Mutu 4
Kuimirira ndi Kugwa kwa Fano lalikulu
1. N’chifukwa chiyani tiyenera kuchita chidwi ndi mkhalidwe umene unabuka patapita zaka khumi kuchokera pamene Mfumu Nebukadinezara anatengera Danieli ndi anzake ena kudziko laukaidi?
PAPITA zaka khumi kuchokera pamene Mfumu Nebukadinezara anabweretsa Danieli limodzi ndi amuna ena “omveka a m’dziko” la Yuda mu ukaidi ku Babulo. (2 Mafumu 24:15) Mnyamatayo Danieli akutumikira m’bwalo la mfumu pamene mkhalidwe woika moyo pachiswe ubuka. N’chifukwa chiyani tiyenera kuchita chidwi ndi chochitikacho? Chifukwa njira imene Yehova Mulungu akuloŵererapo pankhaniyo ikupulumutsa miyoyo ya Danieli ndi anzakewo, komanso imatipatsa chithunzi cha mndandanda wa m’ulosi wa m’Baibulo wofika mpaka m’nthaŵi zathu zino wa kuloŵana m’malo kwa maulamuliro amphamvu padziko lonse.
MFUMU IKUMANA NDI VUTO LALIKULU
2. Kodi ndi liti pamene Nebukadinezara analota loto lake loyamba laulosi?
2 “Chaka chachiŵiri cha Nebukadinezara mfumu,” analemba motero mneneri Danieli, “Nebukadinezarayo analota maloto, ndi mzimu wake unavutika, ndi tulo take tidamwazikira.” (Danieli 2:1) Wolotayo anali Nebukadinezara, mfumu ya Ufumu wa Babulo. Iye anakhala mfumu yamphamvu kwambiri padziko lonse mu 607 B.C.E. pamene Yehova Mulungu anam’lola kuwononga Yerusalemu ndi kachisi wake. M’chaka chachiŵiri cha ulamuliro wa Nebukadinezara monga mfumu yamphamvu padziko lonse (606/605 B.C.E.), Mulungu anam’lotetsa zochititsa mantha kwambiri.
3. Kodi ndayani amene analephera kumasulira loto la mfumu, ndipo Nebukadinezara anatani ataona zimenezo?
3 Loto limenelo linam’vutitsa maganizo kwambiri Nebukadinezara moti sanathe kugona. Mwachidziŵikire, iye anafunitsitsa kuti adziŵe tanthauzo lake. Koma mfumu yamphamvuyo inali itaiŵaliratu lotolo! Choncho inaitanitsa amatsenga a Babulo, openduza, ndi aula, ndipo anawalamula kuti am’fotokozere lotolo ndi kulimasulira. Koma onsewo zinawakanika. Kulephera kwawo kunakwiyitsa kwambiri Nebukadinezara moti analamula kuti “awaphe anzeru onse m’Babulo.” Lamulo limeneli linachititsa Danieli kukhala pamzera wokaphedwa ndi wakupha amene anasankhidwa. Chifukwa chiyani? Chifukwa iye limodzi ndi anzake achihebri atatu aja—Hananiya, Misayeli, ndi Azariya—anali kuŵerengeredwa pakati pa amuna anzeru a Babulo.—Danieli 2:2-14.
DANIELI AWAPULUMUTSA
4. (a) Kodi Danieli anadziŵa motani zimene Nebukadinezara analota ndi tanthauzo lake? (b) Kodi Danieli ananenanji poyamikira Yehova Mulungu?
4 Atamva chifukwa chimene Nebukadinezara anaperekera lamulo lankhanza limenelo, ‘analoŵa Danieli, nafunsa mfumu amuikire nthaŵi, kuti aululire mfumu kutanthauzira kwake.’ Nthaŵiyo inaperekedwa. Danieli anabwerera kunyumba kwake, ndipo limodzi ndi Ahebri atatu anzakewo anapemphera, kupempha ‘chifundo kwa Mulungu wakumwamba pa chinsinsi ichi.’ M’masomphenya usiko womwewo, Yehova anavumbulira Danieli chinsinsi cha lotolo. Moyamikira, Danieli anati: “Lilemekezedwe dzina la Mulungu ku nthaŵi za nthaŵi, pakuti nzeru ndi mphamvu zili zake; pakuti amasanduliza nthaŵi ndi nyengo, achotsa mafumu, nalonga mafumu, apatsa anzeru nzeru, ndi chidziŵitso kwa iwo okhoza kuzindikira. Iye avumbulutsa zinthu zakuya ndi zinsinsi; adziŵa zokhala mumdima, ndi kuunika kumakhala kwa Iye.” Danieli anatamanda Yehova pom’patsa kuzindikira koteroko.—Danieli 2:15-23.
5. (a) Pamene Danieli anali pamaso pa mfumu, kodi anapereka motani thamo kwa Yehova? (b) N’chifukwa chiyani mafotokozedwe a Danieli ali ofunikira kwa ife lerolino?
5 Tsiku lotsatira, Danieli anapita kwa Arioki, mkulu wa alonda a mfumu, amene anasankhidwa kuti aphe amuna anzeru a Babulo. Arioki atamva kuti Danieli akhoza kumasulira lotolo, anafulumira naye kupita kwa mfumu. Posafuna kuti thamo libwere kwa iye, Danieli anauza Nebukadinezara kuti: “Kuli Mulungu Kumwamba wakuvumbulutsa zinsinsi; Iye ndiye wadziŵitsa Mfumu Nebukadinezara chimene chidzachitika masiku otsiriza.” Danieli anali wokonzeka kuvumbula osati tsogolo lokha la Ufumu wa Babulo komanso mndandanda wa zochitika zokhudza dziko lonse kuyambira m’masiku a Nebukadinezara mpaka m’nthaŵi yathu ino ndi kupitirira.—Danieli 2:24-30.
