Wonke Umuntu Uyalidinga Ikhaya
“Wonke umuntu unelungelo lokuthola ukuphila okusezingeni elifanele ukuze akwazi ukunakekela impilo kanye nenhlalakahle yakhe neyomkhaya wakhe, kuhlanganise nokuthola . . . indlu.”—ISimemezelo Somhlaba Wonke Samalungelo Abantu, iSiphakamiso 25.
ISIXUKU esikhulu sababaleki abasebenza emapulazini siya ngokuya sizinza endaweni manje esiyibiza ngokuthi yikhaya. Imikhaya ebalelwa emakhulwini ihlala endaweni engaphandle nje kwedolobha lapho kukhokhwa khona intela ephansi epaki lomahamba-nendlwana elibizwa ngokuthi i-parqueaderos. Lapha, kusasetshenziswa izindlela ezindala ukuze kwenzelwe abantu izinkonzo eziyisisekelo njengokukhucululwa kwendle, ukuthola amanzi ahlanzekile nokuthutha udoti, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi lezi zinkonzo azitholakali nhlobo. Enye intatheli yathi le ndawo ‘iyindawo ephansi kakhulu kangangokuba kuyaxaka ukuthi nezisebenzi zasepulazini zihlala kanjani kuyo.’
Eminyakeni emithathu edlule, lapho izikhulu zikahulumeni ziqala ukuvala ezinye zalezi zindawo, eminye imikhaya yathengisa omahamba-nendlwana bayo yabe isithuthela ezindlini, emafulethini nasemagalaji ayeseminyene kakade maphakathi nedolobha. Eminye yamane yaqoqa okungokwayo yaqhubekela phambili, ihamba ithungatha indawo eyayingakwazi ukubuyela kuyo ngemva kwesikhathi ngasinye sokuvuna—indawo eyayingayibiza ngokuthi yikhaya.
Ingabe ucabanga ngendawo ethile eseMelika Ephakathi noma eNingizimu Melika? Ushaye phansi. Leli paki lomahamba-nendlwana ungalithola eduze kwedolobha laseMecca eningizimu yeCalifornia, e-U.S.A., okuyibanga elingaphansi kwehora ukusuka empumalanga yedolobha lezigwili iPalm Springs. Kubikwa ukuthi nakuba sebebaningi kunanini ngaphambili abantu abanezindlu ezithi bona e-United States, futhi ngo-2002 umkhaya ngamunye ovamile wawuthola isilinganiso semali engaba ama-dollar angu-42 000 (amaRandi angaba ngu-257 000) ngonyaka, kulinganiselwa ukuthi imikhaya engaphezu kwezigidi ezinhlanu eMelika isahlala ezindlini ezisezingeni elingafanele.
Isimo sibi nakakhulu emazweni asathuthuka. Naphezu kwemizamo eminingi yabaholi bezombangazwe, bezenhlalakahle nabezenkolo, inkinga yembulunga yonke yokuntuleka kwezindlu iya ngokuya iba yimbi.
Inkinga Yembulunga Yonke
Kulinganiselwa ukuthi abantu abahlala emijondolo emhlabeni jikelele bangaphezu kwezigidi eziyinkulungwane. Ochwepheshe baseBrazil bezokuhlalisana emadolobheni banovalo lokuthi la ma-favela, noma imijondolo eyanda ngokuqhubekayo kulelo zwe ngokushesha nje “iyoba mikhulu futhi ibe nabantu abaningi kakhulu kunasemadolobheni eyaqala ukwakhiwa kuwo.” Kukhona amadolobha aseNigeria lapho amaphesenti angu-80 abantu bakhona ehlala emijondolo nasemikhukhwini. “Uma kungathathwa zinyathelo ezinqala,” kusho uNobhala-jikelele we-UN uKofi Annan ngo-2003, “inani labantu abahlala emijondolo emhlabeni wonke lingase likhule lize lifinyelele ezigidini eziyizinkulungwane ezimbili eminyakeni engu-30 ezayo.”
Kodwa izibalo ezinjengalezi aziyivezi ngokuphelele indlela abathinteka ngayo abantu abampofu emhlabeni wonke ngenxa yokuphila okusezingeni eliphansi. NgokweZizwe Ezihlangene, abantu abangaphezu kwengxenye emazweni asathuthuka abazitholi nhlobo izinkonzo eziyisisekelo zokukhucululwa kwendle nokuthuthwa kukadoti, ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu ayiwatholi amanzi ahlanzekile, ingxenye eyodwa kwezine intula izindlu ezisezingeni elifanele kanti ingxenye eyodwa kwezinhlanu ayizitholi izinkonzo zesimanje zokunakekela impilo. Abantu abaningi emazweni asethuthukile bebengenakuvumela ngisho nezilwane abazifuyile ukuba ziphile ezimweni ezinjalo.
Ilungelo Lomhlaba Wonke
Indawo yokuhlala esezingeni elifanele ibhekwa njengesidingo esiyisisekelo sabantu kuyo yonke indawo. ISimemezelo Somhlaba Wonke Samalungelo Abantu, esenziwa iZizwe Ezihlangene ngo-1948, sathi wonke umuntu unelungelo lokuthola ukuphila okusezingeni elifanele, kuhlanganise nendlu efanele. Ngempela, wonke umuntu uyalidinga ikhaya elisezingeni elifanele.
Muva nje, ngo-1996, amazwe amaningana amukela umqulu owabizwa ngokuthi i-Habitat Agenda ye-UN. Lo mqulu unohlu lwezibopho ezithile zokwakhela bonke abantu izindlu ezisezingeni elifanele. Ngemva kwalokho, ngo-January 1, 2002, i-UN yaqinisekisa ukuthi izimisele ukufeza lezi zibopho ngokwamukela lezi zihlongozo ngokomthetho esimisweni se-UN.
Kodwa kuyahlekisa ukuthi njengoba amanye amazwe acebile eseqale phansi ngokuvuselela izicelo zawo zokwakha izindawo zokuhlala enyangeni nokuhlola iplanethi i-Mars, isibalo esikhulayo sezakhamuzi ezimpofu kakhulu zalawo mazwe asikwazi ngisho nokuthola indawo yokuhlala esezingeni elifanele lapha emhlabeni. Inkinga yokuntuleka kwezindlu ikuthinta kanjani wena? Ingabe likhona ithemba langempela lokuthi ngolunye usuku bonke abantu bayoba nezindlu ezinethezekile ezithi bona?
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Izizwe eziningi zicwaninga ngendlela ezingakha ngayo izindawo zokuhlala enyangeni, kuyilapho izakhamuzi eziningi zalawo mazwe zintula indawo yokuhlala esezingeni elifanele emhlabeni
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UMKHAYA WASE-ASIA OBALEKELE KWELINYE IZWE.
Kwelinye idolobha imikhaya engu-3 500 ihlala ematendeni futhi intula amanzi nesimiso sokukhucululwa kwendle
[Umthombo]
© Tim Dirven/Panos Pictures
[Isithombe ekhasini 20]
ENYAKATHO MELIKA