Babulo Wamkulu Wakugwa Ndipo Woweruzidwa

“IYE wagwa! Babulo Wamkulu wagwa, iye amene anapangitsa mitundu yonse kumwako vinyo wa mkwiyo wa chigololo chake!” “Babulo Wamkulu wagwa, nusandulika mokhalamo ziwanda, ndi mosungiramo mizimu yonse yonyansa, ndi mosungiramo mbalame zonse zonyansa ndi zodanidwa.”​—Chibvumbulutso 14:8, NW; 18:2.

Ndi ulosi wosangalatsa chotani nanga! “Babulo Wamkulu wagwa!” Kwa zaka mazana angapo ndemanga yophiphiritsira imeneyi yazizwitsa ophunzira a Baibulo. Nchifukwa ninji iyenera kukusangalatsani? Chifukwa chakuti, mogwirizana ndi ulosi wa Baibulo, kugwa kwa Babulo Wamkulu kudzayambukira mtundu wonse wa anthu posachedwapa. Monga mmene tawonera m’makope a April 1 ndi April 15 a magazini ino, mkazi wachigololo wosonkhezera ameneyu wazindikiritsidwa mowonekera bwino kukhala ulamuliro wa dziko wa Satana wa chipembedzo chonyenga.a

Koma ndi m’njira yotani mmene iye wagwera? Ndipo liti?

Babulo Wakugwa koma Wosawonongeka

Kuti tipeze kuzindikirika kokwanira kwa kugwa kwa Babulo Wamkulu, tiyenera kumvetsetsa chimene chinachitika pamene Babulo wakale anagwa mu 539 B.C.E. Pa nthaŵi imeneyo anthu a Mulungu, Israeli, anali mu ukapolo kwa chifupifupi zaka 70. Tsopano ankayembekezera kumasulidwa m’chigwirizano ndi mawu a aneneri awo. (Yeremiya 25:11, 12; 29:10) Ndi osangalatsidwa chotani nanga mmene ayenera kukhala analiri pamene Koresi wa ku Perisiya anapangitsa kugwa kwa Babulo ndi kumasula Ayuda kubwerera ku mzinda wawo woyera, Yerusalemu!​—Yesaya 45:1-4.

Ngakhale kuli tero, ngakhale kuti mphamvu ya Babulo pa Ayuda inaswedwa, sichinatanthauze mapeto a Babulo wakale. Katswiri wa mbiri yakale Joan Oates akulemba m’bukhu lake lakuti Babylon: “Koresi analoŵa mu Babulo m’chipambano, analetsa kufunkha ndi kuika bwanamkubwa wa ku Perisiya, akumasiya osasokonezeka magulu a chipembedzo ndi bungwe la lamulo. . . . Ndithudi cha pamwamba miyoyo ya mseri ya nzika za Chibabulo inawonekera kukhala inasintha mochepera pang’ono pansi pa kulamulira kwa m’Perisiya. Mitundu ya chipembedzo inasungiliridwa ndipo machitachita a zamalonda anapita patsogolo.” Chotero, mosasamala kanthu za kugwa kwake, Babulo anapitirizabe kugwira ntchito, koma ndi kusiyana kumodzi kwakukulu​—anthu a Mulungu, Israeli, sanasungidwenso mu ukapolo. Iwo anabwerera ku Yerusalemu kukabwezeretsa kulambira kowona kumeneko.

Chifupifupi 331 B.C.E. pamene kazembe wa Chigriki Alexander Wamkulu analoŵa mu Babulo, iye anapatsidwa kulonjeredwa kotentha ndi nzikazo. Iye anagamulapo kuti anafuna kutembenuza iwo mu mzinda wake waukulu wa kum’mawa, koma anamwalira asanakwaniritse zikhumbo zake. Ichi chikusonyeza kuti Babulo anapambanabe pa nthaŵi imeneyo.

Chotero, kugwa kwa Babulo mu 539 B.C.E. sikunatanthauze kuti iye analeka kukhalako. Iye anapitirizabe kugwira ntchito kwa zaka mazana angapo. Ndimotani mmene ichi chawunikiridwira m’kukwaniritsidwa kwamakono kwa maulosi ophatikizapo Babulo Wamkulu?

