Murangariro Wako Womweya Unotapura Upenyu Hwako
“Munhu akava mweya mupenyu.”—GENESI 2:7.
1, 2. Chii icho marudzidziso mazhinji anodavira pamusoro pomunhu nomweya?
ANODOKUVA marudzidziso ose anodzidzisa kuti munhu ane mweya usingafi. New Catholic Encyclopedia inotaura kuti mweya uno“sikwa naMwari ndokuiswa mumuviri pakunambwa.” Inotaurawo kuti dzidziso yomweya usingafi “ndeimwe yamabwe enheyo” echechi dzechiKristudhomu. Nenzira yakafanana, “murangariro wechiMoslem,” inotaura kudaro The New Encyclopædia Britannica, “unotaura kuti mweya unovapo panguva imwe cheteyo nomuviri; pashure paikoko, une upenyu hwawo umene, batano yawo nomuviri ichiva mugariro wechinguvana.”
2 Marudzidziso akadaro anodavira kuti mweya unosiya muviri panguva yorufu uye unopfuurira kurarama nokusingagumi, nguva yawo yemberi uchiva mufaro wokudenga, kugara kwechinguvana mupurigatori, kana kuti kutambudzwa kusingagumi muhero yomwoto. Rufu rwunorangarirwa senzira inoenda kuupenyu husingagumi munzvimbo yemidzimu. Sokutaura kwakaita mumwe munyori mubhuku rinonzi We Believe in Immortality: “Ndinorangarira Rufu sechinoitika chikuru nechine mbiri. Ndinorangarira Rufu sekwidziridzo youmwari.”
3. Ndechipi chiri chitendero chamarudzidziso akasiana-siana okuMabvazuva?
3 VaHindu, vaBuddha, uye vamwe vanodavira kupinda kwomweya womunhu mumumwe muviri pashure porufu. Ikoku kunobatanidza chitendero chokuti parufu mweya unoberekwazve, unozvarwazve somumwe munhu kana kuti chimwe chinhu chipenyu. Kana munhu akanga ave akanaka, kunotaurwa kuti mweya wake waizoberekwazve somunhu wenzvimbo yakakwirira. Asi kana akanga ave akaipa, aizoberekwazve somunhu wenzvimbo yakaderera kana kuti kunyange semhuka kana kuti kapuka.
4, 5. Nei kuchikosha kuziva zvokwadi pamusoro pomweya?
4 Zvisinei, zvakadiniko kana vanhu vasina mweya usingafi? Zvakadiniko kana rufu rwusiri “kwidziridzo youmwari,” rwusiri nzira yokukurumidza yokuupenyu hwomudzimu husingagumi kana kuti kukuberekwazve kwavose avo vanofa? Ipapo chitendero chomweya usingafi chaizotungamirira munhu munzira isina kururama. Bhuku rinonzi Official Catholic Teachings rinotaura kuti chechi inoomerera pachitendero chomweya usingafi nemhaka yokuti kusachidavira “kungaita kuti minyengetero yake, miitiro yake yemariro namabasa orudzidziso anoitirwa vakafa zvive zvisina revo kana kuti zvisina mufungo.” Naizvozvo nzira yomunhu youpenyu, yokunamata, uye nguva yemberi isingagumi zvinobatanidzwa.—Zvirevo 14:12; Mateo 15:9.
5 Kunokosha kuziva zvokwadi pamusoro pechitendero ichochi. Jesu akati: “Avo vanonamata [Mwari] vanofanira kunamata nomudzimu nezvokwadi.” (Johane 4:24, NW) Zvokwadi pamusoro pomweya womunhu inowanikwa muShoko raMwari, Bhaibheri. Magwaro akafuridzirwa ane ziviso yaMwari yamadonzo ake, naizvozvo tinogona kuva nechivimbo chokuti rinotiudza zvokwadi. (1 VaTesaronika 2:13; 2 Timotio 3:16, 17) Jesu akati mumunyengetero kuna Mwari: “Shoko renyu izvokwadi.”—Johane 17:17.
Akasikwa Ane Mweya Usingafi Here?
