Bimeze Bite se ku Bihereranye n’“Imirongo Imwe ya Bibiliya Ivugwaho Kuba Ihamya” Iby’Ubutatu?

HARI abavugako haba hari imirongo imwe ya Bibiliya ihamya kandi ikanashyigikira iby’Ubutatu. Nyamara ariko, mu gusoma bene iyo mirongo, twagombye kuzirikanako ibyo Bibiliya n’amateka bivuga bidashyigikira iby’Ubutatu.

Inyigisho itivuguruza ya Bibiliya yose muri rusange yagombye kudufasha gusobanukirwa buri murongo uvugwaho kuba ushyigikira ubutatu. Byakunze kugaragarako incuro nyinshi ubusobanuro nyabwo bw’umurongo nk’uwo bushobora kuboneka mu yindi miringo iwukikije.

Abaperisona Batatu mu Mana Imwe

IGITABO New Catholic Encyclopedia kivuga iby’“imirongo imwe ya Bibiliya ivugwaho kuba ihamya” ariko kikemeza nanone ko “Inyigisho y’Ubutatu Butagatifu itavugwa mu I[sezerano] rya K[era]. Mu I[sezerano] R[ishya], gihamya ya kera kurusha izindi iboneka mu nzandiko za Paulo, cyane cyane nko mu 2 Kor 13.13 [umurongo wa 14 muri Bibiliya zimwe], no mu 1 Kor 12.4-6. Mu Mavanjiri gihamya y’Ubutatu iboneka mu buryo bweruye gusa mu magambo ahereranye n’iby’umubatizo yo muri Mat. 28.19.”

Muri iyo mirongo, dore uko muri Biblia Yera ivuga iby’abo “baperisona” uko ari batatu. Mu Bakorinto ba Kabiri 13:13 (14) babakomatanyiriza hamwe uko ari batatu muri ubu buryo: “Ubuntu bg’Umwami wacu Yesu Kristo, n’urukundo rw’Imana, no kubana n’Umwuka Wera, bibane namwe.” Na ho mu Bakorinto ba Mbere 12:4-6 ho haragira hati “harihw impano z’uburyo bginshi, arik’ Umwuka n’ umwe. Kandi harih’ uburyo bginshi bgo kugabur’ iby’Imana, arik’ Umwami n’ umwe. Hariho n’ uburyo bginshi bgo gukora, arikw Imana ikorera byose muri bose n’ imwe.” Nanone muri Matayo 28:19 haravuga ngo “Nuko mugende muhindur’ abantu bo mu mahanga yos’ abigishwa, mubabatiza mw izina rya Data wa twese n’Umwana n’Umwuka Wera.”

Mbese ayo masomo avugako Imana, Kristo, n’umwuka wera bagize Imana y’Ubutatu, ko uko ari batatu bangana muri kamere, banganya ububasha no kubaho iteka? Oya, si ko bimeze, kubera ko n’ubusanzwe kuvuga abantu batatu ubakurikiranyije, nka Tom, Dick, na Harry, biba bidashaka kuvugako babaye batatu mu muntu umwe.

Igitabo cyitwa Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological, and Ecclesiastical Literature, cyanditswe na McClintock hamwe na Strong, kivugako imvugo nk’iyo “yerekana gusa ko hari ibintu bitatu bivugwa hano, . . . ariko ubwayo ntihamyako byose uko ari bitatu, byanze bikunze, bigomba kuba ari byo bigize kamere y’Imana, kandi ko byose binganya icyubahiro cy’ubumana.”

N’ubwo icyo gitabo gishyigikiye Ubutatu, ariko dore uko kivuga ku byerekeye 2 Abakorinto 13:13 (14). Kiragira kiti “Ntidushobora kubyuririraho ngo tuvuge rwose ko banganya ububasha, cyangwa ko bafite kamere imwe.” Na ho ku byerekeye Matayo 28:18-20, icyo gitabo kiragira kiti “Nyamara uyu murongo ubwawo, ntiwemeza mu buryo budakuka ko ibyo bintu bitatu bivugwamo ari abaperisona, ko bingana kandi ko ari ibice bigize Imana.”

Igihe Yesu abatizwa na bwo, Imana, Yesu, n’umwuka wera baravuzwe. Yesu “abon’ [u]mwuka w’Imana [u]manuka, [u]sa n’inuma, [u]mujyaho” (Matayo 3:16). Ibyo ariko ntibivugako bose uko ari batatu bibumbiye muri umwe. Aburahamu, Isaka, na Yakobo bavugirwa hamwe incuro nyinshi, ariko ibyo ntibibahindura umuntu umwe. Petero, Yakobo na Yohana bavugwa bari hamwe, ariko nanone ntibituma bahinduka umuntu umwe. Byongeye kandi, umwuka w’Imana wamanukiye kuri Yesu igihe abatizwa, ibyo bikaba bigaragazako kugeza icyo gihe Yesu yari atarasigwa n’umwuka. Niba bimeze bityo, yashoboraga ate kuba yari igice cy’Ubutatu nk’aho yari asanzwe ari umwe n’umwuka wera?