LOTOLO LIKUMBUKIKA
6, 7. Kodi loto limene Danieli anakumbutsa mfumu linali lotani?
6 Nebukadinezara anatchera khutu kumvetsera pamene Danieli anali kufotokoza kuti: “Inu mfumu munapenya ndi kuona fano lalikulu. Fanoli linali lalikulu, ndi kunyezimira kwake kunaposa; linali kuima popenyana ndi inu, ndi maonekedwe ake anali oopsa. Fano ili tsono, mutu wake unali wagolidi wabwino, chifuwa chake ndi manja ake zasiliva, mimba yake ndi chuuno chake zamkuwa, miyendo yake yachitsulo, mapazi ake mwina chitsulo mwina dongo. Munali chipenyere kufikira mwala unasemedwa popanda manja, umene unagunda fanoli pa mapazi ake okhala chitsulo ndi dongo, nuwaphwanya. Pamenepo chitsulo, dongo, mkuwa, siliva, ndi golidi, zinapereka pamodzi, nizinasanduka ngati mungu wa pa madwale a malimwe; ndi mphepo inaziuluza, osapezekanso malo awo; ndi mwala udagunda fanowo unasanduka phiri lalikulu, nudzaza dziko lonse lapansi.”—Danieli 2:31-35.
7 Tangoganizani chisangalalo cha Nebukadinezara pakumva Danieli akufotokoza loto lakelo! Koma dikirani kaye! Amuna anzeru a Babulo anakapulumuka pokhapokha ngati Danieli akanatanthauzira lotolo. Podzilankhulira iye mwini, komanso polankhulira Ahebri anzake atatuwo, Danieli akulengeza kuti: “Ili ndi loto; kumasulira kwake tsono tikufotokozerani mfumu.”—Danieli 2:36.
UFUMU WOKWEZEKA MWAPADERA
8. (a) Malinga n’kumasulira kwa Danieli, kodi mutu wagolidi unaimira chiyani kapena yani? (b) Kodi mutu wagolidiwo unakhalako liti?
8 “Inu mfumu ndinu mfumu ya mafumu, pakuti Mulungu wa Kumwamba anakupatsani ufumu, ndi mphamvu yaikulu, ndi ulemu; ndipo pali ponse pokhala ana a anthu Iye anapereka nyama za kuthengo, ndi mbalame za m’mlengalenga, m’dzanja lanu; nakuchititsani ufumu pa izi zonse; inu ndinu mutuwo wagolidi.” (Danieli 2:37, 38.) Mawu ameneŵa ananena za Nebukadinezara pamene Yehova anam’gwiritsa ntchito kuwononga Yerusalemu, mu 607 B.C.E. Izi zinali choncho chifukwa mafumu oikidwa pampando mu Yerusalemu anali ochokera mumzera wa Davide, mfumu yodzozedwa ndi Yehova. Yerusalemu anali likulu la Yuda, ufumu wophiphiritsa wa Mulungu woimira ulamuliro wa Yehova padziko lonse lapansi. Pamene mzindawo unawonongedwa mu 607 B.C.E., ufumu wa Mulungu wophiphiritsawo unatheranso pomwepo. (1 Mbiri 29:23; 2 Mbiri 36:17-21) Maufumu amphamvu padziko lonse omwe anadzatsatizana wina ndi unzake oimiridwa ndi mbali zazitsulo za fanolo, tsopano anakhoza kulamulira padziko lonse mosajejemetsedwa ndi ufumu wa Mulungu wophiphiritsawo. Monga mutu wa golidi, chitsulo chamtengo wapatali kwambiri m’nthaŵi zakalezo, Nebukadinezara anatchuka kwambiri pamene anagwetsa ufumuwo mwa kuwononga Yerusalemu.—Onani pamutu wakuti “Mfumu Yankhondo Imanga Ufumu,” patsamba 63.
9. Kodi mutu wagolidi unaimira chiyani?
9 Nebukadinezara, yemwe analamulira kwa zaka 43, anali woyamba pamzera wa mafumu omwe analamulira Ufumu wa Babulo. Mzera wa mafumuwo unaphatikizapo mkamwini wake, Nabonidasi, ndi mwana wake wamkulu, Evili Merodaki. Mzera wa mafumu umenewu unapitirira kwa zaka zina 43, mpaka pa imfa ya Belisazara, mwana wa Nabonidasi mu 539 B.C.E. (2 Mafumu 25:27; Danieli 5:30) Choncho mutu wagolidi wa fano la m’lotolo sunaimire Nebukadinezara yekha koma mzera wonse wa mafumu a Babulo.
10. (a) Kodi loto la Nebukadinezara linasonyeza motani kuti Ulamuliro Wamphamvu Padziko Lonse wa Babulo udzatha? (b) Kodi mneneri Yesaya ananeneratu chiyani za amene akagonjetsa Babulo? (c) Kodi ufumu wa Mediya ndi Perisiya unali wochepa kwa Babulo m’ganizo lotani?
10 Danieli anauza Nebukadinezara kuti: “Pambuyo pa inu padzauka ufumu wina wochepa ndi wanu.” (Danieli 2:39) Ufumu woimiridwa ndi chifuwa chasiliva ndi manja asiliva a fanolo ukaloŵa m’malo mzera wa mafumu wa Nebukadinezara. Zaka pafupifupi 200 m’mbuyomo, Yesaya anali ataneneratu za ufumu umenewu, anatchula ngakhalenso dzina la mfumu yake yopambanayo—Koresi. (Yesaya 13:1-17; 21:2-9; 44:24–45:7, 13) Umenewo unali Ufumu wa Mediya ndi Perisiya. Ngakhale kuti Mediya ndi Perisiya anapanga chitukuko chachikulu sichinafanane ndi cha Ulamuliro wa Babulo, ufumu wapambuyowu unaimiridwa ndi siliva, chitsulo chotsikirapo mtengo poyerekeza ndi golidi. Unali wotsika kwa Ulamuliro Wamphamvu Padziko Lonse wa Babulo m’ganizo lakuti sunakhale ndi mbiri yotchuka yogwetsa Yuda, ufumu wa Mulungu wophiphiritsa wokhala ndi likulu lake ku Yerusalemu.
