Bhuku reBhaibheri Nhamba 17—Estere

Munyori: Mordhekai

Nzvimbo Yakanyorerwa: Shushani, Erami

Kunyora Kwakapedzwa: Munenge muna 475 B.C.E.

Nguva Yakafukidzwa: 493-munenge muna 475 B.C.E.

 1. Inhaui inowadzanyurika mubhuku raEstere?

KUKATAURWA zvakapfava, heino nhau yaAhashvheroshi, mambo wePersia, anofungwa navamwe kuva Xerxes I, ane mudzimai Vhashti asingateereri anotsiviwa naEstere muJudhakadzi, mwanasikana wababamunini vaMordhekai. Hamani muAgagi anoruka mazano okuuraya Mordhekai navaJudha vose, asi iye anoturikwa padanda rake amene, nepo Mordhekai achisimudzirwa kuva gurukota guru uye vaJudha vanonunurwa.

 2. (a) Neiko vamwe vakapanikira kufuridzirwa kwebhuku raEstere? (b) Zita raMwari rinooneka kuva rinoshandiswa mubhuku raEstere muchimiroi?

² Chokwadika, kuna avo vanoda kutaura kuti bhuku raEstere harina kufuridzirwa uyewo haribetseri asi rinongova haro ngano yakaisvonaka. Vanovakira kutaura kwavo pakusavapo kwezita raMwari. Nepo kuri kwechokwadi kuti Mwari haadudzwi nenzira yakananga, murugwaro rwechiHebheru munoratidzika kuva mune zviitiko zvina zvakaparadzana zvamabhii eTetragrammaton, mabhii okutanga amashoko mana anotevedzana, anoperetera kuti YHWH (chiHebheru, יהוה), kana kuti Jehovha. Aya mabhii okutanga anotanhamariswa zvikuru muanenge manyoro matatu ekare echiHebheru uye anoratidzirwawo muMasora namabhii matsvuku. Uyewo, pana Estere 7:5 sezviri pachena pane mabhii pakutaura kwoumwari kwokuti “Ini ndichabvumikisa kuva.”—Ona mashoko omunyasi pana Estere 1:20; 5:4, 13; 7:7, uyewo Es 7:5, NW.

 3. Zviitikoi zvinoratidza kutenda uye munyengetero kuna Mwari, uye zviitikoi zvinokarakadza kuita kwaMwari zvinhu?

³ Muchinyorwa chacho chose kuri pachena zvakasimba kuti Mordhekai akaita zvose zviri zviviri kugamuchira uye kuteerera mutemo waJehovha. Akaramba kukotama kuti akudze munhu uyo zvimwe akanga ari muAmareki; Mwari akanga aisa chiratidzo vaAmareki nokuda kwokuparadzwa. (Est. 3:1, 5; Dheut. 25:19; 1 Sam. 15:3) Kutaura kwaMordhekai pana Estere 4:14 kunoratidzira kuti iye aikarira rununuro kubva kuna Jehovha uye kuti akanga achitenda nhungamiro youmwari yomutoo wose wezviitiko. Kuzvinyima zvokudya kwaEstere, pamwe chete nechiito chakafanana chakaitwa navamwe vaJudha, kwamazuva matatu iye asati apinda muna mambo kunoratidza kuvimba naMwari. (Est. 4:16) Kuparira kwaMwari zviitiko kunokarakadzwawo mukuwana nyasha kwaEstere mumeso aHegai, muchengeti wavakadzi, uye mukusarara kwamambo pausiku uhwo iye akada zvinyorwa zvehurumende ndokuwana kuti Mordhekai akanga asina kukudzwa nokuda kwechiito chake chakanaka chomunguva yakapfuura. (Est. 2:8, 9; 6:1-3; enzanisa naZvirevo 21:1.) Mukusapanikira pane nongedzero kumunyengetero mumashoko anoti, “nhau dzokuzvinyima zvokudya nokuchemera kwavo yamuro.”—Est. 9:31, NW.

