwelo-moya.
Ngokwenene ezo ndibano yayizizihlandlo zovuyo. Ndibano nganye yayiba sisidlo sokomoya, yaye abazalwana babevakalelwa ngendlela efanayo namaSirayeli awathi kuwo uYehova: “Nize nibe nemihlali phambi koYehova uThixo wenu.”—Lev. 23:40.
Abazalwana abanamava ngakumbi babegcinwa bexakekile. Babelungiselela indibano, benikela iintetho yaye ngokufuthi bedlala kwimidlalo eliqela. Kwakuyinto eqhelekileyo ngomzalwana ukudlala kwimidlalo emithathu aze anikele iintetho ezintlanu okanye ezintandathu.
Isibakala sokuba kwakulungiselelwa izidlo zasemini sasiwongeza loo msebenzi. Maxa wambi ezo zidlo zaziquka inyama yehagu, yecilikishe, yerote (ibuzi), yofudo neyearmadillo. Kwezinye iimeko ngoxa besendibanweni abazalwana kwakufuneka baye kuzingela okanye baye kuloba belungiselela oko kutya.
Ukufumana iindawo zendibano kwakusoloko kulucelomngeni. Ekuqaleni kwakusetyenziswa ikhaya lakwaValard. Abazalwana bakha indawo enekhusi apho eyadini, yaye minyaka le elo khusi lalisandiswa ukuze lanele abaphulaphuli ababesanda. Noko ke, xa abezayo badlula kuma-200, kwafuneka kukhangelwe indawo enkudlwana. Ekuqaleni, ekuphela kweendawo eziqeshisayo ezazifumaneka yayingamabala ebhola yesandla okanye yomnyazi. Abazalwana babesakha iqonga baze bacele abo bezayo ukuba baziphathele izitulo zabo. Kwakungelula oko, kodwa abazalwana babeyijonga ngeliso elifanelekileyo loo meko. Abaselula babengabi madolw’ anzima ukunikela ngezihlalo zabo kwabo badala, nkqu nokuba oko kuthetha ukuma ngeenyawo imini yonke.
Kangangeminyaka kwakuqeshwa iiholo zemidaniso ukuze kuqhutywe iindibano. Ukuphela kocwangciso lwangoMgqibelo, abazalwana babedla ngokukhawuleza bakhuphe yonk’ into balungise loo holo kuba kwakufika iimvumi zilungiselele umdaniso oya kuthabatha ubusuku bonke. Kwasekuseni abazalwana babebuya baye kucoca elo holo belungiselela ucwangciso lwakusasa ngeCawa. Kakade ke, olo asilohlobo lwendawo abantu ababeyijonga njengezifaneleyo iintlanganiso zonqulo. Xa abazalwana babehlanganisana kwiGuyana Palace, kwiAu Soleil Levant, nakwiAu Canari, oko kwazisa ugculelo lwabantu entsimini. Noko ke, ekuhambeni kwexesha ezo ndawo zaba ncinane ukuba zanele elo nani landayo labantu ababesiza endibanweni.
Ekugqibeleni, abazalwana bagqiba ekubeni bazakhele eyabo iHolo yeNdibano, belandela umzekelo weeHolo zeNdibano zaseMartinique naseGuadeloupe. Yamiswa ngophahla lwentsimbi yafulelwa ngamazinki. Yayinkulu ngokwaneleyo ukuba yanele abantu abaliwaka, ukanti inokuqhaqhwa lula. Inyathelo elilandelayo yaba kukufumana isiza apho yayiza kwakhiwa khona loo Holo yeNdibano. UJean-Daniel Michotte wanikela ngenxalenye yomhlaba wakhe. Eli lungiselelo lasebenza kangangeminyaka eliqela.
