Incwadi YeBhayibheli Yama-34—UNahume

Umlobi: UNahume

Yalotshelwa: KwaJuda

Ukuloba Kwaphela: Ngaphambi kuka-632 B.C.E.

 1. Yini eyaziwayo ngeNineve lasendulo?

“ISIPROFETHO ngeNineve.” (Nah. 1:⁠1) Isiprofetho sikaNahume siqalisa ngalamazwi ayibika lokubi. Kodwa kungani enza lesiprofetho sokwahlulela? Yini eyaziwayo ngeNineve lasendulo? UNahume ufingqa umlando walo ngamagama amabili: “umuzi wezingazi.” (3:⁠1) Izindunduma ezimbili ezisosebeni olusempumalanga loMfula iTigris ngaphesheya kwedolobha lanamuhla laseMosul, eIraq esenyakatho, ziyisiza seNineve lasendulo. Lalibiyelwe kakhulu ngezindonga nangemihosha futhi laliyinhloko-dolobha yoMbuso waseAsiriya engxenyeni yokugcina yomlando walo. Nokho, umsuka walomuzi uhlehlela emuva ezinsukwini zikaNimrode, “iphisi elinamandla ebusweni bukaJehova. . . . Waya eAsiriya, wakha iNineve.” (Gen. 10:​9-11) Ngaleyondlela iNineve lalinesiqalo esibi. Laduma ikakhulukazi phakathi nokubusa kukaSarigoni, uSaneheribi, uEsari-Hadoni, noAshurbanipal, enkathini yokugcina yoMbuso waseAsiriya. Ngezimpi nokunqoba, lazicebisa ngempango futhi laduma ngempatho yonya, neyobulwane ababusi balo abaphatha ngayo abathunjwa abaningi.a UC. W. Ceram, ekhasini 266 lencwadi yakhe ethi Gods, Graves and Scholars (1954) uthi: “Ukuphela kwento eyenza iNineve lagxila ezingqondweni zabantu kwakuwukubulala, ukuphanga, ukucindezela, nokunukubezwa kwababuthaka; ngempi nangazo zonke izindlela zobudlova obungokwenyama; ngezenzo zababusi bohlanga ababenequngo becindezela abantu ngokubesabisa nalabo ngokuvamile ababebulawa izimbangi ezazinonya ngaphezu kwabo.”

 2. Yayiluhlobo luni inkolo yaseNineve?

² Kuthiwani ngenkolo yaseNineve? Lalikhulekela onkulunkulu abaningi kakhulu, abaningi babo babethathwe eBabiloni. Ababusi balo babenxusa kulabonkulunkulu lapho bephuma beyobhubhisa futhi babulale, futhi abapristi balo abahahayo babeshoshozela imikhankaso yalo yokunqoba, bebheke phambili enkokhelweni ecebile ababezoyithola empangweni. Encwadini yakhe ethi Ancient Cities (1886, ikhasi 25), uW. B. Wright uthi: “Babekhulekela amandla, futhi babethandaza kuphela ezithombeni ezinkulu zetshe, izingonyama nezinkunzi ezizinyawo zazo ezinkulu, amaphiko okhozi, namakhanda abantu okwakufanekisela amandla, isibindi, nokunqoba. Ukulwa kwakuwumsebenzi wesizwe, futhi abapristi babengabagqugquzeli bempi abangakhathali. Babondliwa ikakhulukazi ngempango etholakale ngokunqoba, okwakunengxenye yayo engaguquki eyayabelwa bona ngaphambi kokuba abanye babe nengxenye, ngoba lomncintiswano wabaphangi ikakhulukazi wawungowenkolo.”

 3. (a) Kungayiphi indlela incazelo yegama likaNahume ifaneleka? (b) Isiprofetho sikaNahume singesayiphi inkathi?

