Ukusuka Esidlweni SePhasika Kuya Ensindisweni

“Ngiyakuthatha indebe yensindiso, ngibize igama likaJehova.”—IHUBO 116:13.

 1. Iyiphi ingoma osekuyisikhathi eside ithandwa engase ithinte ikusasa lakho?

WAWUNGAYIJABULELA kanjani ingoma ephathelene nokuba kwakho nekusasa elide, elijabulisayo? Eqinisweni, ingoma enjalo sekuyisikhathi eside ithandwa. Nokho, usesimweni esingcono kunabaningi sokuqonda nokujabulela lengoma ebalulekile. AmaJuda ayibiza ngokuthi iHallel (uDumo). Njengoba yakhiwa iHubo 113 kuya ku-118, isinxusa ukuba sihlabelele ‘uHaleluya’ noma ‘Sidumise uJah.’

 2. Lengoma isetshenziswa kanjani, futhi ihlangene kanjani neSidlo sePhasika?

² AmaJuda ahlabelela iHallel enkonzweni yawo yePhasika, ekuhlatshelelwa kwayo kuhlehlela emuva ngesikhathi uNkulunkulu enethempeli lapho izilwane zazenziwa khona imihlatshelo. Namuhla, ihlatshelelwa emakhaya amaJuda phakathi nenkonzo yePhasika nesidlo (Seder). Kodwa ambalwa kwayihlabelela eSidlweni sawo sePhasika athola ukubaluleka kwangempela kweHubo 116:13: “Ngiyakuthatha indebe yensindiso, ngibize igama likaJehova.” Nokho, kungani insindiso ihlanganiswa nePhasika, futhi kungenzeka yini ukuthi ukusindiswa kwakho kuhilelekile?

IPhasika—UMkhosi Wensindiso

 3. Siyini isizinda seSidlo sePhasika?

³ Khumbula ukuthi amaIsrayeli ayeyizigqila eGibithe ngaphansi kukaFaro ocindezelayo. Ekugcineni, uJehova waphakamisa uMose ukuba aholele abantu baKhe enkululekweni. Ngemva kokuba uNkulunkulu elethe izinhlupho eziyisishiyagalolunye eGibithe, uMose wamemezela eyeshumi. UJehova wayezobulala izibulo kuyo yonke imizi yaseGibithe. (Eksodusi 11:1-10) Nokho, amaIsrayeli ayengalondolozwa. Kanjani? Kwakufanele ahlabe imvu, abhece igazi layo ezinsikeni zomnyango nasekhothameni, futhi ahlale ngaphakathi edla isidlo sewundlu, isinkwa esingenamvubelo, nemifino emuncu. Phakathi nalesoSidlo sePhasika, uNkulunkulu ‘wayeyodlula’ ngaphandle kokubulala amazibulo awo.—Eksodusi 12:1-13.

 4, 5. IPhasika laholela kanjani ekusindisweni kwabaningi? (IHubo 106:7-10)

⁴ Esabela kulenhlupho yeshumi, uFaro watshela uMose: “Vukani niphume kubantu bami, nina nabantwana bakwaIsrayeli, nihambe niyokhonza uJehova.” (Eksodusi 12:29-32) Ngemva kokuba amaHeberu ‘nengxubevange’ yabantu ababezwelana nawo behambile, uFaro washintsha ingqondo yakhe futhi wabasukela. Ngalesosikhathi uNkulunkulu ngokuyisimangaliso wasiza abantu bakhe ukuba baphunyuke ngokudabula uLwandle Olubomvu, lapho uFaro namabutho akhe ayebalandela bafela khona.—Eksodusi 12:38; 14:5-28; IHubo 78:51-53; 136:13-15.

⁵ UMose watshela uIsrayeli oLwandle Olubomvu: “Ningesabi; qinani, nibone ukusindisa kukaJehova azakunenzela khona namuhla.” Kamuva bahlabelela: “UJehova ungamandla ami nehubo lami; waba-yinsindiso kimi; unguNkulunkulu wami: ngizakumdumisa.” (Eksodusi 14:13; 15:2) Yebo, ukophulwa kukaIsrayeli, kokubili enhluphweni yeshumi nasoLwandle Olubomvu, kwakuwukusindiswa. Umhubi wayengamchaza kahle uJehova ngokuthi unguNkulunkulu ‘owenza insindiso emhlabeni.’—IHubo 68:6, 20; 74:12-14; 78:12, 13, 22.