Ahandi hantu havugwa abo batatu hamwe, haboneka mu buhinduzi bumwe bwa kera bwa Bibiliya, muri 1 Yohana 5:7. Icyakora Abahanga bemezako ayo magambo atari muri Bibiliya ya mbere y’umwimerere, ahubwo ngo yaje kongerwamo nyuma cyane. Ndetse uwo murongo w’inyongera wavanyweho mu buhinduzi bwo muri iki gihe, kandi ni mu gihe koko.

Indi ‘mirongo ihamya ibyo’ yibanda gusa ku isano iri hagati y’abaperisona babiri—Data na Yesu. Nimucyo dusuzumire hamwe imirongo imwe muri yo.

“Jye na Data Tur’ Umwe”

IRYO somo ryo muri Yohana 10:30 akenshi rikoreshwa mu gushyigikira Ubutatu, n’ubwo nta mu perisona wa gatatu uvugwamo. Ariko Yesu ubwe yerekanye icyo yashakaga kuvuga, mu kuvugako ari “umwe” na Se. Muri Yohana 17:21, 22, yasenze Imana asabira abigishwa be ati “bose bab’ umwe, nk’uk’ uri muri jye, Data, nanjye nkaba muri wowe, ngo na bo bab’ umwe muri twe, . . . ngo bab’ umwe nk’uko natwe tur’ umwe.” Mbese Yesu yarimo asenga asabako abigishwa be bose bahinduka umuntu umwe? Ashwi da! Uko bigaragara Yesu yarimo asenga asabako bose baba bahurije hamwe rwose, bagahuza imitima n’inama, nk’uko bimeze kuri we n’Imana.—Reba nanone 1 Abakorinto 1:10.

Mu 1 Abakorinto 3:6, 8, Paulo aragira ati “Ni jye watey’ imbuto, Apolo na w’arazuhira . . . ūtera n’ūwuhira barahwanye.” Paulo ntabwo yashakaga kuvugako we na Apolo ari abantu babiri mu muntu umwe; yashakaga kuvuga gusa ko bari bahurije hamwe mu mugambi bari bagamije. Ijambo ry’Ikigiriki Paulo yakoresheje aho mu mwanya wa “umwe” ni (hen), iryo jambo kandi nta gitsina ryerekejweho, turifashe uko ryakabaye ijambo ku rindi ryasobanurwa ngo “(ikintu) kimwe,” bikaba byerekeza ku bumwe bw’ishyirahamwe. Ni nk’iryo jambo Yesu yakoresheje muri Yohana 10:30 avuga iby’isano ye na Se. Ni na ryo kandi Yesu yakoresheje muri Yohana 17:21, 22. Bityo rero mu gukoresha ijambo “umwe” (hen) aho ngaho, Yesu yashakaga kuvuga ibyerekeye guhuza imitima n’inama.

Ku byerekeye Yohana 10:30, uwitwa Jean Calvin (washyigikiraga Ubutatu) yavuze, mu gitabo cye cyitwa Commentaire sur le Nouveau Testament, T. II, Evangile selon Jean, ati “Abahanga ba kera bakoresheje nabi iyo nteruro kugira ngo babone uko bemezako Kristo . . . afite kamere imwe na Se. Kubera ko Kristo atajya impaka ku bumwe muri kamere, ahubwo ku bwumvikane afitanye na Se.”

Mu mirongo ikurikira neza Yohana 10:30, Yesu yavuze atsindagirizako amagambo ye atavugagako ari Imana. Yabajije Abayahudi, batanze uwo mwanzuro utari wo bashaka kumutera amabuye, ati “Kuki mundega gutuka Imana kubera ko jye, wejejwe kandi nkoherezwa mu isi na Data, navuze nti “Ndi Umwana w’Imana’?” (Yohana 10:31-36, NE). Ashwi, Yesu ntiyigeze avugako ari Imana Mwana, ahubwo yavuzeko ari Umwana w’Imana.

‘Mbese Yigereranya n’Imana?’

UNDI murongo abantu bamwe bumvako waba ushyigikiye Ubutatu ni Yohana 5:18. Uwo murongo uvugako Abayahudi (kimwe no muri Yohana 10:31-36) bashakaga kwica Yesu Kristo kuko ngo “yita n’Imana kw ari Se bgite, akīgereranya na yo.”

Ariko se ubwo ni nde wavuzeko Yesu yigereranyaga n’Imana? Birumvikanako atari Yesu. Yireguye ku bihereranye n’icyo kirego cy’ikinyoma ku murongo ukurikiraho neza (19), muri aya magambo ngo “Nta cy’Umwana abasha gukor’ ubge, atabonye Se agikora.”