³ Isiprofetho sikaNahume, nakuba sisifushane, sithakazelisa kakhulu. Ukuphela kwento esiyaziyo ngomprofethi ngokwakhe iqukethwe evesini lokuqala: “Incwadi yombono kaNahume wase-Elikoshi.” Igama lakhe (ngesiHeberu, Na·chumʹ) lisho ukuthi “uMduduzi.” Ngokuqinisekile isigijimi sakhe sasingeyona induduzo eNineve, kodwa kubantu abangabakaNkulunkulu ngempela, sasisho ukukhululwa okuqinisekile nokuhlala njalo esitheni esingaguquki nesinamandla. Kuyaduduza, futhi, ukuthi uNahume akasho lutho ngezono zabantu bakubo. Nakuba kungaziwa ngokuthé ngqo ukuthi yayikuphi iElikoshi, kubonakala kunokwenzeka ukuthi isiprofetho salotshelwa kwaJuda. (Nah. 1:​15) Lapho uNahume eloba isiprofetho sakhe ukuwa kweNineve, okwenzeka ngo-632 B.C.E., kwakusengokwesikhathi esizayo, futhi ufanisa lesenzakalo nokuwa kweNo-Amoni (iThebesi, eGibithe) okwenzeka ngokushesha ngaphambi kwalokhu. (3:⁠8) Ngakho-ke, kumelwe ukuba uNahume waloba isiprofetho sakhe esikhathini esithile phakathi nalenkathi.

 4. Yiziphi izici zokuloba ezisobala encwadini kaNahume?

⁴ Indlela lencwadi elotshwe ngayo ihlukile. Ayinawo amagama ashwampuluzayo. Amandla ayo nokuba ngokoqobo kwayo kuyahambisana nokuba kwayo ingxenye yemibhalo ephefumlelwe. UNahume uhamba phambili ngolimi oluchazayo, olushukumisa umzwelo, noluvusa amadlingozi, kanye nangenkulumo enesizotha, ukucaca kolimi olungokomfanekiso, nezinkulumwana ezihlaba umxhwele ngemifanekiso. (1:​2-8, 12-14; 2:​4, 12; 3:​1-5, 13-15, 18, 19) Ingxenye enkulu yesahluko sokuqala ibonakala ilotshwe njengenkondlo enesigqi. (1:⁠8, umbhalo waphansi weNW.) Indlela kaNahume yokuloba icetshiswe ukuthi isihloko sayo sinye. Usenyanya ngokuphelele isitha sikaIsrayeli esikhohlisayo. Akukho lutho alubonayo ngaphandle kokwahlulelwa kweNineve.

 5. Yini ebonisa ubuqiniso besiprofetho sikaNahume?

⁵ Ubuqiniso besiprofetho sikaNahume bufakazelwa ukunemba kokugcwaliseka kwaso. Ngosuku lukaNahume, ubani omunye ngaphandle komprofethi kaJehova owayengalokotha abikezele ukuthi inhloko-dolobha eqhoshayo yombuso wezwe waseAsiriya yayiyofohlwa ‘emasangweni emifula,’ indlu yayo yobukhosi incibilikiswe, yona ngokwayo ibe ‘yize, ingabi nalutho, ibe umuzi ochithekile’? (2:​6-10) Izenzakalo ezalandela zabonisa ukuthi isiprofetho ngempela sasiphefumlelwe uNkulunkulu. Izincwadi zomlando wenkosi yaseBabiloni uNabopolassar zichaza ukuthunjwa kweNineve amaMede nabaseBabiloni: “Umuzi [bawuphendula] amagquma encithakalo nezidu[li (zemvithi) . . . ].”b INineve lachithwa ngokuphelele kangangokuthi ngisho nesiza salo salibaleka amakhulu amaningi eminyaka. Abanye abahlaziyi balihleka usulu iBhayibheli kuleliphuzu, bethi iNineve akunakwenzeka ukuthi lake laba khona.

 6. Yini eye yavubukulwa esizeni saseNineve lasendulo elwela ukunemba kwencwadi kaNahume?

⁶ Nokho, ukunezela ngokwengeziwe ebufakazini bobuqiniso bencwadi kaNahume, isiza saseNineve satholakala, futhi ukuvubukula kwaqaliswa lapho ekhulwini le-19 leminyaka. Kwalinganiselwa ukuthi kwakuyodingeka ukuba kususwe izigidi zamathani omhlabathi ukuze limbiwe ngokuphelele. Yini eye yavubukulwa eNineve? Okuningi okusekela ukunemba kwesiprofetho sikaNahume! Ngokwesibonelo, izikhumbuzo zalo nemibhalo eqoshiwe kufakazela unya lwalo, futhi kunezinsalela zezithombe ezinkulu zezinkunzi ezinamaphiko nezingonyama. Akumangalisi ukuthi uNahume wakhuluma ngalo ngokuthi “umphandu wezingonyama”!​—⁠2:​11.c

 7. Yini esekela ukuba kwencwadi kaNahume ingxenye yohlu lwezincwadi zeBhayibheli?

⁷ Ukuthi incwadi kaNahume iyingxenye yohlu lwezincwadi zeBhayibheli kuboniswa ukwamukelwa kwalencwadi amaJuda njengengxenye yemiBhalo ephefumlelwe. Ivumelana ngokuphelele nalo lonke iBhayibheli. Isiprofetho sishiwo egameni likaJehova, njengoba siphethe ubufakazi obunamandla ngezimfanelo zakhe nobukhulu.

