Mankhwala Amwambo mu Africa​—Kodi Ali Oyanjana ndi Chikristu?

Kwa mamiliyoni a anthu a mu Africa, ochiritsa mwa mwambo ali maziko awo okha a mankhwala a mtundu uliwonse. Ichi chiri chowona makamaka mumadera a ku midzi kumene zipatala ziri zochepa ndipo madotolo sapezekapezeka. Mankhwala amwambo, ngakhale kuli tero, kaŵirikaŵiri ali ndi mizu yozama mu kuchita ulauli ndi kukhulupirira mizimu. Kodi nchiyani chimene Mkrlstu ayenera kuchita pansi pa mikhalidwe imeneyi?

“‘AGBO” ameneyu mkuthekera konse adzamupha iye ndi kuika ku mapeto nsautso yake ndi yathu.’ Ndipo chotero, pa chiyembekezo chakuti mankhwala atsopano amenewa anayenera kutulukapo mkundichotsa ine, msanganizowo unatsiridwa kum’mero kwanga.”

Ichi chinalembedwa ndi dotolo wa mankhwala mu Lagos, Nigeria, nkhani ya mu Sunday Times yokhala ndi mutu wakuti “Musanyazitse Wochiritsa Wamwambo.” Iye anali kulongosola ndimotani mmene makolo ake anamupatsira chiyembekezo chakuchira kwake kuchokera ku matenda ake akayakaya pamene iye anali chaka chimodzi chokha. Mankhwalawo, otumizidwa kwa iwo ndi wochiritsa wa mwambo, anayamikiridwa chifukwa cha kusunga moyo wake.

Anthu a Chiafrica ambiri amene amayanja mankhwala amwambo amanena za kuchiritsa kwake kodabwitsa komwe kunachitika mu matenda amene mankhwala a ku chipatala analephera. Ena amadana nawo chifukwa cha kupanda ukhondo kwake, ndi kugwirizana kwake ndi mizimu. Pakatipo pali awo amene amaitanira kaamba ka kufufuzafufuza kwa sayansi mu mankhwala adzitsamba a kumaloko ndi kaamba ka kuzindikira kokulira ndi kuvomereza ochiritsa amwambo. Ambiri angakonde kuwona kusakaniza mwambo ndi mankhwala amakono, ali kumaloza ku kugwirizana pakati pa opereka mankhwala amagulu onse awiri mu China ndi India.

Ngakhale ngati inu simukhala mu Africa, mungakhale osangalatsidwa kudziwa ngati

mankhwala a mu Africa alidi okhutiritsa ndi opindulitsa. Bwanji ponena za miyambo yomwe iri yofala pakati pa anthu a mu Africa? Kodi mphamvu yoposa ya munthu iri mbali yoyenerera kapena mbali yovulaza yomwe iyenera kukanidwa? Kodi nchiyani chimene chiyenera kukhala kaimidwe ka Mkristu kulinga ku mankhwala amwambo oterowo a Chiafrica?

Mankhwala Adzitsamba

Zinthu zomera, mchenicheni, ziri magwero enieni a chakudya chathu ndipo ziri zoyenerera kaamba ka kukhalapo kwathu. Palinso mitengo yambiri imene imapereka mankhwala kapena poizoni yomwe yawononga unyinji wa anthu osaWerengeka omwe anagwiritsira ntchito iyo molakwika. Koma kodi mukudziwa kuti ena a mankhwala amenewa amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu mankhwala amakono? Asayansi anatulukira ena a mankhwala amenewa mwa kufufuzafufuza mitengo yomwe inagwiritsidwa ntchito mu mankhwala a anthu kapena mu misanganizo ya mankhwala a anthu. Iwo anasonkhanitsa zitsanzo, kuzigawa izo mogwirizana ndi mbali zake, ndi kuyesa zotulukapo zake pathupi ndi tizirombo tating’ono kwambiri tomwe timayambitsa matenda. Chotulukapo chake chakhala kupangidwa kwa mankhwala ena ofunika kwambiri, monga ngati quinine (mankhwala a malungo), reserpine (mankhwala apatsa anthu odwala misala) digitalis (mankhwala a odwala mtima), nai codeine (mankhwala a chifuwa).

