Kururama Kwete Namagamuchidzanwa Anotaurwa
“Kana kururama kwenyu kusina kuwanda kupfuura uko kwavanyori navaFarise, hamusati muchizotongopinda muumambo hwamatenga.”—MATEO 5:20, “NW.”
1, 2. Chii chakaitika pamberi chaipo pokupa kwaJesu Mharidzo yake yapaGomo?
JESU akanga apedza usiku ari mugomo. Matenga ane nyeredzi aiva pamusoro. Mhuka duku dzousiku dzaiti shwakata shwakata mumagwenzi. Kumabvazuva mvura dzeGungwa reGarirea dzairova zvinyoronyoro pamhenderekedzo. Asi Jesu aingogona bedzi kuva aiziva zvishomanene nezvorunako rune rugare, runonyaradza rwakamupoteredza. Iye akanga apedza usiku ari mumunyengetero kuna Baba vake vokudenga, Jehovha. Iye aida nhungamiro yaBaba vake. Zuva riri mberi rakanga rakakomba.
2 Mumabvazuva denga rakajeka. Shiri dzakavamba kufamba-famba, dzichikururudza zvinyoronyoro. Maruva omusango aivheya zvinyoronyoro mukamuferefere. Sezvo mwaradzi yokutanga yezuva yakabuda pajengajenga, Jesu akadanira vadzidzi vake kwaari uye pakati pavo akasarudza 12 kuva vaapostora vake. Ipapo, pamwe chete navo vose, akatanga kuburuka murutivi megomo. Mapoka aitogona kuonekwa achidirana achibva Garirea, Tire neSidhoni, Judhea neJerusarema. Ivo vakauya kuzoporeswa hosha dzavo. Simba rakabva kuna Jehovha rakanga richibuda muna Jesu sezvo vazhinji vakamubata uye vakarapwa. Vakanga vauyawo kuzonzwa mashoko ake ayo akanga akaita samafuta anoporesa kumweya yavo inotambudzika.—Mateo 4:25; Ruka 6:12-19.
3. Neiko vadzidzi namapoka vaikarira apo Jesu akavamba kutaura?
3 Mumarusando avo okudzidzisa omuitiro zvikuru, vanarabhi vakanga vajaira kugara pasi, uye paaya mangwanani chaiwo echirimo a 31 N.V., ndizvo zvakaita Jesu, sezviri pachena panzvimbo yakati sandara pamusoro parutivi pegomo. Apo vadzidzi vake namapoka vakaona ikoku, vakaziva kuti chimwe chinhu chaicho chakanga chichirongwa, naizvozvo vakamukomba vachikarira. Apo akavamba kutaura, vakanga vachikarira mashoko ake; apo akagumisa nguva yakati gare gare, vakasiiwa vakatyamadzwa neizvo vakanga vanzwa. Ngationei chikonzero nei.—Mateo 7:28.
Marudzi Maviri Okururama
4. (a) Marudzii maviri okururama aikurukurwa? (b) Nderipi raiva donzo ramagamuchidzanwa anotaurwa, uye rakawanwa here?
4 MuMharidzo yake yapaGomo, inoshumwa pose pari paviri pana Mateo 5:1–7:29 uye pana Ruka 6:17-49, Jesu akasianisa zvikuru mapoka maviri: vanyori navaFarise navanhuwo zvavo avo vaidzvinyirira. Iye akataura nezvamarudzi maviri okururama, kururama kwokunyengera kwavaFarise nokururama kwechokwadi kwaMwari. (Mateo 5:6, 20) Kuzviruramisa kwechiFarise kwakanga kwakadzikwa mumagamuchidzanwa anotaurwa. Iwaya akanga atangwa muzana ramakore rechipiri P.N.V. se“fenzi yakakomba Mutemo” kuudzivirira pavhozhokero dzechiHereni (tsika yechiGiriki). Iwo akanga asvika pakurangarirwa sorutivi rwoMutemo. Kutaura idi, vanyori vakatoisa magamuchidzanwa anotaurwa pamusoro poMutemo wakanyorwa. Mishnah inoti: “Rumano rukuru zvikuru runoshanda kukuchengetwa kwamashoko aVanyori [magamuchidzanwa avo anotaurwa] kupfuura kuchengetwa kwamashoko oMutemo wakanyorwa.” Nokudaro, panzvimbo pokuva “fenzi yakakomba Mutemo” kuudzivirira, magamuchidzanwa avo akanetesa Mutemo ndokuuita usina simba, kungofanana nezvakataura Jesu, kuti: “Nounyanzvi munoisa parutivi murairo waMwari kuti muchengete gamuchidzanwa renyu.”—Marko 7:5-9, NW; Mateo 15:1-9.
