Umuntu wese azatura munsi y’umutini we

MU BIHUGU byo mu burasirazuba bwo hagati, kubona ahantu hari igicucu ku zuba ryo mu cyi ntibiba byoroshye. Igiti cyose umuntu ashobora kugamamo akazuba, cyane cyane iyo kiri hafi y’urugo, aracyishimira cyane. Igiti cy’umutini gitanga igicucu kurusha ibindi biti byose byo muri ako karere kuko kigira amababi manini n’amashami agaye.

Hari igitabo kivuga ko ‘[igiti cy’umutini] gitanga amafu n’akayaga gahehereye kurusha ihema’ (Plants of the Bible). Muri Isirayeli ya kera, abahinzi baruhukiraga munsi y’ibiti by’imitini byameraga ku nkengero z’imirima y’imizabibu.

Iyo habaga hiriwe izuba ryinshi, abagize umuryango bateraniraga munsi y’igiti cy’umutini bakishima bagasabana. Si ibyo gusa. Igiti cy’umutini cyahaga nyiracyo imbuto nyinshi zifite intungamubiri. Ni yo mpamvu kuva mu gihe cya Salomo, kuvuga ngo umuntu yicaye munsi y’umutini we byagaragazaga ko hari amahoro n’uburumbuke.—1 Abami 4:24, 25.

Ibinyejana byinshi mbere y’icyo gihe, umuhanuzi Mose yari yaravuze ko Igihugu cy’Isezerano ari ‘igihugu cy’imitini’ (Gutegeka 8:8). Ba batasi cumi na babiri bagarutse mu mahema y’Abisirayeli bazanye imbuto z’imitini n’iz’ibindi biti kugira ngo bagaragaze ko icyo gihugu cyarumbukaga (Kubara 13:21-23). Mu kinyejana cya 19 hari umuntu watembereye muri biriya bihugu bivugwa muri Bibiliya wavuze ko umutini ari kimwe mu biti bibonekayo cyane. Ntibitangaje rero kuba Ibyanditswe bivuga kenshi ku mutini n’imbuto zawo!

Igiti cyera kabiri mu mwaka

Igiti cy’umutini gishobora ubutaka hafi ya bwose, kandi kuko imizi yacyo ishora kure cyane mu butaka, cyihanganira impeshyi yo mu Burasirazuba bwo Hagati imara igihe kirekire. Icyo giti gitandukanye n’ibindi kuko cyo muri Kamena kibanza kwera imbuto za mbere hanyuma umwero nyawo ugahera muri Kanama (Yesaya 28:4). Ubusanzwe Abisirayeli baryaga imbuto za mbere bakimara kuzisoroma. Izeraga nyuma barazumishaga bakazazirya buhoro buhoro. Iyo mitini yumye barayisyaga bagakoramo umugati, rimwe na rimwe bakongeramo n’utubuto tw’ibiti bita imiruzi. Iyo migati ikoze mu mitini yabaga ari imigati myiza, irimo intungamubiri kandi iryoshye.

Wa mugore w’umunyabwenge witwaga Abigayili yahaye Dawidi imigati 200 ikoze mu mitini, kuko yatekerezaga ko nta biribwa byaruta ibyo ku bantu bari mu buhungiro (1 Samweli 25:18, 27). Imitini iseye yabagamo umuti. Igihe Umwami Hezekiya yari arwaye ikibyimba cyari kimumereye nabi, bagisizeho akanombe k’imitini. Icyakora, kuba Hezekiya yarakize byatewe ahanini n’uko Imana yabigizemo uruhare.a—2 Abami 20:4-7.

Mu bihe bya kera, abantu bose bari baturiye Inyanja ya Mediterane bakundaga cyane imitini yumye. Umunyapolitiki ukomeye witwaga Cato yafashe umutini awereka abari bagize Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y’i Roma kugira ngo abemeze ko bagombaga gushoza intambara ya gatatu ku mujyi wa Carthage. Imitini yumye yakundwaga cyane i Roma yaturukaga ahitwa i Kariya muri Aziya Ntoya. Ni cyo cyatumye mu Kilatini imitini yumye yitwa carica. Na n’ubu ako karere ubu ko muri Turukiya karacyagira imitini yumye myiza cyane.

Abahinzi b’Abisirayeli bakundaga gutera ibiti by’imitini mu mirima y’imizabibu, ariko iyo habaga hari igiti kitera baragitemaga. Nta mpamvu yo kwangiza ubutaka bwiza hejuru y’igiti kitazagira umwero. Mu mugani wa Yesu w’igiti cy’umutini kiteraga, nyir’uruzabibu yabwiye umukozi we ati “dore none uyu mwaka ni uwa gatatu, nza gushaka imbuto kuri uyu mutini sinzibone. Uwuce, urakomeza kunyunyuriza iki ubutaka” (Luka 13:6, 7)? Kubera ko mu gihe cya Yesu abahinzi basoreraga ibiti by’imbuto, igiti cyose kiteraga cyabaga ari icyo guhombya nyiracyo gusa.

