Mariya (Amai vaJesu)

Tingadzidzei muBhaibheri nezvenhoroondo yaMariya?

(1) Tinowana chidzidzo chokuva vanhu vanoda kuteerera zvinenge zvataurwa naMwari achishandisa vatumwa vake kunyange tikanzwa zvichiita sezvinokangaidza kana kuti zvisingabviri.—Ruka 1:26-37.

(2) Kuva noushingi hwokutevedzera zvatinenge tadzidza nezvekuda kwaMwari, tichivimba naye zvizere. (Ona Ruka 1:38. Pana Dheuteronomio 22:23, 24 panoratidza kuti musikana wechiJudha asina kuwanikwa aiita pamuviri aigona kupinda mutsekwende.)

(3) Mwari anoda kushandisa munhu pasinei nokuti munhu akadini muupenyu.—Enzanisa Ruka 2:22-24 naRevhitiko 12:1-8.

(4) Kukoshesa zvinhu zvine chokuita nokunamata. (Ona Ruka 2:41; Mabasa 1:14. Pakanga pasina mutemo waimanikidza madzimai echiJudha kuenda nevarume vavo parwendo rurefu rwokuJerusarema kuPaseka gore negore, asi Mariya aienda.)

(5) Kukoshesa nyaya yokuzvibata.—Ruka 1:34.

(6) Kushingairira kudzidzisa vana Shoko raMwari. (Izvozvo zvinooneka pane zvaiitwa naJesu ava nemakore 12. Ona Ruka 2:42, 46-49.)

Mariya aiva mhandara zvechokwadi here paakabereka Jesu?

Ruka 1:26-31 (BUS) inoti ngirozi Gabrieri yakatumwa “kumhandara” yainzi Mariya ikataura naye mashoko okuti: “Uchava nemimba, uchazvara mwanakomana, ugomutumidza zita rinonzi Jesu.” Ru 1 Ndima 34 inoti, “Ipapo Mariya akati kumutumwa: Izvozvi zvingava seiko, zvandisingazivi murume [“Ini ndichiri mhandara,” (BR) “ini zvandisiri kurara nomurume” NW]? Mateu 1:22-25 (BUS) inowedzera kuti: “Izvozvo zvose zvakaitwa kuti zviitike zvakarehwa naShe, nomuromo womuprofita, achiti: Tarira, mhandara ichava nemimba, ichazvara mwanakomana, vachamutumidza zita rinonzi Emanueri; ndokuti kana zvichishandurwa: Mwari unesu. Zvino Josefa akamuka pahope dzake akaita sezvaakarayirwa nomutumwa waShe, akatora mukadzi wake; akasamuziva kusvikira azvara mwanakomana wake wedangwe, ndokumutumidza zita rinonzi Jesu.”

Zvingaitika here izvozvo? Zvaisamboramba kuMusiki, anova ndiye akagadzira nhengo dzokubereka nadzo, kuti aite kuti zai remudumbu raMariya riite mwana pasina murume. Jehovha akaita chishamiso chokuti upenyu uye unhu hweMwanakomana wake wedangwe wokudenga hutamire mudumbu maMariya. Simba raMwari raanoshandisa, mudzimu wake mutsvene, rakachengetedza mwana wacho achikura ari mudumbu maMariya zvokuti akazvarwa ari munhu akakwana.—Ruka 1:35; Joh. 17:5.

Mariya akazongoramba ari mhandara here?

Mateu 13:53-56, BUS: “Jesu akati apedza mifananidzo iyo, akabvapo. Akasvika kunyika yake, akavadzidzisa musinagogi ravo, nokudaro vakakatyamara, vakati: Munhu uyu wawanepiko kuchenjera uku namabasa esimba? Ko haazi mwanakomana womuvezi here? Ko mai vake havaidzwi Maria here, navanun’una vake [chiGiriki, a·del·phoiʹ] Jakobho, naJosefa, naSimoni, naJudhasi here? Nehanzvadzi dzake [chiGiriki, a·del·phaiʹ] hadzizi pakati patiri dzose here?” (Uchishandisa ndima idzi, ungati here Jesu ndiye aiva mwana waMariya oga kana kuti paivawo nevamwe vanakomana nevanasikana?)

New Catholic Encyclopedia (1967, Vol. IX, peji 337) inobvuma kuti mashoko okuti a·del·phoiʹ naa·del·phaiʹ akashandiswa pana Mateu 13:55, 56 “anoreva ukama hweropa hwevanhu vakayamwa zamu rimwe chete zvokuti vanhu vaitaura chiGiriki panguva dzakanyorwa Evhangeri vakangonzwisisa kuti ndizvo zvairehwa. Zana remakore rechina rava kunopera (c. 380) Helvidius mubhuku rake risisawaniki, akazosimbisa nyaya iyi achiratidza kuti Mariya aiva nevamwe vana saka aifanira kutevedzerwa nemadzimai ane vana vakawanda. St. Jerome, achitevedzera dzidziso yeChechi yake yokuti Mariya akaramba ari mhandara, akanyora turakiti raishora zvakanga zvanyorwa naHelvidius (A.D. 383) maaipa tsanangudzo . . . dzichiri kushandiswa nenyanzvi dzechechi yeRoma.”

