Incwadi YeBhayibheli Yama-33—UMika
Umlobi: UMika
Yalotshelwa: KwaJuda
Ukuloba Kwaphela: Ngaphambi kuka-717 B.C.E.
Isikhathi Esihlanganisiwe: Cishe u-777–717 B.C.E.
1. UMika wayeluhlobo luni lwendoda?
CABANGA ngendoda evuthiwe, umuntu oseneminyaka eminingi enkonzweni yokwethembeka kuJehova. Cabanga ngendoda enesibindi, umuntu owayengatshela ababusi besizwe sakubo, “Nina enizonda okuhle, nithanda okubi, . . . enidla inyama yabantu bami, nihlinza kubo isikhumba sabo.” Cabanga ngendoda ethobekile, umuntu onikeza uJehova, akhuluma ngomoya wakhe, lonke udumo ngeziprofetho zakhe ezinamandla. Ubungeke yini ubujabulele ubungane nomuntu onjalo? Yeka ingcebo yokwaziswa neseluleko esinengqondo ayengakudlulisela! Umprofethi uMika wayeyindoda enjalo. Sisakwazi ukusithola iseluleko sakhe esihle kakhulu encwadini eqanjwe ngegama lakhe.—Mika 3:2, 3, 8.
2. Yini eyaziwayo ngokuphathelene noMika nenkathi yokuprofetha kwakhe?
2 Njengoba kunjalo ngabaningi abaprofethi, kuncane kakhulu okushiwoyo ngoMika ngokwakhe encwadini yakhe; isigijimi esasibalulekile. Igama elithi Mika liwukufushaniswa kwegama elithi Mikayeli (elisho ukuthi, “Ubani OnjengoNkulunkulu?”) noma elithi Mikhaya (elisho ukuthi, “Ubani OnjengoJehova?”). Wakhonza njengomprofethi phakathi nokubusa kukaJothamu, uAhazi, noHezekiya (777-717 B.C.E.), okwamenza waba untanga wabaprofethi uIsaya noHoseya. (Isaya 1:1; Hos. 1:1) Akukho ukuqiniseka ngokuthi waprofetha isikhathi esingakanani ngokuthé ngqo, kodwa aseqanga eminyakeni engu-60. Iziprofetho zakhe zokuchithwa kweSamariya kumelwe ukuba zanikezwa ngaphambi kokubhujiswa komuzi ngo-740 B.C.E., futhi kumelwe ukuba konke ukuloba kwaphela ekupheleni kokubusa kukaHezekiya, ngo-717 B.C.E. (Mika 1:1) UMika wayengumprofethi wasemaphandleni emzaneni waseMoresheti eShefela elivundile, eningizimu-ntshonalanga yeJerusalema. Ukujwayelana kwakhe nokuphila kwasemaphandleni kubonakala ohlotsheni lwemifanekiso ayisebenzisayo ukuze agcizelele amaphuzu ezinkulumo zakhe.—2:12; 4:12, 13; 6:15; 7:1, 4, 14.
3. UMika wakhonza ngaziphi izikhathi ezibalulekile, futhi kungani uJehova amthuma njengomprofethi?
3 UMika waphila ezikhathini eziyingozi nezibalulekile. Izenzakalo ezazenzeka ngokushesha zazibikezela ukwahlulelwa kombuso wakwaIsrayeli nowakwaJuda. Ukonakala kokuziphatha nokukhulekela izithombe kwase kunezimpande kwaIsrayeli, futhi lokhu kwalethela isizwe ukubhujiswa yiAsiriya, ngokusobala phakathi nesikhathi sokuphila kukaMika. UJuda wasuka ekwenzeni okuhle ekubuseni kukaJothamu wajikela ekuphindeni kabili ububi bukaIsrayeli ekubuseni kuka-Ahazi kokuhlubuka wabuye walulama phakathi nokubusa kukaHezekiya. UJehova wamisa uMika ukuba axwayise abantu baKhe ngokunamandla ngalokho Yena ayezokuletha phezu kwabo. Iziprofetho zikaMika zasebenza ekuqiniseni lezo zikaIsaya noHoseya.—2 AmaKh. 15:32–20:21; 2 IziKr. izahl. 27-32; Isaya 7:17; Hos. 8:8; 2 Kor. 13:1.