6. Nhauro yaGenesi inotiudzei nenzira yakajeka pamusoro pokusikwa kwomunhu?
6 Genesi 2:7 inotiudza, kuti: “Jehovha Mwari akaumba munhu neguruva revhu, akafuridzira mweya woupenyu mumhino dzake, munhu akava mweya mupenyu.” Nhauro yacho haitauri kuti Mwari akaisa mumunhu mweya usingafi. Inotaura kuti apo simba raMwari rakasimbisa muviri waAdhama, iye “akava mweya mupenyu.” Naizvozvo munhu ndiye mweya. Iye haana mweya.
7. Nei vanhu vakaiswa pasi pano?
7 Mwari akasika Adhama kuti ararame pasi pano, kwete mudenga. Pasi rakanga risingafaniri kungova nzvimbowo zvayo yokuedza kuona kana Adhama aikwanirisa nokuda kwedenga. Mwari akaumba pasi “kuti rigarwe,” uye Adhama akanga ari mugari waro wohunhu wokutanga. (Isaya 45:18; 1 VaKorinte 15:45) Gare gare, apo Mwari akasika Evha somudzimai waAdhama, donzo raMwari nokuda kwavo rakanga riri rokuti vaifanira kuzadza pasi ndokurishandura kuva paradhiso somusha usingagumi worudzi rwomunhu.—Genesi 1:26-31; Pisarema 37:29.
8. (a) Kuvapo kwaAdhama kwakanga kuchitsamira pachii? (b) Kudai Adhama akanga asina kutadza, ndokupi kwaaizodai akapfuurira kurarama?
8 Hapana panotaura Bhaibheri kuti rutivi rwaAdhama rwakanga rwusingafi. Mukupesana, kuvapo kwake kwaitsamira pamigariro, kwakatsamira pateerero kumutemo waMwari. Kudai akaputsa mutemo iwoyo, chii ipapoka chaizoitika? Upenyu husingagumi munzvimbo yemidzimu here? Nyangwe. Panzvimbo pezvo, iye aizo“fa zvirokwazvo.” (Genesi 2:17) Aizodzokera kwaakabva: “Zvauri guruva, uchadzokerazve kuguruva.” (Genesi 2:7; 3:19) Adhama akanga asipo asati asikwa, uye aisazovapo nako pashure pokunge afa. Naizvozvo aiva nezvisarudzo zviviri bedzi: (1) teerero noupenyu kana kuti (2) kusateerera norufu. Kudai Adhama akanga asina kutadza, angadai akararama pasi pano nokusingaperi. Angadai asina kutongoenda kudenga.
9. Bhaibheri rinoidza rufu nenzira yakarurama kutii, uye nei?
9 Adhama haana kuteerera, uye iye akafa. (Genesi 5:5) Rufu rwakanga rwuri chirango chake. Rwakanga rwusiri yoku“chinoitika chine mbiri” asi nzira yokukusavapo. Nokudaro, rufu harwusati rwuri shamwari asi rwuri icho Bhaibheri rinorwuidza, “muvengi.” (1 VaKorinte 15:26) Kudai Adhama akanga ava nomweya usingafi uyo waizoenda kudenga kudai aiteerera, ipapo rufu rwaizodai rwakava chikomborero. Asi rwakanga rwusiri. Rwakanga rwuri kutukwa. Uye nechivi chaAdhama, kutuka kworufu kwakapararira kuvanhu vose nemhaka yokuti vose vana vake.—VaRoma 5:12.
10. Chinetsoi chakakomba chinomuka mukudavira kuti Adhama aiva nomweya usingafi?
10 Uyezve, kudai Adhama akanga asikwa aine mweya usingafi uyo waizotambudzwa nokusingaperi muhero yomwoto kana akatadza, nei asina kunyeverwa pamusoro paikoku? Nei akaudzwa bedzi kuti aizofa ndokudzokera kuguruva? Kungadai kusina kuva kwakarurama sei kushurikidzira Adhama kukutambudzwa kusingagumi nokuda kwokusateerera, bva pasina kumunyevera pamusoro pako! Zvisinei, kuna Mwari “hakuna kusaruramisira.” (Dheuteronomio 32:4) Pakanga pasina kwokunyevera Adhama pamusoro pehero yomwoto nokuda kwemweya isingafi yavakaipa. Hero yakadaro yakanga isipo, uyewo mweya isingafi yakanga isipo. (Jeremia 19:5; 32:35) Hakuna kutambudzwa kusingagumi muguruva rapasi.