 4. Bhuku raEstere rinosimbiswa sei serakarurama nerechokwadi?

⁴ Maidi mazhinji anosimbisa chinyorwa chacho sechakarurama nechechokwadi. Chakagamuchirwa navanhu vechiJudha, avo vakangoidza zvavo bhuku racho kuti Meghil·lahʹ, kureva kuti “mukunguru wamanyoro; mupumburu wamanyoro.” Rinoratidzika kuve rakabatanidzwa mundaza yamanyoro matsvene echiHebheru naEzra, uyo angadai zvirokwazvo akaramba ngano. Kusvikira kuzuva rino, vaJudha vanochengeta mutambo wePurimi, kana kuti Mijenya, mukuchengetwa kwokununurwa kukuru munguva yaEstere. Bhuku racho rinoratidzira mitoo netsika zvePersia nenzira yakajeka chaizvoizvo uye mutsinhirano namaidi anozivikanwa enhau nezviwanwa zvounyanzvi hwokuchera matongo. Somuenzaniso, bhuku raEstere rinorondedzera nenzira yakarurama nzira iyo vaPersia vaikudza nayo munhu. (6:8) Kuchera kwounyanzvi hwokuchera matongo kwakazivisa kuti rondedzerwo dzeimba yamambo sedzinopiwa mubhuku raEstere dzakarurama kusvikira kuudzame hudukusa.a—5:1, 2.

 5. Ururamii hunopa nhoroondo yaEstere uchokwadi, uye mutauro wacho unotsinhirana nenhamboi?

⁵ Uhu ururami hunofanirawo kucherekedzwa munhoroondo yacho imene, mukududza kwayo kwokungwarira vabatiri vamambo navarindiri, kupa kunyange mazita avanakomana vane gumi vaHamani. Mutsara wedzinza waMordhekai naEstere unorondwa kudzokera shure kusvikira kuna Kishi worudzi rwaBhenjamini. (2:5-7) Nongedzero dzinoitwa kuzvinyorwa zvoumambo zvehurumende yePersia. (2:23; 6:1; 10:2) Mutauro webhuku racho chiHebheru chazvino, mashoko mazhinji nokutaura zvechiPersia nechiAramaiki zvakawedzerwa, uri mutoo unowirirana nouyo waMakoronike, Ezra, uye Nehemia, nokudaro uchitsinhirana chose chose nenhambo umo iro rakanyorwa.

 6. (a) Inhamboi yenguva inoratidzirwa nokuda kwebhuku raEstere? (b) Ufakazi hunokarakadzei pamusoro pomunyori, pamwe chete nenzvimbo uye nguva yokunyora?

⁶ Kunofungwa kuti zviitiko zvebhuku raEstere zvinorongwa mumazuva apo umambo hwaiva nesimba hwePersia hwakanga huri pasimba rahwo guru uye kuti zvinofukidza anenge makore 18 okutonga kwaAhashvheroshi (Xerxes I). Nhambo yenguva, inotambanuka kusvikira kunenge kuna 475 B.C.E., inoratidzirwa nechipupuriro chinobva mumanyuko echiGiriki, echiPersia, uye echiBhabhironi.b Mordhekai, chapupu chakaona uye munhu mukuru munhoroondo yacho, sezvingabvira zvikurusa akanga ari munyori webhuku racho; nhoroondo yakakwana uye ine udzame inoratidza kuti munyori wacho anofanira kuve akararama muizvi zviitiko muShushani imba yamambo.c Kunyange zvazvo asingadudzwi mune rimwe bhuku ripi neripi reBhaibheri, hapana panikiro yokuti Mordhekai akanga ari munhu chaiyeiye wenhau. Nenzira inofadza, rugwaro rwecuneiform rwusina musi rwakawanwa rwunorondedzerwa naA. Ungnad weGermany sorwunonongedzera kuna Mardukâ (Mordhekai?) somubatiri mukuru padare reSusa (Shushani) mukati mokutonga kwaXerxes I.d Pakanga pari ipapo paShushani apo Mordhekai pasina kupanikira akapedzera chinyorwa chezviitiko zvebhuku raEstere nokukurumidza pashure pokunge zvaitika, ndiko kuti, munenge muna 475 B.C.E.

