Masada—Chibvumikiso Chokuti Mesia Akanga Auya Here?

KUDEURA ropa muzita rorudzidziso rave riri denda rinoitika raitikazve munhau. Masada haina kusiiwa, nokuti vatsigiri vayo vaiva nesundo dzakasimba dzorudzidziso. Kana ukashanyira kuchera kwapaMasada, unogona kuona matongo esinagoge apo vaurayi vaisangana nokuda kwokunamata nokushamba kwomuitiro kwaishandiswa nokuda kwokuchenesa kworudzidziso.

Zvisaririra zveBhaibheri zvakawanwawo paMasada. Ungashamisika, kuti shoko reBhaibheri rakawanika kuvaurayi rakaenzana sei neizvo tinorava muBhaibheri nhasi? Dr. Yigael Yadin, mubhuku rake Masada, akanyora pamusoro pokuwana kwokutanga kwakadaro, kuti:

“Nzvero yokukurumidza panzvimbo yacho yakatiratidza nokukurumidza kuti pano pakanga pane chisaririra chomuBhuku raMapisarema, uye taigona kunyange kuziva maganhuro: chikamu chacho chakabva paPisarema 81 kusvika kuPisarema 85. . . . Kwakanga kuchibvira kuziva musi pasina panikiro dukusa. Kwaisagona sezvinobvira kuva pashure pegore ra 73 AD, gore Masada yakawa. . . . Ichi chikamu chomuBhuku raMapisarema, kufanana nemimwe mipumburu yamanyoro yeBhaibheri yatakawana gare gare, chakadokufanana chaizvoizvo . . . kusvikira kurugwaro rwamabhuku eBhaibheri atinoshandisa nhasi.”

Sezviri pachena, vaurayi vakadavira kuti Munyori Woumwari waMagwaro echiHebheru aizokomborera kumukira kwavaRoma. The Universal Jewish Encyclopedia inotsanangura, kuti: “Shingairo yokunyanyisa yavaJudha muHondo Huru yokurwisana neRoma (66-73 N.V.) yakasimbiswa nechitendero chavo chokuti nhambo youMesia yakanga yaswedera pedyo. Kurasikirwa neTembere kwakangowedzera bedzi fungidziro pamusoro pokuuya kwaMesia.”

Kuuya kwaMesia

“Vane mbavarira youMesia vechiJudha,” inodaro The Encyclopedia of Religion, “vaiwanzovakira kufungidzira kwavo paBhuku raDhanieri.” Chokwadi, muporofita wechiHebheru Dhanieri akadeya kutaura kuuya kwa“Mesia Mutungamiri.” (Dhanieri 9:25, NW) Mudzimwe nhauro mbiri, Dhanieri akataura kuti Mesia aizova Mutongi wenyika uye kuti Umambo Hwake hwaizoparadza hurumende dzose dzavanhu dzinoshora.—Dhanieri 2:44; 7:13, 14.

Vamukiri vechiJudha vomuzana rokutanga ramakore vakarangarira kuti nguva yakanga yasvika yezadziko yeizvi zviono zvouporofita. “Icho kupfuura zvose zvazvo chakavanyandura kuhondo,” anodaro Josephus, “chakanga chiri [chitendero] chokuti panguva iyoyo mumwe anobva kunyika yavo aizova mutongi wenyika.” Asi Dhanieri akadeya kutaura kuti Mutungamiri wouMesia anofanira kutanga ku“gurwa” uye kuti pashure porufu rwake Jerusarema netembere yaro zvaizoparadzwa na‘vanhu vomumwe mutungamiri akanga achiuya.’—Dhanieri 9:25, 26.

Mirangariro yechiJudha Yokutonga kwaVamarudzi

Judhea romuzana rokutanga ramakore rakakamuraniswa pakati pavapfumi vashomanene navarombo vazhinji. VaJudha vakapfuma, zvikurukuru pakati pavaSadhuse navaFarise, vaikoshesa simba iro Roma yakavabvumira kuva naro munyika, uye ivo vaizvidza vanhuwo zvavo. Nokudaro, ivo vaishora mufungo upi noupi wemukiro, vachishanda panzvimbo pezvo nokuda kwoukama hune rugare neRoma.—Ruka 16:14; 19:45, 46; Johane 2:14; 7:47-49; 11:47, 48.