5. (a) Ndoupi waiva mugariro wavanhuwo zvavo vaiuya kuzonzwa Jesu, uye ivo vairangarirwa sei navanyori navaFarise? (b) Chii chakaita kuti magamuchidzanwa anotaurwa ave mutoro unorema wakadaro pamapfudzi avanhu vanoshanda?
5 Vanhuwo zvavo vakadirana kuzonzwa Jesu vaiva varombo mumudzimu, zvavakanga “vaneta, varashwa, samakwai asino mufudzi.” (Mateo 9:36) Nokuzvitutumadza kwokudada vanyori navaFarise vakavazvidza, vakavadana kuti ʽam-ha·ʼaʹrets (vanhu venyika), uye vakavashora savatadzi vasina chavanoziva, vakatuka vasina kusafanirwa norumuko nemhaka yokuti vakanga vasingachengeti magamuchidzanwa anotaurwa. Pakasvika nguva yaJesu magamuchidzanwa iwayo akanga ava akawanda kwazvo uye mhinganidzo inodzvinyirira kwazvo yakadaro yokuwanira mhaka kwapamutemo—akazadzwa kwazvo nemiitiro yetsika inopedza nguva—zvokuti hakuna munhu anoshanda aigona sezvinobvira kuachengeta. Hakushamisi kuti Jesu akashora magamuchidzanwa se‘mitoro inorema pamapfudzi avanhu.’—Mateo 23:4; Johane 7:45-49.
6. Chii chaikatyamadza kwazvo pamusoro pokutaura kwokutanga kwaJesu, uye ichinjoi yakwakaratidzira nokuda kwavadzidzi vake uye nokuda kwavanyori navaFarise?
6 Naizvozvo apo Jesu akagara parutivi pagomo, avo vakaswedera pedyo kuzoteerera vakanga vari vadzidzi vake namapoka ane nzara mumudzimu. Ivava vanofanira kuva vakawana mashoko ake okutanga achikatyamadza. ‘Vanofara varombo, vanofara vane nzara, vanofara avo vanochema, vanofara avo vanovengwa.’ Asi ndivanaani vanogona kuva vanofara apo vanenge vari varombo, vane nzara, vachichema, uye vachivengwa? Uye nhamo dzakaziviswa nokuda kwaavo vakanga vakapfuma, vaisanodya, vaiseka, uye vaiyemurwa! (Ruka 6:20-26) Mumashoko mashomanene chete, Jesu akachinja kuyera kwose kwomuitiro nemipimo yavanhu inogamuchirwa. Yakanga iri chinjo inoshamisa yenzvimbo, mutsinhirano namashoko apashure aJesu: “Mumwe nomumwe, unozvikudza, uchaninipiswa, mumwe nomumwe, unozvininipisa uchakudzwa.”—Ruka 18:9-14.
7. Mashoko okutanga aJesu anofanira kuva akava nomuuyoi paboka rine nzara yomudzimu raiteerera Jesu?
7 Mukupesana navanyori navaFarise vanozvigutsa, avo vaiuya kuna Jesu paaya mangwanani chaiwo vaiziva mugariro wavo womudzimu unosuruvarisa. Mashoko ake okutanga anofanira kuva akavazadza netariro: “Vanofara avo vanoziva chinodikanwa chavo chomudzimu, sezvo umambo hwamatenga huri hwavo.” Uye mudzimu wavo unofanira kuva wakakwira sei apo iye akawedzera, kuti: “Vanofara avo vane nzara nenyota zvokururama, sezvo vachagutiswa”! (Mateo 5:3, 6, NW; Johane 6:35; Zvakazarurwa 7:16, 17) Kuzadzwa nokururama, hungu, asi kwete norudzi rwechiFarise.
