Izifundo Ezisekelwe KwiZibhalo Eziphefumlelweyo Nemvelaphi Yazo

Isifundo 3—Ukuhlola Iziganeko Kumsinga Wexesha

Apha kuxutyushwa ngendlela elalibalwa ngayo ixesha ngemihla yokubhalwa kweBhayibhile nangobalo-maxesha lweziganeko eziphawulekayo zeZibhalo zesiHebhere nezesiGrike.

 1. (a) Yintoni ebonisa ukuba uYehova ungumgcini-xesha obalaseleyo? (b) Yiyiphi inkqubela eyenziweyo ekuqondeni ubalo-maxesha lweBhayibhile?

XA SASIBONISA uDaniyeli umbono ‘wokumkani wasentla nokumkani wasezantsi,’ kangangezihlandlo eziliqela isithunywa sezulu sikaYehova sasebenzisa ibinzana elithi ‘ixesha elimisiweyo.’ (Dan. 11:6, 27, 29, 35) Kukwakho nezinye izibhalo ezininzi ezibonisa ukuba uYehova ungumgcini-xesha obalaseleyo, ophumeza iinjongo zakhe kanye ngexesha elimisiweyo. (Luka 21:24; 1 Tes. 5:1, 2) KwiLizwi lakhe, iBhayibhile, uye wanikela “imiqondiso” eliqela esinceda sikwazi ukufumana iziganeko ezibalulekileyo kumsinga wexesha. Kuye kwenziwa inkqubela ephawulekayo ekuqondeni ubalo-maxesha lweBhayibhile. Uphando olwenziwe ngabembi bezinto zakudala nangabanye abantu ngokuqhubekayo lukhanyisa iingxaki ezahlukahlukeneyo, lusenza sikwazi ukuqonda ixesha leziganeko eziphawulekayo zengxelo yeBhayibhile.—IMize. 4:18.

 2. Nika umzekelo wokubala ngamanani aziiordinal.

² Amanani Aziiordinal Naziicardinal. Kwisifundo esandulelayo (kwisiqendu 24 nesama-25), sifunde ukuba kukho umahluko phakathi kwamanani aziicardinal naziiordinal. Oku kufanele kukhunjulwe xa kubalwa amaxesha eBhayibhile ngokuvisisana neendlela zokubala iminyaka zale mihla. Ngokomzekelo, xa kubhekiselwa ‘kumnyaka wamashumi omathathu anesixhenxe wokufuduswa kukaYehoyakim ukumkani wakwaYuda,’ ibinzana elithi “wamashumi omathathu anesixhenxe” linani eliyiordinal. Limela iminyaka engama-36 epheleleyo kuquka iintsuku, iiveki, okanye iinyanga ezithile (naliphi na ixesha elidlulileyo emva kokuphela konyaka wama-36).—Yer. 52:31.

 3. (a) Ziziphi iingxelo zeSizwe ezisinceda siqonde ubalo lweBhayibhile lweminyaka? (b) Wawuyintoni unyaka wokulawula, ibe uyintoni owokubekwa kothile etroneni?

³ Iminyaka Yokulawula Neyokubekwa Etroneni. IBhayibhile ithetha ngeengxelo zeSizwe zorhulumente wakwaYuda nowakwaSirayeli, kwanangemicimbi yeSizwe yaseBhabhiloni neyasePersi. Kuzo zonke ezi zikumkani zine, ubalo-maxesha lweSizwe lwalusenziwa ngokuchanileyo ngokolawulo lookumkani, ibe le nkqubo ifanayo yokubala iye yasetyenziswa naseBhayibhileni. Phantse ngalo lonke ixesha iBhayibhile inikela igama lomthombo ekucatshulwa kuwo, njengokuthi, ngokomzekelo, ‘incwadi yemicimbi kaSolomon.’ (1 Kum. 11:41) Ixesha lokulawula kokumkani othile laligubungela inxalenye yonyaka awabekwa ngawo etroneni, kulandele inani elipheleleyo leminyaka yokulawula kwakhe. Iminyaka yokulawula yayiyiminyaka esemthethweni yokuba ngukumkani ibe yayidla ngokubalwa ukususela kuNisan ukusa komnye uNisan, okanye ukususela entwasahlobo ukusa kwenye intwasahlobo. Xa athe ukumkani wabekwa etroneni emva komnye, iinyanga eziphakathi ukususela ngelo xesha de kufike inyanga enguNisan kwintwasahlobo elandelayo kwakubhekiselwa kuzo njengonyaka wokubekwa kwakhe etroneni, ekwakusithi ebudeni bawo agqibezele ixesha lokulawula lomanduleli wakhe. Noko ke, elakhe ixesha lokulawula elisemthethweni lalibalwa njengeliqalisa ngoNisan 1 olandelayo.

 4. Bonisa indlela olunokusetyenziswa ngayo ubalo-maxesha lweBhayibhile ngokweminyaka yokulawula.

⁴ Ngokomzekelo, kubonakala ukuba uSolomon waqalisa ukulawula kwixesha elithile ngaphambi koNisan wowe-1037 B.C.E., ngoxa uDavide wayesaphila. Kungekudala emva koko, uDavide wafa. (1 Kum. 1:39, 40; 2:10) Noko ke, unyaka wokugqibela wokulawula kukaDavide waqhubeka ukuya kuthi ga kwintwasahlobo yowe-1037 B.C.E., lonke elo xesha libalwa njengenxalenye yolawulo lwakhe lweminyaka engama-40. Unyaka ongaphelelanga, osusela ekuqaliseni kolawulo lukaSolomon ukuya kwintwasahlobo yowe-1037 B.C.E., kubhekiselwa kuwo njengonyaka wokubekwa kukaSolomon etroneni, ibe awunakubalwa njengonyaka wokulawula kwakhe, njengoko wayesazalisela uyise ixesha lakhe lolawulo. Ngoko ke, unyaka wokuqala ozeleyo wokulawula kaSolomon waqalisa ngoNisan we-1037 B.C.E. (1 Kum. 2:12) Ekugqibeleni, uSolomon walawula njengokumkani iminyaka ezeleyo engama-40. (1 Kum. 11:42) Ngokuyahlula ngale ndlela iminyaka yokulawula neminyaka yokubekwa komntu etroneni, ubalo-maxesha lweBhayibhile lungenziwa ngokuchanileyo.a

UKUBALA UKUSA EMVA EKUDALWENI KUKA-ADAM

 5. Ufunyanwa njani unyaka wokubuyiselwa konqulo lukaYehova eYerusalem?

⁵ Ukususela Kunyaka Obalulekileyo Ophawula Ixesha. Unyaka obalulekileyo ophawula ixesha onokusetyenziswa ekubaleni ukusa emva ekudalweni kuka-Adam ngulowo wokuphelisa kukaKoreshi umnombo wookumkani baseBhabhiloni, owama-539 B.C.E.b UKoreshi wakhupha umyalelo wakhe wokukhululwa kwamaYuda ebudeni bonyaka wakhe wokuqala, ngaphambi kwentwasahlobo yowama-537 B.C.E. UEzra 3:1 unikela ingxelo yokuba oonyana bakaSirayeli babebuyele eYerusalem ngenyanga yesixhenxe, uTishri, engqamana nenxalenye ethile kaSeptemba nekaOktobha. Ngoko ukwindla lowama-537 B.C.E. lugqalwa njengexesha lokubuyiselwa konqulo lukaYehova eYerusalem.

 6. (a) Liliphi ixesha elalixelwe kwangaphambili elaphela ekwindla lowama-537 B.C.E.? (b) Kumele ukuba laliqale nini elo xesha, ibe izibakala zikuxhasa njani oku?