ZVIRI MUBHUKU RAESTERE

 7. Injodzii inotanga pamadyo aAhashvheroshi, uye mambo anoita chiitoi somugumisiro?

⁷ Mambokadzi Vhashti anoderedzwa panzvimbo (1:1-22). Igore rechitatu rokutonga kwaAhashvheroshi. Anoitira madyo makuru vakuru vakuru voumambo hwake, achivaratidza pfuma nembiri zvoumambo hwake kwamazuva 180. Tevere, kune mutambo mukuru wamazuva manomwe wavanhu vose vari muShushani. Panguva imwe cheteyo, Vhashti mambokadzi anoitira madyo vakadzi. Mambo anoganza nezvepfuma yake nembiri uye, achifara newaini, anodana Vhashti kuti auye ndokuratidza runako rwake kuvanhu namachinda. Mambokadzi Vhashti anoramba achiramba. Pazano ravabatiri vamambo, avo vanoonesa kuti uyu muenzaniso wakashata unogona kuparira mambo kunyara muumambo hwose, Ahashvheroshi anobvisa Vhashti samambokadzi ndokubudisa magwaro anorayira vadzimai vose kuti va“kudze vene vavo” uye murume ari wose kuti “ave anopfuurira kubatira somuchinda muimba make amene.”—1:20, 22, NW.

 8. (a) Zviitikoi zvinotungamirira kukuva mambokadzi kwaEstere? (b) Mordhekai anowana banganoi, uye chinyorwai charo chinoitwa?

⁸ Estere anova mambokadzi (2:1-23). Gare gare, mambo anogadza nhume kundotsvaka mhandara dzakaisvonaka zvikurusa mumaruwa ose ane 127 oumambo uye kudziunza kuShushani, uko dzinofanira kugadzirirwa kupfurikidza nokuita kuti vanake nokuda kwokuratidzirwa kuna mambo. Ari pakati pemhandara dzinosarudzwa ndiEstere. Estere inherera yechiJudha, ya“kanaka paumiro hwake napachiso chake,” uyo ave achirerwa nehanzvadzi yake Mordhekai nokuna babamukuru, mukuru mukuru muShushani. (2:7) Zita raEstere rechiJudha, Hadhasa, rinoreva kuti “Myrtle” (rudzi rwomuti unoramba wakasvibira). Hegai, muchengeti wavakadzi, anofadzwa naEstere uye anomutarisira chaizvo. Hapana munhu anoziva kuti iye muJudhakadzi, nokuti Mordhekai akamurayiridza kuti achengete ikoku kuri chakavanzika. Mhandara dzinopinzwa kuna mambo nejana. Anosarudza Estere samambokadzi wake mutsva, uye madyo anoitwa kuchengeta kupfekedzwa kwake korona. Nokukurumidza pashure pawo, Mordhekai anonzwa nezvebangano rokuponda mambo, uye iye anoita kuti Estere arizivise kwaari “nezita raMordhekai.” (2:22) Bangano rinofukurwa, vapangani vanoturikwa, uye chinyorwa chinoitwa muzvinyorwa zvenhau zvoumambo.

 9. Mordhekai anotsamwisa sei Hamani, uye chirevoi choumambo icho wapashure anowana mukurwisana navaJudha?

⁹ Bangano raHamani (3:1–5:14). Anenge makore mana anopfuura. Hamani, sezviri pachena muzukuru wamambo wavaAmareki Agagi uyo Samueri akauraya, anova gurukota guru. (1 Sam. 15:33) Mambo anomukudza uye anorayira vabatiri vake vose vari pasuo ramambo kukotama pamberi paHamani. Ivava vanobatanidza Mordhekai. Zvisinei, Mordhekai anoramba kuita kudaro, achiita kuti kuzivikanwe kuvabatiri vamambo kuti iye muJudha. (Enzanisa naEksodho 17:14, 16.) Hamani anova nehasha uye, achiwana kuti Mordhekai muJudha, anoona muna ikoku mukana wakaisvonaka wokuparadza nawo Mordhekai navaJudha vose nokusingaperi. Mijenya (puri) inokandwa kuti awane zuva rakanaka rokuparadza vaJudha. Achishandisa chizivano chake namambo, Hamani anopomera vaJudha kusateerera mutemo uye anokumbira kuti kuparadzwa kwavo kurayirwe kwakanyorwa. Hamani anopa mupiro wamatarenda esirivha 10 000 (akaenzana naanenge $561 510 000) kukuwanira mari yokuuraya. Mambo anobvuma, uye mirayiro yakanyorwa, yakasimbiswa neringi yamambo, inotumirwa muumambo hwose, ichigadza Adhari 13 sezuva rokuurawa kworudzi rwavaJudha.