11. Kodi mzera wa mafumu otchedwa Nebukadinezara unatha liti?
11 Patapita zaka 60 chimasulireni lotolo, Danieli anadzionera yekha kutha kwa mafumu a mzera wa Nebukadinezara. Danieli analipo usiku wa October 5/6, 539 B.C.E., pamene asilikali a Mediya ndi Perisiya anagwetsa Babulo wooneka ngati wosagonjetseka ndi kupha Mfumu Belisazara. Mwa imfa ya Belisazara, mutu wagolidi wa fano la m’lotolo—Ufumu wa Babulo—unathera pomwepo.
UFUMU UMASULA ANTHU KU DZIKO LA UKAIDI
12. Kodi lamulo loperekedwa ndi Koresi mu 537 B.C.E. linawapindulitsa motani Ayuda okhala m’dziko laukaidi?
12 Ufumu wa Mediya ndi Perisiya unaloŵa m’malo Ufumu wa Babulo mu 539 B.C.E. nukhala ulamuliro wamphamvu padziko lonse. Ali ndi zaka 62 zakubadwa, Dariyo Mmedi anakhala wolamulira woyamba wa mzinda wogonjetsedwawo wa Babulo. (Danieli 5:30, 31) Kwa nthaŵi yochepa, iye ndi Koresi Mperisiya analamulira pamodzi Ufumu wa Mediya ndi Perisiya. Dariyo atamwalira, Koresi anakhala wolamulira yekhayo wa Ufumu wa Perisiya. Kwa Ayuda okhala m’Babulo, kulamulira kwa Koresi kunatanthauza chimasuko ku ukaidi. Mu 537 B.C.E., Koresi anapereka lamulo limene linalola Ayuda a mu ukaidi ku Babulo kubwerera kudziko lakwawo ndi kukamanganso Yerusalemu ndi kachisi wa Yehova. Komabe, ufumu wa Mulungu wophiphiritsawo sunakhazikitsidwenso ku Yuda ndi Yerusalemu.—2 Mbiri 36:22, 23; Ezara 1:1–2:2a.
13. Kodi chifuwa chasiliva ndi manja asiliva a fano la m’loto la Nebukadinezara zikuimira chiyani?
13 Chifuwa chasiliva ndi manja asiliva a fano la m’lotolo zikuimira mzera wa mafumu a Perisiya kuyambira pa Koresi Wamkulu. Mzera wa mafumu umenewo unakhalapo zaka zoposa 200. Koresi akuganizidwa kuti anafera kunkhondo mu 530 B.C.E. Mwa mafumu ngati 12 amene anamuloŵa m’malo pampando wa Ufumu wa Perisiya, kukhala ngati aŵiri okha ndiwo anachita nawo mowakomera mtima anthu osankhika a Yehova. Wina anali Dariyo 1 (Mperisiya), ndipo winayo anali Aritasasta 1.
14, 15. Kodi ndi thandizo lotani limene Dariyo Wamkulu ndi Aritasasta Woyamba anapereka kwa Ayuda?
14 Dariyo 1 anali wachitatu pa mzera wa mafumu olamulira Perisiya pambuyo pa Koresi Wamkulu. Awiri oyambirirawo anali Kambisesi 2 ndi mbale wake Baradiya (kapena wonamizira kukhala Wamatsenga wotchedwa Gomatala). Podzafika nthaŵi imene Dariyo 1, wotchedwanso Dariyo Wamkulu, anakhala pampando wachifumu mu 521 B.C.E., ntchito yomanganso kachisi ku Yerusalemu inali italetsedwa. Atatumba kalata yolembedwamo lamulo la Koresi m’malo osungiramo zinthu zakale ku Akimeta, Dariyo anachotsa chiletsocho mu 520 B.C.E., kuwonjezera pa zinthu zinanso zimene anachita. Anaperekanso thandizo la ndalama kuchokera ku thumba lachifumu zomangiranso kachisiyo.—Ezara 6:1-12.
15 Wolamulira wina wa Perisiya amene anadzathandizanso Ayuda pantchito yawo yokonzanso zinthu anali Aritasasta 1, yemwe analoŵa m’malo mwa atate wake Ahaswero (Sasta 1) mu 475 B.C.E. Aritasasta anapatsidwa dzina lachiŵiri lakuti Longimanasi chifukwa dzanja lake lamanja linali lotalikirapo kuposa lamanzere. M’chaka cha 20 cha ulamuliro wake, mu 455 B.C.E., anaika woperekera chikho wake wachiyuda Nehemiya kukhala bwanamkubwa wa Yuda ndi kuti amangenso malinga a Yerusalemu. Chochitikachi chinakhala poyambira ‘masabata asanu ndi aŵiri a zaka’ ofotokozedwa m’chaputala 9 cha Danieli. Ndipo chinakhala poyambira kuŵerengera madeti a kuonekera kwake ndi imfa yake ya Mesiya, kapena Kristu, Yesu wa ku Nazarete.—Danieli 9:24-27; Nehemiya 1:1; 2:1-18.
