Masada—Neiko Yakaitika?
”KARE kare, shamwari dzangu dzakashinga, takasarudza kusabatira vaRoma kana kuti munhu upi noupi zvake asi Mwari bedzi . . . Uyai, maoko edu akasununguka kubata munondo . . . Ngatifei tisati tava varanda pasi pavavengi vedu, uye kusiya upenyu ihwohwu pamwe chete savanhu vakasununguka navana vedu navadzimai!”
Iyi pangiro yokupererwa nezano rose sezvinoshumwa yakapiwa naEleazar, mwanakomana waJair (kana kuti Ben Ya’ir), kuvadziviriri veMasada. Yakanyorwa nowezvenhau womuzana ramakore rokutanga Josephus mubhuku rake The Jewish War. Neiko mutungamiriri iyeyo wechiJudha akakurudzira shamwari dzake kuuraya vazhinji nokuzviuraya, kupesana nomutemo waMwari? (Eksodho 20:13) Zvinokosha zvikuru, zivo yemigariro yacho inogona sei kukubetsera kupukunyuka munyika yanhasi ine masimba masimba?
Vaurayi veMasada
Pamberi pokutanga kwemukiro yechiJudha muna 66 N.V., varwi veRoma vakaiswa paMasada, pamusoro pegomo pakaiswa nhare pedyo neGungwa Rakafa. Kunyange zvazvo Masada yakanga iri munzvimbo iri yoga, Herodhe Mukuru akanga aita kuti imba yake yamambo yenguva yechando yakaisvonaka ivakwe ipapo. Iye akaita kuti gadziriro yokusvitsa mvura ivakwe zvokuti kunyange kushamba nemvura inopisa kwaigona kufarikanywa. Zvakakomba zvikuru, kunyanguvezvo, mukutapa kweRoma nhare yacho yaiva nezvombo zvakawanda. Apo mirangariro yokurwa navatapi veRoma veParestina yakakwira, zvombo zvakanga zviri mungozi yokupinda mumaoko avamukiri vechiJudha. Rimwe boka rakadaro rakanga riri Sicarii, kureva “vaurayi,” vanodudzwa muBhaibheri savanobatanidzwa mukumukira.—Mabasa 21:38.
Muna 66 N.V. vaurayi vakatapa Masada. Nezvombo zvavo zvakanga zvichangobva kuwanwa, ivo vakaenda kuJerusarema mukutsigira kumukira kutonga kweRoma. Kuurawa kwavarwi veRoma navamukiri vechiJudha pose pari paviri paMasada neJerusarema kwakaunza pavanhu vomunyika yavo kutsamwa kwoUmambo hweRoma. Pamberi pokuguma kwa 66 N.V., Boka reGumi nereChipiri raVarwi reRoma richitungamirirwa naCestius Gallus rakapinda muJudhea ndokugara mumusasa kunze kweJerusarema. VaRoma vakadenha guta racho pamativi ose ndokusvika pakuchera faundesheni dzokumusoro dzetembere. Kamwe kamwe Gallus akadzosa mauto ake uye nokuda kwechikonzero chisina kujeka akabva muJudhea. “Kudai bedzi iye akanga apfuurira nekomberedzo yacho nguva refu zvishomanene angadai akatapa Guta racho nokukurumidza,” chakanyora kudaro chapupu chakaona Josephus.
Asi vaRoma vakanga vasina kupedzwa. Makore mana gare gare mutungamiriri wehondo weRoma Titus akaenda kuJerusarema namapoka mana avarwi.a Nguva ino guta rose rakaparadzwa, uye Judhea rakadzorerwa mukutonga kunoshusha kweRoma. Zvose zvapera kunze kweMasada.