10. Mordhekai naEstere vanopfuurira sei nokutenda simba raJehovha?

¹⁰ Pakunzwa mutemo, Mordhekai navaJudha vose vanondochema vakapfeka magumbu uye vakazora marota. Pane “kuzvinyima zvokudya, nokuchema misodzi, nokuwungudza.” (Est. 4:3) Pakuziviswa naMordhekai nezvemamiriro ezvinhu akaipa avaJudha, Estere pakutanga anozengurira kupindira. Rufu ndicho chirango chokuoneka usina kukokwa pamberi pamambo. Zvisinei, Mordhekai anoratidzira kutenda simba raJehovha kupfurikidza nokuzivisa kuti kana Estere akakundikana kuvabetsera, iye achafa zvisinei hazvo uye kununurwa kucha“dzivirira vaJudha kuchibva kune imwe nzvimbo.” Uyezve, hakungavi here kuti Estere akava mambokadzi “nokuda kwenguva yakaita seino”? (4:14, NW) Achiona nhau yacho, anobvuma kupinza upenyu hwake mungozi, uye vaJudha vose vari muShushani vanozvinyima zvokudya pamwe chete naye kwamazuva matatu.

11. Estere anoshandisa sei tendero yake namambo, asika Hamani anoita banganoi mukurwisana naMordhekai?

¹¹ Ipapo, akapfeka nguo dzake dzakanakisisa dzoumambo, Estere anooneka pamberi pamambo. Anowana tendero mumeso ake, uye anotambanudzira kwaari tsvimbo yake yendarama, achiponesa upenyu hwake. Zvino iye anokokera mambo naHamani kumadyo. Mukati mamadyo, mambo anomukurudzira kuzivisa mukumbiro wake, achivimbisa kuti uchabvumirwa, “kusvikira kuhafu youmambo,” apo iye anokokera vaviri vacho kumamwezve madyo zuva rakatevera. (5:6, NW) Hamani anobuda achifara. Asi ipapo pasuo ramambo pana Mordhekai! Iye anorambazve kukudza Hamani kana kuti kudedera pamberi pake. Mufaro waHamani unoshanduka kuva kutsamwa. Mudzimai wake neshamwari vanokarakadza kuti agadzire danda rakareba makubhiti 50 (mamita 22,3) uye kuwana murayiro unobva kuna mambo wokuturika Mordhekai pariri. Hamani anoita kuti danda rigadzirwe pakarepo.

12. Kuchinjai muzviitiko kunoguma nokukudza Mordhekai kwaAhashvheroshi, kukudukupiswa kwaHamani?

¹² Mamiriro ezvinhu anochinjwa (6:1–7:10). Usiku ihwohwo mambo haagoni kurara. Anoita kuti bhuku rezvinyorwa riunzwe ndokuravirwa, uye anowana kuti haasati atusa Mordhekai nokuda kwokuponesa upenyu hwake. Gare gare, mambo anobvunza kuti ndiani ari muruvazhe. NdiHamani, uyo auya kuzokumbira mvumo yamambo yokuuraya Mordhekai. Mambo anobvunza Hamani kuti munhu anofadza mambo anofanira kukudzwa sei. Achifunga kuti mambo ari kurangarira iye, Hamani anoronga gadziriro yamaoresa yorukudzo. Asi mambo anomurayira, kuti: “Undoitira Mordhekai muJudha saizvozvo”! (6:10) Hamani haana chisarudzo kunze kwokupfekedza Mordhekai mbiri yamambo, kumuisa pabhiza ramambo, uye kumutungamirira achipota nzvimbo yavose yomuguta, achidanidzira ari pamberi pake. Adukupiswa, Hamani anochimbidza kuenda kumba achichema. Mudzimai wake neshamwari havana nyaradzo yokupa. Hamani ashurikidzwa!