⁶ Oku kubuyiselwa konqulo lukaYehova ekwindla lowama-537 B.C.E. kwaphawula isiphelo sexesha elaliprofetiwe. Liphi ixesha? Lelo ‘leminyaka emashumi asixhenxe’ ekwakuya kuthi ebudeni bayo iLizwe Ledinga ‘libharhe’ naleyo uYehova wathi ngayo, “Xenikweni iBhabheli izaliselwe iminyaka emashumi asixhenxe, ndiya kunivelela, ndilimilise kuni ilizwi lam elilungileyo, lokunibuyisela kule ndawo.” (Yer. 25:11, 12; 29:10) UDaniyeli, owayeqhelene kakuhle nesi siprofeto, wenza ngokuvisisana naso njengoko “iminyaka emashumi asixhenxe” yayisondela esiphelweni. (Dan. 9:1-3) Ngoko, “iminyaka emashumi asixhenxe” eyaphela ekwindla lowama-537 B.C.E. kumele ukuba yaqala ekwindla lowama-607 B.C.E. Izibakala ziyakungqinela oku. UYeremiya isahluko 52 uchaza iziganeko eziphawulekayo zokungqingwa kweYerusalem, ukungenela kwamaBhabhiloni nokubanjwa kukaKumkani uZedekiya ngowama-607 B.C.E. Ngoko, njengoko indinyana 12 ibonisa, “ngenyanga yesihlanu, ngosuku lweshumi” oko kukuthi, usuku lweshumi luka-Abhi (ongqamana nenxalenye ethile kaJulayi noAgasti), amaBhabhiloni ayitshisa itempile neso sixeko. Noko ke, eli yayingekabi lilo ixesha lokuqalisa ‘kweminyaka emashumi asixhenxe.’ Ubukhosi bolawulo lwamaYuda babusesezandleni zomntu othile ogama linguGedaliya, lowo ukumkani waseBhabhiloni wayemmisele njengomlawuli wemimandla yamaYuda eyayisele. “Ngenyanga yesixhenxe,” uGedaliya nabanye abathile bagwintwa, ukuze amaYuda awayesasele asabele eYiputa ngenxa yoloyiko. Kwaba ngelo xesha ke, ukususela malunga no-Oktobha 1, 607 B.C.E., elathi elo lizwe ngokupheleleyo ‘laba senkangala ukuze ke kuzalisekiswe iminyaka emashumi asixhenxe.’—2 Kum. 25:22-26; 2 Kron. 36:20, 21.

 7. (a) Inokubalwa njani iminyaka kubuyelwa umva ekwahlulahlulweni kobukumkani emva kokufa kukaSolomon? (b) Isiprofeto sikaHezekile sikuxhasa ngayiphi ingongoma oku?

⁷ Ukususela kowama-607 B.C.E. kuse kowama-997 B.C.E. Ukubala eli xesha kubuyelwa emva ukususela ekuweni kweYerusalem kuse kwixesha lokwahlulwahlulwa kobukumkani emva kokufa kukaSolomon kubangela iingxaki ezininzi. Noko ke, ukuthelekisa iminyaka yolawulo lookumkani bakwaSirayeli neyabo bakwaYuda njengoko ibhalwe kweyokuQala neyesiBini yooKumkani kubonisa ukuba esi sihlandlo sexesha sigubungela iminyaka engama-390. Isiprofeto sikaHezekile 4:1-13 sibubungqina obungenakuphikiswa bokuba eli nani lichanile. Esi siprofeto sibonisa ukuba sisingisele kwixesha laxa iYerusalem iya kungqingwa baze abemi bayo bathinjwe ziintlanga, nto leyo eyenzeka ngowama-607 B.C.E. Ngoko iminyaka engama-40 ekuthethwe ngayo kwimeko kaYuda yaphela ngokuphanziswa kweYerusalem. Iminyaka engama-390 ekuthethwe ngayo kwimeko kaSirayeli ayizange iphele xa kwatshatyalaliswa elakwaSamari, kuba oko kwakusele kudlule xa uHezekile wayeprofeta, ibe esi siprofeto sibonisa ngokucacileyo ukuba sithetha ngokungqingwa nokutshatyalaliswa kweYerusalem. Ngaloo ndlela, “ubugwenxa bendlu kaSirayeli,” nabo, baphela ngowama-607 B.C.E. Xa sibala sibuya umva ukususela kulo nyaka, siyabona ukuba eli xesha leminyaka engama-390 laqala ngowama-997 B.C.E. Ngaloo nyaka, emva kokufa kukaSolomon, uYerobhoham wazahlula kwindlu kaDavide waza “wawawexula amaSirayeli ekumlandeleni uYehova, wawonisa ngesono esikhulu.”—2 Kum. 17:21.

 8. (a) Inokubalwa njani iminyaka ukubuyela umva kwiEksodus? (b) Yiyiphi inguqulelo echaphazela ubalo-maxesha lweBhayibhile ngeli xesha?

⁸ Ukususela kowama-997 B.C.E. kuse kowe-1513 B.C.E. Ekubeni owokugqibela kwiminyaka epheleleyo engama-40 yokulawula kukaSolomon waphela entwasahlobo yowama-997 B.C.E., kuyabonakala ukuba unyaka wakhe wokuqala wokulawula umele ukuba waqalisa ekwindla lowe-1037 B.C.E. (1 Kum. 11:42) Ingxelo yeBhayibhile, kweyoku-1 yooKumkani 6:1, ithi uSolomon waqalisa ukwakha indlu kaYehova eYerusalem ngenyanga yesibini yonyaka wesine wolawulo lwakhe. Oku kuthetha ukuba kwakusele kuphele iminyaka emithathu epheleleyo nenyanga enye epheleleyo yolawulo lwakhe, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba ukwakhiwa kwetempile kwaqalisa malunga noAprili ukusa kuMeyi kowe-1034 B.C.E. Noko ke, kwaesi sibhalo sibonisa ukuba lo ‘yayikwangumnyaka wamakhulu omane anamanci asibhozo bephumile oonyana bakaSirayeli ezweni lamaYiputa.’ Kwakhona, inani lama-480 liyiordinal, limela iminyaka engama-479 epheleleyo. Ngenxa yoko, xa sidibanisa ama-479 ne-1034 sifumana unyaka we-1513 B.C.E. njengonyaka awaphuma ngawo uSirayeli eYiputa. Isiqendu 19 seSifundo 2 sicacisa ukuba ukususela kunyaka we-1513 B.C.E., uAbhibhi (uNisan) wayeza kubalwa ‘njengeyokuqala ezinyangeni zomnyaka’ wamaSirayeli (Eks. 12:2) nokuba ngaphambi koko unyaka wawubalwa njengoqala ekwindla, ngenyanga enguTishri. IThe New Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge, yowe-1957, Umqu. 12, iphepha 474, ithi: “Ukubalwa kweminyaka yokulawula yookumkani kusekelwe kunyaka owaqala entwasahlobo, ibe le ndlela yokubala ifana neyaseBhabhiloni apho yayixhaphake kakhulu khona.” Enoba kwaqaliswa nini na ukusetyenziswa kwale ndlela yokutshintshwa konyaka owawuqala ekwindla ukuze uqale entwasahlobo kumaxesha aseBhayibhileni, oku bekuya kubandakanya ukulahleka okanye ukongezeleleka kweenyanga ezintandathu ngandlel’ ithile ekubalweni kwexesha.

 9. (a) Ibalwa njani iminyaka ebuyela emva kwingxelo yaxa kwakuqalisa ukusebenza komnqophiso ka-Abraham? (b) Ibalelwa phi iminyaka yokuqala engama-215? (c) Wayemdala kangakanani uAbraham xa wayewela umEfrati esinge kwaKanan?

⁹ Ukususela kowe-1513 B.C.E. kuse kowe-1943 B.C.E. KwiEksodus 12:40, 41, (NW) uMoses wabhala ukuba “ukuhlala koonyana bakaSirayeli, abahlalayo eYiputa, kwaba yiminyaka emakhulu mane aneminyaka emashumi mathathu.” Ngokwala mazwi angasentla, kuyabonakala ukuba asililo lonke eli xesha ‘lokuhlala’ elachithelwa eYiputa. Esi sihlandlo sexesha siqalisa ngokuwela kuka-Abraham umEfrati endleleni yakhe esinge kwaKanan, xesha elo owathi ngalo umnqophiso ophakathi koYehova noAbraham waqalisa ukusebenza. Iminyaka yokuqala engama-215 yoku “kuhlala” yachithelwa kwaKanan, kwaza kwahlalwa ixesha elikwangako eYiputa, de uSirayeli wakhululeka ngokupheleleyo kulawulo nasekuxhomekekeni eYiputa, ngowe-1513 B.C.E.c KwiEksodus 12:40, umbhalo osemazantsi weNew World Translation ubonisa ukuba iSeptuagint yesiGrike, esekelwe kumbhalo wesiHebhere omdala kunombhalo weMasora, emva kwegama elithi “Yiputa,” yongeza amazwi athi “nakwilizwe lakwaKanan.” NePentatiki yamaSamariya yenza into efanayo. KumaGalati 3:17, ekwakhankanya iminyaka engama-430, ingqina ukuba eli xesha laqalisa ngokusebenza komnqophiso owenziwa noAbraham, ngexesha laxa uAbraham wawela umEfrati esinge kwaKanan. Ngoko ke oko kwakungowe-1943 B.C.E., xa uAbraham wayenama-75 eminyaka ubudala.—Gen. 12:4.