Kushandisa kweBhaibheri “Mweya”
11. (a) MuBhaibheri shoko rechiShona rokuti “mweya” rinobva mumashokoi echiHebheru nechiGiriki? (b) King James Version inoshandura sei mashoko echiHebheru neechiGiriki nokuda kwo“mweya”?
11 MuMagwaro echiHebheru, shoko rechiShona rokuti “mweya” rinobva mushoko rechiHebheru neʹphesh, iro rinooneka kanopfuura 750. Enzano yaro muMagwaro echiGiriki ndipsy·kheʹ, iro rinooneka kanopfuura 100. New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures nguva dzose inoshandura aya mashoko so“mweya.” Mamwe maBhaibheri angashandisa mhatsa yamashoko. Dzimwe nzira idzo King James Version inoshandura nadzo neʹphesh ndeidzi: chido, chikara, muviri, chifemo, chisikwa, wakafa (muviri), chishuvo, mwoyo, upenyu, munhu, ndangariro, murume, umene, mweya, chinhu. Uye inoshandura psy·kheʹ so“mwoyo, upenyu, ndangariro, mweya.
12. Bhaibheri rinoshandisa sei mashoko echiHebheru neechiGiriki nokuda kwo“mweya”?
12 Bhaibheri rinoidza zvisikwa zvomugungwa kuti neʹphesh: “Mweya mupenyu uri wose uri mumvura.” (Revhitiko 11:10, NW) Shoko racho rinogona kunongedzera kumhuka dzapasi: “Pasi ngaribereke mweya mipenyu mukuwirirana namarudzi ayo, chipfuwo nemhuka inofamba nechikara.” (Genesi 1:24, NW) Kane mazana neʹphesh anoreva vanhu. “Mweya yose yakabva muchiuno chapamusoro chaJakobho yakava mweya ina makumi manomwe.” (Eksodho 1:5, NW) Muenzaniso wepsy·kheʹ achishandiswa nenzira iyi ndi 1 Petro 3:20. (NW) Inotaura nezveareka yaNoa, “umo vanhu vashomanene, ndiko kuti, mweya misere, yakatakurwa nenzira yakakotsekana mumvura.”
13. Bhaibheri rinoshandisa shoko rokuti “mweya” munzirai?
13 Bhaibheri rinoshandisa shoko rokuti “mweya” mune dzimwe nzira zhinji. Genesi 9:5 inoti: “Ropa renyu remweya yenyu ndicharibvunza.” Pano mweya unotaurwa kuva une ropa. Eksodho 12:16 inoti: “Zvinodyiwa no[mweya, NW] mumwe nomumwe zvingagadzirwa nemi, izvozvo bedzi.” Mune ichi chinoitika mweya unotaurwa kuti unodya. Dheuteronomio 24:7 inotaura nezvomunhu “anoba mweya wehama dzake.” Zvirokwazvo wakanga usiri mweya usingafi uyo wakabiwa. Pisarema 119:28 (NW), inoti: “Mweya wangu wave usingarari nenhamo.” Naizvozvo mweya unogona kunyange kurasikirwa nokurara. Bhaibheri rinoratidzawo kuti mweya unofa. Iwo unofa. “[Mweya, NW] unofanira kubviswa pakati porudzi rwake.” (Revhitiko 7:20) “Ngaarege kuswedera ku[mweya wakafa, NW].” (Numeri 6:6) “Mweya yedu inofanira kufa.” (Joshua 2:14, NW) “Mweya mumwe nomumwe usingateereri Muporofita iyeyo, uchaparadzwa chose chose.” (Mabasa 3:23, NW) “Mweya mupenyu uri wose wakafa.”—Zvakazarurwa 16:3, NW.