13. Estere anozivisei pamadyo, kuchitungamirira kushurikidzoi nokuda kwaHamani?

¹³ Zvino yava nguva yokuti Hamani apinde madyo namambo naEstere. Mambokadzi anozivisa kuti iye navanhu vake vatengeswa, kuti vaparadzwe. Ndianiko akatsunga kuita uhu uipi? Estere anoti: “Mudzivisi nomuvengi, ndiye Hamani uyu wakaipa!” (7:6) Mambo anosimuka akatsamwa ndokubuda achipinda mubindu. Ari oga namambokadzi, Hamani anoteterera nokuda kwoupenyu hwake, uye mambo, achidzoka, anotsamwiswazve nokuona Hamani ari pachigaro chamambokadzi. Pakarepo anorayira kuti Hamani aturikwe padanda rimene Hamani akanga agadzirira Mordhekai!—Pis. 7:16.

14. Mambo anotusa sei Estere naMordhekai, uye anonzwira nyasha vaJudha nechirevoi chakanyorwa?

¹⁴ Mordhekai anosimudzirwa, vaJudha vanonunurwa (8:1–10:3). Mambo anopa Estere pfuma yose yaHamani. Estere anozivisa Ahashvheroshi ukama hwake naMordhekai, uyo mambo anosimudzira kunzvimbo yaichimbova yaHamani, achimupa ringi yechidhindo youmambo. Zvakare, Estere anopinza upenyu hwake mungozi mukuenda pamberi pamambo kundokumbira kubviswa kwechirevo chakanyorwa chokuparadza vaJudha. Zvisinei, “mitemo yePersia neMedhia” haigoni kuchinjwa! (1:19, NW) Mambo naizvozvo anopa Estere naMordhekai chiremera chokunyora murayiro mutsva ndokuusimbisa neringi yamambo. Uyu mutemo wakanyorwa, unotumirwa muumambo hwose munzira yakafanana neyekare, unopa vaJudha maruramiro o‘kuzviunganidza vamene ndokudzivirira mweya yavo, kuparadzanya nokuuraya uye kuparadza uto rose ravanhu noruwa rwunotongwa zvinoratidza ruvengo kwavari, vana navakadzi, uye kupamba pfuma yavo,’ pazuva rimwe chetero iro mutemo waHamani unotanga kushanda.—8:11.

15. (a) Chii chiri mugumisiro wokurwa, uye Mordhekai anotanga mutamboi? (b) Mordhekai anokwidziridzwa kunzvimboi, uye iye anoshandisa ichi chiremera nechinangwai?

¹⁵ Apo zuva rakagadzwa, rechi13 raAdhari, rinosvika, hapana munhu anogona kumira pamberi pavaJudha. Pakukumbira kwaEstere mambo, kurwa kunopfuuridzirwa pazuva rechi14 muShushani. Pamwe chete, vavengi vavaJudha vane 75 000 vanourawa muumambo hwose. Vane 810 vokuwedzera vanourayirwa muShushani iri nhare. Pakati paivava pane vanakomana gumi vaHamani, avo vanourawa zuva rokutanga ndokuturikwa pamatanda zuva rechipiri. Hapana zvakapambwa zvinotorwa. Pane rechi15 raAdhari, panova nezororo, uye vaJudha vanodya madyo nokufara. Mordhekai zvino anopa mirayiridzo yakanyorwa yokuti vaJudha vachengete uyu mutambo we“Puri, ndiko kuti, Mijenya,” gore riri rose pane rechi14 nerechi15 raAdhari, uye vanoita ikoku kusvikira kuzuva razvino. (9:24, NW) Mordhekai anokudzwa muumambo uye anoshandisa nzvimbo yake seyechipiri kuna Mambo Ahashvheroshi “nokuda kwezvakanaka zvavanhu vake uye kutaura rugare kuvana vavo vose.”—10:3, NW.