4. Yini efakazela ubuqiniso bencwadi kaMika?
4 Kunobufakazi obuningi obubonisa ubuqiniso bencwadi kaMika. Ibilokhu yamukelwa amaJuda njengengxenye yohlu lwezincwadi zeBhayibheli zesiHeberu. UJeremiya 26:18, 19 ubhekisela ngokuqondile emazwini kaMika: “ISiyoni liyakulinywa njengensimu, iJerusalema libe-yincithakalo.” (Mika 3:12) Lesiprofetho sagcwaliseka ngokunembile ngo-607 B.C.E. lapho inkosi yaseBabiloni ichitha iJerusalema “ukuze ibhubhise.” (2 IziKr. 36:19, NW) Isiprofetho esifanayo ngeSamariya, sokuthi laliyoba “yizihlephu zasendle,” naso sagcwaliseka. (Mika 1:6, 7) ISamariya labhujiswa abaseAsiriya ngo-740 B.C.E. lapho bethumba umbuso wakwaIsrayeli wasenyakatho. (2 AmaKh. 17:5, 6) Kamuva lanqotshwa uAlexander Omkhulu ekhulwini lesine leminyaka B.C.E. futhi labhujiswa amaJuda ngaphansi kukaJohn Hyrcanus I ekhulwini lesibili leminyaka B.C.E. Ngalokhu kubhujiswa kokugcina kweSamariya, iNew Westminster Dictionary of the Bible, 1970, ikhasi 822, ithi: “Umnqobi walichitha, ezama ukususa bonke ubufakazi bokuthi kwake kwama umuzi obiyelweyo kuleligquma.”
5. Imivubukulo ikufakazela kanjani ukugcwaliseka kweziprofetho zikaMika?
5 Ubufakazi bemivubukulo nabo buyanezela ekusekeleni ukugcwaliseka kwesiprofetho sikaMika. Ukubhujiswa kweSamariya abaseAsiriya kubhekiselwa kukho ezincwadini zemilando yaseAsiriya. Ngokwesibonelo, inkosi yaseAsiriya uSarigoni yaqhosha: “Ngavimbezela iSamariya (Sa-me-ri-na) futhi ngalinqoba.”a Nokho, kungenzeka ukuthi eqinisweni owayandulela uSarigoni esikhundleni, uShalimaneseri V, uyena owaqedela ukunqoba. Ngokuphathelene noShalimaneseri, umbhalo wemilando yaseBabiloni uthi: “Walichitha iSamariya.”b Ukuhlaselwa kukaJuda ekubuseni kukaHezekiya, njengoba kwabikezelwa uMika, kwalotshwa kahle uSaneheribi. (Mika 1:6, 9; 2 AmaKh. 18:13) Wayala ukuba kuqoshwe isithombe esikhulu esinezigaba ezine odongeni lwesigodlo sakhe eNineve esibonisa ukuthunjwa kweLakishi. Kunxa-ntathu wakhe ulobé ukuthi: “Ngavimbezela engu-46 yemizi yakhe enamandla . . . ngaxosha (kuyo) abantu abangu-200 150 . . . Yena ngamenza isiboshwa eJerusalema, indawo yakhe yobukhosi, njengenyoni isendlwaneni yayo.” Ufaka futhi ohlwini izinto azikhokhelwa uHezekiya, nakuba esho inani elikhulu kunalelo ezaziyilo. Akakhulumi lutho ngosizi olwehlela amasosha akhe.c—2 AmaKh. 18:14-16; 19:35.