Hakuna Kukwana Kuva “Akarurama Pamberi Pavanhu”
8. Neiko vamwe vaizoshamisika kuti kururama kwavo kwaigona kuwanda kupfuura uko kwavanyori navaFarise, bva neiko kuchifanira kuita saizvozvo?
8 “Kana kururama kwenyu kusina kuwanda kupfuura uko kwavanyori navaFarise,” Jesu akadaro, “hamusati muchizotongopinda muumambo hwamatenga.” (Mateo 5:17-20, NW; ona Marko 2:23-28; 3:1-6; 7:1-13.) Vamwe vanofanira kuva vakafunga, kuti: ‘Kururama kwakawanda kupfuura vaFarise? Ivo vanozvinyima zvokudya ndokunyengetera ndokupa chegumi ndokupa zvipo uye kupedza upenyu hwavo vachifunda Mutemo. Kururama kwedu kunombogona sei kupfuura kwavo?’ Asi kwaifanira kuwanda kupfuura. VaFarise vangave vairemekedzwa zvikuru kwazvo navanhu, asi kwete naMwari. Pane imwe nhambo Jesu akati kuava vaFarise: “Imi muri avo vanozviruramisa vamene pamberi pavanhu, asi Mwari anoziva mwoyo yenyu; nemhaka yokuti chakakwirira pakati pavanhu chinhu chinonyangadza pamberi paMwari.”—Ruka 16:15, NW.
9-11. (a) Ndeipi yakanga iri nzira imwe vanyori navaFarise vakafunga kuti vaizogamuchira nayo kuchimiro chakarurama pamberi paMwari? (b) Ivo vaikarira kuwana kururama nenzirai yechipiri? (c) Ndeipi yaiva nzira yechitatu yavaivimba nayo, uye chii icho muapostora Pauro akataura kuti chakashurikidza ikoku kukundikano?
9 Vanarabhi vakanga vaita mitemo yavo vamene yokuwana nayo kururama. Mumwe rwakanga rwuri runako kupfurikidza nokubva kuna Abrahama: “Vadzidzi vaAbrahama baba vedu vanofarikanya nyika ino ndokugara nhaka nyika ichauya.” (Mishnah) Sezvinobvira kwakanga kuri kukurira iri gamuchidzanwa iro Johane Mubhapatidzi akanyevera vaFarise vakauya kwaari, kuti: “Berekai zvibereko zvakakodzera rupfidzo; uye musati kwamuri mumene, ‘Tina Abrahama sababa [sokunge ikoko kwakakwana].’”—Mateo 3:7-9, NW; onawo Johane 8:33, 39.
10 Nzira yechipiri yokuwana nayo kururama, ivo vakati, yaiva kupfurikidza nokupa zvipo. Mabhuku maviri eApocrypha akanyorwa navaJudha vanoshingaira mukati mezana ramakore rechipiri P.N.V. anoratidzira murangariro wamagamuchidzanwa. Kutaura kumwe kunooneka muTobit: “Kupa zvipo kunodzivisira munhu rufu uye kunoyananisa chivi chiri chose.” (12:9, The New American Bible) Bhuku raSirach (Muparidzi) rinobvuma, richiti: “Mvura inodzima mwoto una marimi, uye zvipo zvinoyananisira zvivi.”—3:29, NAB.
11 Nzira yechitatu yavaitsvaka nayo kururama yaiva kupfurikidza namabasa oMutemo. Magamuchidzanwa avo anotaurwa aidzidzisa kuti kana mabasa omunhu akanga akanaka zvikurusa, aizoponeswa. Rutongeso “rwuri mukuwirirana namabasa akawanda ayo angava akanaka kana kuti akaipa.” (Mishnah) Kumira zvakanaka murutongeso, itiro hanya yavo yakanga iri “kuwana runako urwo rwaizokurira zvivi.” Kana mabasa akanaka omunhu aipfuura mabasa ake akaipa nakamwe, aizoponeswa—sokunge Mwari aitonga kupfurikidza nokuverenga mibato yavo miduku! (Mateo 23:23, 24) Achipa murangariro wakarurama, Pauro akanyora, kuti: “Kupfurikidza namabasa omutemo hakuna nyama icharuramiswa pamberi pa[Mwari].” (VaRoma 3:20, NW) Zvamazvirokwazvo, kururama kwechiKristu kunofanira kuwanda kupfuura uko kwavanyori navaFarise!