Bityo rero, Yesu yeretse Abayahudi ko atareshya n’Imana kandi ko ku bw’ibyo nta cyo ashobora gukora ubwe. Tekereza nawe, umuntu uvugwaho kuba areshya n’Imana Ishobora Byose uvuga ko ntacyo ashobora “gukor’ ubge”? (Gereranya na Danieli 4:34, 35). Igishimishije ni uko muri Yohana 5:18 na 10:30 hagaragazako Yesu yireguye ku bihereranye n’ibyo birego by’ibinyoma yari yarezwe n’Abayahudi bafataga ibintu uko bitari, kimwe n’abashyigikira Ubutatu!

‘Mbese Angana n’Imana’?

MU BAFILIPI 2:6, havuga ku byerekeye Yesu ngo “Uwo, n’ubgo yabanje kugir’ akamero k’Imana, ntiyatekereje yuko guhwana n’Imana ar’ ikintu cyo kugundirwa.” Bibiliya yahinduwe n’Abagatolika Douay Version (Dy) yo mu wa 1609 hamwe na Bibiliya yitwa King James Version (KJ) yo mu wa 1611 zivuga kimwe n’ibyo. Hari abantu bamwe bacyifashisha ubwo buhinduzi mu gushyigikira igitekerezo cy’uko Yesu yareshyaga n’Imana. Ariko dore uko ubundi buhinduzi buvuga kuri uwo murongo:

Mu wa 1869: “We, wari mu ishusho y’Imana, ntiyabonagako icyo ari ikintu cyo kugundirwa cyangwa se ngo yumveko areshya n’Imana.” Byavuye muri Bibiliya yitwa The New Testament, yahinduwe na G. R. Noyes.

Mu wa 1965: “We—mu by’ukuri wari ufite kamere y’Imana!—ntiyigeze yiyemera ngo yireshyeshye n’Imana.” Byavuye mu gitabo Das Neue Testament, cyakosowe n’uwitwa Friedrich Pfäfflin.

Mu wa 1968: “Uwo, n’ubwo yari mu ishusho y’Imana, ntiyumvagako kureshya n’Imana ari ikintu agomba kurarikira we ubwe.” Byavuye muri La Bibbia Concordata.

Mu wa 1976: “Yahoranye kamere y’Imana, ariko ntiyigeze atekereza kureshya n’Imana ku ngufu.” Byavuye muri Today’s English Version.

Mu wa 1984: “Uwo, n’ubwo yabanje kugira ishusho y’Imana, ntiyashatse kugundira ibitari ibye, ngo yumveko angana n’Imana.” Byavuye muri New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures.

Mu wa 1985: “We, wari mu ishusho y’Imana, ntiyigeze yumvako kungana n’Imana ari ikintu cyo kugundirwa.” Byavuye muri The New Jerusalem Bible.

Icyakora ngo hari abakomeza kwanga kuva ku izima, bumvako ayo masomo na yo atsindagirizako (1) Yesu yari asanzwe areshya n’Imana ariko ntashake kubigundira, cyangwa ngo (2) ntiyari akeneye kugundira iyo ndeshyo kuko yari ayisanganywe.

Ku byerekeye The Epistle of Paul to the Philippians, dore icyo uwitwa Ralph Martin abivugaho; aragira ati “Icyakora umuntu yashidikanya gato ku bihereranye no kumenya niba koko iyo nshinga ishobora guta ubusobanuro bwayo nyakuri bwo ‘kugundira,’ ‘kwambura,’ maze igahinduka ‘kugumana.’” Igitabo cyitwa The Expositor’s Greek Testament na cyo kiragira kiti “Nta murongo n’umwe dushobora kubona uvugako ἁρπάζω [har·paʹzo] cyangwa se irindi jambo rijya gusa na ryo, yaba asobanurwa ngo ‘kugumana [gutunga],’ ‘gukomeza.’ Uko bigaragara ubusonuro bwaryo ntibuhinduka, rirashaka kuvuga ngo ‘kugundira,’ ‘kwambura.’ Urumva rero ko nta ufite uburenganzira bwo gutandukira ngo arebe ijambo risobanurwa ngo ‘kugundira ikitari icyawe’ maze avugeko risobanurwa ngo ‘gukomeza [icyo usanganywe].’”

Duhereye ku byo tumaze kubona, biragaragarako abahinduzi bamwe, twavuga nka Douay na King James, baca ku matageko agenga imyandikire y’Ikigiriki kugira ngo babone uko bashyigikira iby’Ubutatu. Iyo usomye witonze nta ruhande ubogamiyemo, mu Byanditswe bya Kigiriki, usanga mu Bafilipi 2:6, aho kuvuga ko Yesu yatekerezagako bikwiriye kwigereranya n’Imana, ahubwo hagaragazako Yesu atigeze yumvako bikwiriye.