Babulo Wamkulu Akugwa

Iye ali ndi kufanana nako kwake m’kugwa kwa Babulo Wamkulu wophiphiritsira, ulamuliro wa dziko wa chipembedzo chonyenga. M’mbali yoyambirira ya zana lathu la 20 isanafike 1919, Ophunzira Baibulo, monga mmene Mboni za Yehova zinkadziŵikira pa nthaŵiyo, anafunikira kumasulidwa kuchoka mu mkhalidwe wa ukapolo wa malingaliro ndi machitachita a chipembedzo chonyenga. Ngakhale kuti anali atakana ziphunzitso zonyenga zoterozo zonga ngati Utatu ndi kusafa kwa moyo, iwo anali oipitsidwabe ndi machitachita a Chibabulo. Ambiri anali atakulitsa mkhalidwe wa kudzilungamitsa mu mkhalidwe wodzetsedwa. Ena ankakweza zolengedwa, kumwerekera m’ziphunzitso zaumwini zomwe zinalunjikitsa pa Charles T. Russell, prezidenti woyamba wa Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society. Popanda maziko aliwonse a m’Baibulo, iwo ankasunga masiku akubadwa ndi Krisimasi. Mtanda unali udakali wotchuka m’kulingalira kwawo. Ena anakhoza ngakhale kuvala chiphiphiritso cha mtanda wokhala ndi chisoti chaufumu, pamene kuli kwakuti ena anafunafuna ulemu woperekedwa ku Chikristu cha Dziko. Kenaka, mu 1917, mwamsanga pambuyo pa imfa ya Russell, kusintha kowonekera kunayamba kuchitika.

M’chaka chimenecho Watch Tower Society inafalitsa kuchitira ndemanga pa Chivumbulutso pansi pa mutu wakuti The Finished Mystery. Bukhu limeneli linavumbula atsogoleri a chipembedzo a Chikristu cha Dziko, kuphatikizapo kudziloŵetsa kwawo mu Nkhondo Yaikulu yomwe panthaŵiyo inkamenyedwa mu Europe. Ena a atsogoleri a chipembedzo a Chiprotestanti, mbali ya oimira a Babulo Wamkulu mu Canada, anatenga mawu ogwidwa amenewa kwa akazi awo a ndale zadziko mu boma la Canada ndi kutsutsa Ophunzira Baibulo kukhala onyenga. Pa February 12, 1918, Watch Tower Society inaletsedwa mu Cananda.

Atsogoleri a chipembedzo mu United States sanali ochedwa kutsatira chitsanzo cha abale awo a ku Canada. Mkati mwa masiku owerengeka, zofalitsidwa za Watch Tower Bible zinalandidwa mu Los Angeles, California, U.S.A. Kenaka, mu May 1918, zilolezo zinaperekedwa kaamba ka kumangidwa kwa J. F. Rutherford, prezidenti watsopano wa Watch Tower Society, ndi oyanjana nawo ena asanu ndi aŵiri a Watch Tower. Mu June, ndi kusintha kodabwitsa, amuna Achikristu amenewa anaperekedwa pamaso pa bwalo lamilandu ndi kukanidwa. Asanu ndi aŵiri anaweruzidwa kukakhala zaka 20 m’ndende yokhaulitsira, ndipo mmodzi ku zaka 10. Nchiyani chomwe chinali chivomerezo cha atsogoleri a chipembedzo? Martin Marty akulongosola mu bukhu lake Modern American Religion: The Irony of It All: “Atsogoleri a chipembedzo anatembenuka motsutsana ndi Arussell [pambuyo pake odzadziŵika kukhala Mboni za Yehova] ndipo anasangalala kumva kuti ziweruzo za zaka makumi aŵiri zinkaperekedwa pa atsogleri a Mboni za Yehova oweruzidwawo.” Oimira a Babulo Wamkulu ankaseka. Anaiwala kuti uja yemwe amaseka potsirizira ndi yemwe amaseka bwino koposa.