“Makanzwa Kuti Kwakanzi”
12. (a) Ichinjoi munzira yake yenguva dzose yokutanga nayo nongedzero kuMagwaro echiHebheru iyo Jesu akaita muMharidzo yake yapaGomo, uye nei? (b) Chii chatinodzidza mukushandiswa kwechitanhatu kwokutaura kwokuti “Kwakanzi”?
12 Apo Jesu kare akanokora mashoko muMagwaro echiHebheru, akati: “Kwakanyorwa.” (Mateo 4:4, 7, 10, NW) Asi katanhatu paMharidzo yapaGomo, iye akatanga kwakanzwika sokutaura kwakabva muMagwaro echiHebheru namashoko, anoti: “Kwakanzi.” (Mateo 5:21, 27, 31, 33, 38, 43, NW) Neiko? Nemhaka yokuti iye akanga achinongedzera kuMagwaro saaitsanangurwa nebetsero yamagamuchidzanwa echiFarise ayo aipokanidza mirairo yaMwari. (Dheuteronomio 4:2; Mateo 15:3) Ikoku kunoitwa kuti kuve pachena munongedzero yaJesu yechitanhatu neyokupedzisira muiyi nhevedzano: “Makanzwa kuti kwakanzi, ‘Unofanira kuda muvakidzani wako ndokuvenga muvengi wako.’” Asi hakuna mutemo waMosesi wakati, “Venga muvengi wako.” Vanyori navaFarise vakautaura. Iyoyo yakanga iri dudziro yavo yoMutemo yokuda muvakidzani wako—muvakidzani wako wechiJudha, kwete vamwe.
13. Jesu anonyevera sei kunyange mavambo omufambiro ungagona kutungamirira kukuponda chaikoiko?
13 Rangarira zvino yokutanga yeiyi nhevedzano yokutaura kutanhatu. Jesu akazivisa, kuti: “Makanzwa kuti zvakanzi kuna vekare: ‘Usauraya; ani naani unouraya uchapara mhosva ingatongwa;’ asi ini ndinoti kwamuri: Unotsamwira hama yake, uchapara mhosva ingatongwa.” (Mateo 5:21, 22) Kutsamwa mumwoyo kunogona kutungamirira kukutuka uye kubva ipapo kurutongeso rwokushurikidza, uye pakupedzisira kungatungamirira kuchiito chokuponda kumene. Kutsamwa kunorebeswa kunochengetwa mumwoyo kunogona kuva kunouraya: “Munhu ari wose anovenga hama yake muurayi.”—1 Johane 3:15, NW.
14. Jesu anotipa zano sei kunyange rokusatanga kufamba munzira inotungamirira kuupombwe?
14 Jesu akatevera kuti: “Makanzwa kuti zvakanzi: ‘Usaita upombwe.’ Asi ini ndinoti kwamuri: ‘Mumwe nomumwe unotarira mukadzi achimuchiva, atoita upombwe naye mumwoyo make.” (Mateo 5:27, 28) Hausati uchizoita upombwe here? Ipapo usambotanga kufamba nenzira iyoyo kupfurikidza nokuchengeta mifungo pamusoro pahwo. Chengeta mwoyo wako, umo zvinhu zvakadaro zvine manyuko azvo. (Zvirevo 4:23; Mateo 15:18, 19) Jakobho 1:14, 15 inonyevera, kuti: “Asi munhu mumwe nomumwe unoedzwa kana achikwehwa nokuchiva kwake achinyengerwa. Zvino kuchiva, kana kwarema kunozvara zvivi; nezvivi, kana zvakakura, zvinobereka rufu.” Vanhu pane dzimwe nguva vanoti: ‘Usatanga chausingagoni kupedza.’ Asi muchinoitika chino tinofanira kuti: ‘Usatanga chausingagoni kumisa.’ Vamwe vave vakatendeka kunyange apo vakatyisidzirwa norufu pamberi pavarwi vanopfura gare gare vakatera kumuedzo wamanomano woutere hwevatano.