Imirongo ikikije uwo murongo wa 6 (3-5, 7, 8) idufasha gusobanukirwa neza ubusobanuro bwawo. Abafilipi baterwaga iyi nkunga ngo “mwicishe bugufi mu mitima, umuntu wese yibgire ko mugenzi we amuruta.” Hanyuma Paulo aragaragazako Kristo ari we rugero rw’ingenzi muri aya magambo ngo “mugire wa mutima wari muri Kristo Yesu.” Uwo “mutima” ni uwuhe? Mbese ni uwo ‘gutekereza ko guhwana n’Imana ari ikintu cyo kugundirwa’? Ashwi, ibyo byaba bitandukanye rwose n’igitekerezo rusange cy’interuro yose! Yesu we wavugaga ko ‘Imana imuruta,’ ‘nta kuntu yari gushaka kwigereranya n’Imana ku ngufu,’ ahubwo ‘yicishije bugufi, araganduka, ntiyanga no gupfa.’

Birumvikanako ibyo bintu bidashobora kwerekezwa ku gice runaka kigize Imana. Bihereranye na Yesu Kristo, we uhuje neza rwose n’ubusobanuro Paulo yatanze—ubusobanuro buhereranye no kwicisha bugufi, kugandukira Ukomeye kandi Umuremyi, Yehova Imana.

“Ndiho”

MURI Yohana 8:58, abahinduzi bamwe, nk’abahinduye la Bible de Jérusalem, baravuga ngo “Aburahamu atarabaho, ndiho.” None se ubwo Yesu yarimo yigisha, kimwe n’abashyigikira Ubutatu, ngo yitwa “Ndiho”? Nanone kandi, nk’uko babivuga, ibyo se byashakaga kuvugako ari we Yehova wo mu Byanditswe bya Giheburayo, kubera ko mu Kuva 3:14 havuga ngo “Imana isubiza Mose iti: NDI UWO NDI WE”?

Mu Kuva 3:14 (Osty) herekeza iryo jambo “Ndi” ku Mana, bashaka kwerekanako iriho koko kandi ko ishobora gukora ibyo yasezeranyije abantu. Igitabo cyitwa Le Pentateuque et les prophètes, cyanditswe na Dr. J. H. Hertz, kiragira kiti “Kubera ko Abisirayeli bari mu bucakara, ayo magambo bayumvaga gutya ngo ‘N’ubwo yari atarabagaragariza ububasha bwe, Azabikora; Ni Uwiteka kandi azabacungura nta kabuza.’ Benshi muri iki gihe bakurikiza ubusobanuro bw’uwitwa Rashi [umuhanga mu gusesengura inyigisho za Bibiliya] mu guhindura uwo murongo wo mu [Kuva 3:14] ngo ‘Nzaba uwo Nzaba.’”

Amagambo yo muri Yohana 8:58 atandatukanye cyane n’ayo mu Kuva 3:14. Yesu ntiyavuze ayo magambo uwo ashaka kwerekeza ku izina runaka ahubwo yashakaga kuvuga ibyerekeye imibereho ye ya mbere yuko aba umuntu. Noneho rero, reka turebe icyo abandi bahinduzi babivugaho muri Yohana 8:58:

Mu wa 1869: “Kuva igihe Aburahamu yari atarabaho, Jye nariho.” The New Testament, ryahinduwe n’uwitwa G. R. Noyes.

Mu wa 1935: “Nariho mbere yuko Aburahamu avuka!” Byavuye muri The Bible—An American Translation, yahinduwe n’uwitwa J. M. P. Smith afatanyije na E. J. Goodspeed.

Mu wa 1965: “Mbere yuko Aburahamu avuka, nari uwo ndi we.” Byavuye muri Das Neue Testament, yahinduwe n’uwitwa Jörg Zink.

Mu wa 1981: “Nari muzima mbere yuko Aburahamu avuka!” Byavuye muri The Simple English Bible.

Mu wa 1984: “Mbere yuko Aburahamu atangira kubaho, Jye nariho.” Byavuye muri New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures.

Ku bw’ibyo rero, ubusobanuro nyabwo bw’uwo murongo mu Kigiriki ni uko Imana yaremye “[i]mfura” yayo ari we Yesu, kera cyane mbere y’uko Aburahamu avuka.—Abakolosai 1:15; Imigani 8:22, 23, 30; Ibyahishuwe 3:14.

Byongeye kandi, interuro yose muri rusange iragaragaza neza ko ubwo ari bwo busobanuro nyabwo. Abayahudi bashatse gutera Yesu amabuye kubera ko ngo yihandagaje avugako ‘yabonye Aburahamu’ nyamara kandi ngo ataranageza no ku myaka 50 y’amavuko (ku murongo wa 57). Ni ibisanzwe rero kuba Yesu yarababwiye aho ukuri guherereye ku byerekeye imyaka ye. Ubwo yahereyeko ababwira ati “Nari muzima mbere yuko Aburahamu avuka!”—Byavuye muri The Simple English Bible.

