Opulumuka ku “Mbadwo Woipa”

“Ha! obadwa inu osakhulupirira ndi amphulupulu, ndidzakhala ndi inu nthaŵi yanji, ndi kulekerera inu?”​—LUKA 9:41.

 1. (a) Kodi nthaŵi yathu yatsoka imasonyezanji? (b) Kodi Malemba amati chiyani ponena za opulumuka?

TIKUKHALA m’nthaŵi yatsoka. Zivomezi, kusefuka kwa madzi, njala, matenda, kusaweruzika, kuphulitsa mabomba, nkhondo zowopsa​—zimenezi ndi masoka ena zagwera anthu m’zaka za zana lathu la 20. Komabe, patsogolopa padzachitika tsoka lalikulu koposa. Kodi limenelo nchiyani? Ndilo “masauko aakulu [“chisautso chachikulu,” NW], monga sipadakhale otero kuyambira chiyambi cha dziko, kufikira tsopano, inde ndipo sipadzakhalanso.” (Mateyu 24:21) Komabe, ambiri a ife tingayembekezere mtsogolo mokondweretsa! Chifukwa? Chifukwa Mawu a Mulungu mwiniyo amatchula “khamu lalikulu, loti palibe munthu anakhoza kuliŵerenga, ochokera mwa mtundu uliwonse, ndi mafuko ndi anthu ndi manenedwe . . . Iwo ndiwo akutuluka m’chisautso chachikulu . . . sadzamvanso njala, kapena ludzu, . . . ndipo Mulungu adzawapukutira misozi yonse pamaso pawo.”​—Chivumbulutso 7:1, 9, 14-17.

 2. Kodi mavesi otsegulira a Mateyu 24, Marko 13, ndi Luka 21 anali ndi kukwaniritsidwa koyamba kwa ulosi kotani?

² Mbiri youziridwa yolembedwa pa Mateyu 24:3-22, Marko 13:3-20, ndi Luka 21:7-24 imayamba ndi mafotokozedwe a Yesu aulosi wa “mathedwe a nthaŵi ya pansi pano.”a Kukwaniritsidwa koyamba kwa ulosi umenewu kunachitika pa dongosolo loipa la zinthu Lachiyuda la m’zaka za zana loyamba za Nyengo Ino, kukumathera “m’chisautso chachikulu” chimene sichinachitikepo pa Ayuda. Chipembedzo chonse ndi ndale za dongosolo Lachiyuda, zokhala ndi malikulu ake pakachisi wa m’Yerusalemu, zinatha, osadzakhalakonso.

 3. Kodi nchifukwa ninji tifunika kufulumira kulabadira ulosi wa Yesu lerolino?

³ Tsopano tiyeni tilingalire za mikhalidwe imene inalipo pa kukwaniritsidwa koyamba kwa ulosi wa Yesu. Zimenezi zidzatithandiza kwambiri kumvetsa kukwaniritsidwanso kwake lerolino. Zidzatisonyeza chifukwa chake tiyenera kufulumira kuchitapo kanthu tsopano kuti tikapulumuke chisautso chachikulu koposa chimene anthu akuyang’anizana nacho.​—Aroma 10:9-13; 15:4; 1 Akorinto 10:11; 15:58.

“Mapeto”​—Liti?

4, 5. (a) Kodi nchifukwa ninji Ayuda owopa Mulungu a m’zaka za zana loyamba C.E. anali ndi chidwi pa ulosi wa Danieli 9:24-27? (b) Kodi ulosi umenewu unakwaniritsidwa motani?

⁴ Pafupifupi chaka cha 539 B.C.E., Danieli mneneri wa Mulungu analandira masomphenya a zochitika zimene zidzachitika mkati mwa “sabata” lomaliza la nyengo ya “masabata makumi asanu ndi aŵiri” a zaka. (Danieli 9:24-27) “Masabata” ameneŵa anayamba mu 455 B.C.E. pamene Mfumu Aritasasta wa Peresiya analamula kuti mzinda wa Yerusalemu umangidwenso. “Sabata” lomaliza linayamba pa kuonekera kwa Mesiya, Yesu Kristu, pa ubatizo wake ndi kudzozedwa kwake mu 29 C.E.b Ayuda owopa Mulungu a m’zaka za zana loyamba C.E. anali kuidziŵa bwino nthaŵi imeneyi ya ulosi wa Danieli. Mwachitsanzo, ponena za makamu amene anapita mwaunyinji wawo kukamvetsera ulaliki wa Yohane Mbatizi mu 29 C.E., Luka 3:15 amati: “Anthu anali kuyembekezera, ndipo onse anaganizaganiza m’mitima yawo za Yohane, ngati kapena iye ali Kristu.”