14. Chii chinoratidza Bhaibheri nenzira yakajeka chiri mweya?
14 Nenzira yakajeka, shandiso yeBhaibheri yaneʹphesh napsy·kheʹ inoratidza kuti mweya ndiye munhu kana kuti, mune chinoitika chemhuka, chisikwa. Harusati ruri rutivi rwakati rwusingafi rwomunhu. Zvamazvirokwazvo, neʹphesh anotoshandiswa nezvaMwari amene: “Mweya wake unovenga unomanikidza.—Pisarema 11:5.
Nyanzvi Zhinji Dzinobvuma
15. Mabhuku enyanzvi anoverengeka anozvitaurira amene sei pamusoro pedzidziso yomweya usingafi?
15 Nyanzvi zhinji dzinobvuma kuti Bhaibheri harisati richitaura nezvomweya usingafi. The Concise Jewish Encyclopedia inotaura, kuti: “Bhaibheri harisati richitaura dzidziso yokusafa kwomweya, uyewo iyoyi haisati ichioneka nenzira yakajeka mumabhuku apakuvamba avarabhi.” The Jewish Encyclopedia inoti: “Chitendero chokuti mweya unopfuuridzira kuvapo kwawo pashure pokuparadzwa kwomuviri inhau yefungidziro youzivi kana kuti yorudzidziso panzvimbo pokutenda kwakapfava, uye nenzira inowirirana hachisati chichidzidziswa panzvimbo ipi neipi nenzira yakajeka muMagwaro Matsvene.” The Interpreter’s Dictionary of the Bible inoti: “Nephesh . . . haisati ichipfuurira kuvapo iri yoga pasina muviri, asi inofa pamwe nawo. . . . Hapana rugwaro rweBhaibheri rwunosimbisa kutaura kwokuti ‘mweya’ unoparadzaniswa nomuviri panguva yorufu.”
16. Vamwe vakuru vakuru vanotaura sei vamene pamusoro pomweya?
16 Uyewo, Expository Dictionary of Bible Words inoti: “‘Mweya’ muT[estamende] yeK[are], ipapoka, hausati uchiratidzira rutivi rwakati rwusina muviri rwavanhu rwunopfuurira pashure porufu. [Neʹphesh] nenzira inokosha anoreva upenyu sezvahunoraramwa nenzira yechienzi navanhu. . . . Revo huru ya[psy·kheʹ] inosimbiswa nomubiyayo weT[estamende] ye[Kare], panzvimbo perevo yayo mupepuko yechiGiriki.” Uye The Eerdmans Bible Dictionary inotaura kuti muBhaibheri, shoko rokuti mweya “harisati richiratidzira rutivi rwomunhu, asi panzvimbo pezvo munhu wose. . . . Mupfungwa iyi vanhu havana mweya—ivo ndivo mweya.” Kutsveyamisa mashoko ndokwedu.
17. Manyuko maviri eKaturike anobvumei pamusoro po“mweya”?
17 Kunyange New Catholic Encyclopedia inobvuma, kuti: “Mashoko eBhaibheri nokuda kwomweya kazhinji kazhinji anoreva munhu wose.” Inowedzera kuti: “Hakuna musiano womuviri nomweya muT[estamende] yeK[are]. . . . Shoko rokuti [neʹphesh], kunyange zvazvo richishandurwa neshoko redu mweya, haritongorevi mweya sowakasiana nomuviri kana kuti munhu. . . . Shoko rokuti [psy·kheʹ] ishoko reT[estamende] I[tsva] rinowirirana na[neʹphesh]. . . . Mufungo womweya unorarama pashure porufu haunzwisiswi nyore nyore muBhaibheri.” Uye Georges Auzou, Purofesa weKaturike weFrance waMagwaro Anoyera, anonyora mubhuku rake La Parole de Dieu (Shoko raMwari), kuti: “Pfungwa yo‘mweya,’ kureva chinhu chaichoicho chomudzimu chose chose, chisina nyama, chakaparadzana no‘muviri,’ . . haisi muBhaibheri.”
18. (a) Enisaikoropidhia inotsinhira sei pakushandisa kweBhaibheri shoko rokuti “mweya”? (b) Vafundisi vakawana kupi mufungo wechimwe chinhu chinopukunyuka rufu rwomuviri?