6. Yini eyenza kungabi nakungabaza ngokuphefumlelwa kwencwadi kaMika?
6 Okwenza kungabikho ngisho nokuncane ukungabaza ngokuphefumlelwa kwalencwadi yisiprofetho esivelele sikaMika 5:2, esibikezela indawo yokuzalwa kukaMesiya. (Math. 2:4-6) Kunezindinyana futhi ezifanekiselwa yizinkulumo ezisemiBhalweni YamaKristu YesiGreki.—Mika 7:6, 20; Math. 10:35, 36; Luka 1:72, 73.
7. Yini engashiwo ngekhono likaMika lokukhuluma?
7 Nakuba kungenzeka ukuthi uMika wayevela emaphandleni akwaJuda, ngokuqinisekile wayengalintuli ikhono lokukhuluma. Ezinye zezinkulumo ezinhle kakhulu eziseZwini likaNkulunkulu zitholakala encwadini yakhe. Isahluko 6 silotshwe njengengxoxo yokuphendulana ehlaba umxhwele. Ukushintsha okungazelelwe kuthatha ukunakekela komfundi njengoba uMika esuka ngokushesha kwelinye iphuzu eya kwelinye, esuka ekuqalekiseni eya ekubusiseni abuye abuyele khona futhi. (Mika 2:10, 12; 3:1, 12; 4:1) Kugcwele izifenqo ezicacile: Ekuphumeni kukaJehova, “izintaba ziyakuncibilika phansi kwakhe, nezigodi ziyakuqhekezeka njengengcina phambi komlilo, njengamanzi athululwé emaweni.”—1:4; bheka futhi no-7:17.
8. Yini equkethwe ingxenye ngayinye kwezintathu zikaMika?
8 Lencwadi ingahlukaniswa ibe izingxenye ezintathu, ingxenye ngayinye iqala ngamazwi athi “Zwanini” futhi iqukethe ukusola, izixwayiso zesijeziso, nezithembiso zesibusiso.
OKUQUKETHWE INCWADI KAMIKA
9. Yiziphi izijeziso ezimenyezelwayo ngeSamariya noJuda?
9 Ingxenye 1 (1:1–2:13). UJehova uyaphuma ethempelini lakhe ukuba ajezise iSamariya ngokukhulekela kwalo izithombe. Uyolenza libe “yizihlephu” futhi ‘aqulele amatshe alo esigodini,’ kuyilapho aphula izithombe zalo ezibaziweyo. Ngeke liphulukiswe. UJuda naye unecala futhi uyohlaselwa kuze kufike “esangweni laseJerusalema.” Labo abaceba izinto ezilimazayo bayalahlwa futhi bayolila: “Sichithiwe nokuchithwa.”—1:6, 12; 2:4.
10. Ububele bukaJehova bubonakala kanjani?
10 Ngokungazelelwe kubonakala ububele bukaJehova njengoba, egameni likaJehova, umprofethi esho: “Ngiyakukubutha, Jakobe . . . ngiyakubabeka ndawonye njengezimvu zaseBosira, njengomhlambi phakathi kwedlelo lawo, kwenziwe ukukhamuluka okuvela kubantu.”—2:12.
11. (a) Yikuphi ukusolwa manje okuqondiswa kubabusi bakwaJakobe nakwaIsrayeli? (b) UMika uwuvuma kanjani umthombo wesibindi sakhe?