⁵ “Sabata” la 70 linali kudzakhala zaka zisanu ndi ziŵiri za chiyanjo chapadera kulinga kwa Ayuda. Likumayamba mu 29 C.E., linaphatikizapo ubatizo ndi utumiki wa Yesu, imfa yake yansembe “pakati pa sabata” mu 33 C.E., ndi ‘theka la sabata’ linanso kufikira mu 36 C.E. Mkati mwa “sabata” limeneli, mwaŵi wa kukhala ophunzira a Yesu odzozedwa unaperekedwa kwa Ayuda owopa Mulungu ndi kwa otembenukira Kuchiyuda okha. Ndiyeno mu 70 C.E., deti losadziŵikiratu, magulu ankhondo Achiroma otsogozedwa ndi Titus anapululutsa dongosolo Lachiyuda lampatuko.​—Danieli 9:26, 27.

 6. Kodi “chonyansa cha kupululutsa” chinachitapo motani mu 66 C.E., ndipo Akristu anachita motani?

⁶ Motero ansembe Achiyuda, amene anaipitsa kachisi wa Yerusalemu ndi kupanga chiŵembu cha kupha Mwana wake wa Mulungu, anawonongedwa. Ndiponso, kaundula wa boma ndi mafuko anawonongedwera kumodzi. Pambuyo pake, palibe Myuda aliyense amene akanatha kunena kuti anali mumzera wa ansembe kapena wachifumu. Komabe, chosangalatsa nchakuti Ayuda auzimu odzozedwa anali atapatulidwa kukhala ansembe achifumu kuti ‘akalalikire zoposazo’ za Yehova Mulungu. (1 Petro 2:9) Nthaŵi yoyamba pamene gulu la nkhondo la Roma linazinga Yerusalemu ndiponso ngakhale kupasula mbali ina ya kachisi mu 66 C.E., Akristu anazindikira kuti gulu la nkhondolo linali “chonyansa cha kupululutsa, chimene chidanenedwa ndi Danieli mneneri, chitaima m’malo oyera.” Momvera lamulo laulosi la Yesu, Akristu m’Yerusalemu ndi Yudeya anathaŵira kumapiri kaamba ka chitetezo.​—Mateyu 24:15, 16; Luka 21:20, 21.

7, 8. Kodi ndi “chizindikiro” chotani chimene Akristu anaona, ndipo nchiyani chimene sanadziŵe?

⁷ Akristu okhulupirika Achiyuda amenewo anaona kukwaniritsidwa kwa ulosi wa Danieli ndipo anali mboni zoona ndi maso za nkhondo zowopsa, njala, miliri, zivomezi, ndi kusaweruzika zimene Yesu ananeneratu monga mbali ya “chizindikiro . . . cha mathedwe a nthaŵi ya pansi pano.” (Mateyu 24:3) Koma kodi Yesu anawauza pamene Yehova adzaperekadi chiweruzo pa dongosolo loipalo? Ayi. Zimene analosera ponena za chimake cha kukhalapo kwake kwachifumu kwa mtsogolo ndithudi zinakhudzanso “chisautso chachikulu” cha m’zaka za zana loyamba: “Koma za tsiku ilo ndi nthaŵi yake sadziŵa munthu aliyense, angakhale angelo akumwamba, kapena Mwana, koma Atate yekha.”​—Mateyu 24:36.