Chotero, mu 1918, ukapolo wophiphiritsira mu Babulo unakhalanso kuikidwa m’ndende kwenikweni kwa ena a anthu a Yehova. Mkuntho wa chizunzo cha Ophunzira Baibulo unasesa modutsa United States, Canada, ndi maiko ena. Atsogoleri a chipembedzo a utundu analinganiza magulu kuwapitikitsa iwo kunja kwa matauni. Ophunzira Baibulo anapakidwa phula ndi kuikidwa nthenga ndi kumenyedwa ndi zibonga. Mbiri yochititsa manyazi ya kupanda chilungamo inakhazikitsidwa motsutsana ndi ochepera ang’ono amenewa a Akristu owona mtima.b

Kenaka, mu 1919, kutembenuka kwa zochitika kosayembekezeredwa kunachitika. Nkhondo Yaikulu inali inatha mu November 1918. Ziweruzo zotsutsana ndi akuluakulu a Watch Tower Society zinachitiridwa apilu kukhala kuchitidwa mosalungama. Ku kuipidwa kwa adani awo a chipembedzo, Rutherford ndi anzake anamasulidwa kuchoka m’ndende. Monga mmene Marty akulongosolera: “Panalibe kusangalala kochitidwa ndi ziŵalo za tchalitchi cha orthodox.” Potsirizira pake, ozengedwa mlandu onsewo anamasulidwa kotheratu. Woweruza wa chikhoterero cholakwika wa Chikatolika, Martin T. Manton, yemwe pambuyo pake anapangidwa kukhala “ngwazi ya lamulo ya St. Gregory the Great” ndi Papa Pius XI, anali anakana kumasulidwa kwa Mboni zisanu ndi zitatu ndipo chotero anapangitsa kuikidwa kwawo m’ndende kosalungama kwa miyezi isanu ndi inayi. Zikhoterero zake zenizeni zinasonyezedwa pambuyo pake, mu 1939, pamene anatumizidwa ku ndende chifukwa chogulitsa ziphuphu!

Pa kumasulidwa kwawo kuchoka m’ndende mu 1919, Rutherford ndi oyanjana nawo anzake anabwerera ku malikulu a Brooklyn a Watch Tower Society. Iwo kenaka anakhazikitsa kulinganizanso kaamba ka ndawala yaikulu koposa ya kulalikira Ufumu imene dziko silinawonepo ndi kale lonse. Ophunzira Baibulo anali atathetsa mantha a kuwopa munthu ndipo tsopano anawona mowonekera kumene iwo anaima m’chigwirizano ndi chipembedzo chonyenga chonse. Babulo Wamkulu anali mdani wawo wosalekeza ndipo akafunikira kuvumbulidwa kukhala wakugwa. Kulambira kowona kunafunikira kubwezeretsedwa pakati pa mitundu.

Akristu opanda mantha amenewo anakulitsa utumiki wawo wa kunyumba ndi nyumba. Iwo anafalikiranso poyera, kuvumbula chipembedzo chonyenga ndi zikwangwani zomwe zinati: “Chipembedzo Chiri Msampha ndi Malonda” ndi, “Tumikirani Mulungu ndi Kristu Mfumu.” Chipembedzo chonyenga chinapitirizabe kufalikira ndi kugwira ntchito, monga momwe chinachitira mu Babulo wakale, koma m’chigwirizano ndi Mboni za Yehova, Babulo Wamkulu anagwa mu 1919. Iwo anali omasuka kuchoka ku kudidikizidwa kwa Chibabulo!

Chisonkhezero Chotopa Cha Babulo

Tsopano, zaka 70 pambuyo pake, tingawone kuti m’mbali zambiri za dziko lapansi, chisonkhezero cha Babulo Wamkulu chatopa. Zowona, chipembedzo chikuwonekerabe kukhala chikupita patsogolo mu United States, kumene chigawo cha zamalingaliro koposa cha kutchuka chikudyereredwa ndi alengezi a pa TV ndi akatswiri a zamaganizo a chipembedzo. Komabe, ngakhale ena a onyenga okonda chuma cha kuthupi amenewa posachedwapa avumbulidwa ndi kuchotseredwa ulemerero. Chipembedzo chikuwonekera kukhala chikupambana mu Ripabuliki ya Korea, kumene matchalitchi a Chikristu cha Dziko akhala oloŵetsedwamo mwakuya mu ndale zadziko. Mwachiwonekere, Babulo Wamkulu, ngakhale kuti ali “wakugwa,” akugwirabe ntchito.