16. Kodi Ufumu Wamphamvu Padziko Lonse wa Mediya ndi Perisiya unatha liti, ndipo mfumu yake panthawiyo anali ndani?
16 Wotsirizira wa mafumu asanu ndi mmodzi otsatira Aritasasta 1 pampando wa Ufumu wa Perisiya anali Dariyo 3. Ulamuliro wake unatha mwadzidzidzi mu 331 B.C.E. pamene anagonjetsedwa kotheratu ndi Alesandro Wamkulu ku Gaugamela, pafupi ndi Nineve wakale. Chigonjetso chimenechi chinathetsa Ufumu Wamphamvu Padziko Lonse wa Mediya ndi Perisiya umene unaimiridwa ndi mbali yasiliva ya fano la m’loto la Nebukadinezara. Ulamuliro wotsatira unali waukulu m’njira zina, koma wotsika m’njira zinanso. Zimenezi zikuonekera bwino pamene Danieli apitiriza kumasulira loto la Nebukadinezara.
UFUMU WAUKULU KOMA WOTSIKIRAPO
17-19. (a) Kodi mimba ndi chiuno za mkuwa zinaimira ufumu wamphamvu padziko lonse uti, ndipo kodi unalamulira dera lalikulu motani? (b) Kodi Alesandro 3 anali yani? (c) Kodi Chigiriki chinakhala motani chinenero cha mayiko ambiri, ndipo chinakhala choyenerera chiyani?
17 Danieli anauza Nebukadinezara kuti mimba ndi chiuno za fano lalikululo zinaimira “ufumu wina wachitatu wamkuwa wakuchita ufumu padziko lonse.” (Danieli 2:32, 39) Ufumu wachitatu umenewu ukadza pambuyo pa Babulo komanso Mediya ndi Perisiya. Monga mkuwa ulili wotsikirapo pouyerekeza ndi siliva, ufumu wamphamvu padziko lonse umenewu ukakhala wochepa kwa ufumu wa Mediya ndi Perisiya m’ganizo lakuti sukakhala ndi mwayi wina uliwonse monga ngati kupatsa ufulu anthu a Yehova. Komabe, ufumu wonga mkuwawo ‘ukachita ufumu padziko lonse,’ kusonyeza kuti ukatenga malo aakulu kwambiri kuposa Babulo kapena Mediya ndi Perisiya. Kodi zenizeni za m’mbiri yakale zimasonyeza chiyani ponena za ufumu wamphamvu padziko lonse umenewu?
18 Posakhalitsa atakhala mfumu ya Makedoniya mu 336 B.C.E. ali ndi zaka 20 zakubadwa, Alesandro 3 anayamba nkhondo zogonjetsa mitundu ina. Chifukwa cha zipambano zake pankhondozo, anadzatchedwa Alesandro Wamkulu. Popitiriza zilakiko zakezo, iye analoŵerera m’madera a Perisiya. Atagonjetsa Dariyo 3 pankhondo ya ku Gaugamela mu 331 B.C.E., Ufumu wa Perisiya unayamba kugwa ndipo Alesandro anakhazikitsa Girisi monga ufumu watsopano wamphamvu padziko lonse.
19 Pambuyo pa chilakiko cha ku Gaugamela, Alesandro anapitirira nakalanda malikulu a Perisiya, ndiwo Babulo, Susa, Pesepoli, ndi Akimeta. Atagonjetsa Ufumu wonse wa Perisiya, anapitiriza zilakiko zake nakaloŵerera mpaka kumadzulo kwa Indiya. M’mayiko amene analandawo anakhazikitsa maboma aang’ono olamulidwa ndi Girisi. Chifukwa cha zimenezo, chinenero ndi chikhalidwe cha Agiriki chinafalikira m’madera onsewo. Kwenikweni, Ufumu wa Girisi unakhala wamphamvu kuposa wina uliwonse umene unakhalako m’mbuyomo. Monga momwe Danieli ananeneratu, ufumu wa mkuwa ‘unalamulira padziko lonse.’ Chimodzi cha zotsatirapo chinali chakuti Chigiriki (Chikoeni) chinakhala chinenero cha mayiko onse a Ufumuwo. Pokhala ndi mawu omveketsa bwino maganizo olondola, chinakhala chinenero choyenerera kwambiri kulembera Malemba Achigiriki Achikristu komanso kufalitsira uthenga wabwino wa Ufumu wa Mulungu.
20. Kodi chinachitikira Ufumu wa Girisi n’chiyani atamwalira Alesandro Wamkulu?
20 Alesandro Wamkulu anangokhala zaka zisanu ndi zitatu zokha monga wolamulira wamphamvu padziko lonse. Akali mnyamata wazaka 32, Alesandro anadwala pambuyo pa phwando linalake, ndipo posakhalitsa anamwalira pa June 13, 323 B.C.E. M’kupita kwa nthaŵi, ufumu wake waukuluwo unagaŵidwa m’zigawo zinayi, ndipo chilichonse chinalamulidwa ndi akazembe ake. Choncho mu ufumu umodzi wamphamvu munatuluka maufumu anayi amene pambuyo pake anamezedwa ndi Ufumu wa Roma. Ulamuliro wamphamvu padziko lonse wonga mkuwawo unapitirira mpaka mu 30 B.C.E. pamene womalizira wa maufumu anayi amenewa—mzera wa mafumu otchedwa Tolemi amene analamulira mu Igupto—pomalizira pake unagonjetsedwa ndi Roma.
UFUMU UMENE UKUPHWANYA NDI KUSWA
21. Kodi Danieli anaufotokoza motani “ufumu wachinayi”?
21 Danieli anapitiriza kufotokoza za fano la m’lotolo kuti: “Ufumu wachinayi [pambuyo pa Babulo, Mediya ndi Perisiya, komanso Girisi], udzakhala wolimba ngati chitsulo, popeza chitsulo chiphwanya ndi kufooketsa zonse; ndipo monga chitsulo chiswa zonsezi, uwu udzaphwanya ndi kuswa.” (Danieli 2:40) M’nyonga ndi luso lake lophwanyira, ulamuliro wamphamvu padziko lonse umenewu ukafanana ndi chitsulo, cholimba kuposa maufumu enawo oimiridwa ndi golidi, siliva, kapena mkuwa. Ulamuliro umenewo unali Ufumu wa Roma.