 6, 7. Kungani kwamiswa iPhasika, kodwa kungani manje ligcinwa ngendlela ehlukile ePhasikeni lokuqala?

⁶ AmaHeberu kwakudingeka agcine iPhasika njengesikhumbuzo sokusindiswa. UNkulunkulu wathi: “Lolosuku luyakuba-yisikhumbuzo kini, nilugcine lube-ngumkhosi kaJehova . . . izizukulwane ngezizukulwane.” (Eksodusi 12:14) Esidlweni sePhasika ngasinye ubaba kwakufanele akhumbuze umkhaya wakhe ngalokho kusindiswa. UJehova wayala: “Nxa abantwana benu besho kini, bethi: Iyini lenkonzo kini na? nithi: Kungumhlatshelo wephasika likaJehova owadlula kuzo izindlu zabantwana bakwaIsrayeli mhla ebulala abaseGibithe, ezophula izindlu zethu.”—Eksodusi 12:25-27.

⁷ Ukuthi amaJuda kuze kube namuhla aba neSidlo sePhasika kuqinisekisa ukuba yiqiniso elingokomlando kwaleyondaba. Nokho, eminye yemikhuba yawo, iyehluka kulokho uNkulunkulu ayekuyalile. IOrigins of the Seder ithi: “IBhayibheli lihlanganisa izingxoxo ezijulile ngePhasika nangoMkhosi Wesinkwa Esingenamvubelo; nokho, lezincazelo azifani nokugujwa kwamuva kwalomkhosi. Ikakhulukazi, lomkhosi ongokweBhayibheli ugxile emhlatshelweni wephasika, lowo ongaseyona into ebalulekile ezincwadini zangemva kweBhayibheli.” Isizathu esiyinhloko siwukuthi amaJuda awanalo ithempeli lokwenza imihlatshelo yezilwane.

 8. Sinasiphi isizathu esikhethekile sokucabangela iPhasika?

⁸ AmaKristu angayihlola ngokunenzuzo yonke imikhosi uNkulunkulu ayinika uIsrayeli wasendulo,a kodwa okwamanje izici ezithile zePhasika kufanele sizinakekele ngokukhethekile. UJesu, umJuda, waligcina iPhasika. Esenzakalweni sokugcina enza kanjalo kuso, wahlelela amaKristu okuwukuphela komkhosi waphezulu—iSidlo SeNkosi Sakusihlwa, isikhumbuzo sokufa kukaJesu. Ngakho lomkhosi wobuKristu uhlangene nePhasika.

Okungaphezu KweWundlu LePhasika

 9, 10. Kukanjani iwundlu lePhasika lalingumhlatshelo okhethekile, noma ovelele?

⁹ AmaHeberu 10:1 asitshela ukuthi ‘uMthetho wawuyisithunzi sezinto ezinhle ezizayo.’ ICyclopædia of Biblical, Theological, and Ecclesiastical Literature, kaM’Clintock noStrong, ithi: “Asikho esinye isithunzi sezinto ezinhle ezizayo ezaziqukethwe umthetho esingalingana nomkhosi wePhasika.” Ikakhulukazi iwundlu lePhasika lalisho okwedlulela ngalé komkhosi wokukhumbula indlela uNkulunkulu asindisa ngayo amazibulo futhi kamuva wonke amaHeberu ukuba aphume eGibithe.

¹⁰ Lelowundlu lalivelele ngezici eziningana. Ngokwesibonelo, imihlatshelo eminingi yezilwane yoMthetho kaMose yayinikelwa umuntu oyedwa ngokuqondene nezono zakhe siqu noma icala, futhi izingxenye zalezozilwane zazishiswa ealtare. (Levitikusi 4:22-35) Enye inyama yomnikelo wokuthula yayinikezwa umpristi onikelayo noma abanye abapristi. (Levitikusi 7:11-38) Nokho, iwundlu lePhasika lalingasetshenziswa ealtare, futhi lalinikelwa iqembu labantu, ngokuvamile umkhaya, okwakuyilo okwakufanele lilidle.—Eksodusi 12:4, 8-11.