M’kuwuka kwa nkhondo za dziko, ngakhale kuli tero, chipembedzo cha orthodox chataikiridwa unyinji wake otsatira m’maiko ongo ngati Germany, Denmark, Sweden, ndi Britain. Ngakhale maiko a Chikatolika onga ngati Italy, Spain, ndi France awona kutsika mu machitachita a mwambo a Chikatolika a kulapa ndi kupezeka pa Misa. Ziŵerengero za awo ophunzira kaamba ka unsembe zatsika. Ndipo chenicheni chakuti papa yemwe alipo akuwona chifuno cha kuchezera dziko kuposa papa wina aliyense mu mbiri yakale chiri chizindikiro cha tchalitchi chokhala mu vuto.

Kuwonjezerapo, chiyambire 1917 maiko ambiri a chisosholisiti aika chipembedzo ku thayo lochepera ndi kudulako chisonkhezero chake chakale cha ndale zadziko. Pa mlingo wa dziko, chipembedzo cha mwambo chidakalibe chochititsa cha chidani chokulira ndi kukhetsa mwazi kotero kuti anthu ambiri oganiza bwino achoka ku chipembedzo chonse, kaya cha Kumadzulo kapena Kum’mawa. Inde, madzi ophiphiritsira pamene Babulo Wamkulu akukhala, anthu omwe ali pansi pa kulamulira kwake, akuphwa. Babulo Wamkulu akuweruzidwa, ndipo kuphedwa kwake kuli pafupi.​—Chibvumbulutso 16:12; 17:1, 15.

Babulo​—Chifukwa Chimene Waweruzidwira

Ndi maziko otani amene Yehova ali nawo a kuweruzira ulamuliro wa dziko wa chipembedzo chonyenga? Motsimikizirika, ena angaganize kuti, iye ayenera kuwona ndi chiyanjo masukulu onse, zipatala, ndi ntchito zaufulu zimene zipembedzo zosiyanasiyana zachilikiza. Koma ndimotani mmene zonsezo zimagwirizanira motsutsana ndi kuweruza kumene Yehova waika motsutsana ndi zipembedzo za dziko? Tiyeni tisanthule mwachidule kuweruza kumeneko ndi mbiri ya chipembedzo.c

“Ndipo anadza mmodzi mwa angelo asanu ndi aŵiri akukhala nazo mbale zisanu ndi ziŵiri, nalankhula ndi ine, nanena, Idza kuno, ndidzakuwonetse chitsutso cha mkazi wachigololo wamkulu, wakukhala pa madzi ambiri, amene mafumu a dziko anachita chigololo naye, ndipo iwo akukhala padziko analedzera ndi vinyo wa chigololo chake.” (Chibvumbulutso 17:1, 2) Monga mmene tasonyezera mowonekera bwino m’makope athu a April 1 ndi April 15, 1989, kugwirizana kwa chipembedzo ndi olamulira a mitundu, “mafumu a dziko,” ku kusakazidwa kwa anthu kupyola m’mbiri yakale, kungayerekezedwe ndi mkhalidwe wa kufunafuna kwaumwini, kwa mkazi wachigololo wochita dama. Koma kuweruzidwa kukupitirizabe.

“Ndipo ndinawona mkazi woledzera ndi mwazi wa oyera mtima, ndi mwazi wa mboni za Yesu.” “Ndipo momwemo munapezedwa mwazi wa aneneri ndi oyera mtima, ndi onse amene anaphedwa padziko.” (Chibvumbulutso 17:6; 18:24) Liwongo la mwazi liyenera kuweruzidwa motsutsana ndi Babulo Wamkulu chifukwa cha kupha kwake Akristu owona mkati mwa mazana, kuphatikizapo oŵerengeka omwe anayesera kutembenuzira Baibulo m’chinenero cha anthu wamba, ndiponso ambiri amene anayesera kukhala nalo ndi kuŵerenga Baibulo. Babulo Wamkulu alinso wa liwongo la mwazi chifukwa cha Akristu owona omwe aphedwera chikhulupiriro posachedwa kwenikweni m’ndende ndi misasa yachibalo, kaya pansi pa Chinazi, Chifascist, kapena ulamuliro wotsendereza ufulu wina. Dziŵanti kuti liwongo likulozera kwa “onse amene anaphedwa padziko,” chimene chikaphatikiza mazana a mamiliyoni pa dziko lonse omwe afa m’nkhondo ndi kukanthana m’banja komwe kwamenyedwa kupyola m’mbiri yakale yonse ndi anthu odzinenera kukhala achipembedzo.​—Yerekezani ndi Mateyu 23:34-36; 2 Timoteo 3:5.