22. Kodi Ufumu wa Roma unali ngati chitsulo motani?
22 Roma anaphwanya ndi kuswa Ufumu wa Girisi ndipo anamezeratu mbali zotsala za maulamuliro amphamvu padziko lonse a Mediya ndi Perisiya komanso wa Babulo. Posasonyeza ulemu uliwonse ku Ufumu wa Mulungu umene Yesu Kristu anaulalikira, Aromawo anapha Yesuyo pamtengo wozunzikira mu 33 C.E. Poyesa kuswa Chikristu choona, Aroma anazunza ophunzira a Yesu. Komanso, Aromawo anawononganso Yerusalemu limodzi ndi kachisi wake mu 70 C.E.
23, 24. Kupatulapo Ufumu wa Roma, kodi miyendo ya fanolo inaimiranso chiyani?
23 Miyendo yachitsulo ya fano la m’loto la Nebukadinezara siinaimire Ufumu wa Roma wokha komanso mphukira yake yandale. Taganizirani mawuŵa olembedwa pa Chivumbulutso 17:10: “Ali mafumu asanu ndi aŵiri asanu adagwa, imodzi iliko, inayo siinadze; ndipo pamene ifika iyenera iyo kukhala kanthaŵi.” Pamene mtumwi Yohane analemba mawu ameneŵa, Aroma anali atamuika m’ndende pachilumba cha Patmo. Mafumu asanu amene anagwawo, kapena kuti maulamuliro amphamvu padziko lonse, anali Igupto, Asiriya, Babulo, Mediya ndi Perisiya, komanso Girisi. Wachisanu ndi chimodzi—Ufumu wa Roma—unali kulamulirabe. Koma uwonso unayenera kugwa, ndipo mfumu yachisanu ndi chiŵiri ikauka kuchokera kumadera ogonjetsedwa ndi Roma. Kodi ulamuliro wamphamvu padziko lonse umenewo ukakhala uti?
24 Nthaŵi ina Britain anali gawo la kumpoto chakumadzulo la Ufumu wa Roma. Koma pofika chaka cha 1763, gawolo linakhala Ufumu wa Britain—Britannia amene ankadzitama chifukwa ngalawa zake zimayenda m’nyanja zonse zamchere za dziko lapansi. Pofika 1776 mayiko ake achitsamunda okwanira 13 a ku America analengeza ufulu wawo wodzilamulira wokha ndipo anakhazikitsa boma lotchedwa United States of America. Komabe, m’kupita kwa zaka, Britain ndi United States anakhala ogwirizana ponse pawiri, pankhondo ndi pamtendere. Choncho, mgwirizano wa Britain ndi America unakhazikitsidwa monga ulamuliro wachisanu ndi chiŵiri wamphamvu padziko lonse wa m’ulosi wa Baibulo. Mofanana ndi Ufumu wa Roma, uwonso wakhala “wolimba ngati chitsulo,” polamulira molimba ngati chitsulo. Motero, miyendo yachitsulo ya fano la m’lotolo imaphatikizapo Ufumu wa Roma ndiponso mgwirizano wa Britain ndi America.
MSANGANIZO WOSALIMBA
25. Kodi Danieli ananenanji za mapazi ndi zala zakumapazi za fanolo?
25 Kenako Danieli anauza Nebukadinezara kuti: “Ndipo umo mudaonera mapazi ndi zala zake, mwina dongo la woumba, mwina chitsulo; ufumuwo udzakhala wogaŵanika, koma momwemo mudzakhala mphamvu ya chitsulo; popeza mudaona chitsulo chosanganizika ndi dongo. Ndi zala za mapazi, mwina chitsulo ndi mwina dongo, momwemo ufumuwo, mwina wolimba mwina wogamphuka. Ndi umo mudaonera chitsulo chosanganizika ndi dongo, iwo adzadzisokoneza ndi ana a anthu wamba; koma sadzaphatikizana, monga umo chitsulo sichimasanganizikana ndi dongo.”—Danieli 2:41-43.
26. Kodi ulamuliro woimiridwa ndi mapazi komanso zala zakumapazi ukuonekera liti?
26 Kuloŵana m’malo kwa maulamuliro amphamvu padziko lonse koimiridwa ndi mbali zosiyanasiyana za fano la m’loto la Nebukadinezara kunayambira kumutu kutsikira kumapazi. Mwachionekere, mapazi komanso zala zakumapazi za “chitsulo chosanganizika ndi dongo” zinaimira ulamuliro womalizira waumunthu umene ukakhalapo mu “nthaŵi yachimaliziro.”—Danieli 12:4.
27. (a) Kodi mapazi achitsulo ndi zala zakezo zosanganikirana ndi chitsulo ndi dongo zikuimira mkhalidwe wotani padziko? (b) Kodi zala khumi zakumapazi za fanolo zikuimira chiyani?
27 Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m’zana la 20, Ufumu wa Britain unalamulira gawo limodzi mwa magawo anayi a anthu onse padziko lapansi. Maufumu ena a ku Ulaya analamuliranso mamiliyoni ena a anthu. Koma nkhondo yoyamba ya padziko lonse inachititsa kuti mayiko ayambe kuima paokha m’malo mwa kukhala maufumu. Pambuyo pa nkhondo yachiŵiri ya padziko lonse, mchitidwe umenewu unakula mofulumira. Pamene mzimu wokweza dziko lako unapitirira kukula, mayiko odziimira paokha anachulukanso mofulumira. Zala khumi zakumapazi za fanolo zikuimira maulamuliro ndi maboma onse oterowo okhalapo panthaŵi yofanana, chifukwa m’Baibulo chiŵerengero cha khumi nthaŵi zina chimaimira kukwanira kwa zinthu zapadziko lapansi.—Yerekezani ndi Eksodo 34:28; Mateyu 25:1; Chivumbulutso 2:10.