Mako 3:31-35, BUS: “Zvino mai vake navanun’una vake vakauya, vakamira kunze, vakatumira nhume kwaari, kumudana. Vazhinji vakanga vagere, vakamukomba, vakati kwaari: Tarirai mai venyu navanun’una venyu nehanzvadzi dzenyu vari kunze vachikutsvakai. Akavapindura, akati: Mai vangu, navanun’una vangu ndivananiko? Zvino akaringa-ringa vanhu vakanga vagere, vakamukomba, akati: Tarirai mai vangu navanun’una vangu! Nokuti aninani unoita kuda kwaMwari, ndiye munun’una wangu, nehanzvadzi, namai.” (Pano Jesu akasiyanisa vana vaamai vake nevadzidzi vake. Hapana munhu angati pari kunzi amai vaJesu paitaurwa vamwewo vasiri mai vake chaivo. Saka kana amai vaive amai vake chaivo, ko vanun’una vangazonzi vakanga vasiri vanun’una chaivo asi kuti vaive dzimwewo hama sei? Dai parikutaurwa dzimwe hama paizoshandiswa rimwe shoko rechiGiriki [syg·genonʹ] rakashandiswa pana Ruka 21:16.)

Mariya aiva Amai vaMwari here?

Ngirozi yakamutaurira nezvechishamiso chokubereka mwanakomana haina kumuudza kuti mwana wake aizova Mwari. Yakati: “Uchava nemimba, uchazvara mwanakomana, ugomutumidza zita rinonzi Jesu. Iye achava mukuru, achanzi Mwanakomana woWokumusoro-soro. . . . Chitsvene chichaberekwa chichanzi: Mwanakomana waMwari.”—Ruka 1:31-35, BUS; tatsveyamisa mabhii.

VaHebheru 2:14, 17, BUS: “Naizvozvo, vana zvavakagoverwa ropa nenyama, naiyewo [Jesu] wakagovana navo pana izvozvo . . . Naizvozvo wakafanira kuti aenzaniswe nehama dzake pazvinhu zvose.” (Aizova sei ‘akaenzana nehama dzake pazvinhu zvose’ dai aiva Mwari?)

New Catholic Encyclopedia inoti: “Mariya ndimai vaMwari zvechokwadi kana zvinhu zviviri izvi zviri zvechokwadi zvokuti: iye ndiamai vaJesu uye kuti Jesu ndiMwari zvechokwadi.” (1967, Vol. X, peji 21) Bhaibheri rinoti Mariya ndiamai vaJesu, asi rinoti Jesu ndiMwari here? Muzana remakore rechina, Bhaibheri ranguri rapera kunyorwa, Chechi yakatanga dzidziso yoUtatu. (New Catholic Encyclopedia, 1967, Vol. XIV, peji 295; ona peji 365, pasi pomusoro wakanzi “Utatu.”) Panguva iyoyo mubumbiro redzidziso dzechechi maitaurwa nezvaJesu Kristu achinzi “Mwari chaiye.” Pashure paizvozvo, paGungano rakaitirwa kuEphesus muna 431 C.E., Chechi yakabva yazivisa kuti Mariya aive The·o·toʹkos, kureva kuti “mubereki waMwari” kana kuti “Amai vaMwari.” Zvisinei, mashoko iwayo kana kuti zvaanotaura hazviwaniki chero mushanduro ipi zvayo yeBhaibheri. (Ona mapeji 96-100, pasi pomusoro unoti “Jesu Kristu.”)

Amai vaMariya pavakabata pamuviri pake, pakaitika chishamiso here zvokuti akaberekwa asina chivi?

New Catholic Encyclopedia (1967, Vol. VII, peji 378-381) inotaura nezvematangiro akaita dzidziso iyoyo, ichiti: “ . . . Magwaro hapana paanombodzidzisa nezvechishamiso chakaitika amai vaMariya pavakabata pamuviri pake . . . Vafundisi veChechi vokutanga-tanga vaiti Mariya aiva mutsvene asi kwete kuti akanga asina kana chivi. . . . Zvakaoma kutaura musi chaiwo wakatanga dzidziso iyoyo, asi zvinoita sokuti yakatangira muzana remakore rechi8 kana kuti rechi9. . . . [Muna 1854 Pope Pius IX akarondedzera dzidziso yacho] ‘inoti Mhandara Yakakomborerwa Pane Dzose Mariya akaitwa kuti ashaye kana kachivi zvako kubvira amai vake pavakabata pamuviri pake.’” Dzidziso iyi yakatsigirwa neVatican II (1962-1965).—The Documents of Vatican II (New York, 1966), rakagadziridzwa naW. M. Abbott, S.J., peji 88.