11 Ingxenye 2 (3:1–5:15). Khona-ke uMika uyaqhubeka: “Zwanini nina-zinhloko zakwaJakobe, nani-zikhulu zendlu yakwaIsrayeli.” Ukusola okuhlabayo kuqondiswa kulaba ‘abazonda okuhle, bethanda okubi’ abacindezela abantu. Baye ‘baphula amathambo abo.’ (3:1-3) Kubona kuhlanganiswe abaprofethi bamanga abanganikezi isiqondiso seqiniso, bedukisa abantu bakaNkulunkulu. Kudingeka isibindi esingaphezu kwesabantu ukuze kumenyezelwe lesigijimi! Kodwa ngokuqiniseka uMika uthi: “Mina ngigcwele amandla ngoMoya kaJehova ngokulunga nangobuqhawe ukuba ngimtshele uJakobe iziphambeko zakhe, uIsrayeli izono zakhe.” (3:8) Ukusola kwakhe ababusi abanecala legazi kufinyelela umvuthwandaba ohlabayo: ‘Izinhloko zalo zahlulela ngemivuzo, abapristi balo bafundisa ngenkokhelo, abaprofethi balo babhula ngemali.’ (3:11) Ngakho-ke iSiyoni liyolinywa njengensimu, futhi iJerusalema liyomane libe yincithakalo.
12. Yisiphi isiprofetho esihle esinikezwayo ‘ngengxenye yokugcina yezinsuku’?
12 Siphinda futhi sishintsha kungazelelwe, isiprofetho siphendukela “engxenyeni yokugcina yezinsuku” ukuba sinikeze incazelo enhle, eshukumisayo yokubuyiselwa kokukhulekelwa kukaJehova entabeni yakhe. (4:1, qhathanisa neNW.) Izizwe eziningi ziyokhuphuka ziyofunda izindlela zikaJehova, ngoba umthetho wakhe nezwi kuyovela eSiyoni naseJerusalema. Ngeke zisayifunda impi, kodwa ngasinye siyohlala ngaphansi komvini nomkhiwane waso. Ngeke zesabe. Abantu mabalandele kube yilowo nalowo unkulunkulu wakhe, kodwa abakhulekeli beqiniso bayohamba egameni likaJehova uNkulunkulu wabo, futhi uyobusa phezu kwabo njengeNkosi kuze kube-phakade. Nokho, okokuqala iSiyoni kumelwe liye ekuthunjweni kwaseBabiloni. Kungenkathi yokubuyiselwa kwalo kuphela lapho uJehova eyochoboza khona izitha zalo.
13. Luhlobo luni lombusi oyovela eBetlehema, futhi “insali yakwaJakobe” iyoba njengani?
13 Manje uMika ubikezela ukuthi umbusi wakwaIsrayeli “okuvela kwakhe kusukela endulo” uyophuma eBetlehema-Efratha. Uyobusa ‘njengomalusi ngamandla kaJehova’ futhi abe mkhulu, hhayi nje kwaIsrayeli, kodwa “kuze kube-semajukujukwini omhlaba.” (5:2, 4) UmAsiriya ohlaselayo uyoba nempumelelo yesikhashana kuphela ngoba uyobuyiselwa emuva futhi izwe labo lenziwe incithakalo. “Insali yakwaJakobe” iyoba “njengamazolo avela kuJehova” phakathi kwabantu futhi ibe njengengonyama ngesibindi phakathi kwezizwe. (5:7) UJehova uyosiphula ukukhulekela kwamanga futhi enze impindiselo ezizweni ezingalaleli.
14. (a) Ingxenye 3 kaMika iqala ngokusebenzisa muphi umfanekiso? (b) Yiziphi izimfuneko zikaJehova abantu bakwaIsrayeli abahlulekile ukuhlangabezana nazo?
14 Ingxenye 3 (6:1–7:20). Isigcawu senkantolo esivusa amadlingozi manje sinikezwa njengengxoxo yokuphendulana. UJehova “unokuphikisana” noIsrayeli, futhi ubiza wona kanye amagquma nezintaba ukuba kube ngofakazi. (6:1) Unikeza uIsrayeli inselele yokuba amlahle ngobufakazi, futhi ubala izenzo zakhe ezilungileyo amenzela zona. Yini uJehova ayifunayo kumuntu? Akuyona imihlatshelo eminingi yezilwane, kodwa, kunalokho, “ukwenza ukulunga . . . nokuthanda umusa, [a]hambe noNkulunkulu [wakhe] [ngesizotha, NW].” (6:8) Yilokhu kanye okuntulekayo kwaIsrayeli. Esikhundleni sokulunga nomusa ‘kunezilinganiso ezimbi,’ ubudlova, amanga, nokukhohlisa. (6:11) Esikhundleni sokuhamba ngendlela yesizotha noNkulunkulu, bahamba ngamacebo amabi nokukhulekelwa kwezithombe kukaOmri noAhabi, ababebusa eSamariya.