“Jambo Yar’ Imana”

MURI Yohana 1:1 haragira hati “Mbere na mbere hariho Jambo; Jambo uwo yahoranye n’Imana, kandi Jambo yar’ Imana.” Abashyigikira ubutatu bemezako ibyo bishaka kuvugako “Jambo” (ho lo’gos, mu Kigiriki) uwo waje ku isi ari Yesu Kristo kandi ngo we ubwe ni Imana Ishobora byose.

Ariko kandi nanone, aha na ho uko biragaragara iyo nteruro yose irimo ayo magambo ni yo ishobora gudufasha kumva neza icyo bishaka kuvuga. Bibiliya King James Version, ubwayo iragira iti “Jambo yari kumwe n’ Imana.” (Ni twe dushatse gutsindagiriza). Umuntu uri “kumwe” n’undi nta shobora kuba uwo wundi. Mu buryo buhuje n’ibyo, ikinyamakuru cyitwa Journal of Biblical Literature, cy’Umuyezuwiti witwa Joseph A. Fitzmyer, kivugako iyo agace gaheruka ku murongo wa Yohana 1:1 kaza kuba gashaka kuvuga ngo “le Dieu (Imana),” ibyo “byari kuba binyuranye rwose n’interuro ibanza,” yo igaragaza neza ko Jambo yari kumwe n’ Imana.

Dore uko abandi bahinduzi babyifashemo ku bihereranye n’ako gace k’uwo murongo:

Mu wa 1808: “kandi jambo yari imana.” Byavuye muri The New Testament in an Improved Version, Upon the Basis of Archbishop Newcome’s New Translation: With a Corrected Text.

Mu wa 1864: “kandi imana yari jambo.” Byavuye muri The Emphatic Diaglott, yahinduwe na Benjamin Wilson.

Mu wa 1928: “kandi Jambo yari ikiremwa gifite kamere y’ubumana.” Byavuye muri La Bible du Centenaire, L’Evangile selon Jean, yahinduwe na Maurice Goguel.

Mu wa 1935: “kandi Jambo yari afite kamere y’ubumana.” Byavuye muri The Bible—An American Translation, yahinduwe na J. M. P. Smith afatanyije na E. J. Goodspeed.

Mu wa 1946: “kandi Jambo yari mu buryo bwa kamere y’ubumana.” Byavuye muri Das Neue Testament, yahinduwe na Ludwig Thimme.

Mu wa 1950: “kandi Jambo yari imana.” Byavuye muri New World Translation of the Christian Greek Scriptures.

Mu wa 1958: “kandi Jambo yari Imana.” Byavuye muri The New Testament, yahinduwe na James L. Tomanek.

Mu wa 1975: “kandi imana (cyangwa, ufite kamere y’ubumana) yari Jambo.” Byavuye muri Das Evangelium nach Johannes, yahinduwe na Siegfried Schulz.

Mu wa 1978: “kandi uwo warumeze nk’ufite kamere y’ubumana yari Jambo.” Byavuye muri Das Evangelium nach Johannes, yahinduwe na Johannes Schneider.

Muri Yohana 1:1, izina rusange ry’Ikigiriki the·osʹ rigaragara incuro ebyiri. Ku ncuro ya mbere, rirashaka kuvuga Imana Ishobora Byose iyo Jambo yari kumwe na yo (“kandi Jambo [loʹgos] yari kumwe n’Imana [the·osʹ]”). Iryo jambo the·osʹ rya mbere ribanjirijwe n’akajambo gasobanura ton (‘the’ mu Cyongereza) k’Ikigiriki kerekeza ku muntu wihariye, ubwo hano ni Imana Ishobora byose ivugwa (‘kandi Jambo yari [kumwe] n’Imana’).

Ku rundi ruhande, nta kajambo kabanziriza the·osʹ ya kabiri muri Yohana 1:1. Bityo rero, bifashwe uko byakabaye ijambo ku rindi, byavugwa gutya ngo ‘kandi imana yari Jambo.’ Nyamara twabonye ko ubuhinduzi bwinshi bugaragaza ko iryo jambo the·osʹ rya kabiri [ruhamwa y’izina rusange] ari “ikiremwa gifite kamere y’ubumana,” cyangwa “imana.” Ni iki kibatera kubivuga gutyo?

Ikigiririki cyavugwaga na rubanda rwa giseseka (Le grec koïnê), kikagira akajambo gasobanura (‘the’ mu Cyongereza), ariko nticyagiraga akajambo kadasobanura (‘a’ cyangwa ‘an’ mu Cyongereza). Bityo rero, iyo ruhamwa itabanjirijwe n’akajambo nk’ako, ishobora gukurikiza uko iyo nteruro imeze.