CHIKONZERO NEI RICHIBETSERA

16. VaKristu vanowana nheyoi dzoumwari nomuenzaniso wakafanira mubhuku raEstere?

¹⁶ Nepo pasina mumwe munyori weBhaibheri anonokora mashoko api naapi zvakananga mubhuku raEstere, bhuku racho rinotsinhirana chose chose norutivi rwose rwasara rwaMagwaro akafuridzirwa. Kutaura idi, rinogovera mienzaniso yakaisvonaka yenheyo dzeBhaibheri dzinotaurwa gare gare muMagwaro echiGiriki echiKristu uye dzinoshanda kuvanamati vaJehovha mumazera ose. Kufundwa kwezvikamu zvamashoko zvinotevera hakusati kuchizoratidza bedzi ikoku kuva kwakadaro asi kuchava kunovaka kutenda kwechiKristu: Estere 4:5—VaFiripi 2:4; Estere 9:22—VaGaratia 2:10. Pomero yakaitirwa vaJudha, kuti ivo havana kuteerera mitemo yamambo, yakafanana nepomero yakaitirwa vaKristu vapakuvamba. (Est. 3:8, 9; Mabasa 16:21; 25:7) Vabatiri vechokwadi vaJehovha vakasangana nepomerwo dzakadaro nenzira yokusatya uye nokuvimba kwokunyengetera nesimba roumwari rokununura, pashure pomuenzaniso wakaisvonaka waMordhekai, Estere, uye vaJudha biyavo.—Est. 4:16; 5:1, 2; 7:3-6; 8:3-6; 9:1, 2.

17. Mordhekai naEstere vakaratidzira sei nzira yakakodzera mukuzviisa vamene pasi paMwari na“masimba makuru”?

¹⁷ SavaKristu, hatifaniri kufunga kuti mamiriro edu ezvinhu akasiyana neaya aMordhekai naEstere. Isuwo tinogara mu“zviremera zvikuru” munyika yokumwe. Chishuvo chedu kuva vagari vemo vanoteerera mitemo munyika ipi kana ipi yatinogara, asika panguva imwe cheteyo, tinoda kutara mutsara nenzira yakarurama pakati po‘kudzorera zvinhu zvaKesari kuna Kesari uye zvinhu zvaMwari kuna Mwari.’ (VaR. 13:1; Ruka 20:25, NW) Gurukota Guru Mordhekai naMambokadzi Estere vakagadza mienzaniso yakanaka yokuzvipira nokuteerera mumabasa avo okunyika. (Est. 2:21-23; 6:2, 3, 10; 8:1, 2; 10:2) Zvisinei, Mordhekai nenzira yokusatya akatara mutsara pakuteerera murayiro wamambo wokukotama pamberi pomuAgagi akaipa, Hamani. Uyezve, akava nechokwadi chokuti kukwirira kwakaitwa kwokutsvaka matsive apamutemo apo Hamani akaita bangano rokuparadza vaJudha.—3:1-4; 5:9; 4:6-8.

18. (a) Chii chinobvumikisa bhuku raEstere kuva “[ra]kafuridzirwa naMwari uye [ri]nobetsera”? (b) Rinokurudzira sei dzivirirwo yefariro dzoUmambo hwaMwari?

¹⁸ Ufakazi hwose hunonongedzera kubhuku raEstere seriri rutivi rweBhaibheri Dzvene, “[ra]kafuridzirwa naMwari uye [ri]nobetsera.” Kunyange risingadudzi Mwari kana kuti zita rake nenzira yakananga, rinotigovera mienzaniso yakaisvonaka yokutenda. Mordhekai naEstere vakanga vasati vachingovawo zvavo vanhu vefungidziro yomutauri wenhau, asi vakanga vari vabatiri chaivoivo vaJehovha Mwari, vanhu vaiisa chivimbo chakakwana musimba raJehovha rokuponesa. Kunyange zvazvo vaigara mu“masimba makuru” munyika yokumwe, vakashandisa mutoo uri wose wapamutemo kuti vadzivirire fariro dzavanhu vaMwari nokunamata kwavo. Isu nhasi tinogona kutevera mienzaniso yavo muku“dzivirira nokusimbisa pamutemo mashoko akanaka” oUmambo hwaMwari hunonunura.—VaF. 1:7, NW.

[Mashoko Omuzasi]