Kuweruza kwa Mulungu kwa Babulo Wamkulu kukupereka mbali ina ya liwongo lake. Chiweruzocho chikulongosola kuti: “Ndi nyanga zako mitundu yonse inasokeretsedwa.” (Chibvumbulutso 18:23) Mosangalatsa, “nyanga” kuli kutembenuza kwa liwu la Chigriki lakuti phar·ma·ki’a, lomwe “poyambirira limatanthauza kugwiritsira ntchito kwa mankhwala, anam’goneka, kuwombeza; kenaka, kuthira mankhwala; kenaka, kubwebweta.”d M’lingaliro lauzimu, chipembedzo chonyenga chathira mankhwala amitundu, kuwasokeretsa iwo m’kukhulupirira mwa milungu yonyenga ndi ziphunzitso zomwe zapatutsa chisamaliro chawo kuchoka kwa Yehova ndi nkhani ya ulamuliro wa chilengedwe cha ponseponse. Ndi ziphunzitso zake zolakwa za kusafa kwa moyo, chipembedzo chonyenga chinakhazikitsanso maziko a kukhulupilira mizimu kwa mtundu uliwonse ndi kubwebweta, chikumawuzira kuwopa akufa ndi kulambira makolo. Kukana kwa Mulungu kwa Babulo Wamkulu kuli kolungamitsidwa kotheratu. Monga mmene Yohane analembera kuti: “Pakuti machimo ake anaunjikizana kufikira m’mwamba, ndipo Mulungu anakumbuka zosalungama zake.”​—Chibvumbulutso 18:5.

Nchiyani Chimene Tiyenera Kuchita?

M’chiyang’aniro cha mkhalidwe wakugwa wa Babulo Wamkulu ndi mkhalidwe wake woweruzidwa, nchiyani chimene okonda chowonadi owona mtima ayenera kuchita tsopano? Ulosi wa Yesaya m’chigwirizano ndi Babulo wakale umagwira ntchito ngakhale ndi mphamvu yokulira m’chigwirizano ndi chipembedzo chonyenga lerolino: “Chokani inu, chokani inu, turukani ku Babulo; musakhudze kanthu kodetsa; turukani pakati pake, khalani okonzeka, inu amene munyamula zotengera za Yehova.” (Yesaya 52:11) Chiitano chofulumira chimenechi chimafanana ndi chija cha pa Chibvumbulutso 18:4, NW: “Ndipo ndinamva mawu ena ochokera kumwamba akuti: ‘Turukani mwa iye [Babulo Wamkulu], anthu anga, ngati simufuna kugawana naye machimo ake, ndipo ngati simufuna kulandira mbali ya miliri yake.’”

Inde, iri nthaŵi ya kuthetsa kuyanjana kulikonse ndi chipembedzo chonyenga. Koma titatuluka mu Babulo Wamkulu, nkuti kumene tiyenera kupita? Ku kulambira kowona kwa Yehova m’kuyanjana ndi mboni zake. Kalekale, mamiliyoni kuchokera ku mitundu yonse ya dziko lapansi akuthaŵira ku “phiri la Yehova” lophiphiritsira. Inu nanunso mukuitanidwa kuphunzira Baibulo ndi Mboni za Yehova ndi kugwirizana m’kulambira kowona kumeneku.​—Yesaya 2:2-4; 43:10-12.

Tsopano funso likukhala, Ngati Babulo Wamkulu wagwa ndipo waweruzidwa, nchiyani chomwe chiri chotsatira pa ndandanda yaumulungu? Nchiyani chomwe chidzachitika ku ulamuliro wa dziko wa chipembedzo chonyenga wa Satana? Kope lathu lotsatira, la May 15, lidzafufuza funso limenelo m’chigwirizano ndi ulosi wa Baibulo.

[Mawu a M’munsi]

[Chithunzi patsamba 7]

Ngakhale kuti Babulo anagwa mu 539 B.C.E., iye anapitirizabe kugwira ntchito monga mzinda kwa zaka mazana angapo