18 Nokudaro, The Encyclopedia Americana inoti: “Pfungwa yeTestamende Yekare yomunhu ndiiya yechinhu chimwe, kwete mubatanidzwa womweya nomuviri. Kunyange zvazvo shoko rechiHebheru [neʹphesh] richiwanzoshandurwa so‘mweya,’ kwaizova kusina kururama kupinza mariri revo yechiGiriki. . . [Neʹphesh] haisati ichitongonzwisiswa nezvayo seinoshanda yakaparadzana nomuviri. MuTestamende Itsva shoko rechiGiriki [psy·kheʹ] rinowanzoshandurwa so‘mweya’ asi zvakare harifaniri kunzwisiswa nyore nyore kuva nerevo yaiva neshoko racho nokuda kwavazivi vechiGiriki. . . .Bhaibheri harisati richigovera kurondedzerwa kwakajeka kwamapukunyukire omunhu pashure porufu.” Inowedzera, kuti: “Vafundisi vaitofanira kutendeukira kukurukurirano yavazivi nokuda kwomutoo wakakwana wokurondedzera nawo kupukunyuka kwomunhu pashure porufu.”
Kwete Bhaibheri Asi Uzivi
19. Uzivi hwechiGiriki hwakabatanidzwa sei nechitendero chomweya usingafi?
19 Ndokwechokwadi kuti vafundisi vakatora mifungo yavazivi vechihedheni kuti vaumbe dzidziso yokusafa kwomweya. Dictionnaire Encyclopédique de la Bible (Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Bible) rechiFrench rinoti: “Pfungwa yokusafa chibereko chokufunga kwechiGiriki.” The Jewish Encyclopedia inoti: “Chitendero mukusafa kwomweya chakauya kuvaJudha chichibva muonano nomufungo wechiGiriki uye zvikurukuru kupfurikidza nouzivi hwaPlato, mutsigiri mukuru wahwo, “uyo akararama muzana ramakore rechina pamberi paKristu. Plato akadavira, kuti: “Mweya haufi uye hauparadziki, uye mweya yedu zvamazvirokwazvo ichavapo mune imwe nyika!”—The Dialogues of Plato.
20. Uzivi hwechihedheni hwakapinda muchiKristu rini uye sei?
20 Ndirini apo uhu uzivi hwechihedheni hwakapinda muchiKristu? The New Encyclopædia Britannica inoti: “Kuvambira pakati pezana ramakore rechi 2 AD maKristu akanga aine rovedzo muuzivi hwechiGiriki akavamba kunzwa dikanwo yokuratidzira kutenda kwawo mumashoko ahwo, nokuda kwezvose zviri zviviri gutsikano yawo amene youngwaru uye kuti atendeutse vahedheni vakadzidza. Uzivi hwakanga hwakavakodzera zvakaisvonaka chakanga chiri chiPlato.” Naizvozvo, sokutaura kunoita Britannica, “vazivi vechiKristu vapakuvamba vakagamuchira pfungwa yechiGiriki yokusafa kwomweya.” Kunyange Pope John Paul II akabvuma kuti dzidziso yokusafa kwomweya inobatanidza “rondedzero dzezvikoro zvakati zvouzivi hwechiGiriki.” Asi kugamuchira rondedzero dzouzivi hwechiGiriki kwakareva kuti chiKristudhomu chakanga charega zvokwadi yakapfava inotaurwa pana Genesi 2:7: “Munhu akava mweya mupenyu.”
21. Chitendero mumweya usingafi chinodzokera shure kusvika kure sei?
21 Dzidziso yomweya usingafi, zvisinei, inodzokera shure zvikuru kupfuura Plato. Mubhuku rinonzi The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria, rakanyorwa naMorris Jastrow, tinorava, kuti: “Chinetso chokusafa . . . chakabatikanisa ngwariro yakakomba yavafundisi veBhabhironi. . . . Rufu rwaiva mukoto wokuno rumwe rudzi rwoupenyu.” Uyewo, bhuku rinonzi Egyptian Religion, rakanyorwa naSiegfried Morenz, rinoti: “VaEgipita vapakuvamba vairangarira upenyu pashure porufu nenzira iri nyore sokupfuurira kwoupenyu pasi pano.” The Jewish Encyclopedia inocherechedza batano naaya marudzidziso ekare naPlato apo inotaura kuti Plato akatungamirirwa kumufungo womweya usingafi “kupfurikidza nezvakavanzika zvavaOrpheus neEleusis umo mirangariro yavaBhabhironi navaEgipita yakavhenganiswa nenzira yechienzi.”