Anthu anthawi zakale anapeza mankhwala adzitsamba ambiri mwangozi, mwakuyesa ndi kulephera, kapena mwakuwonetsetsa zimene zinachitika kwa zinyama pamene zinadya mitengo ina. Kaŵirikaŵiri awo amene anapanga mapezedwe oterowo ndi awo amene anakhala ochiritsa anasunga lusoli mu mabanja mwawo. Chidziŵitso chadzitsamba chotero chinaperekedwa kuchokera kwa tate kupita kwa mwana kapena kwa anthu ena osankhidwa monga ophunzira. Asing’anga ambiri mpaka lerolino amapitirizabe kukhala achinsinsi kwambiri, kaŵirikaŵiri akumakhala osafuna kuulula ndi kumitengo iti kuchokera kumene mankhwala awo amapangidwa. Koma zowonjezereka zikuphatikizidwa mu mankhwala amwambo mu Africa koposa mankhwala adzitsamba chabe.

Chisonkhezero Champhamvu cha Kukhulupirira Mizimu

Kuchiritsa kwambiri kwamwambo kwa ChiAfrica kuli kogwirizana ndi mphamvu yoposa ya munthu. Ambiri amakhulupirira kuti mitengoyo iri ndi maganizo, mphamvu ya kulankhulana, ndi ganizo lowonjezera la kuzindikira. Ochiritsa ambiri amanena kuti amamva chinenero cha mitengo ndipo kuti ali okhoza kulankhula ndi iyo. Ena samawona kuti kulankhulanaku kumachokera ku mitengo, popeza iwo amanena kuti mizimu yosawoneka yatsogoza iwo ku mitengo yomwe iri ndi kuthekera kwakuchiritsa.

Kukhulupirira mizimu mwakutero kuli ndi mbali yamphamvu mu mankhwala amwambo a mu Africa. Anthu ambiri a ku Nigeria, mwachitsanzo, amakhulupirira kuti matenda ndi imfa zimapangidwa kaya ndi milungu yokhumudwitsidwa (kapena mizimu ya makolo) kapena ndi adani omwe amagwiritsira ntchito ufiti. Chotero nsembe za chitonthozo zimapangidwa, ndipo miyambo ya uzimu ndi mapangidwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Asuquo, wochiritsa wa ChiNigeria, ali mmodzi amene mwaphamvu ankakhulupirira chimenechi. Iye akuti: “Ndinaphunzira mankhwala adzitsamba kuchokera kwa atate wanga ndipo tinali kupereka nsembe kwa milungu ndi ku mizimu ya makolo athu mkupanga misanganizo yanga. Ndinakhulupirira kuti iyo inabweretsa kuchiritsa ndi kuti kulephera kupereka nsembe kwa iyo kunabweretsa matendandi imfa.”

Mchenicheni, icho kawirikawiri chimagwira ntchito mu njira ina. Zikhulupiriro zoterozo zapangitsa mamiliyoni a anthu kukhala ndi mantha amwambo ndi ukapolo ku mphamvu za mizimu yosawoneka. Ambiri avutika ndi mantha osatheka kumasulidwa amizimu ndi kuvutitsidwa. Ichi mwa icho chokha chiri chifukwa champhamvu chakukanira kuchiritsidwa kuli konse komwe kumaphatikizapo nsembe kapena miyambo ina ya mizimu. Ndipo mizimu yomwe imamanga ndi kuopseza anthu kapena kuwanyenga iwo kuganiza kuti makolo awo adakali ndi moyo kapena kuti mitengo ingalankhule iri mwachidziwikire ya bodza ndi yoipa. Baibulo limachenjeza: “Koma nditi kuti zimene amitundu apereka nsembe azipereka kwa ziwanda [osati kwa Mulungu, NW]; ndipo sindifuna kuti inu muyanjane ndi ziwanda.”​—1 Akorinto 10:20.