11. Wawuyini umbono kaJehova ngewundlu lePhasika, futhi lalikhomba kuphi? (Numeri 9:13)

¹¹ UJehova wayelazisa iwundlu lePhasika kakhulu kangangokuthi wayelibiza ngokuthi ‘umhlatshelo wami.’ (Eksodusi 23:18; 34:25) Izazi ziye zathi “umhlatshelo wePhasika wawuwumhlatshelo kaJehova omuhle ngokukhethekile.” Ngokungenakuphikwa leliwundlu lalikhomba, noma lifanekisela, umhlatshelo kaJesu. Siyakwazi lokhu ngoba umphostoli uPawulu wabiza uJesu ngokuthi “elethu iphasika [e]lihlatshiwe.” (1 Korinte 5:7) UJesu wabizwa ngokuthi “iWundlu likaNkulunkulu” nangokuthi “iWundlu elahlatshwayo.”—Johane 1:29; IsAmbulo 5:12; IzEnzo 8:32.

Igazi Elisindisa Ukuphila

12. Iyiphi indima eyafezwa igazi lewundlu ePhasikeni lokuqala?

¹² Emuva eGibithe igazi lewundlu lalibaluleke kakhulu ekusindeni. Lapho uJehova ebulala amazibulo, wadlula ezindlini lapho kwakunegazi khona ezinsikeni zeminyango. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yokuthi amaHeberu ayengalileli ukufa kwamazibulo awo, ayesesimweni sokudabula uLwandle Olubomvu aye enkululekweni.

13, 14. Kukanjani igazi likaJesu lisindisa ukuphila futhi lidingekile ukuze umuntu asindiswe? (Efesu 1:13)

¹³ Igazi futhi lihilelekile ensindisweni namuhla—igazi likaJesu elachithwa. Lapho “liseduze iPhasika, umkhosi wabaJuda” ngo-32 C.E., uJesu watshela uquqaba lwezilaleli: “Odla inyama yami, aphuze igazi lami, unokuphila okuphakade; mina ngiyakumvusa ngomuhla wokuphela. Ngokuba inyama yami ingukudla isibili, negazi lami lingukuphuza isibili.” (Johane 6:4, 54, 55) Zonke izilaleli zakhe ezingamaJuda zazingacabanga ngePhasika elalisondele nangokuthi eGibithe kwasetshenziswa igazi lewundlu.

¹⁴ UJesu ngalesosikhathi wayengaxoxi ngezifanekiselo ezisetshenziswa eSidlweni SeNkosi Sakusihlwa. Lowomkhosi omusha wamaKristu awumiswanga kwaze kwaba unyaka kamuva, ngakho ngisho nabaphostoli abezwa uJesu ngo-32 C.E. babengazi lutho ngawo. Nakulokho, uJesu wayebonisa ukuthi igazi lakhe lalibalulekile ukuze kuzuzwe insindiso yaphakade. UPawulu wachaza: “Esinokuhlengwa kuye ngegazi lakhe, ukuthethelelwa kwezono ngokwengcebo yomusa wakhe.” (Efesu 1:7) Singaphila phakade kuphela ngokuthethelelwa ngesisekelo segazi likaJesu.

Yiphi Insindiso Futhi Kuphi?