22. Nei kuchigona kutaurwa kuti mbeu dzedzidziso yomweya usingafi dzakadyarwa chaizvoizvo pamavambo enhau yomunhu?
22 Nokudaro, mufungo womweya usingafi ndowekare. Kutaura idi, mavambo awo anodzokera kumavambo enhau yomunhu! Pashure pokunge Adhama audzwa kuti aizofa kana asina kuteerera Mwari, murangariro wakasiana wakataurwa kumudzimai waAdhama, Evha. Akaudzwa, kuti: “Haufi zvirokwazvo.” Pano mbeu dzedzidziso yomweya usingafi dzakadyarwa. Uye chibviro chaipapo, shambidziko imwe pashure peimwe yakagamuchira murangariro wechihedheni wokuti ‘hausati uchizofa chaizvoizvo asi uchapfuurira kurarama.’ Ikoku kunobatanidza chiKristudhomu, icho chakapinza vateveri vacho mukuwa pakutenda mukupesana namadonzo aMwari nokuda.—Genesi 3:1-5; Mateo 7:15-23; 13:36-43; Mabasa 20:29, 30; 2 VaTesaronika 2:3, 7.
23. Ndiani akatanga dzidziso yomweya usingafi, uye nei?
23 Akanga ari ani uyo akatungamirira vanhu kudavira nhema iyoyo? Jesu akamuzivisa apo akataura kuvatungamiriri vorudzidziso vomuzuva rake, kuti: “Imi muri vababa venyu Dhiabhorosi, munoda kuita kuda kwakaipa kwababa venyu . . . kana achireva nhema, unoreva zvake nokuti ndiye wenhema, nababa wadzo.” (Johane 8:44) Hungu, ndiSatani uyo akatanga mufungo womweya usingafi kuti abvise vanhu pakunamata kwechokwadi. Naizvozvo nzira yomunhu youpenyu netariro nokuda kwenguva yemberi zvinoiswa panzira isina kururama kupfurikidza nokudavira dzidziso idzo dzakakura dzichibuda munhema yokutanga yakanyorwa muBhaibheri, kunyange zvazvo panguva iyoyo Evha pasina panikiro akanzwisisa nyoka kuva inoreva chete kuti aisazotongofa munyama.
24. Mibvunzoi ingabvunzwa zvakafanira pamusoro poupenyu husingagumi nokusafa kwomweya?
24 Bhaibheri harisati richidzidzisa kuti vanhu vane mweya usingafi. Nei, ipapoka, richitaura pamusoro petariro youpenyu husingagumi? Kupfuurirazve, Bhaibheri, haritauri here pana 1 VaKorinte 15:53, kuti: “Nokuti ichi chinofa chinofanira kufuka kusafa”? Uye Jesu haana kuenda kudenga here pashure porumuko rwake, uye haana kudzidzisa kuti vamwe vaigonawo kuenda kudenga here? Iyoyi nemimwe mibvunzo ichanzverwa munyaya yedu inotevera.
Mibvunzo Yehwirudzuro
◻ Marudzidziso mazhinjisa anodavirei pamusoro pomweya?
◻ Bhaibheri rinoratidza sei kuti munhu haana kusikwa ane mweya usingafi?
◻ Chii chakajeka mukushandisa kweBhaibheri mashoko echiHebheru neechiGiriki nokuda kwo“mweya”?
◻ Nyanzvi zhinji dzinotaurei pamusoro pomurangariro weBhaibheri womweya?
◻ Dzidziso yokusafa kwomweya inodzokera shure kusvikira sei munhau?
[Mufananidzo uri papeji 20]
Zvose mweya