Imitini yari mu bintu by’ibanze Abisirayeli bakundaga kurya. Ni yo mpamvu rero iyo yarumbaga, wenda bitewe n’uko Yehova yabahannye, byabaga ari akaga (Hoseya 2:14; Amosi 4:9). Umuhanuzi Habakuki yaravuze ati “n’aho umutini utatoha n’inzabibu ntizere imbuto, bagahingira ubusa imyelayo n’imirima ntiyere imyaka, . . . nta kabuza ko nishimana Uwiteka, nkanezererwa mu Mana y’agakiza kanjye.”—Habakuki 3:17, 18.

Ugereranya ishyanga ritagiraga ukwizera

Mu Byanditswe, incuro nyinshi usanga umutini n’imbuto zawo bikoreshwa mu buryo bw’ikigereranyo. Urugero, Yeremiya yagereranyije abaturage bo mu Buyuda bari mu bunyage bari barakomeje kuba indahemuka n’igitebo cyuzuye imbuto nziza za mbere z’imitini zaribwaga zitarumishwa. Abari baragiye mu bunyage ntibakomeze kuba indahemuka bo, yabagereranyije n’imitini mibi itarashoboraga kuribwa yagombaga kujugunywa.—Yeremiya 24:2, 5, 8, 10.

Mu mugani Yesu yaciye w’umutini utareraga, yagaragaje ukuntu Imana yihanganiye ishyanga ry’Abayahudi. Nk’uko twabibonye haruguru, yavuze iby’umugabo wari ufite igiti cy’umutini mu ruzabibu rwe. Icyo giti cyari kimaze imyaka itatu kitera kandi nyiracyo yari agiye kugitema. Ariko uwahingiraga uruzabibu rwe yaravuze ati “Databuja, uwureke uyu mwaka na wo, nywuhingire nywufumbire, ahari hanyuma wakwera imbuto. Icyakora nutera uzawuce.”—Luka 13:8, 9.

Igihe Yesu yacaga uwo mugani, yari amaze imyaka itatu yose abwiriza, agerageza gufasha Abayahudi kugira ngo bagire ukwizera. Yesu yashyizeho umwete mu murimo we, ‘afumbira’ icyo giti cy’umutini cy’ikigereranyo ari ryo shyanga ry’Abayahudi, bityo ariha uburyo bwo kwera imbuto. Ikibabaje ariko, icyumweru kimwe mbere y’uko Yesu apfa, byagaragaye ko iryo shyanga muri rusange ryari ryaranze kwemera Mesiya.—Matayo 23:37, 38.

Yesu yongeye gukoresha igiti cy’umutini agaragaza ukuntu iryo shyanga ryari rihagaze nabi mu buryo bw’umwuka. Igihe yari avuye i Betaniya ajya i Yerusalemu hasigaye iminsi ine ngo apfe, yabonye igiti cy’umutini cyari gifite amababi menshi ariko kitagira urubuto na rumwe. Kubera ko imbuto za mbere zazanaga n’amababi, hakaba n’igihe zije mbere y’amababi, kuba icyo giti kitari gifite imbuto byagaragaje ko nta cyo cyari kimaze.—Mariko 11:13, 14.b

Kimwe n’uwo mutini wari utoshye ariko utagira imbuto, ishyanga ry’Abayahudi na ryo washoboraga kuryibeshyaho. Ariko, ntiryigeze ryera imbuto zashimishije Imana kandi amaherezo ryanze umwana wa Yehova. Yesu yavumye icyo giti cy’umutini kiteraga, maze umunsi wakurikiyeho abigishwa basanga cyumye. Icyo giti cyumye cyagaragazaga neza rwose ukuntu Imana yari igiye kwanga ko Abayahudi bakomeza kwitwa ishyanga yari yaratoranyije.—Mariko 11:20, 21.

“Murebere ku mutini ni wo cyitegererezo”

Nanone Yesu yakoresheje igiti cy’umutini atanga isomo rikomeye ku bihereranye n’igihe cyo kuhaba kwe. Yaravuze ati “murebere ku mutini ni wo cyitegererezo: ishami ryawo, iyo ritoshye ibibabi bikamera, mumenya yuko igihe cy’impeshyi kiri bugufi. Nuko namwe nimubona ibyo byose, muzamenye yuko ari hafi, ndetse ageze ku rugi” (Matayo 24:32, 33). Iyo igiti cy’umutini gifite ibibabi bitoshye biba bigaragaza ko igihe cy’impeshyi kiri bugufi. Ubuhanuzi bukomeye bwa Yesu bwanditse muri Matayo igice cya 24, Mariko igice cya 13 na Luka igice cya 21 na bwo bugaragaza neza rwose ko ubu Yesu ahari, ari mu bwami bwe bwo mu ijuru.—Luka 21:29-31.

Kuko turiho muri icyo gihe gikomeye gityo mu mateka, dukeneye rwose kuvana icyitegererezo ku giti cy’umutini. Nitubigenza dutyo kandi tugakomeza kuba maso mu buryo bw’umwuka, tuzabona isohozwa ry’amasezerano akomeye akurikira: “umuntu wese azatura munsi y’uruzabibu rwe no munsi y’umutini we, kandi nta wuzabakangisha kuko akanwa k’Uwiteka Nyiringabo ari ko kabivuze.”—Mika 4:4.

[Ibisobanuro ahagana hasi ku ipaji]