10. Bubuphi obunye ubungqina obahlukileyo obuxhasa indlela elibalwa ngayo ixesha lika-Abraham?

¹⁰ Kukho nobunye ubungqina obahlukileyo obuxhasa olu balo lungasentla: KwiZenzo 7:6 kukhankanywa imbewu ka-Abraham njengephathwa kakubi iminyaka engama-400. Ekubeni uYehova ekuphelisa oku kuphathwa kakubi yiYiputa ngowe-1513 B.C.E., kumele ukuba oku kuphathwa kakubi kwaqalisa ngowe-1913 B.C.E. Ngeli xesha kwasekuyiminyaka emihlanu emva kokuzalwa kukaIsake ibe kungqamana ‘nokuhlekisa’ kukaIshmayeli ngoIsake ngethuba lokulunyulwa kwakhe.—Gen. 15:13; 21:8, 9.

11. Ucwangciso-maxesha lweBhayibhile lusibuyisela njani umva ukusa kunyaka kaNogumbe?

¹¹ Ukususela kowe-1943 B.C.E. kuse kowama-2370 B.C.E. Sibonile ukuba uAbraham wayeminyaka ima-75 ubudala xa wayefika eKanan ngowe-1943 B.C.E. Ngoku singakwazi ukubala iminyaka sibuyela emva phayaa, kwimihla kaNowa. Oku sinokukwenza ngokusebenzisa izihlandlo zamaxesha esiwafumana kwiGenesis 11:10 kuse kwisahluko 12:4. Olu balo, olusinika iminyaka epheleleyo engama-427, lwenziwa ngokulandelayo:

Kuze ukusa ekuzalweni kukaShela 35 “

Kuse ekuzalweni kukaEbhere 30 “

Kuse ekuzalweni kukaPelege 34 “

Kuse ekuzalweni kukaRehu 30 “

Kuse ekuzalweni kukaSerugi 32 “

Kuse ekuzalweni kukaNahore 30 “

Kuse ekuzalweni kukaTera 29 “

Isimbuku 427 iminyaka

Ukudibanisa iminyaka engama-427 kunye nowe-1943 B.C.E. kusifikisa kowama-2370 B.C.E. Ngaloo ndlela ucwangciso-maxesha lweBhayibhile lubonisa ukuba uNogumbe womhla kaNowa waqalisa ngowama-2370 B.C.E.

12. Lingakanani ixesha elifikelela emva ekudalweni kuka-Adam?

¹² Ukususela kowama-2370 B.C.E. kuse kowama-4026 B.C.E. Xa siqhubeka sibala ukubuyela emva kwakhona kumsinga wexesha, sifumanisa ukuba iBhayibhile isinika iminyaka yexesha elisusela kuNogumbe kuse ekudalweni kuka-Adam. Oku kuboniswe kwiGenesis 5:3-29 nesahluko 7:6, 11. Oku kubalwa kwexesha kushwankathelwe apha ngezantsi:

Kuze kuse ekuzalweni kukaEnoshe 105 “

Kuse ekuzalweni kukaKenan 90 “

Kuse ekuzalweni kukaMahalaleli 70 “

Kuse ekuzalweni kukaYarede 65 “

Kuse ekuzalweni kukaEnoki 162 “

Kuse ekuzalweni kukaMethusela 65 “

Kuse ekuzalweni kukaLameki 187 “

Kuse ekuzalweni kukaNowa 182 “

Kuse kuNogumbe 600 “

Isimbuku 1 656 iminyaka

Xa sidibanisa iminyaka eli-1 656 kunyaka wethu esiwufumene ngaphambili wama-2370 B.C.E., sifika kowama-4026 B.C.E. ongunyaka wokudalwa kuka-Adam, mhlawumbi ekwindla, ekubeni kwiikhalenda ezininzi zamandulo unyaka wawuqala ekwindla.

13. (a) Ngoko, inde kangakanani imbali yoluntu kulo mhlaba? (b) Kutheni oku kungangqamani nobude bomhla kaYehova wokuphumla?

¹³ Kubaluleke ngantoni oku namhlanje? Uhlelo lokuqala (lwesiNgesi) lwale ncwadi, olwapapashwa ngowe-1963, lwathi: “Ngoko, ngaba oku kuthetha ukuba ngowe-1963 sasifikelele kwiminyaka engama-5 988 ‘kumhla’ awathi ngawo uYehova ‘waphumla kuwo wonke umsebenzi wakhe’? (Gen. 2:3) Akunjalo, kuba ukudalwa kuka-Adam akudibananga nokuqalisa komhla kaYehova wokuphumla. Emva kokudalwa kuka-Adam, ibe kwanasebudeni bomhla wesithandathu wokudala, kubonakala ukuba uYehova wayedala indalo engakumbi ezizilwanyana neentaka. Kwakhona, wayalela uAdam ukuba athiye izilwanyana amagama, nto leyo eyayiza kuthabatha ixesha, ibe wadala noEva. (Gen. 2:18-22; bona kwakhona umbhalo osemazantsi wendi. 19 kwi-NW, Uhl. lowe-1953) Naliphi na ixesha elidlulileyo phakathi kokudalwa kuka-Adam nokuphela ‘komhla wesithandathu’ limele lithatyathwe kwiminyaka engama-5 988 ukuze kufunyanwe ubude obuchanileyo bexesha elisusela ekuqaliseni ‘komhla wesixhenxe’ ukuya kuthi ga [kowe-1963]. Akuncedi nto ukusebenzisa ubalo-maxesha lweBhayibhile ekuthelekeleleni iminyaka engaphambili kumsinga wexesha.—Mat. 24:36.”d

14. Kutheni ingxelo yeBhayibhile engemvelaphi yomntu kunokukhethwa yona kuneentelekelelo zabantu ezingenabungqina?

¹⁴ Kuthekani ngamabango ezenzululwazi okuba umntu ebekho kulo mhlaba kangangamawaka angamakhulu okanye kangangezigidi zeminyaka? Akukho nalinye kuwo elinokuxhaswa ziingxelo ezibhaliweyo zaloo maxesha akudala, njengoko iziganeko zeBhayibhile zinjalo. Iminyaka eqikelelwayo ekuthiwa wayekho ngayo “umntu wangaphambi kwembali” isekelwe kwintelekelelo engenabungqina. Eneneni, imbali enokuthenjwa yehlabathi, kunye nobalo-maxesha lwayo, ibuyela emva kwiminyaka engamawaka ambalwa kuphela. Umhlaba uye waguquguquka ngeendlela ezininzi, njengakuNogumbe womhlaba wonke womhla kaNowa, owaziguqula ngokupheleleyo iingcamba zamatye neefosili, usenza nawaphi na amabango asekelwe kwinzululwazi ngokuphathelele iminyaka yangaphambi koNogumbe abe nguqashi-qashi ongakholelekiyo konke konke.e Ngokwahlukileyo kuzo zonke iingcamango ezingenabungqina neziziphikisayo zabantu, iBhayibhile inengqiqo kwingxelo yayo ecace gca nevisisanayo engemvelaphi yoluntu nakwimbali yayo enobungqina obucokisekileyo yabantu bakaYehova abanyuliweyo.

15. Kufanele kusichaphazele njani ukufundisisa iBhayibhile?

¹⁵ Ukufundisisa iBhayibhile nokucamngca ngemisebenzi yoMgcini-xesha Omkhulu, uYehova uThixo, kufanele kusenze sizive sithobeke kakhulu. Umntu onokufa mncinane ngenene xa ethelekiswa noThixo onamandla onke, omsebenzi wakhe wendalo omangalisa ngokoyikekayo, owenziwa kumawakawaka eminyaka eyadlulayo, uchazwe ngokucace kangaka kwiSibhalo: “Ekuqalekeni uThixo wadala amazulu nehlabathi.”—Gen. 1:1.

UBUKHO BUKAYESU EMHLABENI

16. (a) Iincwadi ezine zeVangeli zibhalwe njani ngokulandelelanayo? (b) Sinokuwufumana njani unyaka awaqala ngawo uYesu kubulungiseleli bakhe? (c) Zilandelelana njani iziganeko kwiincwadi ezahlukeneyo zeVangeli, ibe yintoni emele iphawulwe ngengxelo kaYohane?