Bhaibheri rinoti: “Saka, zvivi sezvazvakapinda munyika nomunhu mumwe [Adhamu], norufu rukapinda nezvivi; saizvozvo rufu rwakasvika kuvanhu vose, nokuti vose vakatadza.” (VaR. 5:12, BUS; tatsveyamisa mabhii.) Vanhu ava vanosanganisira Mariya here? Bhaibheri rinoti maererano nezvaidiwa noMutemo waMosesi, kwapera mazuva 40 kubva pakaberekwa Jesu, Mariya akapa chinopiwa chechivi patemberi yokuJerusarema kuti acheneswe. Iyewo akanga agara nhaka chivi nokusakwana kubva kuna Adhamu.—Ruka 2:22-24; Revh. 12:1-8.

Mariya akaenda kudenga nomuviri wake wenyama here?

New Catholic Encyclopedia (1967, Vol. I, peji 972) inotaura nezvemashoko akataurwa naPope Pius XII muna 1950 ayo akazoita kuti dzidziso iyi inyorwe senyaya mubhuku rechechi yeRoma ichiti: “MuBhaibheri hapana kana panombotaura nezveDzidziso iyi, asi Papa anosimbirira kuti idzidziso yakatorwa muMagwaro.”

Bhaibheri rinoti: “Nyama neropa hazvingagari nhaka youshe hwaMwari: nokuora hakungagari nhaka yokusaora.” (1 VaK. 15:50) Jesu akati “Mwari Mudzimu.” Pakamutswa Jesu, akatangazve kuva mudzimu, akanga ava “mudzimu unopa upenyu.” Ngirozi midzimu. (Joh. 4:24; 1 VaK. 15:45; VaH. 1:13, 14) Ko pfungwa yokuti munhu achanorarama kudenga aine muviri waanawo pasi pano inobva muMagwaro here? (Ona mapeji 311-314, pasi pomusoro unoti “Rumuko.”)

Zvakakodzera here kunyengetera kuna Mariya somurevereri?

Jesu Kristu akati: “Nyengeterai kudai: Baba vedu vari kudenga . . . ’” Akatiwo: “Ndini nzira, nezvokwadi, noupenyu; hapana munhu unouya kuna Baba, asi nokwandiri. . . . Kana muchikumbira chinhu kwandiri muzita rangu, ndichachiita.”—Mat. 6:9; Joh. 14:6, 14, BUS, tatsveyamisa mabhii.

Minyengetero yatinopa kuna Baba nokuna Jesu Kristu yaizonzwisiswa uye kugamuchirwa zviri nani here kudai taizoipa nokune mumwe munhu akambova munhukadzi? Bhaibheri rinotiudza nezvaBaba ivavo richiti: “Sokunzwira tsitsi kwababa vana vake, saizvozvo Jehovha anonzwira tsitsi vanomutya. Nokuti iye unoziva chatakaitwa nacho, anorangarira kuti tiri guruva.” Ndi“Mwari azere nyasha nengoni, anononoka kutsamwa, ane tsitsi huru.” (Pis. 103:13, 14; Eks. 34:6, BUS) Uye Bhaibheri rinoti nezvaKristu: “Hatina muprista mukuru asingagoni kutinzwira tsitsi pautera hwedu, asi akaidzwa pazvinhu zvose sesu, asina zvivi. Naizvozvo, ngatiswederei tisingatyi kuchigaro choushe chenyasha, kuti tinzwirwe ngoni, tiwane nyasha, tibatsirwe nenguva yakafanira.”—VaH. 4:15, 16, BUS.

Kunamata mifananidzo yaMariya kunoenderana here nezvinotaurwa muBhaibheri nezvevaKristu?

Tsika yacho yakatangwa neVatican II (1962-1965). “Dare rino reChechi . . . rinokurudzira vanakomana vose veChechi kuti tsika iyi, zvikurukuru tsika yokunamata Mhandara Yakakomborerwa, ikurudzirwe. Dare rino riri kuti tsika iyi yokuzvipira kwaari [Mariya] ikosheswe kwemazana emakore achatevera sezvinorumbidzwa nedare rokudzidzisa reChechi, uye kuti zvakaziviswa kare nezvokunamatwa kwaKristu, Mhandara Yakakomborerwa, uye vasande zvinyatsotevedzerwa muchechi.”—The Documents of Vatican II, mapeji 94, 95.

Kuti uone kuti Bhaibheri rinotii panyaya yacho, ona musoro wakanzi “Zvifananidzo” uri pamapeji 426-430.