Ziwanda, angelo osamvera omwe anaweruzidwa ndi Mulungu kuchiwonongeko chamtsogolo, zayedzamira ku kupatula anthu ku kulambiridwa kwa Mulungu wowona, Yehova. (2 Petro 2:4; Yuda 6) Izo zimayerekezera m’mbali zina kuti izo zenizeni ziri milungu yabwino. (2 Akorinto 11:14) Kupitiriza kunyenga kwawo, izo zimasanduka monga anthu akufa ndikutsogoza anthu kulingalira kuti makolo awo adakali ndi moyo mdziko la mizimu. Komabe, Baibulo mwachimvekere limanena kuti: “Akufa sadziwa kanthu bi, . . . pakuti kulibe ntchito ngakhale kulingalira ngakhale kudziwa, ngakhale nzeru, kumanda ulikupitako.”​—Mlaliki 9:5, 10.

Chotero chingakhale cholakwa kaamba ka olambira a Mulungu wowona kulandira kuchokera kwa sing’anga kuchiritsa kulikonse komwe kumaphatikizamo machitachiita amizimu. Mofananamo, sing’anga amene amakhumba kupereka kulambira kolandiridwa kwa Mulungu ayenera kulekamtundu uliwonse wa machitachita auzimu. Zowonadi, awo amene amatembenukira ku mizimu amakana chiyanjo cha Mulungu ndi chitetezero ndipo alibe malomu mpingo Wachikristu. (Agalatiya 5: 19-21; Chivumbulutso 21:8) Pali ambiri amene anakana kuyanjana ndi mizimu, ndipo iwo apeza kuti kuchiritsa kwina kwadzitsamba kungakhale kokhutiritsa popanda machitachita a mizimu.

Kusinthira ku Chikristu

Polankhula ponena za chokumana nacho chake chaumwini, Erhabor, msing’anga wozindikiridwa mwalamulo yemwe amayendetsa chipatala cha mankhwala adzitsamba, anati: “Poyambirira ndinakhulupirira kuti nsembe zinayenera kuphatikizidwamo ndi mankhwala ndi cholinga chakufuna kuthetsa mizimu yomwe imakhala kumbuyo kwa matenda. Koma pambuyo pa kuphunzira Baibulo ndi Mboni za Yehova ndi kukhala Mkristu, ndinataya machitachita amenewa ndipo tsopano ndikumamatira ku maprinsipulo a Baibulo. Ndapeza kuti mphamvu yakuchiritsa iri mu mitengo iyoyeniyo.”

Mofananamo, Asuquo akuti: “Zinthu zimene ndaphunzira ponena za Yehova zabweretsa tanthauzo latsopano mu moyo wanga. Mantha anga ponena za makolo achotsedwa, ndipo ndinafika kukudziwa Mulungu wowona. Ndinafikanso kukuwona kuti nsembe siziri zoyenerera ndi kuti madzi a m’makungwa ndi m’masamba ndi amene amachiritsa anthu. Anthu ambiri tsopano amabwera kwa ine chifukwa chathandizo chifukwa chakuti sindiwabera miyambo yawo mwa kuwapempha kaamba ka nsembe. Thandizo langa silikuwathera iwo ndalama zochuluka monga mmene angachitire pamene apita kwa ochiritsa ajuju.”

Chifukwa chakuti Okon, yemwenso amagwira ntchito yamankhwala adzitsamba, sagwiritsira ntchito kubwebweta kapena nsembe mkachitidwe kake, iye akudzudzulidwa ndi asing’anga ena chifukwa cha “kuwononga machitachita awo.” “Odwala anga ena,” iye akunena, “amabwera monga azondi kudzatsimikiza kuti ndimagwiritsirabe ntchito nsembe mwachinsinsi. Pambuyo pakupatsidwa thandizo mwachipambano kwa milungu iwiri, iwo amavomereza kuti sindigwiritsira ntchito mtundu wina uliwonse wajuju. Iwo anapindulanso kuchokera ku kukambitsirana kwa Malemba kumene ndimakhala nawo. Ndinali wodabwitsidwa kuwona anayi a odwala anga pa Msonkhano wa Mboni za Yehova mu December; 1980 wa ‘Chikondi cha Umulungu’. Iwo anandifungatira ine ndi kunena: ‘Tinabwera kwa iwe kaamba ka kuchiritsa kwa kuthupi. Unatipatsansp ife kuchiritsa kwauzimu.’ ”