28, 29. (a) Malinga n’kunena kwa Danieli, kodi dongo linaimira chiyani? (b) Kodi tinganene chiyani za msanganizo wa chitsulo ndi dongo?
28 Popeza kuti tsopano tikukhala mu “nthaŵi yachimaliziro,” tafika kumapazi kwa fanolo. Maboma ena ochitiridwa chithunzi ndi mapazi komanso zala zakumapazi za fanolo zachitsulo chosanganikirana ndi dongo ali ngati chitsulo. N’ngopondereza kapena ankhanza. Ena ali ngati dongo. Motani? Danieli anayerekeza dongo ndi “ana a anthu wamba.” (Danieli 2:43) Ngakhale kuti dongo ndi losalimba, limene ana a anthu amapangidwako, maulamuliro achikale onga chitsulo akakamizika kumvera kwambiri anthu wamba, amene amafuna kukhala ndi ufulu wolankhula m’maboma owalamulira. (Yobu 10:9) Koma palibe kugwirizana kwenikweni pakati pa ulamuliro wopondereza ndi anthu wamba monga mmene chitsulo sichingagwirizanire ndi dongo. Pamene fanolo lidzagwa, dziko lonse lidzagamphukagamphukadi pankhani zandale!
29 Kodi kugaŵikana kwa mapazi ndi zala zakumapazi kudzachititsa fano lonselo kugwa? Kodi chidzachitikira fanolo n’chiyani?
CHIMAKE CHOOPSA!
30. Fotokozani chimake cha loto la Nebukadinezara.
30 Taganizirani zimene zinachitika pamene lotolo linafika pachimake. Danieli anauza mfumuyo kuti: “Munali chipenyere kufikira mwala unasemedwa popanda manja, umene unagunda fanoli pa mapazi ake okhala chitsulo ndi dongo, nuwaphwanya. Pamenepo chitsulo, dongo, mkuwa, siliva, ndi golidi, zinapereka pamodzi, nizinasanduka ngati mungu wa pa madwale a malimwe; ndi mphepo inaziuluza, osapezekanso malo awo; ndi mwala udagunda fanowo unasanduka phiri lalikulu, nudzaza dziko lonse lapansi.”—Danieli 2:34, 35.
31, 32. Kodi ananeneratu chiyani za mbali yomalizira ya loto la Nebukadinezara?
31 Pofotokoza tanthauzo lake, ulosiwo unapitiriza kuti: “Masiku a mafumu aja Mulungu wa Kumwamba adzaika ufumu woti sudzawonongeka ku nthaŵi zonse, ndi ulamuliro wake sudzasiyidwira mtundu wina wa anthu, koma udzaphwanya ndi kutha maufumu awo onse. Nudzakhala chikhalire. Umo mudaonera kuti mwala unasemedwa m’phiri popanda manja, ndi kuti udapera chitsulo, mkuwa, dongo, siliva, ndi golidi; Mulungu wamkulu wadziŵitsa mfumu chidzachitika m’tsogolomo; lotoli n’loona, ndi kumasulira kwake kwakhazikika.”—Danieli 2:44, 45.
32 Ataona kuti am’kumbutsa loto lake komanso alimasulira, Nebukadinezara anavomereza kuti Mulungu wa Danieli ndi yekhayo anali “Mbuye wa mafumu, ndi Wovumbulutsa chinsinsi.” Mfumuyo inapatsanso Danieli limodzi ndi Ahebri atatu anzakewo udindo waukulu kwambiri. (Danieli 2:46-49) Nanga tsopano n’chiyani chimene ‘kumasulira kokhazikikako’ kwa Danieli kumatanthauza m’tsiku lathu?
‘PHIRI LIDZAZA DZIKO LAPANSI’
33. Kodi “mwala” umenewo unasemedwa mu “phiri” lotani, ndipo zimenezo zinachitika motani ndipo liti?
33 Pamene “nthaŵi zawo za anthu akunja” zinatha mu October 1914, “Mulungu wa Kumwamba” anakhazikitsa Ufumu wakumwamba mwa kulonga ufumu Mwana wake wodzozedwa, Yesu Kristu, monga “Mfumu ya Mafumu, ndi Mbuye wa Ambuye.”a (Luka 21:24; Chivumbulutso 12:1-5; 19:16) Choncho zinali motero, kuti mwa mphamvu yaumulungu, osati ndi manja a munthu, “mwala” unasemedwa mu “phiri” la ufumu wa Yehova pa chilengedwe chonse. Boma lakumwamba limeneli lili m’manja mwa Yesu Kristu, amene Mulungu wam’patsa moyo wosafa. (Aroma 6:9; 1 Timoteo 6:15, 16) Chifukwa chake, “ufumu . . . wa Ambuye wathu [Mulungu], ndi wa Kristu wake” umenewu—woimira ufumu wa Yehova pa chilengedwe chonse—sudzapatsidwanso kwa wina aliyense monga woloŵa m’malo. Udzakhala kunthaŵi zomka muyaya.—Chivumbulutso 11:15.
34. Ndi motani mmene Ufumu wa Mulungu unabadwira mu “masiku a mafumu aja”?
34 Ufumuwo unabadwa mu “masiku a mafumu aja.” (Danieli 2:44) Mafumuwo sanali aja okha oimiridwa ndi zala khumi zakumapazi a fanolo komanso aja oimiridwa ndi mbali zake za chitsulo, mkuwa, siliva, ndi golidi. Ngakhale kuti maufumu a Babulo, Perisiya, Girisi, ndi Roma anali atatha kale monga maulamuliro amphamvu padziko lonse, otsalira awo analipobe mpaka mu 1914. Panthaŵiyo Ufumu wa Ottoman wa ku Turkey unali kulamulira dera la Babulo, ndipo ku Perisiya (Iran), Girisi ndi Roma, ku Italiya kunali maboma odzilamulira.