OKUQUKETHWE INCWADI KANAHUME

 8. Yisiphi isahlulelo esibikezelwayo ngeNineve, kodwa yiziphi izindaba ezinhle ngoJuda?

⁸ Isiprofetho sikaJehova ngeNineve (1:​1-15). “UJehova unguNkulunkulu ofuna ukuzinikela okukhethekile.” Umprofethi usethula ngalamazwi ‘isiprofetho ngeNineve.’ (1:​1, 2, qhathanisa neNW.) Nakuba uJehova ephuza ukuthukuthela, mbone manje njengoba ebonisa impindiselo ngesivunguvungu nesiphepho. Izintaba ziyathuthumela, amagquma ayancibilika, futhi umhlaba uyaphakama. Ubani ongama phambi kokufutheka kwentukuthelo yakhe na? Noma kunjalo, uJehova uyinqaba kulabo abaphephela kuye. Kodwa iNineve linqunyelwe ukubhujiswa. Liyobhujiswa ngesikhukhula, futhi “ukuhlupheka akuyikuvela ngokwesibili.” (1:⁠9) UJehova uyolisula nya igama lalo nonkulunkulu balo. Uyolingcwaba. Ngokuphambene ngendlela eqabulayo, kunezindaba ezinhle ngoJuda! Ziyini? Ummemezeli wokuthula ufika kubo ezogubha imikhosi yabo agcwalise izifungo zabo, ngoba isitha, “omubi,” wahlulelwe. “Unqunyiwe ngokupheleleyo.”​—⁠1:⁠15.

 9. Yimuphi umbono ongokwesiprofetho esiwutholayo ngokunqotshwa kweNineve?

⁹ Umbono wokubhujiswa kweNineve (2:⁠1–3:​19). UNahume uphonsela iNineve inselele echukuluzayo ukuba liziqinisele umchithi ozayo. UJehova uyophinde abuyise okungokwakhe, ‘ukuphakama kukaJakobe nokukaIsrayeli.’ Bheka isihlangu nesambatho esibomvu samadoda akhe anamandla nezinsimbi ezibengezela umlilo ‘zezinqola zakhe ngosuku lokuzilungisela kwakhe’! Izinqola “ziyahlanya” ezitaladini, zigijima njengemibani. (2:​2-⁠4) Manje sithola umbono wempi ongokwesiprofetho. AbaseNineve bayakhubeka futhi bashesha ukuvikela izingange kodwa kuba nhlanga zimuka nomoya. Amasango emifula ayavuleka, indlu yamakhosi iyancibilika, futhi izincekukazi ziyabubula futhi zibetha phezu kwezinhliziyo zazo. Amadoda abalekayo ayalwa ukuba ame, kodwa akekho ophendukayo. Umuzi uyaphangwa futhi wenziwa incithakalo. Izinhliziyo ziyancibilika. Uphi manje lomphandu wezingonyama? Ingonyama igcwalise umgede wayo ngokudla okwanele amabhongo ayo, kodwa uJehova uthi: “Bheka, ngimelene nawe.” (2:​13) Yebo, uJehova uyozishisa izinqola zempi zaseNineve, athume inkemba ukuba idle amabhongo ezingonyama zalo, futhi anqume impango yalo emhlabeni.