⁸ Mwa kugwiritsira ntchito ulosi wa Danieli, Ayuda anakhoza kuŵerengera nthaŵi ya kuonekera kwa Yesu monga Mesiya. (Danieli 9:25) Komabe sanapatsidwe tsiku la “chisautso chachikulu” chimene pomaliza chinapululutsa dongosolo la zinthu Lachiyuda lampatuko. Iwo anangodziŵa pambuyo pake pa chiwonongeko cha Yerusalemu ndi kachisi wake kuti tsikulo linali 70 C.E. Komabe, iwo anadziŵa mawu a ulosi a Yesu akuti: “Mbadwo uwu sudzatha kuchoka, kufikira zinthu zonsezi zidzachitidwa.” (Mateyu 24:34) Mwachionekere, tanthauzo la liwulo “mbadwo” panopa likusiyana ndi lija la pa Mlaliki 1:4, limene limanena za mibadwo yotsatizana yomakhalako ndi kuchoka m’kupita kwa nyengo yaitali.

“Mbadwo Uwu”​—Kodi Ndi Uti?

 9. Kodi madikishonale amalimasulira motani liwu Lachigiriki lakuti ge·ne·aʹ?

⁹ Pamene atumwi anayi omwe anakhala pa Phiri la Azitona ndi Yesu anamva ulosi wake wa “mathedwe a nthaŵi ya pansi pano,” kodi analimva motani liwulo “mbadwo uwu”? M’Mauthenga Abwino liwulo “mbadwo” latembenuzidwa kuchokera ku liwu Lachigiriki lakuti ge·ne·aʹ, limene madikishonale amakono amalimasulira ndi mawu otsatirawa: “Kwenikweni aja obadwa kwa kholo limodzi.” (Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament ya Walter Bauer) “Aja obadwa, banja; . . . anthu opitiriza kukhalako a mbadwo umodzi . . . kapena a fuko limodzi la anthu . . . kapena khamu lonse la anthu okhala ndi moyo nthaŵi imodzimodzi, Mat. 24:34; Marko 13:30; Luka 1:48; 21:32; Afil. 2:15, ndipo makamaka aja a fuko Lachiyuda okhala ndi moyo nyengo imodzimodzi.” (Expository Dictionary of New Testament Words ya W. E. Vine) “Aja obadwa, anthu a fuko limodzimodzi, banja; . . . khamu lonse la anthu okhala ndi moyo nthaŵi imodzimodzi: Mt. xxiv. 34; Mk. xiii. 30; Lk. i. 48 . . . logwiritsiridwa ntchito makamaka pa fuko Lachiyuda lokhala ndi moyo nyengo imodzimodzi.”​—Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament ya J. H. Thayer.

10. (a) Kodi ndi mamasuliridwe ofanana otani amene akatswiri aŵiri akupereka posonyeza Mateyu 24:34? (b) Kodi dikishonale ya zaumulungu ndi matembenuzidwe ena a Baibulo amachirikiza motani kumasuliraku?

¹⁰ Motero onse aŵiri Vine ndi Thayer akusonyeza Mateyu 24:34 pomasulira “mbadwo uwu” (he ge·ne·aʹ hauʹte) kukhala “khamu lonse la anthu okhala ndi moyo nthaŵi imodzimodzi.” Theological Dictionary of the New Testament (1964) ikuchirikiza kumasulira kumeneku, ikumati: “Kugwiritsira ntchito ‘mbadwo’ kwa Yesu kukusonyeza chifuno chake chachikulu: akusumika maganizo pa mtundu wathunthu ndipo akuzindikira kuchimwa kwawo onse.” Inde “kuchimwa kwawo onse” kunaonekera mumtundu Wachiyuda pamene Yesu anali pa dziko lapansi, monga momwedi kumaonekera m’dziko lerolino.c

11. (a) Kodi ndi umboni uti umene kwenikweni uyenera kutitsogolera pofuna kudziŵa mmene tingagwiritsire ntchito he ge·ne·aʹ hauʹte? (b) Kodi mu umboni umenewu analigwiritsira ntchito motani liwulo?

¹¹ Kalingaliridwe ka Akristu ophunzira nkhaniyi ndithudi kamatsogozedwa kwenikweni ndi mmene alembi ouziridwa a Mauthenga Abwino anagwiritsirira ntchito mawuwo Achigiriki he ge·ne·aʹ hauʹte, kapena “mbadwo uwu,” polemba mawu a Yesu. Mawuwo mosasintha anagwiritsiridwa ntchito mwa njira yoipa. Motero, Yesu anatcha atsogoleri achipembedzo Achiyuda “njoka inu, obadwa inu a mamba” napitiriza kunena kuti chiweruzo cha Gehena chidzaperekedwa pa “mbadwo uwu wamakono.” (Mateyu 23:33, 36) Komabe, kodi chiweruzo chimenechi chinali chabe cha atsogoleri achipembedzo onyengawo? Ayi. Nthaŵi zambiri, ophunzira a Yesu anamumva akulankhula za “mbadwo uwu,” akumagwiritsira ntchito liwulo mosasintha ndi tanthauzo lokulirapo. Kodi limenelo linali chiyani?