¹⁶ Iingxelo ezine eziphefumlelweyo ezingobomi bukaYesu basemhlabeni zibonakala zibhalwe ngolu landelelwano: EkaMateyu (malunga nowama-41 C.E.), ekaLuka (malunga nowama-56-58 C.E.), ekaMarko (malunga nowama-60-65 C.E.) nekaYohane (malunga nowama-98 C.E.). Njengoko kucacisiwe kwisahluko esandulelayo, ukusebenzisa inkcazelo ekuLuka 3:1-3 kunye nonyaka we-14 C.E. njengowokuqalisa kolawulo lukaTibheriyo Kesare, kusifikisa kowama-29 C.E. njengonyaka wokuqalisa kukaYesu ubulungiseleli bakhe obuphawulekayo kulo mhlaba. Nangona iziganeko ezikuMateyu zingasoloko zilandelelana ngokobalo-maxesha, kwiimeko ezininzi ezinye iincwadi ezintathu zibonakala zizilandelelanisa ngokuchanileyo iziganeko eziphawulekayo ezehlayo. Ezi zishwankathelwe kwisicangca esikwesi sahluko. Kuya kuphawulwa ukuba ingxelo kaYohane, eyabhalwa kwiminyaka engaphezu kwengama-30 emva kokubhalwa kweyokugqibela kwezinye ezintathu, ivelisa iingongoma ezibalulekileyo kule mbali ezishiyiweyo ngabanye. Okuphawuleka ngokukhethekileyo kukukhankanya ngokucacileyo kukaYohane iiPasika ezine zasebudeni bobulungiseleli bukaYesu basemhlabeni, nto leyo exhasa isibakala sobulungiseleli beminyaka emithathu enesiqingatha, eyaphela ngowama-33 C.E.f—Yoh. 2:13; 5:1; 6:4; 12:1; nese-13:1.

17. Bubuphi obunye ubungqina obuxhasa unyaka wokufa kukaYesu?

¹⁷ Ukufa kukaYesu ngowama-33 C.E. kukwaxhaswa nabobunye ubungqina. NgokoMthetho kaMoses, uNisan 15 wayesoloko engumhla weSabatha ekhethekileyo kungakhathaliseki ukuba wayewela koluphi na usuku. Ukuba wayengqamana nosuku lweSabatha eqhelekileyo, ngoko olo suku lwalusaziwa njengomhla “omkhulu” weSabatha, ibe uYohane 19:31 ubonisa ukuba iSabatha enjalo yalandela imini yokufa kukaYesu, mini leyo ke ngoko eyayingoLwesihlanu. Owe-14 kuNisan akazange abe ngoLwesihlanu ngowama-31 okanye ngowama-32 kodwa kwenzeka oko kuphela ngowama-33 C.E. Ngoko ke, kumele ukuba uYesu wafa ngoNisan 14, 33 C.E.g

18. (a) Yintoni eyaprofetwa nguDaniyeli ngokubhekisele ‘kwiiveki’ ezingama-69? (b) Ngokutsho kukaNehemiya, laqalisa nini eli xesha? (c) Sifikelela njani kunyaka wokuqalisa kolawulo luka-Artashashta?

¹⁸ “Iveki” yama-70, owama-29-36 C.E. Iinkalo eziphawula ixesha lobulungiseleli bukaYesu zikwagutyungelwa nguDaniyeli 9:24-27, oxela kwangaphambili ixesha leeveki ezingama-69 zeminyaka (iminyaka engama-483) “kuthabathela ekuphumeni kwelizwi lokuba ibuyiswe yakhiwe iYerusalem, kuse kumthanjiswa oyinganga.” NgokukaNehemiya 2:1-8, eli lizwi laphuma “ngomnyaka wamashumi amabini ka-Artashashta,” ukumkani wasePersi. Waluqalisa nini ke ulawulo lwakhe uArtashashta? Uyise okwangumanduleli wakhe, uAhaswerosi, wafa kwisiqingatha sokugqibela sowama-475 B.C.E. Ngaloo ndlela unyaka wokubekwa ka-Artashashta waqalisa ngowama-475 B.C.E., ibe oku kuxhaswa bubungqina obungenakukhanyelwa bemithombo yaseGrisi, yasePersi neyaseBhabhiloni. Ngokomzekelo, umbhali-mbali ongumGrike uThucydides (odumileyo ngeengxelo zakhe ezichanileyo) ubhala ngokusabela kommi ongumGrike uThemistocles ePersi xa uArtashashta wayethe “kamva wahlala etroneni.” Omnye umbhali-mbali ongumGrike wenkulungwane yokuqala Ngaphambi kweXesha Eliqhelekileyo, uDiodorus Siculus, wenza sikwazi ukugqiba ngonyaka wokufa kukaThemistocles njengowama-471/470 B.C.E. Emva kokusaba elizweni lakubo, uThemistocles wayecele imvume kuArtashashta yokufundisisa ulwimi lwasePersi kangangonyaka omnye ngaphambi kokuba avele kuye, sicelo eso esavunywayo. Ngenxa yoko, kumele ukuba uThemistocles wahlala ePersi kungekhona emva kowama-472 B.C.E., ibe kunokuba sengqiqweni ukuba kuthiwe wafika ngowama-473 B.C.E. Ngelo xesha uArtashashta “wayethe kamva wahlala etroneni.”h

19. (a) Xa sibala siqala “kumnyaka wamashumi amabini ka-Artashashta,” siwufumana njani unyaka wokuvela koMthanjiswa? (b) Isiprofeto ‘seeveki’ ezingama-70 sazaliseka njani ukususela kulo nyaka?

¹⁹ Ngaloo ndlela, ‘umnyaka wamashumi amabini ka-Artashashta’ unokuba ngowama-455 B.C.E. Ukubala iminyaka engama-483 (“iiveki” ezingama-69) ukuthabathela kweli xesha, ibe sikhumbula ukuba awuzange ubekho unyaka ongunothi xa kuwelelwa kwiXesha Eliqhelekileyo, kusifikisa kowama-29 C.E. njengowokuvela ‘koMthanjiswa oyiNganga.’ UYesu waba nguMthanjiswa xa wabhaptizwayo waza wathanjiswa ngomoya oyingcwele, ekwindla laloo nyaka. Esi siprofeto sikwabonisa ukuba ‘ebudeni besiqingatha seveki [yamashumi asixhenxe] uya kuyiphelisa imibingelelo neminikelo yokudla.’ Oku kwenzeka xa amadini angumfuziselo amaYuda aba ngangasasebenziyo ngenxa yokuzinikela kukaYesu njengedini. ‘Isiqingatha’ sale “veki” yeminyaka sithabatha iminyaka emithathu enesiqingatha ukufikelela kwintwasahlobo yowama-33 C.E., xa uYesu wabulawayo. Noko ke, ‘abaninzi wobaqinisela umnqophiso’ kangangeveki yonke yama-70. Oku kubonisa ubabalo olukhethekileyo lukaYehova njengoluqhubeka luboniswa kumaYuda ebudeni beminyaka esixhenxe ukususela kowama-29 C.E. kuse kowama-36 C.E. Emva koko, yaqala ukuvulwa indlela yokuba iiNtlanga ezingalukanga zibe ngamaSirayeli okomoya, njengoko oku kuboniswa kukuguquka kukaKorneli ngowama-36 C.E.i—IZe. 10:30-33, 44-48; 11:1.

UKUBALA IMINYAKA NGEXESHA LABAPOSTILE

20. Imbali yehlabathi idibana njani nengxelo yeBhayibhile ekubaleni ixesha lokufa kukaHerode neziganeko ezilandulelayo?

²⁰ Phakathi kowama-33 C.E. nowama-49 C.E. Unyaka wama-44 C.E. unokwamkelwa njengonyaka oluncedo weli xesha. Ngokutsho kukaJosephus (kwiJewish Antiquities, XIX, 351 [viii, 2]), uHerode Agripa I walawula kangangeminyaka emithathu emva kokubekwa etroneni koMlawuli uKlawudiyo waseRoma (ngowama-41 C.E.). Ubungqina obungokwembali bubonisa ukuba lo Herode wafa ngowama-44 C.E.j Ngoku xa sikhangela ingxelo yeBhayibhile, sifumanisa ukuba kwakungaphambi nje kokufa kukaHerode awathi uAgabho ‘ngomoya’ waprofeta ngokuphathelele indlala enkulu eyayiza kubakho, awathi umpostile uYakobi wabulawa ngekrele nawathi ngelo xesha uPetros wafakwa entolongweni (ngexesha lePasika) waza wakhululwa ngokungummangaliso. Zonke ezi ziganeko kunokuthiwa zehla ngowama-44 C.E.—IZe. 11:27, 28; 12:1-11, 20-23.