35. Ndi liti pamene “mwala” umenewo udzakantha fanolo, ndipo fanolo lidzafafanizidwa kotheratu motani?
35 Ufumu wakumwamba wa Mulungu posachedwapa udzaphwanya fano lophiphiritsalo kumapazi ake. Motero maufumu onse oimiridwa ndi fanolo adzaswedwa, kuwathetseratu onsewo. Ndithudi, pa “nkhondo ya tsiku lalikulu la Mulungu, Wamphamvuyonse,” “mwala” umenewo udzakantha ndi mphamvu yotswanyiratu fanolo moti lidzapereka ngati ufa, kenako chimphepo cha Mulungu chidzauulutsa ngati mungu wa pamwala wamphero. (Chivumbulutso 16:14, 16) Kenako, mofanana ndi mwala umene unakula mpaka kukhala phiri lodzaza dziko lonse lapansi, Ufumu wa Mulungu, udzakhala boma longa phiri limene lidzakuta “dziko lonse lapansi.”—Danieli 2:35.
36. N’chifukwa chiyani Ufumu Waumesiya ungatchedwe boma lokhazikika?
36 Ngakhale kuti Ufumu Waumesiya uli wakumwamba, mphamvu yake idzatsikiranso padziko lathu lapansi ndi kudalitsa anthu onse omvera. Boma lokhazikika limeneli ‘silidzawonongeka ku nthaŵi zonse’ kapena ‘kusiyidwira mtundu wina wa anthu.’ Mosiyana ndi maufumu a olamulira aumunthu amene amafa, uwo ‘udzakhala chikhalire,’ kunthaŵi zomka muyaya. (Danieli 2:44) Musalole kuti mwayiwu wodzakhala mmodzi wa nzika zake kwamuyaya ukupitirireni.
[Mawu a M’munsi]
KODI MWAZINDIKIRA CHIYANI?
• Kodi ndi maulamuliro ati amphamvu padziko lonse amene akuimiridwa ndi mbali zosiyanasiyana za fano lalikulu limene Nebukadinezara analota?
• Kodi mapazi ndi zala khumi zakumapazi zosanganikirana ndi chitsulo komanso dongo zikuimira mkhalidwe wotani wa dziko?
• Kodi “mwala” umenewo ‘unasemedwa’ liti ndipo kuchokera mu “phiri” lotani?
• Kodi “mwala” umenewo udzakantha liti fanolo?
[Bokosi/Zithunzi pamasamba 63-67]
MFUMU YANKHONDO IMANGA UFUMU WAUKULU
KALONGA woloŵa ufumu wa Babulo ndi gulu lake lankhondo anagonjetsa kotheratu gulu lankhondo a Igupto lotsogozedwa ndi Farao Neko ku Karikemisi, ku Suriya. Aiguptowo atagonjetsedwa moteromo anathaŵira kumwera kuloŵera ku Igupto, ndipo Ababulo anali kuwalondola. Koma pakufika uthenga wochokera ku Babulo umene ukulepheretsa kalonga wogonjetsayo kupitiriza kuwapitikitsa. Uthengawo ndi wakuti atate wake, Nabopolasa, amwalira. Nebukadinezara akulangiza akazembe akewo kuti agwire adaniwo ndi kubwera nawo monga andende limodzi ndi zofunkha, koma iye akufulumira kubwerera kumudzi kumene akukam’longa ufumu m’malo mwa atate wake.
Choncho Nebukadinezara anakhala pampando wachifumu wa Babulo m’chaka cha 624 B.C.E. ndipo anali wolamulira wachiŵiri mu Ufumu Watsopano wa Babulo. M’zaka 43 za ulamuliro wake, analanda madera amene panthaŵi ina anali m’manja mwa Ulamuliro Wamphamvu Padziko Lonse wa Asiriya ndipo anafutukula malire ake, naphatikiza Suriya kumpoto ndi Palesitina kumadzulo mpaka kumalire ndi Igupto.—Onani mapu.
M’chaka chachinayi cha ulamuliro wake (620 B.C.E.), Nebukadinezara anapanga Yuda kukhala ufumu wake waung’ono wolamulira pansi pa iye. (2 Mafumu 24:1) Patatha zaka zitatu, Ayudawo anapanduka ndi kuputa mkwiyo wa Ababulo ndipo iwo anadzazinga Yerusalemu. Nebukadinezara anatenga Yoyakini, Danieli, ndi ena napita nawo ku ukaidi ku Babulo. Mfumuyo inatenganso ziwiya zina za m’kachisi wa Yehova. Atatero, anatenga Zedekiya, malume wa Yoyakini, nam’khazika mfumu yaing’ono ya Yuda yolamulira pansi pake.—2 Mafumu 24:2-17; Danieli 1:6, 7.
M’kupita kwa nthaŵi, Zedekiyanso anapanduka, atapanga mgwirizano ndi Igupto. Zitatero, Nebukadinezara anazinganso Yerusalemu ndipo mu 607 B.C.E., anagwetsa linga lake, natentha kachisi, ndi kuwononga mzindawo. Anaphanso ana aamuna onse a Zedekiya, nam’kolowola maso Zedekiya, kum’manga, ndi kum’tengera ku Babulo monga wandende. Nebukadinezara anatengera anthu ambiri ku ukaidi, natenganso ziwiya zotsala za m’kachisi ndi kupita nazo ku Babulo. “Motero anamuka nawo Ayuda andende kuwachotsa m’dziko lawo.”—2 Mafumu 24:18–25:21.