15. Chimiro chaJesu pachatanuro chakasiana sei chose chose neicho chairondedzerwa mumagamuchidzanwa anotaurwa avaJudha?
15 Tinosvika zvino kukutaura kwechitatu kwaJesu. Iye akati: “Uyezve kwakanzi, ‘Ani naani anochatanura mudzimai wake, ngaamupe rugwaro rwechatanuro.’ Zvisinei, ndinotaura kwamuri kuti munhu ari wose anochatanura mudzimai wake, kunze kwechikonzero choufeve, anomuitisa mhombwe, uye ani naani anoroora mukadzi akachatanura [ndiko kuti, akachatanurwa pachikonzero chisiri choutere hwevatano] anoita upombwe.” (Mateo 5:31, 32, NW) Vamwe vaJudha vaibata nokunyengera navadzimai vavo ndokuvachatanura pazvikonzero zvidukusa. (Maraki 2:13-16; Mateo 19:3-9) Magamuchidzanwa anotaurwa aibvumira murume kuchatanura mudzimai wake “kunyange kana iye akakanganisa zvokudya zvake” kana kuti “kana iye akawana mumwe akanaka zvikuru kupfuura iye.”—Mishnah.
16. Muitiroi wechiJudha wakaita kuti kupika mhiko kuve kusina revo, uye chimiroi chakatora Jesu?
16 Nenzira yakafanana, Jesu akapfuurira, kuti: “Zvakare makanzwa kuti kwakanzi kuna avo venguva dzakare, ‘Musapika pasina kuita’. . . Zvisinei, ndinoti kwamuri: Musatongopika.” Panguva ino vaJudha vakanga vachishatisa kuita mhiko uye vakanga vachipika mhiko dzakawanda pamusoro pezvinhu zvenhando pasina kuita. Asi Jesu akati: “Musatongopika . . . Ingoregai shoko renyu Hungu rireve Hungu, Aiwa wenyu, Aiwa.” Mutemo wake wakanga wakapfava: Ivai vechokwadi panguva dzose, musingafaniri kusimbisa shoko renyu nemhiko. Chengeterai mhiko zvinhu zvinokosha.—Mateo 5:33-37, NW; enzanisa na Mat. 23:16-22.
17. Inzirai iri nani inopfuura “ziso nokuda kweziso uye zino nokuda kwezino” iyo Jesu akadzidzisa?
17 Jesu akatevera kuti: “Makanzwa kuti zvakanzi: ‘Ziso rinotsiviwa neziso, zino nezino.’ Asi ini ndinoti kwamuri: Musadzivisa wakaipa; asi unokurova padama rorudyi, murinzire rimwewo.” (Mateo 5:38-42) Jesu pano haasi kunongedzera kuchibhakera chinoitirwa donzo rokuita kuvadziko asi kukumbamura kunozvidza nokunze kworuoko. Usazvideredza umene kupfurikidza nokutsiva nokunyomba. Ramba kudzorera chakaipa nechakaipa. Panzvimbo pezvo, dzorera chakanaka uye nomutoo iwoyo “uchiramba uchikurira zvakaipa nezvakanaka.”—VaRoma 12:17-21, NW.
18. (a) VaJudha vakachinja sei mutemo pamusoro pokuda muvakidzani wako, asi Jesu akakunda sei iwoyu? (b) Ndeipi yaiva mhinduro yaJesu kugweta rakati raida kuganhurira kushanda kwo“muvakidzani”?
18 Mumuenzaniso wechitanhatu nowokupedzisira, Jesu akaratidza zvakajeka kuti Mutemo waMosesi wakaneteswa sei negamuchidzanwa ravanarabhi: “Makanzwa kuti kwakanzi, ‘Unofanira kuda muvakidzani wako ndokuvenga muvengi wako.’ Zvisinei, ndinoti kwamuri: Pfuurirai kuda vavengi venyu uye nyengetererai vanokutambudzai.” (Mateo 5:43, 44, NW) Mutemo waMosesi wakanyorwa hauna kuisa miganhu parudo: “Unofanira kuda mubiyako sewe umene.” (Revhitiko 19:18, NW) Vakanga vari vaFarise vakadzivisa uyu murairo, uye kuti vaunzvenge vakaganhurira shoko rokuti “muvakidzani” kuavo vaichengeta magamuchidzanwa. Naizvozvo kwakanga kwakadaro kuti apo Jesu gare gare akayeuchidza gweta rakati nezvomurairo wokuti ‘ida muvakidzani wako sewe umene,’ murume wacho akapindura nenzira yokunyengera, kuti: “Ndiani chaizvoizvo ari muvakidzani wangu?” Jesu akapindura nomuenzanisiro womuSamaria akanaka—zviite umene muvakidzani kumunhu anokuda.—Ruka 10:25-37, NW.