Umsebenzi Omkhulu Wokwakha
Njengoko wawukhula umdla kwinyaniso, kwafuneka iHolo yeNdibano enkulu. Abazalwana bakhangela indawo enkulu ngokwaneleyo ukuze kwakhiwe iHolo yeNdibano enezihlalo ezingama-2 000. Emva kokukhangela iminyaka eliqela, bafumana indawo efanelekileyo eziihektare ezintathu ngexabiso elifanelekileyo. Ekubeni abazalwana balapho babengenabuchule kumsebenzi wobunjineli nokwakha, kwacelwa isebe laseFransi ukuba lincedise. Loo msebenzi wawucetywa wawumkhulu ngokwenene. Wenziwa ngowe-1993. Loo msebenzi wokwakha wawuquka ukwakhiwa kweHolo yeNdibano izizikwemitha ezingama-2000, iiHolo zoBukumkani ezintlanu, iindawo ezintathu zokuhlala oovulindlela abakhethekileyo namakhaya abavangeli basemazweni amathathu, yaye zonke zakhiwa ngeeveki ezisibhozo nje kuphela!
Inkoliso yaloo mpahla yokwakha yayivela eFransi ngeecontainer ezinkulu ezingama-32. Kuyo kwakukho iiteletele, iilori, iibhasi, izitena, amazinki, nezinye izinto zokwakha, kwanokutya okuninzi. IiKomiti Zokwakha Zenqila zaseFransi ezazikuloo msebenzi zazibhokoxa ngeyona ndlela.
Ebudeni belo xesha lokwakha, babemalunga nama-800 abazalwana noodade ababevela eFransi ngeendleko zabo besiya kusebenza nabazalwana noodade balapho abangama-500 kwezo ndawo zine kwakusakhiwa kuzo. Esona siza sisentshona sasikwiikhilomitha ezingama-250 ukusuka kwesisempuma, ngoko ke, kwakufuneka unxibelelwano oluhle. Abazalwana baseFransi babefika ngokwamaqela ebudeni bezo nyanga zimbini, kodwa kukho isihlandlo ababa ngama-500 abavela eFransi besebenza namaNgqina asekuhlaleni angama-422. Ukulungiselela iindawo zokuhlala bonke abo basebenzi kwakulucelomngeni. Iintsapho ezininzi zamkela abasebenzi ababini okanye omnye waseFransi; akukho namnye owahlala ehotele. Kwakufuneka nezinto zokuthutha abo basebenzi. Omnye umzalwana uchaza athi: “Xa ndisiya emsebenzini ndandidla ngokusa abanye abasebenzi esizeni ndiphinde ndiye kubalanda emva komsebenzi. Senza konke okusemandleni ethu ukuze abo basebenzi bazive besekhaya.”
Ngoxa elona qela likhulu laliseMatoury kwisiza seHolo yeNdibano (eyayicetywe ukuze ibe neHolo yoBukumkani), amanye ayeseSinnamary esakha iHolo yoBukumkani nekhaya elincinane labavangeli basemazweni. EMana, kwakusakhiwa enye iHolo yoBukumkani nekhaya labavangeli basemazweni. Kwelinye icandelo lesiSranantongo eMana, kwakusakhiwa iHolo yoBukumkani enamagumbi okuhlala oovulindlela abakhethekileyo. ESaint-Laurent, kwakusakhiwa iHolo yoBukumkani enezihlalo ezingama-330 nekhaya labavangeli basemazweni abathandathu. Mabini amabandla angenela apho. Eli pomakazi leHolo yoBukumkani lisetyenziselwa iindibano zesiSranantongo ezisoloko zinabantu abafikelela kuma-600.
Emva kwaloo msebenzi mkhulu kangako wokwakha, abanye abazalwana baseFransi bagqiba ekubeni bahlale eFrench Guiana. Ukongezelela ekunikeleni ngobuchule babo bokwakha, baba yintsikelelo kuloo mabandla ngokukhonza njengabadala, izicaka zolungiselelo namalungu eekomiti zokwakha. Kamva abanye baba nenxaxheba ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo zesebe elitsha.
Imfuneko Yeofisi Yesebe
Iofisi yesebe laseFrench Guiana yaqalisa ukusebenza ngowe-1990 kwikhaya eliqeshisiweyo eMontjoly, idolophu ekufutshane nekomkhulu lalapho. UDavid Moreau wamiselwa njengomalathisi weKomiti yeSebe. Ngoxa wayekhonza eMartinique ukususela ekuphumeleleni kwakhe kwiSikolo saseGiliyadi ngowe-1981, wayesoloko enyamekela izabelo zaseFrench Guiana. Ababekunye naye kuloo Komiti yeSebe nguJean-Daniel Michotte, uPaul Chong Wing, noEric Couzinet. Kamva, kwabelwa uChristian Belotti ukuba akhonze kunye nabo. Amabandla akuxabisa gqitha ukufumana ulwalathiso ekuhlaleni ngabazalwana abaqolileyo abaqhelene kakhulu neentswelo zabo.