15. KumaHeberu ayeseGibithe, iyiphi insindiso namalungelo okwaba nokwenzeka, futhi yini ayengenakho? (1 Korinte 10:1-5)

¹⁵ Insindiso elinganiselwe kuphela eyayihilelekile eGibithe lasendulo. Akekho owaphuma eGibithe owayelindele ukunikezwa ukuphila okungapheli ngemva kokuFuduka. Yiqiniso, uNkulunkulu wamisa amaLevi ukuba abe ngabapristi besizwe, futhi abanye besizwe sakwaJuda baba amakhosi esikhashana, kodwa bonke laba babezofa. (IzEnzo 2:29; Heberu 7:11, 23, 27) Nakuba “ingxubevange yabantu” nayo eyaphuma eGibithe yayingenawo lawomalungelo, yona, kanye namaHeberu, yayingaba nethemba lokufinyelela eZweni Lesithembiso futhi ijabulele ukuphila okuvamile ikhulekela uNkulunkulu. Futhi, izinceku zikaJehova zangaphambi kobuKristu zazinesisekelo sokuba nethemba lokuthi, ngesikhathi esifanele, zazingajabulela ukuphila okungapheli emhlabeni, lapho uNkulunkulu ayehlose ukuba isintu siphile khona. Lokhu kwakuyovumelana nesithembiso sikaJesu esikuJohane 6:54.

16. Luhlobo luni lwesindiso izinceku zikaNkulunkulu zasendulo ezazingaba nethemba layo?

¹⁶ UNkulunkulu wasebenzisa ezinye zezinceku zakhe zasendulo ukuba zilobe amazwi akhuthazayo ngokuba komhlaba odalelwe ukuba kuhlalwe kuwo nangokuphila kwabaqotho phakade kuwo. (IHubo 37:9-11; IzAga 2:21, 22; Isaya 45:18) Kodwa, abakhulekeli beqiniso babengayizuza kanjani insindiso enjalo uma befa? Ngokuba uNkulunkulu ababuyisele ekuphileni emhlabeni. Ngokwesibonelo, uJobe wazwakalisa ithemba lokuthi wayeyokhunjulwa futhi abuyiselwe ekuphileni. (Jobe 14:13-15; Daniyeli 12:13) Ngokusobala, olunye uhlobo lwensindiso luwukuphila phakade emhlabeni.—Mathewu 11:11.

17. IBhayibheli libonisa ukuthi abanye bangase bazuze yiphi insindiso ehlukile?

¹⁷ IBhayibheli likhuluma futhi ngokusindela ekuphileni ezulwini, lapho uJesu Kristu aya khona ngemva kokuvuswa kwakhe. “[U]khona ngakwesokunene sikaNkulunkulu esenyukele ezulwini, sekubekwé phansi kwakhe izingelosi, negunya, namandla.” (1 Petru 3:18, 22; Efesu 1:20-22; Heberu 9:24) Kodwa uJesu akuyena kuphela umuntu oyiswa ezulwini. UNkulunkulu uye wanquma ukuthi uyothatha futhi emhlabeni inani labanye elincane ngokuqhathaniswa. UJesu watshela abaphostoli: “Ekhaya likaBaba kukhona izindlu eziningi; . . . ngiya ukunilungisela indawo. Nanxa ngiya nginilungisela indawo, ngobuye ngize, nginibuyisele kimi ukuba lapho ngikhona nibe-khona nani.”—Johane 14:2, 3.

18. Manje sinasiphi isizathu sokugxila ekusindeleni ekuphileni kwasezulwini?

¹⁸ Ukusindela ekuphileni kwasezulwini ebunyeni noKristu ngokuqinisekile kuhle kakhulu kunensindiso elinganiselwe eyayihilelekile ePhasikeni lokuqala. (2 Thimothewu 2:10) Kwakukusihlwa ngesidlo sePhasika lokugcina elalisasebenza lapho uJesu amisa khona umkhosi omusha wabalandeli bakhe, owawugxile ekusindeleni ekuphileni kwasezulwini. Watshela abaphostoli: “Yenzani lokhu ukuba ningikhumbule.” (Luka 22:19) Ngaphambi kokuba sicabangele indlela amaKristu okumelwe agubhe ngayo lomkhosi, ake sicabangele indaba yokuthi kufanele sikwenze nini lokhu.

‘Isikhathi Esinqunyiwe’

19. Kungani kunengqondo ukuhlanganisa iPhasika neSindlo SeNkosi Sakusihlwa?

¹⁹ UJesu wayethé: “Nginxanele nokunxanela ukudla nani leliphasika ngingakahlupheki.” (Luka 22:15) Ngemva kwalokho wachaza ngeSidlo SeNkosi Sakusihlwa, okwakufanele abalandeli bakhe basigcine njengesikhumbuzo sokufa kwakhe. (Luka 22:19, 20) IPhasika laligujwa kanye ngonyaka. Ngakho, kunengqondo ukuthi iSidlo SeNkosi Sakusihlwa sigcinwe minyaka yonke. Nini? Ngokunengqondo, ekwindla ngesikhathi sePhasika. Lokho kuyosho ukuthi kuyoba ngoNisan 14 (ngokwekhalenda lamaJuda), kunokuba njalo kubambelelwe kuLwesihlanu ngoba kuwusuku uJesu afa ngalo.