21. Sinokuwuthelekelela ngokusekelwe enini unyaka wokuqala wokhenketho lukaPawulos lobuvangeli basemazweni?

²¹ Indlala eyayixelwe kwangaphambili yabakho malunga nowama-46 C.E. Ngoko, kumele ukuba kwakungeli xesha awathi uPawulos noBharnabhas ‘balufeza ulungiselelo eYerusalem.’ (IZe. 12:25) Emva kokubuyela kwa-Antiyokwe yelaseSiriya, balathiswa ngumoya oyingcwele ukuba baqalise uhambo lwabo lokuqala lobuvangeli basemazweni, olwalugubungela iSipro nezixeko namazwe amaninzi aseAsiya Mayina.k Mhlawumbi olu hambo lwaqalisa entwasahlobo yowama-47 C.E. ukusa ekwindla lowama-48 C.E., bechitha ubusika obunye kwelaseAsiya Mayina. Kubonakala ukuba uPawulos wachitha ubusika bonyaka olandelayo sel’ ebuyele kwa-Antiyokwe yelaseSiriya, ibe oku kusizisa kwintwasahlobo yowama-49 C.E.—IZe. 13:1–14:28.

22. Inokubalwa njani iminyaka ekhankanywe kumaGalati isahluko 1 nesesi-2 yokutyelela kukaPawulos eYerusalem kangangezihlandlo ezibini?

²² Ingxelo yesahluko 1 nesesi-2 samaGalati ibonakala idibana nolu balo-maxesha. Apha uPawulos uthetha ngokunye ukutyelela kwakhe okukhethekileyo izihlandlo ezibini eYerusalem emva kokuguquka kwakhe, olunye walwenza “emva kweminyaka emithathu” waza olunye walwenza “emva kweminyaka elishumi namine.” (Gal. 1:17, 18; 2:1) Ukuba ezi zihlandlo zamaxesha zenziwa amanani aziordinals, ngokwesiko lalo mhla, ibe ukuba uPawulos waguquka ekuqaleni kwexesha labapostile, njengoko ingxelo ibonakala ibonisa oko, ngoko sinokubala size sifumanise ukuba iminyaka emi-3 yayingowama-34 kuse kowama-36 C.E. neminyaka eli-14 yayingowama-36 kuse kowama-49 C.E.

23. Bubuphi ubungqina obubonisa ukuba amaGalati isahluko 2 neZenzo isahluko 15 zithetha ngotyelelo lukaPawulos eYerusalem ngowama-49 C.E.?

²³ Kubonakala ukuba utyelelo lwesibini lukaPawulos eYerusalem olukhankanywe kumaGalati lwalunento yokwenza nembambano yolwaluko, njengoko kusithiwa kwanoTito owayepheleke uPawulos kwakungeyomfuneko ukuba aluke. Ukuba oku kungqamana nolu tyelelo lokufumana isicombululo ngembambano yolwaluko esichazwe kwiZenzo 15:1-35, ngoko owama-49 C.E. ufaneleka kakuhle njengoko uphakathi kweminyaka yokhenketho lukaPawulos lokuqala nolwesibini lobuvangeli basemazweni. Ngaphezu koko, ngokutsho kwamaGalati 2:1-10, uPawulos wasebenzisa esi sihlandlo ukwandlala phambi “kwabo badumileyo” bebandla laseYerusalem iindaba ezilungileyo awayezishumayela, ‘esoyikela ukuba hleze abe wayebalekela ilize.’ Oku ngokusengqiqweni wayenokukwenza xa enikela ingxelo emva nje kokhenketho lwakhe lokuqala lobuvangeli basemazweni. UPawulos wayetyelele eYerusalem “ngokwesityhilelo.”

24. Kukuyiphi iminyaka awathi uPawulos wathabatha ngayo uhambo lwesibini lobuvangeli basemazweni, ibe kutheni kungathandabuzeki ukuba wafika eKorinte ngasekupheleni kowama-50 C.E.?

²⁴ Uhambo Lwesibini LukaPawulos Lobuvangeli Basemazweni, malunga nowama-49 kuse kowama-52 C.E. Emva kokubuya evela eYerusalem uPawulos wachitha elinye ixesha kwa-Antiyokwe yelaseSiriya; kungoko, kumele ukuba kwakusebudeni behlobo lowama-49 C.E. awathi wemka apho ukuya kukhenketho lwakhe lwesibini. (IZe. 15:35, 36) Kulo wakhenketha amazwe amaninzi ngakumbi kunalawo wawatyelela kolokuqala ibe kwafuneka ukuba ubusika bumfikele eseAsiya Mayina. Mhlawumbi kwakusentwasahlobo yowama-50 C.E. xa wasabela kubizo lwaseMakedoni waza wawelela eYurophu. Wandula ke washumayela waza waseka amabandla amatsha eFilipi, eTesalonika, eBhereya naseAtene. Oku kwabangela ukuba afike eKorinte, kwiphondo laseAkaya, ekwindla lowama-50 C.E., emva kohambo lweekhilomitha ezimalunga nama-2 090, ezininzi zazo ezihambe ngeenyawo. (IZe. 16:9, 11, 12; 17:1, 2, 10, 11, 15, 16; 18:1) Ngokutsho kweZenzo 18:11, uPawulos wahlala apho iinyanga ezili-18, nto leyo esifikisa ekuqaleni kowama-52 C.E. Ekupheleni kobusika, uPawulos wahamba ngomkhombe ukuya eKhesareya, edlula e-Efese. Emva kokuya kubulisa ibandla elithile, ekubonakala ukuba lelaseYerusalem, wabuyela apho wayeqalise khona iphulo lohambo lwakhe kwa-Antiyokwe yaseSiriya, mhlawumbi kwihlobo lowama-52 C.E.l—IZe. 18:12-22.

25. (a) Izinto zakudala ezimbiweyo zikuxhasa njani ukuba uPawulos watyelela okokuqala eKorinte ngowama-50 kuse kowama-52 C.E.? (b) Isibakala sokuba uAkwila noPrisila ‘babesandula ukuvela eItali’ sikuxhasa njani oku?

²⁵ Okufunyenwe kwizinto zakudala ezimbiweyo kuxhasa owama-50 kuse kowama-52 C.E. njengeminyaka yotyelelo lokuqala lukaPawulos eKorinte. Eli licwecwe lombhalo okroliweyo, ummiselo owawuvela kuMlawuli uKlawudiyo Kesare usiya kubemi beDelphi yelaseGrisi, owawuqulethe amazwi athi “ku[Lucius Ju]nius, Galiyo, . . . ibamba.” Ababhali-mbali ngokubanzi bayavumelana ngesibakala sokuba inani lama-26, elikwabonakala kulo mbhalo, libhekisela ekudunyisweni kukaKlawudiyo njengomlawuli okwesihlandlo sama-26. Eminye imibhalo ekroliweyo ibonisa ukuba uKlawudiyo wadunyiswa njengomlawuli okwesihlandlo sama-27 ngaphambi koAgasti 1, 52 C.E. Ixesha lokuba sesikhundleni kwebamba lalithabatha unyaka, liqalisa ekuqaleni kwehlobo. Ngaloo ndlela, kubonakala ukuba unyaka kaGaliyo njengebamba laseAkaya waqalisa kwihlobo lowama-51 C.E. kuse kwihlobo lowama-52 C.E. “Ke kaloku, akubon’ ukuba uGaliyo ulibamba kwelaseAkaya, amwela uPawulos amaYuda ngamxhelo mnye, amsa esihlalweni sokugweba.” Emva kokuba uGaliyo emkhulule njengongenatyala uPawulos, umpostile wahlala “imihla eyaneleyo,” waza ke wemka ngomkhombe ukuya kwelaseSiriya. (IZe. 18:11, 12, 17, 18) Konke oku kubonakala kuxhasa intwasahlobo yowama-52 C.E. njengokuphela kwexesha leenyanga ezili-18 lokuhlala kukaPawulos eKorinte. Enye ingongoma esingaliphawula ngayo ixesha ifumaneka kumazwi athi ekufikeni eKorinte, uPawulos “wafumana umYuda othile wasePonto ngokuzalwa, ogama linguAkwila, esandula ukuvela eItali, noPrisila umkakhe, weza kubo ngenxa yokuba uKlawudiyo ebemise ukuthi, makahlukane neRoma onke amaYuda.” (IZe. 18:2) Ngokutsho kombhali-mbali uPaulus Orosius, wangasekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yesihlanu, lo myalelo wokugxothwa wakhutshwa ngonyaka wethoba kaKlawudiyo, oko kukuthi, ngowama-49 C.E. okanye ngasekuqaleni kowama-50 C.E. Ngaloo ndlela, uAkwila noPrisila banokuba bafika eKorinte ngaxa lithile ngaphambi kokwindla lwaloo nyaka, nto leyo eyenza kube nokwenzeka ukuba uPawulos ahlale apho ukususela ekwindla lowama-50 C.E. kuse entwasahlobo yowama-52 C.E.a