‘Mbadwo Uwu Woipa’

12. Pamene ophunzira ake anali kumvetsera, kodi Yesu anagwirizanitsa motani “makamu a anthu” ndi “mbadwo uwu”?

¹² Mu 31 C.E., mu utumiki waukulu wa Yesu ku Galileya ndipo Paskha itangotha, ophunzira ake anamumva akunena ndi “makamu a anthu” kuti: “Koma ndidzafanizira ndi chiyani obadwa [“mbadwo,” NW] aŵa amakono? Ali ofanana ndi ana akukhala m’mabwalo a malonda, amene alikuitana anzawo. Ndi kuti, Tinakulizirani inu zitoliro, ndipo inu simunavina; tinabuma maliro, ndipo inu simunalira. Pakuti Yohane [Mbatizi] anadza wosadya, wosamwa, ndipo iwo amati, Ali ndi chiŵanda. Mwana wa munthu [Yesu] anadza wakudya, ndi wakumwa, ndipo iwo amati, Onani munthu wakudyaidya ndi wakumwaimwa vinyo, bwenzi la amisonkho ndi ochimwa!” Palibe chimene chikanakondweretsa “makamu a anthu” amenewo opanda khalidwe!​—Mateyu 11:7, 16-19.

13. Ophunzira ake ali pomwepo, kodi ndani amene Yesu anadziŵikitsa ndi kuweruza monga ‘mbadwo uwu woipa’?

¹³ Pambuyo pake mu 31 C.E., pamene Yesu ndi ophunzira ake anayamba ulendo wawo wachiŵiri wolalikira ku Galileya, “alembi ndi Afarisi ena” anapempha chizindikiro kwa Yesu. Iye anawauza iwo ndi “makamu a anthu” omwe analipo kuti: “Akubadwa [“mbadwo”] oipa achigololo afunafuna chizindikiro; ndipo sichidzapatsidwa kwa iwo chizindikiro, komatu chizindikiro cha Yona mneneri; pakuti monga Yona anali m’mimba mwa chinsomba masiku atatu ndi usiku wake, chomwecho Mwana wa munthu adzakhala mumtima mwa dziko lapansi masiku atatu ndi usiku wake. . . . Kotero kudzakhalanso kwa obadwa [“mbadwo”] oipa amakono.” (Mateyu 12:38-46) Mosakayikira, ‘mbadwo uwu woipa’ unaphatikiza ponse paŵiri atsogoleri achipembedzo ndi “makamu a anthu” amene sanazindikire konse chizindikiro chimene imfa ndi chiukiriro cha Yesu zinakwaniritsa.d

14. Kodi ophunzira a Yesu anamumva akupereka chiweruzo chotani pa Asaduki ndi Afarisi?

¹⁴ Pambuyo pa Paskha wa 32 C.E., pamene Yesu ndi ophunzira ake anafika m’dera la Magadani ku Galileya, Asaduki ndi Afarisi anampemphanso chizindikiro Yesu. Iye anabwereza yankho lake kwa iwo nati: “Obadwa oipa ndi achigololo afunafuna chizindikiro; ndipo sadzalandira chizindikiro china, koma chizindikiro cha Yona.” (Mateyu 16:1-4) Onyenga achipembedzowo analidi ndi mlandu waukulu pokhala atsogoleri pakati pa “makamu a anthu” osakhulupirira amene Yesu anawaweruza kukhala ‘mbadwo uwu woipa.’

15. Nthaŵi pang’ono Yesu asanasandulike ndipo mwamsanga pambuyo pake, kodi iye ndi ophunzira ake anali ndi chokumana nacho chotani ndi ‘mbadwo uwu’?