15. (a) Yini umprofethi ayikhalelayo? (b) Yisiphi isiphetho esifanelekayo incwadi kaMika enaso?
15 Umprofethi uyakhala ngokonakala ngokokuziphatha kwabantu bakubo. Phela, ngisho “[n]olungileyo mubi kunothango lwameva.” (7:4) Kunokukhohlisana phakathi kwabangane abasondelene naphakathi endlini. UMika akadangali. “Ngiyakumbheka uJehova; ngiyakulindela uNkulunkulu wokusindiswa kwami; uNkulunkulu wami uyakungizwa.” (7:7) Uxwayisa abanye ukuba bangathokozi ngokujezisa kukaJehova abantu baKhe, ngoba ukukhululwa kuyofika. UJehova uyokwelusa futhi ondle abantu bakhe futhi ababonise “izimangaliso,” enze izizwe zesabe. (7:15) Ekuphetheni incwadi yakhe, uMika wenanela umqondo wencazelo yegama lakhe ngokudumisa uJehova ngomusa waKhe wothando ojabulisayo. Yebo, ‘ngubani onguNkulunkulu onjengoJehova?’—7:18.
ISIZATHU SOKUBA IBE NENZUZO
16. (a) Isiprofetho sikaMika sazibonakalisa kanjani siyinzuzo osukwini lukaHezekiya? (b) Yiziphi iziyalo ezinamandla esiziqukethe zalolusuku lwanamuhla?
16 Cishe eminyakeni engu-2 700 edlule, ukuprofetha kukaMika kwaba ‘okunenzuzo kakhulu ekusoleni,’ ngoba iNkosi yakwaJuda uHezekiya yasabela esigijimini sakhe futhi yaholela isizwe ekuphendukeni nasenkathini yenguquko engokwenkolo. (Mika 3:9-12; Jer. 26:18, 19; qhathanisa nawesi-2 AmaKhosi 18:1-4.) Namuhla lesiprofetho esiphefumlelwe sinenzuzo ngisho nangokwengeziwe. Zwanini, nonke nina enithi ningabakhulekeli bakaNkulunkulu, izixwayiso zikaMika ezisobala ngenkolo yamanga, ukukhulekela izithombe, ukuqamba amanga, nobudlova! (Mika 1:2; 3:1; 6:1) UPawulu uqinisekisa lezixwayiso kweyoku-1 Korinte 6:9-11, lapho ethi khona amaKristu eqiniso asehlanziwe nokuthi akukho muntu ozitika emikhubeni enjalo oyodla ifa loMbuso kaNkulunkulu. Kalula nangokucacile, uMika 6:8 uthi imfuneko kaJehova iwukuba umuntu ahambe naYe ngokulunga, ngomusa, nangokuthobeka.