Xa kwakusekwa elo sebe, umvakalisi woBukumkani om-1 wayejongene nabantu abali-173 belo lizwe. Abo bavakalisi bangama-660 kuquka abavangeli basemazweni abali-14 babelwa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zelo lizwe. Ulwando oluqhubekayo lwabavakalisi—kweminye iminyaka lude lufikelele kumlinganiselo we-18 ekhulwini—lwenza kwayimfuneko ukukhangela izakhiwo zeofisi ezifaneleka ngakumbi. Ngowe-1992 loo ofisi yesebe yafuduselwa eMatoury, umgama omfutshane ukusuka eCayenne. Kwandula ke ngowe-1995 iQumrhu Elilawulayo lakhupha imvume yokuba sakhe isakhiwo esizifanela ngakumbi iintswelo zethu. Kwakufuneka kusetyenzwe iminyaka emibini ukuze kwakhiwe eso sakhiwo sitsha. Hayi indlela okwabangela uvuyo olukhulu ngayo oko kubazalwana, yaye obunjani ukubalasela bona ubungqina obanikelwayo!
Ucelomngeni Lobulungiseleli
Ukushumayela iindaba ezilungileyo kweli lizwe kufuna ukuzibhokoxa, ukuzincama nothando. Abafundi beBhayibhile abanyanisekileyo bayakuphawula oku. Omnye wabo wathi kwelinye iNgqina elalifunda naye: “Ngokwenene, ndiyalubona uthando nokuzinikela okubonisa kum. Kangangeenyanga, nkqu nokuba kuyanetha, uza rhoqo uze kundifundisa ngolwazi lweendaba ezilungileyo. Ngoko ke, nam ndiza kuya kwiintlanganiso zenu rhoqo ngeCawa.” Wenza kanye oko, yaye weza nabanye abahlobo.
Ukuze baye kufika esifundweni, maxa wambi abavakalisi kufuneka bachankcathe kwisiqu somthi esiphezu kwechibi lamanzi. Oku kuba lucelomngeni ngakumbi xe eso siqobo singazinzanga sindanda nje. UDavid Moreau, wayesachankcatha phambi komnye udade onguvulindlela xa weva etshizwa ngamanzi emva kwakhe. Ngenkalipho loo dade waphinda wagwencela kuso, wahlamba ukufika kwakhe, waza waqhuba isifundo sakhe seBhayibhile ngokungathi akukhange kwenzeke nto.
Kwenye indawo, uMzalwan’ uBouquet wafika ngephenyane kwilali ethile xa ulwandle lwaluphuphumela ngaphandle yaye unxweme lomlambo luzele ludaka. Njengoko wayesondela kuloo lali, watshona eludakeni wathi gabhu ngamadolo. Emva kokuba ehambe malunga neemitha ezingama-25, waya kufika kumhlaba owomileyo. Abantu baloo lali abanobubele bamnika amanzi okuhlamba imilenze; wandula ke waqalisa ubulungiseleli bakhe.
Asikokuba semagqagaleni kwezo lali nokwahluka kweelwimi zazo kuphela okwenza kube nzima ukufikelela kumaIndiya aseMerika. Ezama ukukhusela ezi ndawo zingonakaliswa yimpucuko, urhulumente uthintela abantu bangakwazi ukufikelela kuzo. Akuvumelekanga ukushumayela rhoqo kwiilali zawo. Sekunjalo, xa amaIndiya aseMerika etyelele kwiilali ezikufutshane eye kuzithengela izinto ezithile, amaNgqina kaYehova azama ukwabelana nawo ngethemba elimangalisayo lehlabathi elingenakugula, kuquka isifo seengcongconi esigqiba abantu abaninzi apho.