Pane rumwe rutivi, vaJudheawo zvavo vakatambura mumutoro womutero weRoma navanhu vomunyika yavo vamene vanodzvinyirira. Ivo vaisawana nyaradzo mukuva pasi peinonzi Pax Romana (Rugare rweRoma) asi vaida chinjo. Iyi rwisano yefariro yakaguma negakava ravagari vemo rinotyisa. “Rimwe boka rakanga rakatsunga paudzori,” akanyora kudaro Josephus, “rimwe racho pamasimba masimba napakubira vapfumi.”

Vaurayi, somuenzaniso, vakapamba ndokuuraya vaJudha biyavo ndokururamisa izvi zviito zvougandanga sechirango chavaJudha avo sezvinofungidzirwa vakabatira pamwe neRoma. Mumwe rabhi womuzana ramakore rechipiri, Johanan ben Torta, akapa ichi chikonzero chengwavaira iyo yakauya pavaJudha vomuzana rokutanga ramakore: “Ivo vakachiva mari ndokuvengana.”

Hakushamisi kuti vaJudha ivavo vaitya Mwari zvirokwazvo vaishuva kuoneka kwaMesia, uyo vaikarira kuti aizopidigura kutonga kweRoma ndokutanga Umambo hwakarurama hwaMwari. Asi vanhu vasina kutendeseka vakapesvedzera idzi tariro.

Vanamesia Venhema

Munenge mugore ra 33 N.V., mumwe mutungamiri wechiJudha ainzi Gamarieri akayeuchidza vatongi biyake veJerusarema, kuti: “Kare . . . Judhasi weGarirea akamuka pamazuva okuverengwa, uye akatsausa vanhu kuti vamutevere. Asi murume iyeyo akaparara, uye navose vaimuteerera vakaparadzirwa kure.”—Mabasa 5:36, 37.

“Kuverengwa” uko kwakaguma nokumukira kwaJudhasi kwakarongwa muna 6 N.V. nokuda kwedonzo rokukwidza mitero nokuda kweRoma. Josephus anotiudza kuti Judhasi akazivisa kuti vaJudha “vakanga vari mbwende kana vakabvuma kubhadhara mitero kuvaRoma.” Zita rokuti Judhasi rinobva muzita rokuti Judha, kukarakadza kuti iye aiva worudzi kwaikarirwa kubva Mesia. (Genesi 49:10) “Kutaura kwake kwakanaka kunonyandura nomukurumbira wedzidziso dzake zvakakwevera zviverengero zvikuru kumupimo wake, navazhinji vavo iye akarangarirwa saMesia,” inodaro Cyclopædia yaMcClintock naStrong.

Cherechedza kuti Mabasa 5:37 inoshuma kuti vateveri vouyu Judhasi havana kuparara naye. Sangano rake, mukuwirirana nenyanzvi yechiJudha Gaalya Cornfeld, “rakapesvedzera zvishuvo zvikuru uye kukurudzira kariro dzamesia.” Kutaura idi, vatungamiri vaviri vavaurayi, Menahem naEleazar, vakabva kuna Judhasi iyeyo muGarirea. Pamavambo emukiro yechiJudha muna 66 N.V., Menahem akashongedza vateveri vake nezvombo zvakanga zvachengetwa paMasada. Ipapo, “iye akadzokera samambo kuJerusarema” uye “akava mutungamiri wemukiro.” “Kunodokuva kwechokwadi,” inowedzera kudaro Encyclopaedia Judaica, “kuti Menahem [mwanakomana wa]Judha akarangarirwa saMesia.”

Zvisinei, mugore iroro rimene, Menahem akapondwa nemitezo yesangano rinomukira rechiJudha rinokwikwidza. Vateveri vake vakatiza vachidzokera kuMasada, uko Eleazar akadzora vaurayi kutozosvikira kuna 73 N.V. Kutaura kwokuzviuraya kwaEleazar kunoratidzira dzidziso dzakaipa dzasekuru vake Judhasi: “Kare, shamwari dzangu dzakashinga, takasarudza kusabatira vaRoma kana kuti ani naani zvake asi Mwari bedzi.”