Akristu monga awa anayenera kupewa awo amene anali ndi chikhumbo chakuti iwo abwerere kumachitachita a mizimu. Iwo amadziwa kuti ngati aphatikiza njira zawo za kuchiritsa ndi mtundu wina uliwonse wa mizimu, iwo sangakhalebe oyenerera kukhazikika mu mpingo Wachikristu. Chotero sapereka nsembe kapena kugwiritsira ntchito kubwebweta. Iwo samapanga kudzinenera konama kwakuti iwo angachiritse mtundu uliwonse wa matenda, ndiponso sayesa kupereka chitsimikizo chakukhala ndi mphamvu zapadera. Iwo amapewa ngakhale kuwoneka kwa mizimu.

Kuchiritsa Kwenikweni Kuchokera kwa Mulungu

Mu mitundu yambiri yokwera kumene, ambiri a anthu akumeneko amadalira pathandizo loperekedwa ndi ochiritsa mwamwambo, mwa amene ambiri a iwo ali ndi chidaliro chachikulu. Pambali pa icho, zipatala ndi mankhwala a adotolo ziri zochepa kwambiri kukwaniritsa kusowa kwa chithandizo. Chotero, anthu ambiri mu maiko amenewa mwachiwonekere adzapitiriza kufikira ochiritsa, ambiri a amene amagwiritsira ntchito njira za mizimu. Koma kodi nchiyani chimene mudzachita?

“Chowonadi,” anatero Yesu, “chidzakumasulani.” (Yohane 8:32) Kudziwa kuti Baibulo limadana ndi machitachita amenewa, Akristu adzakana kukhala osamvera kwa Mulungu mwakufikira mizimu kapena mwakufunafuna kuchokera kwa sing’anga wadzitsamba kuchiritsa komwe kumaphatikizamo kuwombeza. (Deutronomo 18:10-13; yerekezani ndi Numeri 23:21, 23. ) Ndipo ngati mudwala, sichingakhalenso chanzeru kwa Mkristu kuganiza kuti mavutowo achokera ku kulodzedwa ndi mizimu. Simukafunikira kukhala ndi mantha akudwala chifukwa cha ufiti pamene molimba nji muima kumbali ya Mulungu mwakukana chiri chonse chogwirizana ndi mizimu. Ngati chifukwa chakupanda ungwiro kumene tonse tiri nako, matenda akumanizidwa, ndiye kuti chosankha chaumwini chiyenera kupangidwa ponena za mtundu wathandizo woyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito..a

Nsembe ya dipo yomwe inaperekedwa ndi Yesu iri njira yokha ya chipulumutso kuchokera ku uchimo ndi zotulukapo za matenda ndi imfa. (Yohane 3:16; Machitidwe 4:12) Iyo yokha imatsegula njira kaamba ka anthu okhulupirika kupeza moyo wosatha mu paradiso pa dziko lapansi kumene “okhalamo sadzanena, ‘ine ndidwala.’”​—Yesaya 33:24.

Kufikira tsiku lachimwemwe limenelo, Mulungu wamphamvuyonse akutitsimikizira ife kuti iye adzachinjiriza awo amene amakhulupirira iye. Chotero Akristu onse amafunikira kudalira pa Yehova, kukhala kufupi ndi iye m’pemphero ndi kupembedzera. Ichi chidzatulukapo mu moyo wabwino tsopano, ndipo chidzatsimikizira kulandira kwathu moyo wangwiro mu dziko lapansi la Paradaiso lolonjezedwa.​—2 Petro 3:10-14; 1 Yohane 2:17.

[Mawu a M’munsi]