Ikinyamakuru Journal of Biblical Literature kivugako izo mvugo “zirimo inshinga zibanjirijwe na ruhamwa zitagira akajambo gasobanura, ziba zishaka kuvuga cyane cyane ibihereranye n’umuco.” Nk’uko icyo kinyamakuru kibigaragaza, ibyo birerekanako loʹgos ishobora kugereranywa n’imana. Nanone icyo kinyamakuru gikomeza kuvuga ku bihereranye na Yohana 1:1, ngo “imbaraga ziranga iyo ruhamwa zirakomeye cyane ku buryo umuntu atavugako izina [the·osʹ] risobanutse neza.”

Bityo, muri Yohana 1:1 haratsindagiriza umuco wa Jambo, we wari “ufite kamere y’ubumana,” “umeze nk’imana,” “imana,” ariko atari Imana Ishobora Byose. Ibyo bihuje neza n’ibindi bice bya Bibiliya, bigaragazako Yesu, ari we “Jambo,” yari afite inshingano yo kuba umuvugizi w’Imana, ko aganduka kandi akumvira, akaba yaroherejwe ku isi n’Umutware we, ni ukuvuga Imana Ishobora Byose.

Hari indi mirongo myinshi ya Bibiliya igaragazako hafi y’abahinduzi bose b’izindi ndimi bagiye bahuza rwose mu kongeraho akajambo kadasobanura (‘a’ cyangwa ‘an’ mu Cyongereza) mu guhindura interuro za Kigiriki bimeze kimwe. Urugero, nko muri Mariko 6:49, abigishwa babonye Yesu agendesha amaguru hejuru y’inyanja, “batekereza kw ar’ umuzimu.” Iyo urebye ubundi buhinduzi bwa Bibiliya, nka Bible de Jérusalem mu Gifaransa, usanga imbere y’ijambo “umuzimu [umwuka]” hari akajambo kadasobanura (‘un’ cyangwa ‘une,’ mu Gifaransa). Ariko mu Kigiriki twavuze, cyavugwaga na rubanda rwa giseseka nta ka kajambo kadasobanura kari imbere y’iryo jambo “umuzimu [umwuka].” Icyakora ubuhinduzi hafi ya bwose, mu zindi ndimi, bukongeraho kugira ngo interuro irusheho kumvikana neza. Nanone rero, ubwo muri Yohana 1:1 hagaragazako Jambo yari kumwe n’Imana, nta kuntu Jambo uwo yaba yari n’ Imana, ahubwo wenda byavugwako yari “imana,” cyangwa “afite kamere y’ubumana.”

Joseph Henry Thayer, umunyatewolojiya wafashije mu mirimo yo guhindura American Standard Version, yavuze yeruye ati “Logos yari afite kamere y’Imana, ntabwo yari Imana ubwayo.” Nanone dore uko Umuyezuwiti witwa John L. McKenzie avuga mu gitabo cye cyitwa Dictionary of the Bible, aragira ati “Muri Yoh 1:1 hagombaga rwose guhindurwa ngo. . . . ‘jambo yari ikiremwa gifite kamere y’ubumana.’”

Mbese Amategeko Ahereranye n’Ikibonezamvugo Yarishwe?

HARI abavugako ubwo buhinduzi butubahirije amategeko y’ikibonezamvugo y’Ikigiriki cyavugwaga na rubanda rwa giseseka cyashyizweho na E. C. Colwell mu wa 1933. Yavuzeko mu Kigiriki, ruhamwa “ijyana na ka kajambo gasobanura iyo ikurikiye inshinga; ariko ntijyana na ko iyo iyibanjirije.” Ubwo yashakaga kumvikanishako iyo ruhamwa ibanjirije inshinga, yagombye gufatwa nk’aho ijyanye n’ako kajambo gasobanura. Muri Yohana 1:1 izina (the·os’) rya kabiri ni ruhamwa kandi ribanjirije inshinga haragira hati—“kandi [the·os’] yari Jambo.” Bityo rero, Colwell we akumvako muri Yohana 1:1 hagombye guhindurwa gutya ngo “kandi Imana yari Jambo.”

Ariko noneho oroshya turebere hamwe izi ngero zombi zo muri Yohana 8:44. Ku bihereranye na Satani Yesu yagize ati “Uwo yahereye kera kos’ ar’ umwicanyi” n’“umunyabinyoma.” Kimwe no muri Yohana 1:1, ruhamwa (“umwicanyi” n’“umunyabinyoma”) zibanziriza inshinga mu Kigiriki. Nta bundi buryo bw’ako kajambo kadasobanura bwakoreshejwe imbere y’iryo jambo kubera ko bene ubwo buryo butabaho mu Kigiriki cyavugwaga na rubanda rwa giseseka. Icyakora abahinduzi benshi bongeraho akajambo kadasobanura “a” cyangwa “an” mu Cyongereza, kugira ngo bahuze n’ikibonezamvugo no kugira ngo interuro irusheho kumvikana neza.—Reba nanone Mariko 11:32; Yohana 4:19; 6:70; 9:17; 10:1; 12:6.