¹⁵ Chakumapeto kwa utumiki wake wa ku Galileya, Yesu anaitana khamu la anthu pamodzi ndi ophunzira ake nati: “Yense wakuchita manyazi chifukwa cha ine, ndi cha mawu anga mu mbadwo uno wachigololo ndi wochimwa, Mwana wa munthu adzachitanso manyazi chifukwa cha iyeyu.” (Marko 8:34, 38) Chotero makamu a Ayuda osalapa panthaŵiyo mosakayikira anapanga “mbadwo uno wachigololo ndi wochimwa.” Patapita masiku angapo, pambuyo pa kusandulika kwa Yesu, Yesu ndi ophunzira ake “anadza kwa khamu la anthu,” ndipo munthu wina anampempha kuchiritsa mwana wake. Yesu anati: “Ha, obadwa osakhulupirira ndi amphulupulu, ndidzakhala ndi inu nthaŵi yanji? Ndidzalekerera inu nthaŵi yanji?”​—Mateyu 17:14-17; Luka 9:37-41.

16. (a) Kodi ndi chiweruzo chotani cha “makamu a anthu” chimene Yesu anabwereza ku Yudeya? (b) Kodi ‘mbadwo uwu’ unachita motani upandu woipitsitsa pa maupandu onse?

¹⁶ Mwachionekere kunali ku Yudeya, pambuyo pa Phwando la Misasa mu 32 C.E., kumene “pakusonkhana pamodzi makamu a anthu” kwa Yesu, iye anabwereza chiweruzo chake pa iwo, akumati: “Mbadwo uno ndi mbadwo woipa; ufuna chizindikiro, ndipo chizindikiro sichidzapatsidwa kwa uwu koma chizindikiro cha Yona.” (Luka 11:29) Potsirizira pake, pamene atsogoleri achipembedzo anapereka Yesu kukamzenga mlandu, Pilato anafuna kummasula. Nkhaniyo imati: “Koma ansembe aakulu anapangira anthu kuti apemphe Baraba, koma kuti awononge Yesu. . . . Pilato ananena kwa iwo, Nanga ndidzachita chiyani ndi Yesu, wotchedwa Kristu? Onse anati, Apachikidwe . . . Ndipo iye anati, Chifukwa ninji? Anachita choipa chotani? Koma iwo anafuulitsa kopambana, Apachikidwe . . . ” “Mbadwo woipa” umenewo unafuna kuti Yesu aphedwe!​—Mateyu 27:20-25.

17. Kodi ena a ‘mbadwo uwu wokhotakhota’ analabadira motani ulaliki wa Petro pa Pentekoste?

¹⁷ Motero ‘mbadwo wosakhulupirira ndi wamphulupulu,’ wosonkhezeredwa ndi atsogoleri ake achipembedzo, unathandizira kwambiri kupha Ambuye Yesu Kristu. Patapita masiku 50, pa Pentekoste wa 33 C.E., ophunzira analandira mzimu woyera nayamba kulankhula malilime osiyanasiyana. Utamva mawuwo, “unyinji wa anthu unasonkhana,” ndipo mtumwi Petro anawatcha “amuna inu Ayuda, ndi inu nonse akukhala kwanu m’Yerusalemu,” nati: “Ameneyo [Yesu], . . . inu mwampachika ndi kumupha ndi manja a anthu osayeruzika.” Kodi ena a omvetserawo anamva bwanji? “Analaswa mtima.” Ndiyeno Petro anawapempha kulapa. “Anachita umboni, nawadandaulira iwo, nanena, Mudzipulumutse kwa mbadwo uno wokhotakhota.” Chifukwa cha zimenezo, anthu ngati zikwi zitatu “analandira mawu ake [na]batizidwa.”​—Machitidwe 2:6, 14, 23, 37, 40, 41.

“Mbadwo Uwu” Udziŵika

18. Kodi kugwiritsira ntchito kwa Yesu mawu a “mbadwo uwu” kumanena za chiyani mosasintha?

¹⁸ Pamenepa, kodi “mbadwo” wotchulidwa kaŵirikaŵiri ndi Yesu pamene ophunzira ake alipo nchiyani? Kodi iwo anawamva motani mawu akewo: “Mbadwo uwu sudzatha kuchoka, kufikira zinthu zonsezi zidzachitidwa”? Ndithudi, Yesu sanali kusintha njira yake yokhazikika imene anagwiritsirira ntchito liwulo “mbadwo uwu,” limene mosasintha analigwiritsira ntchito kunena za makamu a anthu oipa apanthaŵiyo ndi “atsogoleri [awo] akhungu” amene pamodzi anapanga mtundu Wachiyuda. (Mateyu 15:14) “Mbadwo uwu” anaugwera masoka onse onenedweratu ndi Yesu ndiyeno unachoka pa ‘chisautso chachikulu’ chosayerekezeka chimene chinagwera Yerusalemu.​—Mateyu 24:21, 34.