Kusatora Rutivi kwamaKristu eJudhea

Pamberi pemukiro yechiJudha muna 66 N.V., ungano dzechiKristu dzakanga dzatangwa muJudhea, kubatanidza, chokwadi, ungano yeJerusarema. (Mabasa 9:31) Idzodzi dzakanga dzakaumbwa navaJudha vaidavira kuti Jesu weNazareta akanga ari Mesia ane rufu norumuko zvakanga zvadeya kutaurwa. (Mabasa 2:22-36) MaKristu echiJudha akaparadzira nokushingaira zvitendero zvawo, apo aimirira norugare kuuya kwechipiri kwaMesia, somutongi wenyika. Jesu akanga aratidzira kuti aizodzokera “pashure penguva refu.”—Mateo 25:19, 31; 28:19, 20; Mabasa 1:8-11.

Asi apo bedzi mukiro yechiJudha yakatanga muna 66 N.V., chii chakadzivirira maKristu iwayo eJudhea pakutakurwa nebudiriro yayo yapakuvamba? Iwo pasina panikiro akayeuka nyevero yaTenzi wawo: “Vose vanobata munondo, vachafa nomunondo.” (Mateo 26:52) Jesu akanga avapawo murangariro wakadzikama wechiremera chehurumende yaVamarudzi. “Ipai Kesari zvaKesari,” iye akadaro, “naMwari zvaMwari.” (Marko 12:17) Kupfuurirazve, Jesu akanga adeya kutaura kuti vanyengeri voumesia vaizouya, vachiti, “‘Ndini iye,’ uye, ‘Nguva yakafanira yasvika,’” asi akanyevera, kuti: “Musavatevera.”—Ruka 21:8, NW.

Jesu akanga atodeya kutaura muuyo wemukiro yechiJudha, achiti: “Zvino kana muchiona Jerusarema rakombwa nehondo, zivai kuti rodokuparadzwa. Musi uyo vari muJudhea ngavatizire kumakomo; navari pakati paro ngavabude; navari kuruwa ngavarege kupindamo. . . . Nokuti kutambudzika kukuru kuchavapo panyika, nokutsamwa pamusoro pavanhu ivavo. Vachaparadzwa nomuromo womunondo, nokutapwa kumarudzi ose.”—Ruka 21:20-24.

Ukuru hunotyisa hworuparadziko urwo rwakatevera mukiro yechiJudha yakanga iri zadziko inoshamisa youporofita hwaJesu! Bva, maKristu eJudhea akapukunyuka kupfurikidza no“kutizira kumakomo” nenzira yokuteerera. “Pamberi pekomberedzwo yeJerusarema yakaitwa naTitus [muna 70 N.V.],” inodaro Encyclopaedia Judaica, “nzanga yayo yechiKristu yakatamira kuPella.” Nenzira inofadza, Pella yakanga iri kuchamhembe, mujinga medungwerungwe mhiri kwoRwizi rwaJoridhani naizvozvo yakanga yakaparadzaniswa chose chose neJudhea noMupata waJoridhani. “Kwakaoma kutsanangura uku kupukunyuka kana uporofita [hwaJesu] hwakanyorwa pashure pechinoitika chacho,” anodaro G. A. Williamson musumo yake kuJosephus—The Jewish War.

Zvamazvirokwazvo, kupukunyuka kunobudirira kwamaKristu eJudhea ufakazi hwakasimba hwokuti iwo akanga ari vateveri vaMesia wechokwadi. Ikoku kunomutsa mibvunzo inokosha. Chii chakanga chiri donzo rokuuya kwokutanga kwaMesia? Uye inyeveroi iyo mukiro yechiJudha ine ngwavaira inozivisa nokuda kwedu nhasi, zvikurukuru chikamu chorudzi rwomunhu chinonzi “chechiKristu”? Iyi mibvunzo ichakurukurwazve mumagazini ino.