Ko Mariya airemekedzwa achisiyaniswa nevamwe here muungano yechiKristu yomuzana remakore rokutanga?

Muapostora Petro haatombotauri nezvake mutsamba dzake dzakafuridzirwa. Muapostora Pauro haana kumbotaura zita rake mutsamba dzake dzakafuridzirwa asi akangomuti “mukadzi.”—VaG. 4:4.

Jesu pachake akaratidza muenzaniso sei paaitaura nezvaamai vake?

Joh. 2:3, 4, BUS: “Waini yakati ichizoshayikwa [pamuchato wokuKana], mai vaJesu vakati kwaari: Havachina waini. Jesu akati kwavari: Ndineiko nemi, mai? Nguva yangu ichigere kusvika.” (Jesu paaiva mwana aizviisa pasi paamai vake nababa vakamurera. Asi iye zvino paakanga akura akaramba zvakasimba kuudzwa zvokuita naMariya asi achipindura noruremekedzo. Mariya wacho akazvininipisa akabvuma kutsiurwa.)

Ruka 11:27, 28, BUS: “[Jesu] akati areva izvozvo, mumwe mukadzi pakati pavanhu vazhinji akadanidzira, akati kwaari: Rakaropafadzwa dumbu rakakutakurai, namazamu amakanwa. Asi iye akati: Hongu, zvikuru vakaropafadzwa vanonzwa shoko raMwari vachirichengetedza.” (Apa pangadai pakapa Jesu mukana wokuratidza kuti amai vake vanofanira kuremekedzwa kupfuura vamwe vanhu dai zvakanga zvakakodzera. Asi haana kudaro.)

Kunamatwa kwaMariya kwakambotanga sei?

Mupristi wechechi yeRoma, Andrew Greeley anoti: “Mariya ndiye mumwe wevanhu vanokosheswa zvikuru muzvitendero zvokunyika dzokuMadokero . . . Mucherechedzo waMariya wakanyatsobatana nokunamatwa kwaiitwa kare kwavanamwarikadzi.”—The Making of the Popes 1978 (U.S.A., 1979), peji 227.

Chimwe chatingada kufunga nezvacho inzvimbo yakasimbisirwa dzidziso yokuti Mariya ndiAmai vaMwari. “Dare reEphesus rakaungana muchivako cheTheotokos muna 431. Hazvingamboshamisi kuti Mariya akabva anzi ‘Mubereki waMwari’ nokuti nzvimbo iyi yazvakaitirwa ndiro guta rakanga rakakurumbira nezvokunamatwa kwaAtemisi, uyo ainzi Diana nevaRoma, raiva nechifananidzo chake chainzi chakadonha kudenga, chakaiswa mutemberi huru yakanga yakatsaurirwa kuna Magna Mater kubvira muna 330 B.C., munova ndimo makambotanga maiswa chifananidzo chaMariya.”—The Cult of the Mother-Goddess (New York, 1959), E. O. James, peji 207.

‘Munotenda muMhandara Mariya here?’

Ungapindura kuti: ‘Magwaro Matsvene anotaura zvakajeka kuti amai vaJesu Kristu vaiva mhandara, uye isu tinozvitenda. Mwari ndiye aiva Baba vake. Mwana wacho akaberekwa aiva Mwanakomana waMwari zvechokwadi, sezvakanga zvangotaurirwa Mariya nengirozi. (Ruka 1:35) Ungawedzerawo kuti: ‘Asi makambozvibvunza here nei zvaikosha zvikuru kuti Jesu aberekwe nenzira iyoyo? . . . Iyi ndiyo nzira chete yaigona kuita kuti pakwanise kuva norudzikinuro rwakakodzera rwokutisunungura muchivi norufu.—1 Tim. 2:5, 6; kana kuti ungaverengawo Johani 3:16.

Kana kuti ungati: ‘Hungu tinotenda maari. Tinotenda zvose zvinotaurwa neMagwaro Matsvene nezvake, uye zvechokwadi anotaura kuti akabereka Jesu ari mhandara. Pane zvimwewo zvinondifadza zvinotaurwa neMagwaro nezvaMariya uye zvidzidzo zvatinowana kwaari. (Enda pamashoko ari pamapeji 203, 204.)’

‘Hamutendi muMhandara Mariya’

Ungapindura kuti: ‘Ndinoziva kuti kune vamwe vanhu vasingatendi kuti Mwanakomana waMwari akaberekwa nemhandara. Asi isu tinotenda kuti ndizvo zvakaitika. (Vhura rimwe remabhuku edu panotaura nezvenyaya yacho woratidza saimba.)’ Ungawedzerawo kuti: ‘Asi pane zvimwe here zvatinofanira kuita kuti tipone? . . . Inzwai kuti Jesu akati chii paainyengetera kuna Baba vake. (Joh. 17:3)’