10. INineve lidalulwa njengani, futhi isiphetho salo sichazwa kanjani ngokuqhubekayo?

¹⁰ “Wo kumuzi wezingazi . . . ugcwele amanga nempango.” Yizwa ukuqhuma kwesiswebhu nokugodlozela kwamasondo. Bona ihhashi eligadulayo, inqola exhumayo, abamahhashi abasukelayo, inkemba enjengelangabi, nomkhonto onyazimayo​—⁠bese kuba inqwaba yezidumbu. “Kungekho ukuphela kwezidikadika.” (3:​1, 3) Ngani? Ngoba liye layenga izizwe ngobufebe balo nemindeni ngamalumbo alo. Ngokwesibili uJehova uthi: “Bheka, ngimelene nawe.” (3:⁠5) INineve liyodalulwa njengesiphingikazi futhi liyochithwa, isiphetho salo ngeke sibe ngcono kuneseNo-Amoni (iThebesi), elathunjwa yiAsiriya. Izinqaba zalo zinjengamakhiwane avuthiwe, “uma [e]nyakaziswa, awela emlonyeni wodlayo.” (3:​12) Amaqhawe alo anjengabesifazane. Akukho lutho olungasindisa iNineve emlilweni nasenkembeni. Izikhulu zalo ziyobaleka njengamaqulo esikhonyane ngosuku olubalele, futhi abantu balo bayohlakazeka. Inkosi yaseAsiriya iyokwazi ukuthi akukho ukupholiswa, futhi akukho ukuphulukiswa kulokhu kwaphulwa. Bonke abezwa lombiko bayoshaya izandla zabo, ngoba bonke bahluphekile ngobubi beAsiriya.

ISIZATHU SOKUBA IBE NENZUZO

11. Yiziphi izimiso zeBhayibheli eziyisisekelo ezicaciswa encwadini kaNahume?

¹¹ Isiprofetho sikaNahume sibonisa ezinye izimiso zeBhayibheli eziyisisekelo. Amazwi okuqala ombono aphinda isizathu sikaNkulunkulu sokunikeza owesibili weMithetho Eyishumi: “UJehova unguNkulunkulu ofuna ukuzinikela okukhethekile.” (NW) Ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho wenza kwaziwe ukuqiniseka ‘kokuziphindisela kwakhe kwabamelene naye.’ Ukuqhosha konya kweAsiriya nonkulunkulu bamaqaba ngeke kulisindise ekukhishweni kwesahlulelo sikaJehova. Singaqiniseka ngokuthi ngesikhathi esifanele uJehova ngokufanayo uyokwahlulela ngokulunga bonke ababi. “UJehova wephuza ukuthukuthela, mkhulu ngamandla, akenzi onecala abe-msulwa.” Kanjalo ukwahlulela ngokulunga kukaJehova nobukhulu kuphakanyiswa kakhulu ekubhubhiseni kwakhe iAsiriya elinamandla. INineve laba ‘yize, elingasenalutho, nelichithekile!’​—⁠1:​2, 3; 2:⁠10.

12. Yikuphi ukubuyiselwa uNahume akumemezelayo, futhi isiprofetho sakhe singahlanganiswa kanjani nethemba loMbuso?

¹² Ngokuphambene ‘nokunqunywa ngokuphelele’ kweNineve, uNahume umemezela ukubuyiselwa ‘kokuphakama kukaJakobe nokukaIsrayeli.’ UJehova futhi uthumela izindaba ezijabulisayo kubantu bakhe: “Bheka ezintabeni izinyawo zoletha izindaba ezinhle, omemezela ukuthula.” Lezindaba zokuthula zihlangene noMbuso kaNkulunkulu. Sikwazi kanjani lokhu? Kusobala ngenxa yokusebenzisa kukaIsaya lenkulumo efanayo, kodwa anezela kuyo amazwi athi: “Obika izindaba ezinhle, ezwakalise ukusindiswa, oshoyo kulo iSiyoni ukuthi: UNkulunkulu wakho uyinkosi.” (Nah. 1:​15; 2:⁠2; Isaya 52:⁠7) Futhi, umphostoli uPawulu kwabaseRoma 10:​15 usebenzisa lenkulumo kulabo uJehova abathuma njengabashumayeli bezindaba ezinhle abangamaKristu. Laba bamemezela “izindaba ezinhle zombuso.” (Math. 24:​14, NW) Ngokuvumelana nencazelo yegama lakhe, uNahume unikeza induduzo enkulu kubo bonke abafuna ukuthula nensindiso okuyolethwa uMbuso kaNkulunkulu. Ngokuqinisekile bonke laba bayoqaphela ukuthi ‘uJehova muhle, uyinqaba ngosuku lwenhlupheko kulabo abaphephela kuye.’​—⁠Nah. 1:⁠7.

[Imibhalo yaphansi]