20. Kungani oFakazi BakaJehova benesithakazelo kuNisan 14?

²⁰ Ngakho uNisan 14 wawuyoba usuku uPawulu ayecabanga ngalo lapho ebhala: “Ngokuba njalo, nxa nidla lesisinkwa niphuza lesisitsha, nimemezela ukufa kweNkosi, ize ifike.” (1 Korinte 11:26) Emakhulwini amabili eminyaka alandela, amaKristu amaningi abambelela kuNisan 14, aziwa ngokuthi amaQuartodeciman, okuyigama elivela kwelesiLatin elisho “okwe-14.” UM’Clintock noStrong bayabika: “Amasonto aseAsia Minor ayegubha ukufa kweNkosi ngosuku oluqondana nolwe-14 lwenyanga kaNisan, ngalolosuku, ngokombono walo lonke iSonto lasendulo, ukubethelwa okwenzeka ngalo.” Namuhla, oFakazi BakaJehova bagubha iSidlo SeNkosi Sakusihlwa minyaka yonke ngosuku oluqondana noNisan 14. Nokho, abanye baye baphawula ukuthi lokhu kungase kuhluke osukwini amaJuda agubha ngalo iPhasika lawo. Ngani?

21. Iwundlu lePhasika kwakumelwe lenziwe nini umhlatshelo, kodwa yini eyenziwa ngamaJuda namuhla?

²¹ Usuku lwamaHeberu lwaluqala ekushoneni kwelanga (cishe ngehora lesithupha) luye ekushoneni kwelanga langosuku olulandelayo. UNkulunkulu wayala ukuba iwundlu lePhasika libulawe ngoNisan 14 “phakathi kokuhlwa kokuqala nokwesibili.” (Eksodusi 12:6, NW) Lokho kwakuyoba nini? AmaJuda anamuhla anamathela embonweni wabefundisi bawo wokuthi iwundlu kwakufanele lihlatshwe ngasekupheleni kukaNisan 14, phakathi kwesikhathi lapho ilanga liqala ukushona (cishe ngehora lesithathu) nokushona kwangempela kwelanga. Ngenxa yalokho, aba neSidlo sawo sePhasika ngemva kokushona kwelanga, lapho uNisan 15 eseqalile.—Marku 1:32.

22. Siyini isizathu sokuba usuku lweSikhumbuzo lungase luhluke osukwini amaJuda agubha ngalo iPhasika lawo? (Marku 14:17; Johane 13:30)

²² Nokho, sinesizathu esihle sokuqonda lawomazwi ngokwehlukile. UDuteronomi 16:6 wawatshela ngokucacile amaIsrayeli ukuba “ahlabe umhlatshelo wephasika, kusihlwa, ekushoneni kwelanga.” (Inguqulo yamaJuda iTanakh) Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi amazwi athi “phakathi kokuhlwa kokuqala nokwesibili” ayebhekisele enkathini yokuhwalala, kusukela ekushoneni kwelanga (okuqala ngoNisan 14) kuya ebumnyameni obungokoqobo. AmaJuda asendulo angamaKaraiteb ayekuqonda ngalendlela, njengoba kwenza amaSamariyac kuze kube namuhla. Ukwamukela kwethu ukuthi iwundlu lePhasika lalihlatshwa futhi lidliwe ‘ngesikhathi sakho esinqunyiwe’ ngoNisan 14, hhayi ngoNisan 15, kungesinye sezizathu ezenza usuku lwethu lweSikhumbuzo ngezinye izikhathi luhluke osukwini lwamaJuda.—Numeri 9:2-5.