26. Yiyiphi iminyaka ephawula amanqanaba alandelelanayo ohambo lukaPawulos lwesithathu lobuvangeli basemazweni?

²⁶ Uhambo Lwesithathu LukaPawulos Lobuvangeli Basemazweni, malunga nowama-52 kuse kowama-56 C.E. Emva ‘kwemihla eyaneleyo’ ekwa-Antiyokwe yelaseSiriya, kwakhona uPawulos wayesendleleni esinge eAsiya Mayina, ibe kunokwenzeka ukuba wafika e-Efese ebusika bowama-52 kuse kowama-53 C.E. (IZe. 18:23; 19:1) UPawulos wachitha “iinyanga zantathu” wandula ke wachitha “iminyaka emibini” efundisa e-Efese, ibe emva koku wemka waya eMakedoni. (IZe. 19:8-10) Kamva, wakhumbuza abaveleli base-Efese ukuba wayekhonze phakathi kwabo “iminyaka emithathu,” kodwa oku kumele ukuba yayilithuba elithelekelelwayo. (IZe. 20:31) Kubonakala ukuba uPawulos wayishiya iEfese emva ‘kwePentekoste’ ngasekuqaleni kowama-55 C.E., elityhutyha lonke ukuya kuthi ga ngeKorinte, iGrisi, kwangexesha ukuze achithe iinyanga ezintathu zasebusika apho. Wandula ke wabuyela emntla waya kufika naseFilipi ngexesha lePasika yowama-56 C.E. Ukusuka apho wemka ngomkhombe ngendlela edlula eTrowa naseMileto ukuya kufika eKesareya waza wenyuka ukuya eYerusalem, wafika ngePentekoste yowama-56 C.E.b—1 Kor. 16:5-8; IZe. 20:1-3, 6, 15, 16; 21:8, 15-17.

27. Zenzeka nini iziganeko ezehlayo ukuza kuthi ga ekuthinjelweni kukaPawulos eRoma?

²⁷ Iminyaka Yokugqibela, owama-56 kuse kowe-100 C.E. Kwakungethuba lide uPawulos efikile eYerusalem xa wathi wabanjwa. Wasiwa eKesareya waza wahlala elugcinweni apho kangangeminyaka emibini, de uFelikis wathatyathelw’ indawo nguFesto njengerhuluneli. (IZe. 21:33; 23:23-35; 24:27) Kubonakala ukuba unyaka wokufika kukaFesto nowokuya okokugqibela kukaPawulos eRoma wawungowama-58 C.E.c Emva kokwaphukelwa ngumkhombe kukaPawulos nokuchitha kwakhe ubusika eMelita, uhambo lwaphela malunga nowama-59 C.E., ibe ingxelo ibonisa ukuba wahlala ekuthinjweni eRoma, eshumayela yaye efundisa, ixesha elingangeminyaka emibini, okanye de kwamalunga nowama-61 C.E.—IZe. 27:1; 28:1, 11, 16, 30, 31.

28. Yiyiphi iminyaka ekunokuba sengqiqweni ukuba iziganeko zokugqibela ebomini bukaPawulos zibe zenzeka ngayo?

²⁸ Ngoxa ingxelo yembali yeZenzo ingasidlulisi kweli xesha, kuyabonakala ukuba uPawulos wakhululwa waza waqhubeka nomsebenzi wakhe wobuvangeli basemazweni, etyelela elaseKrete, iGrisi nelaseMakedoni. Ukuba wade wafikelela naseSpeyin oko akwaziwa. Ngokunokwenzeka uPawulos waba ngumfeli-nkolo ezandleni zikaNero ngokukhawuleza emva kokubanjwa kwakhe okwesihlandlo sokugqibela eRoma malunga nowama-65 C.E. Imbali yehlabathi ithi uJulayi wowama-64 C.E. waba yinyanga yomlilo omkhulu owatshisayo eRoma, ekwathi emva koko amaKristu atshutshiswa nguNero. Ukuvalelwa entolongweni kukaPawulos ebotshwe ‘ngemixokelelwane’ nokubulawa kwakhe okwalandelayo kungqamana ngokusengqiqweni neli xesha.—2 Tim. 1:16; 4:6, 7.

29. Laphela nini ixesha labapostile, ibe kwakungexesha lokubhalwa kwaziphi iincwadi zeBhayibhile?

²⁹ Iincwadi ezintlanu ezabhalwa ngumpostile uYohane zabhalwa ekupheleni kwexesha lentshutshiso eyeziswa nguMlawuli uDomitian. Kuthiwa waziphatha okwegeza ebudeni beminyaka emithathu yokugqibela yolawulo lwakhe, minyaka leyo egubungela owama-81 kuse kowama-96 C.E. Kwakuxa wayesekuthinjweni kwisiqithi sasePatmos awathi uYohane wabhala ISityhilelo, malunga nowama-96 C.E.d Incwadi yakhe yeVangeli nezinye iincwadi zakhe ezintathu wazibhala kamva ese-Efese okanye kwingingqi yakhona emva kokukhululwa kwakhe, ibe lo mpostile wokugqibela kwabanye wafa malunga nowe-100 C.E.

30. Sinayiphi ingenelo esi sifundo sobalo-maxesha lweBhayibhile?

³⁰ Ngaloo ndlela kubonakala ukuba ngokuthelekisa iziganeko zembali yehlabathi nobalo-maxesha nesiprofeto seBhayibhile, sincedwa ukuba sikwazi ukuliqonda ngokucace ngakumbi ixesha ezenzeka ngalo iziganeko ezichazwe eBhayibhileni. Ukuvisisana kobalo-maxesha lweBhayibhile kuqinisa intembelo yethu kwiZibhalo Ezingcwele njengeziliLizwi likaThixo.

[Imibhalo esemazantsi]

IZIGANEKO EZIPHAWULEKAYO KUBOMI BUKAYESU BASEMHLABENI—IiVangeli Ezine Zibhalwe Ngolandelelwano Lobalo-maxesha

Imiqondiso: a. umela “emva”; c. umela “malunga.”

Lu 9:18-27

Ubulungiseleli Bamva BukaYesu KwelakwaYuda

Ubulungiseleli BukaYesu Bamva KwiMpuma Yordan

Ubulungiseleli BukaYesu Bokugqibela EYerusalem

EYerusalem Ababingeleli abakhulu nababhali benza iyelenqe lokubulala uYesu 11:18, 19 19:47, 48

EYerusalem Ingxubusho namaGrike; ukungakholwa kwamaYuda 12:20-50

Nisan 11 EBhetani naseYerusalem Umkhiwane ongavelisi ziqhamo ufunyanwa ubunile 21:19-22 11:20-25

EYerusalem, etempileni Igunya likaKristu liyathandatyuzwa; umzekeliso woonyana ababini 21:23-32 11:27-33 20:1-8

Etempileni eYerusalem Umzekeliso wabalimi abakhohlakeleyo nowomsitho womtshato 21:33–22:14 12:1-12 20:9-19

Etempileni eYerusalem Ubuzwa ngerhafu, ngovuko, ngomthetho 22:15-40 12:13-34 20:20-40

Etempileni eYerusalem Umbuzo kaYesu obaval’ umlomo ongemvelaphi kaMesiya 22:41-46 12:35-37 20:41-44

Etempileni eYerusalem Ugxeka ababhali nabaFarisi 23:1-39 12:38-40 20:45-47

Etempileni eYerusalem Imalana yomhlolokazi 12:41-44 21:1-4

ENtabeni yemiNquma Isiprofeto sokuwa kweYerusalem, sobukho bukaYesu, sokuphela kwenkqubo 24:1-51 13:1-37 21:5-38

ENtabeni yemiNquma Imizekeliso: oweentombi ezilishumi, oweetalente, owezimvu neebhokhwe 25:1-46

Nisan 12EYerusalem Iinkokeli zonqulo ziceba ukubulala uYesu 26:1-5 14:1, 2 22:1, 2

EYerusalem UYuda ugqiba nababingeleli ngexabiso lokungcatsha uYesu 26:14-16 14:10, 11 22:3-6

Nisan 13 (emva kwemini ngoLwesine) Kufuphi kwanaphakathi eYerusalem Kwenziwa amalungiselelo ePasika 26:17-19 14:12-16 22:7-13

Nisan 14 EYerusalem Ukudliwa kwesidlo sePasika nabali-12 26:20, 21 14:17, 18 22:14-18

EYerusalem UYesu uhlamba iinyawo zabapostile bakhe 13:1-20

EYerusalem UYuda ufaniswa engumngcatshi kwaye uyagxothwa 26:21-25 14:18-21 22:21-23 13:21-30