Colwell agomba kuba yarageze aho akaza gusobanukirwa neza imiterere ya ruhamwa, kubera ko yagize ati “hano hashobora gukoreshwa akajambo kadasobanura [“a” cyangwa “an,” mu Cyongereza] iyo bibaye ngombwa kugira ngo interuro irusheho kumvikana.” Ni ukuvuga rero ko na we ubwe yemerako iyo bibaye ngombwa umuhinduzi ashobora gushyira ako kajambo kadasobanura imbere y’izina kugira ngo bigaragareko ari ruhamwa.

Mbese ni ko bimeze no muri Yohana 1:1? Rwose! Kubera ko Bibiliya yose ihamyako Yesu atari Imana Ishobora Byose. Kubw’ibyo rero, tudatinze kuri ayo mategeko ya Colwell ahereranye n’ikibonezamvugo kandi anashobora no gushidikanywaho, turabonako icyo abahinduzi bagomba kwitaho cyane ari ukugira ngo interuro yose irusheho kumvikana neza. Kandi byakunze kugaragarako abahinduzi benshi bongera muri Yohana 1:1 bwa buryo bundi bw’akajambo kadasobanura (“a” cyangwa “an” mu Cyongereza) batitaye kuri ayo mategeko y’amahimbano ya Colwell ahubwo bagakurikiza uko Ijambo ry’Imana rimeze.

Nta Kuvuguruzanya

KUBA Yesu Kristo avugwaho kuba ari “imana” mbese bivuguruza inyigisho ya Bibiliya ivugako hariho Imana imwe gusa Ishobora Byose? Oya, kubera ko incuro nyinshi Bibiliya ikoresha iryo jambo iryerekeza ku biremwa bikomeye. Muri Zaburi 8:5 haragira hati “Wenze kumugira [umuntu] nk’Imana [’elo·him’, mu Giheburayo], aburaho hohato,” ni ukuvuga abamarayika. Igihe Yesu yisobanuraga ku bihereranye n’ibyo Abayahudi bamuregaga bavugako ngo yigereranya n’Imana, yarababwiye ati “[amategeko] yabīs’imana, ab’ijambo ry’Imana ryajeho,” ni ukuvuga abacamanza ba kimuntu (Yohana 10:34, 35; Zaburi 82:1-6). Ndetse na Satani ubwe yitwa “imana y’iki gihe [y’iyi gahunda y’ibintu,” MN], mu 2 Abakorinto 4:4.

Yesu aruta kure cyane abamarayika, abantu badatunganye, ndetse na Satani. Niba abo bitwa “imana” zikomeye, nta gushidikanya birakwiriye kuvugako Yesu ari “imana.” Kubera umwanya w’igikundiro Yesu afite imbere ya Yehova, birumvikanako Yesu ashobora kwitwa “Imana ikomeye”—Yohana 1:1; Yesaya 9:6.

Ariko se kuba iryo zina “Imana ikomeye” ritangijwe n’inyuguti nkuru birashaka kuvuga ko Yesu ashobora kuba angana na Yehova Imana? Ashwi da! Yesaya yahanuye neza ko iryo ryagombaga kuba rimwe mu mazina ane yari kuzitwa kandi ubusanzwe amazina atangizwa n’inyuguti nkuru. Nanone kandi, n’ubwo Yesu yitwa “ikomeye,” uwitwa “Isumba Byose” ni umwe gusa. Kuvugako Yehova ari “Ishobora Byose” ntibyagira uburemere cyane habaye hatari abandi na bo bitwa imana ariko bari hasi ye.

Ikinyamakuru Bulletin de la bibliothèque John Rylands cyo mu Bwongereza kigaragazako hari umunyatewolojiya w’Umugatolika witwa Karl Rahner wavuzeko ijambo the·osʹ ryakoreshejwe mu Byanditswe nko muri Yohana 1:1 ryerekezwa kuri Kristo, ariko ngo “nta handi na hamwe, mu isezerano rishya, iryo jambo the·osʹ rikoreshwa mu buryo bwo kugereranya Yesu n’uwitwa ‘ho Theos’ ni ukuvuga Imana Ikomeye.” Icyo kinyamakuru kirakomeza kigira kiti “Niba abanditse Isezerano rishya barabonaga koko ko ari ngombwa ko kwizera gushingira ku guhamya ko Yesu ari ‘Imana,’ ni kuki Isezerano Rishya nta cyo ribivugaho rwose?”