Nebukadinezara anagonjetsanso mzinda wa Turo mwa kuuzinga kwa zaka 13. M’nthaŵi imene anazinga mzindawo, mitu ya asilikali ake “inachita dazi” popereseka ndi zisoti zankhondo, ndipo mapewa awo “ananyuka” ndi kunyamula milimo yomangira pantchito yozinga mzindawo. (Ezekieli 29:18) Potsirizira pake, Turo anagonja ku magulu ankhondo a Babulo.
Mfumu ya Babulo mwachionekere inali wankhondo waluso ndi wochenjera. Mabuku ena, makamaka olembedwa ku Babulo, amam’fotokozanso kukhala mfumu yachilungamo. Ngakhale kuti Malemba sanena mwatchutchutchu kuti Nebukadinezara anali wachilungamo, mneneri Yeremiya anati ngakhale kuti Zedekiya anapanduka, akanam’chitira mokoma mtima ‘ngati akanatulukira kwa akulu a mfumu ya ku Babulo.’ (Yeremiya 38:17, 18) Ndipo pambuyo pa kuwonongedwa kwa Yerusalemu, Nebukadinezara anachita ndi Yeremiya mwaulemu. Ponena za Yeremiya, mfumuyo inalamula kuti: “Um’tenge, num’yang’anire bwino, usam’sautse, koma um’chitire monga iye adzanena nawe.”—Yeremiya 39:11, 12; 40:1-4.
Monga woyang’anira, Nebukadinezara anazindikira msanga mikhalidwe ndi maluso a Danieli ndi anzake atatuwo—Sadrake, Mesaki, ndi Abedinego—amene mayina awo achihebri anali Hananiya, Misaeli, ndi Azariya. Choncho mfumuyo inawagwiritsa ntchito m’maudindo aakulu mu ufumu wake.—Danieli 1:6, 7, 19-21; 2:49.
Nebukadinezara anali wodzipereka kwambiri kwa mulungu Maduki, mkulu wa milungu ya Babulo. Mfumuyi inakhulupirira kuti zilakiko zake zonse zinatheka chifukwa cha mphamvu yochokera kwa Maduki. M’Babulomo, iye anamanga ndi kukongoletsa akachisi a Maduki ndi a milungu ina yambiri yachibabulo. Zikuoneka kuti fano lagolidi limene analiimika m’chidikha cha Dura linali lopatuliridwa kwa Maduki. Ndipo zikuoneka kuti Nebukadinezara anadalira kwambiri kuwombeza pokonzekera nkhondo zake.
Nebukadinezara anasangalalanso kumanganso Babulo, mzinda wa malinga waukulu kuposa wina uliwonse panthaŵiyo. Mwa kumaliza malinga ophatikizira aŵiriaŵiri amene atate wake anali atayamba kumanga, Nebukadinezara anachititsa likululo kuoneka ngati losagonjetseka. Mfumuyo inakonzanso nyumba yachifumu yomwe inali pakatikati pa mzindawo nimanganso nyumba ina yachifumu ya m’chirimwe pamtunda wa makilomita pafupifupi aŵiri kumpoto. Pofuna kukhutiritsa mfumukazi yake yachimedi, imene inali kulakalaka mapiri ndi nkhalango zakwawo, Nebukadinezara akuti anamanga minda yolenjekeka yamaluŵa—yoŵerengeredwa monga chimodzi mwa zodabwitsa zisanu ndi ziŵiri za m’nthaŵi yakaleyo.
“Suyu Babulo wamkulu ndinam’manga, akhale pokhala pachifumu, ndi mphamvu yanga yaikulu uoneke ulemerero wa chifumu changa?” inadzitama motero mfumuyo tsiku lina pamene inali kuwongola miyendo panyumba yachifumu ya Babulo. “Akali m’kamwa mwa mfumu mawu aŵa,” mfumuyo inayaluka ndi kuchita misala. Pazaka zisanu ndi ziŵiri zimene sinali yokhoza kulamulira, inadya udzu, mogwirizana ndi zimene Danieli analosera. Pakutha kwa nyengoyo, ufumuwo unabwezeretsedwa kwa Nebukadinezara, ndipo analamulira mpaka imfa yake mu 582 B.C.E.—Danieli 4:30-36.
KODI MWAZINDIKIRA CHIYANI?
Kodi tinganenenji za Nebukadinezara monga
• wankhondo waluso?
• woyang’anira?
• mlambiri wa Maduki?
• womanga?
[Mapu]
(Onani m’buku lenileni kuti mumvetse izi)
UFUMU WA BABULO
NYANJA YOFIIRA
Yerusalemu
Mtsinje wa Firate
Mtsinje wa Tigirisi
Nineve
Susa
Babulo
Uri
[Chithunzi]
Babulo, mzinda wa malinga waukulu koposa panthaŵiyo
[Chithunzi]
Chinjoka chinali chizindikiro cha Maduki
[Chithunzi]
Minda yamaluŵa yolenjekeka yotchuka ya Babulo
[Chithunzi patsamba 56]
(Onani m’buku lenileni kuti mumvetse izi)
MAULAMULIRO AMPHAMVU PADZIKO LONSE A MU ULOSI WA DANIELI
Fano lalikulu (Danieli 2:31-45)
BABULO kuchokera mu 607 B.C.E.
MEDIYA NDI PERISIYA kuchokera mu 539 B.C.E.
GIRISI kuchokera mu 331 B.C.E.
ROMA kuchokera mu 30 B.C.E.
ULAMULIRO WAMPHAMVU PADZIKO LONSE WA BRITAIN NDI AMERICA kuchokera mu 1763 C.E.
DZIKO LOGAŴIKANA PANDALE m’nthaŵi zamapeto
[Chithunzi chachikulu patsamba 47]
[Chithunzi chachikulu patsamba 58]