EYerusalem Isidlo sangokuhlwa seSikhumbuzo sisungulwa nabali-11 26:26-29 14:22-25 22:19, 20, 24-30 [1 Kor. 11:23-25]

EYerusalem Uxela kwangaphambili ukukhanyelwa kwakhe nguPetros nokubaleka kwabapostile 26:31-35 14:27-31 22:31-38 13:31-38

EYerusalem UMthetheleli; ukuthandana; imbandezelo; umthandazo kaYesu 14:1–17:26

EGetsemane Intlungu engcungcuthekisayo emyezweni; ukungcatshwa nokubanjwa kukaYesu 26:30, 36-56 14:26, 32-52 22:39-53 18:1-12

EYerusalem Uncinwa nguAnas; ityala lakhe lithethwa nguKayafa, yiNtlanganiso Yamatyala; uPetros uyamkhanyela 26:57–27:1 14:53–15:1 22:54-71 18:13-27

EYerusalem UYuda umngcatshi uyazixhoma 27:3-10 [IZe. 1:18, 19]

EYerusalem Uphambi koPilato, andule ke asiwe kuHerode, aze ke abuyele kuPilato 27:2, 11-14 15:1-5 23:1-12 18:28-38

EYerusalem Unikelwa ekufeni, emva kokuba uPilato ebefuna ukumkhulula 27:15-30 15:6-19 23:13-25 18:39–19:16

(c. neyesi-3 emva kwemini, ngoLwesihlanu) EGologota, eYerusalem Ukufa kukaYesu emthini wentuthumbo, neziganeko ezihambisana nako 27:31-56 15:20-41 23:26-49 19:16-30

EYerusalem Umzimba kaYesu wothulwa kumthi wentuthumbo uze ungcwatywe 27:57-61 15:42-47 23:50-56 19:31-42

Nisan 15 EYerusalem Ababingeleli nabaFarisi bayalela ukulindwa kwengcwaba 27:62-66

Nisan 16 EYerusalem nakwingingqi yayo Uvuko lukaYesu neziganeko zaloo mini 28:1-15 16:1-8 24:1-49 20:1-25

a. Nisan 16 EYerusalem; eGalili Ukubonakala kamva ngokufuthi kukaYesu Kristu 28:16-20 [1 Kor. 15:5-7] [IZe. 1:3-8] 20:26–21:25

Iyyar 25KwiNtaba yemiNquma, ngaseBhetani Unyuko lukaYesu, ngosuku lwama-40 emva kokuvuka kwakhe [IZe. 1:9-12] 24:50-53

Imibuzo esekelwe kwisicangca esigubungela “Iziganeko Eziphawulekayo Kubomi BukaYesu Basemhlabeni”:

(a) Xela ezinye iziganeko ezibalaseleyo ezehla ebudeni bobulungiseleli bukaYesu ukuza kuthi ga ngexesha lokubanjwa kukaYohane uMbhaptizi.

(b) Xela indawo nonyaka ezehla ngawo ezi ziganeko zilandelayo: ⁽¹⁾ Ukubizwa kukaSimon noAndreya, uYakobi noYohane. ⁽²⁾ Ukunyulwa kwabapostile abali-12. ⁽³⁾ INtshumayelo YaseNtabeni. ⁽⁴⁾ Ukwenziwa kumila kumbi. ⁽⁵⁾ Ukuvuswa kukaLazaro kwelabafileyo. ⁽⁶⁾ Ukutyelela kukaYesu kwikhaya likaZakeyu.

(c) Xela eminye yemimangaliso ebalaseleyo kaYesu; xela ixesha nendawo eyenzeka kuyo.

(d) Ziziphi ezinye iziganeko eziphawulekayo ezinento yokwenza noYesu ezenzeka ngoNisan 8 kuse kuNisan 16, 33 C.E.?

(e) Yiyiphi eminye yemizekeliso ebalaseleyo awayenzayo uYesu ebudeni bobulungiseleli bakhe basemhlabeni?

ISICANGCA SEMINYAKA EPHAWULEKAYO EMBALINI

Imiqondiso: u-a. umela “emva”; u-b. umela “ngaphambi”; u-c. umela “malunga.”

Unyaka Isiganeko Imbekiselo

isiprofeto sokuqala

b. 3896 B.C.E. UKayin ubulala uAbheli Gen. 4:8

3896 B.C.E. Ukuzalwa kukaSete Gen. 5:3

3404 B.C.E. Ukuzalwa kukaEnoki olilungisa Gen. 5:18

3339 B.C.E. Ukuzalwa kukaMethusela Gen. 5:21

3152 B.C.E. Ukuzalwa kukaLameki Gen. 5:25

3096 B.C.E. Ukufa kuka-Adam Gen. 5:5

2970 B.C.E. Ukuzalwa kukaNowa Gen. 5:28, 29

2490 B.C.E. Isihlabo sikaThixo esiya kuluntu Gen. 6:3

2470 B.C.E.Ukuzalwa kukaYafete Gen. 5:32; 9:24; 10:21

2468 B.C.E.Ukuzalwa kukaShem Gen. 7:11; 11:10

2370 B.C.E.Ukufa kukaMethusela Gen. 5:27

Ukuna koMkhukula (ekwindla)Gen. 7:6, 11

2369 B.C.E.Ukwenziwa komnqophiso wasemva koMkhukula Gen. 8:13; 9:16

2368 B.C.E.Ukuzalwa kuka-Arpakishadi Gen. 11:10

a. 2269 B.C.E.Ukwakhiwa kweNqaba yaseBhabheli Gen. 11:4

2020 B.C.E.Ukufa kukaNowa Gen. 9:28, 29

2018 B.C.E.Ukuzalwa kuka-Abraham Gen. 11:26, 32; 12:4

b. 1933 B.C.E.ULote uyahlangulwa; uAbraham utyelela uMelkitsedeke Gen. 14:16, 18; 16:3

1932 B.C.E.Kuzalwa uIshmayeli Gen. 16:15, 16

1919 B.C.E.Kwenziwa umnqophiso wolwaluko Gen. 17:1, 10, 24

Umgwebo weSodom neGomora Gen. 19:24

1881 B.C.E.Ukufa kukaSara Gen. 17:17; 23:1

1878 B.C.E.Umtshato kaIsake noRebheka Gen. 25:20

1868 B.C.E.Ukufa kukaShem Gen. 11:11

1858 B.C.E.Ukuzalwa kukaEsawu noYakobi Gen. 25:26

1843 B.C.E.Ukufa kuka-Abraham Gen. 25:7

1818 B.C.E.UEsawu utshata abafazi ababini bokuqala Gen. 26:34

1795 B.C.E.Ukufa kukaIshmayeli Gen. 25:17

1781 B.C.E.UYakobi usabela kwaHaran, umbono wakhe eBheteli Gen. 28:2, 13, 19

1774 B.C.E.UYakobi utshata uLeya noRakeli Gen. 29:23-30

1767 B.C.E.Ukuzalwa kukaYosefu Gen. 30:23, 24

1761 B.C.E.UYakobi ubuyela kwaKanan evela kwaHaran Gen. 31:18, 41

1750 B.C.E.UYosefu uthengiswa ngabantakwabo njengekhoboka Gen. 37:2, 28

1738 B.C.E.Ukufa kukaIsake Gen. 35:28, 29

1737 B.C.E.UYosefu wenziwa inkulu baphathiswa yaseYiputa Gen. 41:40, 46

1728 B.C.E.UYakobi nentsapho yakhe yonke bafika eYiputa Gen. 45:6; 46:26; 47:9

1711 B.C.E.Ukufa kukaYakobi Gen. 47:28

1657 B.C.E.Ukufa kukaYosefu Gen. 50:26

b. 1613 B.C.E.Ukulingwa kukaYobhi Yobhi 1:8; 42:16

a. 1600 B.C.E.IYiputa ibalasela njengegunya lokuqala lehlabathi Eks. 1:8

1593 B.C.E.Ukuzalwa kukaMoses Eks. 2:2, 10

1553 B.C.E.UMoses uzinikela njengomkhululi; usabela kwaMidiyan Eks. 2:11, 14, 15; IZe. 7:23

c. 1514 B.C.E.UMoses ukwityholo elitshayo Eks. 3:2

1512 B.C.E.Itabarnekile iyagqitywa ukwakhiwa Eks. 40:17

Ukumiselwa kobubingeleli kwindlu ka-Aron Lev. 8:34-36

UMoses ugqiba ukubhala iEksodus neLevitikus Lev. 27:34; Num. 1:1

c. 1473 B.C.E.UMoses ugqiba ukubhala incwadi kaYobhi Yobhi 42:16, 17

1473 B.C.E.UMoses ugqiba ukubhala iNumeri kumaThafa akwaMowabhi Num. 35:1; 36:13

Kwenziwa umnqophiso noSirayeli kwaMowabhi Dut. 29:1

UMoses ubhala iDuteronomi Dut. 1:1, 3

UMoses ufela kwiNtaba iNebho kwaMowabhi Dut. 34:1, 5, 7

USirayeli ungena kwaKanan ekhokelwa nguYoshuwa Yosh. 4:19

1467 B.C.E.Eyona ndawo inkulu yeli lizwe iyoyiswa; ukuphela ‘kweminyaka engathi ingama-450’ yeZenzo 13:17-20Yosh. 11:23; 14:7, 10-15