Ariko se twakumva dute aya magambo ya Tomasi yo muri Yohana 20:28, yabwiye Yesu ngo “Mwami wanjye! kandi Mana yanjye!”? Tomasi we yabonaga Yesu nk’aho ari “imana,” cyane cyane ku byerekeye ubwo buryo bw’igitangaza bwamuteye kwiyamira muri ayo magambo. Abahanga bamwe bavugako Tomasi yiyamiriye atyo gusa kubera ibyiyumvo yaratewe no gutangara mu gihe yavuganaga na Yesu, ariko mu by’ukuri Imana ni yo yabwiraga. Byongeye kandi ta kuntu Tomasi yashoboraga kumvako Yesu ari Imana Ishobora Byose kubera ko we n’abandi bigishwa ba Yesu bari bazi neza ko Yesu atigeze yihandagaza avugako ari Imana ahubwo yigishagako Yehova wenyine ari we “Mana y’ukuri yonyine.”—Yohana 17:3.

Ikindi kandi, iyo nteruro yose iradufasha kubisobanukirwa neza. Mu minsi mike mbere y’uko Yesu azuka, Yesu yari yabwiye Mariya Magadalena ati “n[da]zamutse ngiye kwa Data, ari we So, kandi ku Mana yanjye, ari yo Mana yanyu” (Yohana 20:17). Ndetse n’ubwo Yesu yari amaze kuzuka ari umwuka ukomeye, ariko Yehova yakomeje kuba Imana ye. Ubundi rero, na nyuma y’uko Yesu ahabwa ikuzo, nk’uko bigaragara mu gitabo giheruka muri Bibiliya, yakomeje kwita Yehova Imana ye.—Ibyahishuwe 1:5, 6, 3:2, 12.

Mu mirongo itatu gusa ikurikira ukwiyamira kwa Tomasi, ni ukuvuga muri Yohana 20:31 harasobanura iby’icyo kibazo muri aya magambo ngo “ibi byandikiwe kugira ngo mwizere yuko Yesu ari Kristo Umwana w’Imana,” nta bwo ari Imana Ishobora Byose. Kandi uwo murongo urerekanako ijambo “umwana” riterekezwa ku gice runaka cy’amayobera kigize Ubutatu, ahubwo ko rigomba gufatwa uko ryakabaye ijambo ku rindi mu buryo busanzwe nk’uko umuntu yaba afite umwana.

Byagombye Guhuza na Bibiliya

ABASHYIGIKIRA Ubutatu bihandagaza bavugako hari amasomo avuga iby’Ubutatu. Nyamara ariko iyo urebye neza usanga bimeze nka kumwe twamaze kubibona haruguru aha, ntaho biba bihuriye n’Ubutatu rwose. Iyo umuntu asuzumye ayo masomo avugwaho kuba ashyigikira Ubutatu, hari ibibazo ayibazaho: mbese ubusobanuro butangwa kuri ayo masomo buhuje n’inyigisho rusange ya Bibiliya yose ivugako Yehova Imana ariwe Mukuru wenyine? Niba atari uko biri rero, ni ukuvugako ubwo busobanuro atari ubw’ukuri.

Tugomba nanone kuzirikanako nta murongo wa Bibiliya n’umwe uvugako Imana, Yesu, n’umwuka wera baba bibumbiye mu Mana imwe y’iyobera. Nta na hamwe muri Bibiliya hagaragazako bose uko ari batatu bafite kamere imwe, banganya ububasha, kandi ko bose ari ab’iteka. Nta na hamwe Bibiliya yivuguruza mu kugaragaza ko Imana Ishobora Byose, Yehova ari yo yonyine Isumba byose, ko Yesu ari umwana wayo yiremeye, na ho umwuka wera ko ari imbaraga rukozi z’Imana.

[Amagambo yatsindagirijwe yo ku ipaji ya 24]

“Abahanga ba kera bakoresheje nabi iyo nteruro kugira ngo babone uko bemezako Kristo . . . afite kamere imwe na Se.”—Commentaire sur le Nouveau Testament, T. II, Evangile selon Jean, de Jean Calvin

[Amagambo yatsindagirijwe yo ku ipaji ya 27]

Umuntu uri “hamwe” n’undi muntu ntashobora no kuba uwo muntu

[Amagambo yatsindagirijwe yo ku ipaji ya 28]

“Logos yari afite kamere y’Imana, ntabwo yari Imana ubwayo.”—Joseph Henry Thayer, umuhanga mu bya Bibiliya

[Amafoto yo ku ipaji ya 24 n’iya 25]

Yesu yasenze Imana asaba ko abigishwa be “bose bab’ umwe” nk’ uko we na Se ‘ari Umwe’

[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 26]

Yesu yeretse Abayahudi ko atareshyaga n’Imana, avuga ko atashoboraga ‘kugira icyakora ku bwe keretse gusa icyo yabonye Se akora’

[Amafoto yo ku ipaji ya 29]

Kuko Bibiliya yita abantu, abamarayika, ndetse na Satani, “imana,” cyangwa abakomeye, Yesu ufite umwanya wo hejuru ku wabo mu ijuru ashobora kwitwa mu buryo bukwiye “imana”