17. Yisiphi isikhuthazo uMika asinikezayo kulabo abakhonza uNkulunkulu ngaphansi koshushiso nobunzima?
17 UMika wayisa isigijimi sakhe phakathi kwabantu ababehlukene kangangokuthi ‘izitha zomuntu kwakungamadoda endlu yakhe.’ AmaKristu eqiniso ngokuvamile ashumayela ezimweni ezinjalo, futhi amanye aze ahlangabezane ngisho nanokukhashelwa nokushushiswa kanzima phakathi ebuhlotsheni bawo bomkhaya. Ngaso sonke isikhathi adinga ukulindela uJehova ngokubekezela, ‘uNkulunkulu wensindiso yawo.’ (Mika 7:6, 7; Math. 10:21, 35-39) Beshushiswa noma bebhekene nesabelo esinzima, labo abathembela ngesibindi kuJehova, njengoMika, ‘bayogcwala amandla ngoMoya kaJehova,’ ekumemezeleni isigijimi saKhe. UMika waprofetha ukuthi isibindi esinjalo sasiyobonakala ngokukhethekile ‘ensalini yakwaJakobe.’ Laba babeyoba ‘njengengonyama phakathi kwezizwe, phakathi kwabantu abaningi,’ futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo babe njengamazolo aqabulayo nezihlambi ezivela kuJehova. Ngokuqinisekile lezimfanelo zazisobala ‘ensalini yakwaIsrayeli (uJakobe)’ eyaba amalungu ebandla lobuKristu lekhulu lokuqala leminyaka.—Mika 3:8; 5:7, 8; Roma 9:27; 11:5, 26.
18. Yisiphi isiprofetho sikaMika esihlangene nokubusa koMbuso kaNkulunkulu ngoKristu Jesu?
18 Ukuzalwa kukaJesu eBetlehema, ekugcwalisekeni kwesiprofetho sikaMika, akuqinisekisi nje kuphela ukuphefumlelwa kwaphezulu kwalencwadi kodwa kukhanyisa umongo walelivesi njengoprofetha ngokuza koMbuso kaNkulunkulu ngaphansi kukaKristu Jesu. UJesu nguye ovela eBetlehema (Indlu Yesinkwa) enezinzuzo ezinikeza ukuphila kubo bonke ababonisa ukholo emhlatshelweni wakhe. Nguye ‘owalusa ngamandla kaJehova’ futhi oba mkhulu akhulume ukuthula kuze kube semajukujukwini omhlaba phakathi komhlambi kaNkulunkulu obuyiselwe, onobunye.—Mika 5:2, 4; 2:12; Joh. 6:33-40.
19. (a) Yisiphi isikhuthazo esivuselel’ ukholo esinikezwa labo abaphila “engxenyeni yokugcina yezinsuku”? (b) UMika ubuphakamisa kanjani ubukhosi bukaJehova?
19 Kutholakala isikhuthazo esikhulu esiprofethweni sikaMika esiphathelene ‘nengxenye yokugcina yezinsuku,’ lapho “izizwe eziningi” zifuna ukufundiswa uJehova. “Ziyakukhanda izinkemba zazo zibe-ngamakhuba, imikhonto yazo ibe-ngocelemba; isizwe asiyikuphakamisela isizwe inkemba, zingabe zisafunda ukulwa. Bayakuhlala, kube-yilowo nalowo phansi komvini wakhe naphansi komkhiwane wakhe; akakho oyakubesabisa, ngokuba umlomo kaJehova-Sebawoti ukhulumile.” Njengoba beshiya konke ukukhulekela kwamanga, bahlanganyela noMika ekuqinisekiseni: “Thina siyakuhamba ngegama likaJehova uNkulunkulu wethu kuze kube-phakade naphakade.” Ngempela isiprofetho sikaMika sivusa ukholo ngokunikeza umbono walezenzakalo ezibalulekile. Ungovelele, futhi, ekuphakamiseni uJehova njengoMbusi neNkosi yaphakade. Yeka indlela avusa amadlingozi ngayo lamazwi: “UJehova uyakubusa phezu kwabo entabeni yaseSiyoni kusukela manje kuze kube-phakade”!—Mika 4:1-7; 1 Thim. 1:17.
[Imibhalo yaphansi]
a Ancient Near Eastern Texts, eyahlelwa uJames B. Pritchard, 1974, ikhasi 284.
b Assyrian and Babylonian Chronicles, ka-A. K. Grayson, 1975, ikhasi 73.
c Ancient Near Eastern Texts, 1974, ikhasi 288; Insight on the Scriptures, Umq. 2, amakhasi 894-5.