Vatsunga kuparadza ichi chikamu chokupedzisira chedziviso, vaRoma vakakomba nhare norusvingo rukobvu rwamabwe nemisasa misere ine rusvingo. Ivo pakupedzisira vakavaka nzvimbo yakatenuka yevhu inotungamirira kumusoro—materu akagadzirwa navanhu anotambanuka mamita 197 uye anokwira mamita 55! Paari ivo vakavaka shongwe ndokuisa nzvimbo yakatenuka yokurovera yokupwanya rusvingo rweMasada. Yaingova bedzi nhau yenguva hondo yeRoma isati yapinda ndokutapa iyi nhare yokupedzisira yeJudhea!
Nhasi mufananidzo wakajeka wemisasa yeRoma, rusvingo rwakakomba rwokukomba, uye nzvimbo yakatenuka hombe zvinopupurira kuti mukiro yechiJudha yakaguma sei. Kucherwa kwakakomba kweMasada navacheri vamatongo kwakapedzwa muna 1965. Ichitsinhira pazviwanwa, The New Encyclopædia Britannica (1987) inoti: “Rondedzero dzowezvenhau weRoma nowechiJudha Josephus, kutozosvikira panguva iyeyo manyuko bedzi ano udzame enhau yeMasada, dzakawanwa kuva dzakarurama chose chose.”
Asi navaRoma vakanga vodokupwanya masvingo, vaurayi vakaita sei kukutaura kwokuzviuraya kwaEleazar, mwanakomana waJair? Josephus anonyora, kuti: “Vose vakarasa mhuri dzavo; . . . ipapo, pashure pokunge vasarudza varume gumi nomujenya kuti vave vaurayi vavasara, mumwe nomumwe akazviradzika amene parutivi pomudzimai wake navana, uye, vachikandira maoko avo pavari, vakaratidzira huro dzavo kuavo vaifanira kuita basa rinorwadza.b Vapashure vakavauraya vose noushingi, ipapo vakatevera mutoo mumwe chetewo nokuda kwomumwe nomumwe, . . . asi muchembere, pamwe chete nomumwe . . . vakapukunyuka . . . Vanyajambwa vakasvika mazana mapfumbamwe namakumi matanhatu, kubatanidza vakadzi navana.”
Neiko mukiro yechiJudha yakaguma nenzira ine ngwavaira kwazvo? Yakava nechimwe chinhu here chokuita noupenyu norufu zvaJesu weNazareta?
[Mashoko Omuzasi]
a PaMasada, vacheri vamatongo vakawana mazana emari ane manyoro echiHebheru okuchengeta mukiro yacho, zvakadai so“Nokuda kworusununguko rweZioni” uye “Jerusarema Dzvene.” Dr. Yigael Yadin mubhuku rake Masada anotsanangura, kuti: “Mashekeri mukuwana kwedu anomirira makore ose emukiro, kuvambira pagore rokutanga kusvikira kugore rechienzi zvikuru rechishanu, gore rokupedzisira shekeri yakagadzirwa, kuwirirana negore ra 70 AD apo Tembere yeJerusarema yakaparadzwa.” Ona mari iri pamusoro apa.
b Panzvimbo yakanaka pedyo nerimwe ramasuo eMasada, zvaenga 11 zvezviumbwa zvakawanwa, nezita romusere pfupi rechiHebheru rakanyorwa pane chimwe nechimwe. Nyanzvi dzinoverengeka dzinokarakadza kuti izvozvi zvingava mijenya inonongedzerwa kwairi naJosephus. Rakanyorwa pane chimwe rakanga riri “Ben Ya’ir,” kureva kuti “mwanakomana waJairus.” “Kuwana kwaYadin mijenya, kubatanidza mumwe une zita raBen Jair pauri, kusimbiswa kwechienzi kwenhauro yaJosephus,” anodaro Louis Feldman muJosephus and Modern Scholarship.
[Mufananidzo uri pabutiro]
Masada—Chibvumikiso Chokuti Mesia Akanga Auya Here?
[Mufananidzo uri papeji 4]
Mari yechiJudha ya 67 N.V., inodudza “Gore 2” rehondo neRoma
[Kwazvakatorwa]
Pictorial Archive (Near Eastern History) Est.