Kwabanye ukugcina idinga nokuya kwiintlanganiso ngamaxesha athile kufuna utshintsho olukhulu kwindlela abacinga ngayo. Kwiminyaka engama-30 eyadlulayo abantu balapho babengenayo iwotshi, yaye kwakungekho mntu ungxamileyo. Ukusukela ixesha leentlanganiso yayiyinto entsha. Omnye udade wavuya akufika kuthandazwa, emva koko wafumanisa ukuba ngumthandazo wokuqukumbela! Kwesinye isihlandlo, omnye umvangeli wasemazweni owayeshumayela eSaint Georges wabuza kwenye indoda enoba ilali yaseRégina yayikude kusini na apho. Loo ndoda yaphendula yathi: “Hayi ayikho kude.” Wayibuza: “Ngumgama ongakanani ke?” “Luhambo lweentsuku ezisithoba nje kuphela ukuya apho.” Ukulijonga ngale ndlela ixesha kukwabonisa nesizathu sokuba abanye, bathi nangona beyithanda inyaniso bakhe bathi xha ngokwenza isigqibo sokukhonza uThixo.
Abanye kuye kwafuneka bakhethe phakathi kwemithetho yesizwe nemigaqo yeBhayibhile ngokuphathelele ubomi bentsapho. Maxa wambi, isigqibo sabo sokuhamba kwiindlela zikaYehova siye sabangela ukuvutha komsindo wenkosi yelali. Kwenye ilali, uvulindlela okhethekileyo nomfazi wakhe ababekhonza kuloo mmandla bagwetyelwa ukufa yinkosi yaloo lali. Ukuze basinde, babaleka kuloo lali yaye emva koko bathunyelwa kwesinye isabelo esikumgama weekhilomitha ezingama-300 ukusuka apho.
Phezu kwalo nje olo celomngeni, abantu abaneemvelaphi ezahlukahlukeneyo nazo zonke iindlela zobomi bayasabela kwisimemo esithi: “Lowo uthandayo makawathabathe amanzi obomi ngesisa.” (ISityhi. 22:17) Kunyaka ophelileyo, babe yincopho ye-1 500 abaye baba nesabelo ekushumayeleni iindaba ezilungileyo eFrench Guiana. Ngokomlinganiselo, zingama-2 288 izifundo zeBhayibhile eziye zaqhutywa nabantu abanomdla. NgoAprili 19, baba ngama-5 293 abeza kwiSikhumbuzo sokufa kukaKristu. Ngokunyanisekileyo sithandazela ukuba abaninzi abangakumbi bayenze eyabo inyaniso, ngaloo ndlela babe ngabafundi bokwenyaniso bakaYesu Kristu.
[Umfanekiso ozalise iphepha, kwiphepha 224]
[Umfanekiso okwiphepha 228]
UOlga Laaland
[Umfanekiso okwiphepha 230]
Ukusuka ekhohlo ukuya ekunene: UChristian Bonecaze noXavier Noll
[Imifanekiso ekwiphepha 234]
UMichel noJeanne Valard
[Umfanekiso okwiphepha 237]
UConstance noEdmogène Fléreau
[Imifanekiso ekwiphepha 238]
(1) Indledlana yamaplanga enqumla kwintshinyela yehlathi, (2) UEric Couzinet noMichel Bouquet kunye nempahla yabo, (3) Ilali yamaIndiya AseMerika
[Umfanekiso okwiphepha 241]
UElie noLucette Régalade
[Imifanekiso ekwiphepha 251]
Umsebenzi wokwakha wabantu bezizwe ngezizwe weeveki ezisibhozo: (1) IHolo yeNdibano yaseMatoury; iiHolo zoBukumkani nezinye iindawo zokuhlala (2,3) eMana, nezinye (4) eziseSaint-Laurent, (5) naseSinnamary; (6) AmaNgqina aseFrench Guiana, kunye nangamakhulu aseFransi, aba nesabelo kuloo msebenzi
[Imifanekiso ekwiphepha 252, 253]
Iofisi yesebe neKhaya laseBheteli eFrench Guiana, kunye neKomiti yeSebe (ekhohlo ukusa ekunene): uPaul Chong Wing, uDavid Moreau, uJean-Daniel Michotte, noEric Couzinet