19. Kodi ndiliti pamene “thambo ndi dziko lapansi” za dongosolo Lachiyuda zinachoka, ndipo motani?

¹⁹ M’zaka za zana loyamba, Yehova anali kuweruza mtundu wa Ayuda. Anthu olapa, amene anayamba kuika chikhulupiriro m’makonzedwe achifundo a Yehova mwa Kristu, anapulumuka ‘chisautso chachikulu’ chimenecho. Malinga ndi zimene Yesu ananeneratu, zonse zimene analosera zinachitika, ndiyeno “thambo ndi dziko lapansi” za dongosolo la zinthu Lachiyuda​—mtundu wonsewo, limodzi ndi atsogoleri ake achipembedzo ndi anthu onse oipa​—zinachoka. Yehova anapereka chiweruzo!​—Mateyu 24:35; yerekezerani ndi 2 Petro 3:7.

20. Kodi ndi chilangizo cha panthaŵi yake chotani chofulumiza chimene chikugwira ntchito kwa Akristu onse?

²⁰ Ayuda aja amene anasamalira mawu a Yesu aulosi anazindikira kuti chipulumutso chawo chinadalira pa kukhala kwawo olekana ndi mbadwo woipa wa panthaŵiyo ndi kuchita chifuniro cha Mulungu mwachangu, koma osati pa kuyesa kuŵerengera utali wa “mbadwo” kapena ‘nthaŵi ndi nyengo’ yoikika. Ngakhale kuti mawu omaliza a ulosi wa Yesu ali ndi kukwaniritsidwa kwake kwakukulu m’tsiku lathu, Akristu Achiyuda a m’zaka za zana loyamba anafunikiranso kulabadira chilangizo chakuti: “Koma inu dikirani nyengo zonse, ndi kupemphera, kuti mukalimbike kupulumuka zonse zimene zidzachitika, ndi kuimirira pamaso pa Mwana wa munthu.”​—Luka 21:32-36; Machitidwe 1:6-8.

21. Kodi ndi chochitika chotani cha mwadzidzidzi chimene tikuyembekezera patsogolopa?

²¹ Lerolino, “tsiku lalikulu la Yehova . . . lili pafupi lifulumira kudza.” (Zefaniya 1:14-18; Yesaya 13:9, 13) Mwadzidzidzi, “tsiku ilo ndi nthaŵi” yoikika ya Yehova, mkwiyo wake udzayakira magulu achipembedzo, andale ndi amalonda a dzikoli, pamodzi ndi anthu opulupudza amene apanga ‘mbadwo woipa ndi wachigololo.’ (Mateyu 12:39; 24:36; Chivumbulutso 7:1-3, 9, 14) Kodi mungapulumuke motani “chisautso chachikulu”? Nkhani yathu yotsatira idzapereka yankho lake ndi kufotokoza za chiyembekezo chamtsogolo chabwino koposa.

[Mawu a M’munsi]

Kodi Mungayankhe Motani?

◻ Kodi kukwaniritsidwa kwa Danieli 9:24-27 kumatiphunzitsanji?

◻ Kodi madikishonale amakono amamasulira motani “mbadwo uwu” monga momwe Baibulo laugwiritsira ntchito?

◻ Kodi Yesu mosasintha analigwiritsira ntchito motani liwulo “mbadwo”?

◻ Kodi Mateyu 24:34, 35 anakwaniritsidwa motani m’zaka za zana loyamba?

[Chithunzi patsamba 12]

Yesu anafanizira “mbadwo uwu” ndi makamu a ana osaweruzika

[Chithunzi patsamba 15]

Yehova yekha ndiye anadziŵiratu tsiku lopereka chiweruzo pa dongosolo loipa Lachiyuda