23. Kungani kunezelwa izinyanga ekhalendeni lamaHeberu, futhi lokhu kusingathwa kanjani amaJuda osuku lwanamuhla?

²³ Esinye isizathu esenza usuku lwethu luhluke kolwamaJuda siwukuthi asebenzisa ikhalenda elinqunywe kusengaphambili, okuyisimiso esasingasetshenziswa kwaze kwaba sekhulwini lesine leminyaka C.E. Esebenzisa lokhu, angamisa izinsuku zikaNisan 1 noma zemikhosi amashumi noma amakhulu eminyaka kusengaphambili. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ikhalenda lasendulo lalidinga ukuba kunezelwe inyanga ye-13 ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze lelokhalenda lihambisane nezinkathi zonyaka. Ikhalenda lamanje lamaJuda linezela lenyanga ezikhathini eziqondile; emjikelezweni weminyaka eyi-19, inezelwa eminyakeni wesi-3, 6, 8, 11, 14, 17, nowe-19.

24, 25. (a) Esikhathini sikaJesu, izinyanga zazilungiswa kanjani futhi kwakunqunywa kanjani ukuthi kuzodingeka izinyanga ezengeziwe? (b) Usuku lweSidlo SeNkosi Sakusihlwa lumiswa kanjani oFakazi BakaJehova?

²⁴ Nokho, uEmil Schürer uthi “ngesikhathi sikaJesu [amaJuda] ayengakabi nalo ikhalenda eliqondile, kodwa ngesisekelo salokho ayekubona kuphela, ayeqalisa inyanga entsha lapho kubonakala inyanga ewucezu, futhi ngokufanayo ngesisekelo salokho ayekubona” ayenezela inyanga njengoba kudingeka. “Uma . . . kwakubonakala ngasekupheleni konyaka ukuthi iPhasika lizoba ngaphambi kokudlula kwelanga enkabazwe ngentwasahlobo [cishe ngoMarch 21], kwakunqunywa ukuba kunezelwe inyanga ngaphambi kukaNisan.” (IHistory of the Jewish People in the Age of Jesus Christ, uMqulu 1) Ngaleyondlela lenyanga eyengeziwe izingenela ngokuzenzakalelayo, ayinezelwa ngombono womuntu.

²⁵ INdikimba Ebusayo yoFakazi BakaJehova imisa usuku lweSidlo SeNkosi Sakusihlwa ngokuvumelana nenqubo yasendulo. UNisan 1 unqunywa ngokuthi inyanga ewucezu esondele kakhulu ekudluleni kwelanga enkabazwe ngentwasahlobo ingase ibonwe ekushoneni kwelanga eJerusalema. Ukubala izinsuku eziyi-14 kusukela kulokho kuletha umuntu kuNisan 14, ngokuvamile oqondana nosuku lwenyanga ephelele. (Bheka INqabayokulinda yesiNgisi kaJune 15, 1977, amakhasi 383-4.) Ngesisekelo salendlela engokweBhayibheli, oFakazi BakaJehova embulungeni yonke baye batshelwa ukuthi ukugujwa kweSikhumbuzo kulonyaka kuzoba ngemva kokushona kwelanga ngoApril 10.

26. Yiziphi ezinye izici zeSidlo SeNkosi Sakusihlwa okudingeka ukuba sizinakekele?

²⁶ Lolusuku luqondana noNisan 14, owawungesikhathi uJesu egubha iPhasika lokugcina elalisebenza. Nokho, ukugubha iSikhumbuzo kuletha ekunakekeleni insindiso engalé kwalokho iSidlo sePhasika samaJuda esikhumbuza ngakho. Sonke kudingeka siqonde okwenzeka phakathi neSidlo SeNkosi Sakusihlwa, lokho esikushoyo, nendlela ukusindiswa kwethu okuhileleke ngayo.

[Imibhalo yaphansi]

Ubungaphendula Kanjani?

◻ Kungani iPhasika lihlanganiswa ngokufanelekile nensindiso?

◻ Umhlatshelo kaJesu ungakufeza kanjani okungaphezu kwalokho okwakufezwa iwundlu lePhasika?

◻ Iyiphi insindiso etholakala ngoJesu?

◻ OFakazi BakaJehova basimisa kanjani isikhathi esifanele seSidlo SeNkosi Sakusihlwa?