19. Chiitoi chakaitwa naJehovha kuvakaipa icho Jesu akarumbidza kuti titevere?
19 Achipfuuridzira mharidzo yake, Jesu akazivisa kuti ‘Mwari akaratidza rudo kuvakaipa. Iye akaparira zuva kupenya uye mvura kunaya pavari. Hapana chinhu chechienzi mukuda avo vanokuda. Vakaipa vanoita izvozvo. Hapana chikonzero chetuso muna ikoko. Zvibvumikisei mumene kuva vanakomana vaMwari. Mutevedzerei. Zviite umene muvakidzani kuvose uye ida muvakidzani wako. Uye nokudaro “ivai vakakwana, saBaba venyu vokudenga vakakwana.”’ (Mateo 5:45-48, NW) Mupimo unodenha zvakadini wokurarama mukuwirirana nawo! Uye unoratidza kururama kwavanyori navaFarise kuva kwakaperevedza sei!
20. Panzvimbo pokuisa parutivi Mutemo waMosesi, Jesu akakudza nokudzikisa sei simba rawo ndokuuisa pamwero wakakwirira zvikuru?
20 Naizvozvo apo Jesu akanongedzera kumativi oMutemo ndokuwedzera kuti, “Zvisinei, ndinoti kwamuri,” akanga asiri kuisa parutivi Mutemo waMosesi nokutsiva nechimwe chinhuwo zvacho munzvimbo yawo. Aiwa, asi akanga achidzamisa nokukudza simba rawo kupfurikidza nokuratidza mudzimu uri shure kwawo. Mutemo wakakwirira zvikuru wouhama unotonga utsinye hunopfuuridzirwa sokuponda. Mutemo wakakwirira zvikuru worucheno unozvidza kufunga kworuchiva kunopfuuridzirwa soupombwe. Mutemo wakakwirira zvikuru weroorano unoramba kuchatanura kwoupenzi senzira inotungamirira kukuroorazve kwoupombwe. Mutemo wakakwirira zvikuru wezvokwadi unoratidza kuti mhiko dzinodzokororwa hadzisi madikanwa. Mutemo wakakwirira zvikuru wounyoro unoisa parutivi matsive. Mutemo wakakwirira zvikuru worudo unoraira rudo rwoumwari rusingazivi miganhu.
21. Chii chakazivisa mazano aJesu pamusoro pokuzviruramisa kwavarabhi, uye chiizve mapoka aizodzidza?
21 Mazano akadaro asinganzwiwi nezvawo anofanira kuva akava nomuuyo mukuru wakadini sezvo akasvika panzeve dzaavo vaianzwa kwenguva yokutanga! Akaita kuzviruramisa kwounyengeri kwaibva mukushandira magamuchidzanwa kwavanarabhi kuva kusina maturo chose chose sei! Sezvo Jesu akapfuuridzira Mharidzo yake yapaGomo, mapoka aiva nenzara nenyota zvokururama kwaMwari aifanira kudzidza zvakananga nzira yokukuwana nayo, sezvinoratidza nyaya inotevera.
Mibvunzo Yehwirudzuro
◻ Neiko vaJudha vakatanga magamuchidzanwa avo anotaurwa?
◻ Ichinjoi inoshamisa yakaita Jesu pamusoro pavanyori navaFarise navanhuwo zvavo?
◻ Vanyori navaFarise vaikarira sei kuwana chimiro chakarurama naMwari?
◻ Chii chakaratidza Jesu kuva nzira yokudzivisa nayo ufeve noupombwe?
◻ Kupfurikidza nokuratidza mudzimu uri shure kwoMutemo waMosesi, mipimoi yakakwirira zvikuru iyo Jesu akatanga?