c. 1450 B.C.E.Ukugqitywa kokubhalwa kwencwadi kaYoshuwa Yosh. 1:1; 24:26

Ukufa kukaYoshuwa Yosh. 24:29

1117 B.C.E.USamuweli uthambisa uSawule njengokumkani wakwaSirayeli 1 Sam. 10:24; IZe. 13:21

1107 B.C.E.Ukuzalwa kukaDavide eBhetelehem 1 Sam. 16:1

c. 1100 B.C.E.USamuweli ugqiba ukubhala incwadi yaBagwebi ABagwe. 21:25

c. 1090 B.C.E.USamuweli ugqiba ukubhala incwadi kaRute Rute 4:18-22

c. 1078 B.C.E.Ukugqitywa kokubhalwa kwencwadi yoku-1 kaSamuweli 1 Sam. 31:6

1077 B.C.E.UDavide uba ngukumkani wakwaYuda eHebron 2 Sam. 2:4

c. 1040 B.C.E.UGadi noNatan bagqiba ukubhala eyesi-2 kaSamuweli 2 Sam. 24:18

1034 B.C.E.Kuqalisa ukwakhiwa kwetempile nguSolomon 1 Kum. 6:1

1027 B.C.E.Itempile yaseYerusalem iyagqitywa ukwakhiwa 1 Kum. 6:38

c. 1020 B.C.E.USolomon ugqiba ukubhala INgoma yazo iiNgoma INgoma 1:1

b. 1000 B.C.E.USolomon ugqiba ukubhala incwadi yeNtshumayeli INtshu. 1:1

993 B.C.E.UShishaki ungenela uYuda aze athabathe ubuncwane etempileni 1 Kum. 14:25, 26

977 B.C.E.UAsa uba ngukumkani wakwaYuda esikhundleni sika-Abhiyam 1 Kum. 15:9, 10

c. 976 B.C.E.UNadabhi uba ngukumkani wakwaSirayeli esikhundleni sikaYarobheham 1 Kum. 14:20

c. 975 B.C.E.UBhahesha uba ngukumkani wakwaSirayeli esikhundleni sikaNadabhi 1 Kum. 15:33

c. 951 B.C.E.UZimri uba ngukumkani wakwaSirayeli esikhundleni sikaEla 1 Kum. 16:15

c. 947 B.C.E.UOmri uba ngukumkani olawula yedwa wakwaSirayeli 1 Kum. 16:22, 23

c. 940 B.C.E.UAhabhi uba ngukumkani wakwaSirayeli esikhundleni sikaOmri 1 Kum. 16:29

c. 919 B.C.E.UAhaziya uba ngukumkani olawula yedwa wakwaSirayeli emva koAhabhi 1 Kum. 22:51, 52

913 B.C.E.UYehoram wakwaYuda ‘uba ngukumkani,’ noYehoshafati 2 Kum. 8:16, 17

c. 906 B.C.E.UAhaziya uba ngukumkani wakwaYuda ngemva koYehoram 2 Kum. 8:25, 26

c. 905 B.C.E.UKumkanikazi uAtaliya urhwaphiliza ulawulo lwakwaYuda 2 Kum. 11:1-3

876 B.C.E.UYehowahazi uba ngukumkani wakwaSirayeli esikhundleni sikaYehu 2 Kum. 13:1

c. 859 B.C.E.UYehohashe uba ngukumkani olawula yedwa wakwaSirayeli esikhundleni sikaYehowahazi 2 Kum. 13:10

c. 844 B.C.E.UYarobheham II uba ngukumkani wakwaSirayeli esikhundleni sikaYehohashe 2 Kum. 14:23

UYona ugqiba ukubhala incwadi kaYona Yona 1:1, 2

829 B.C.E.U-Uziya (uAzariya) uba ngukumkani wakwaYuda esikhundleni sika-Amatsiya 2 Kum. 15:1, 2

c. 820 B.C.E.Kusenokuba kubhalwa incwadi kaYoweli Yoweli 1:1

c. 804 B.C.E.UAmosi ugqiba ukubhala incwadi ka-Amosi Amosi 1:1

c. 780 B.C.E.UPekaya uba ngukumkani wakwaSirayeli esikhundleni sikaMenahem 2 Kum. 15:23

c. 778 B.C.E.UPeka uba ngukumkani wakwaSirayeli esikhundleni sikaPekaya 2 Kum. 15:27

c. 778 B.C.E.UIsaya uqalisa ukuprofeta Isa. 1:1; 6:1

777 B.C.E.UYotam uba ngukumkani wakwaYuda esikhundleni sikaUziya (uAzariya)2 Kum. 15:32, 33

c. 761 B.C.E.UAhazi uba ngukumkani wakwaYuda esikhundleni sikaYotam 2 Kum. 16:1, 2

c. 758 B.C.E.UHoseya ‘uqalisa ukuba’ ngukumkani wakwaSirayeli 2 Kum. 15:30

745 B.C.E.UHezekiya uba ngukumkani wakwaYuda esikhundleni sika-Ahazi 2 Kum. 18:1, 2

a. 745 B.C.E.UHoseya ugqiba ukubhala incwadi kaHoseya Hos. 1:1

740 B.C.E.IAsiriya yoyisa uSirayeli, ithimba elakwaSamari 2 Kum. 17:6, 13, 18

732 B.C.E.USaneribhe ungenela uYuda 2 Kum. 18:13

a. 732 B.C.E.UIsaya ugqiba ukubhala incwadi kaIsaya Isa. 1:1

b. 717 B.C.E.UMika ugqiba ukubhala incwadi kaMika Mika 1:1

c. 717 B.C.E.Ukuhlanganiswa kweMizekeliso kuyagqitywa IMize. 25:1

661 B.C.E.UAmon uba ngukumkani wakwaYuda esikhundleni sikaManase 2 Kum. 21:19

659 B.C.E.UYosiya uba ngukumkani wakwaYuda esikhundleni sika-Amon 2 Kum. 22:1

b. 648 B.C.E.UZefaniya ugqiba ukubhala incwadi kaZefaniya Zef. 1:1

647 B.C.E.UYeremiya uthunywa njengomprofeti Yer. 1:1, 2, 9, 10

b. 632 B.C.E.UNahum ugqiba ukubhala incwadi kaNahum Nah. 1:1

632 B.C.E.INineve iwela kumaKhaledi namaMedi Nah. 3:7

Ngoku iBhabhiloni iza kuba ligunya lesithathu lehlabathi

628 B.C.E.UYehowahazi, ilandela likaYosiya, ulawula njengokumkani wakwaYuda 2 Kum. 23:31

UYehoyakim uba ngukumkani wakwaYuda esikhundleni sikaYehowahazi 2 Kum. 23:36

c. 628 B.C.E.UHabhakuki ugqiba ukubhala incwadi kaHabhakuki Hab. 1:1

618 B.C.E.UYehoyakin uba ngukumkani wakwaYuda emva koYehoyakim 2 Kum. 24:6, 8

617 B.C.E.UNebhukadenetsare uthimbela amaYuda okuqala eBhabhiloni Dan. 1:1-4

UZedekiya wenziwa ukumkani wakwaYuda 2 Kum. 24:12-18

613 B.C.E.UHezekile uqalisa ukuprofeta Hez. 1:1-3

609 B.C.E.UNebhukadenetsare uhlasela uYuda okwesithathu; uqalisa ukungqinga iYerusalem 2 Kum. 25:1, 2

607 B.C.E.Yinyanga yesihlanu (uAbhi), itempile iyachithwa neYerusalem iyatshatyalaliswa 2 Kum. 25:8-10; Yer. 52:12-14

UYeremiya ubhala iZililo Intshayelelo yeZili., LXX

c. 607 B.C.E.UObhadiya ubhala incwadi kaObhadiya Obad. 1

c. 591 B.C.E.UHezekile ugqiba ukubhala incwadi kaHezekile Hez. 40:1; 29:17

580 B.C.E.Kugqitywa ukubhalwa kwencwadi yoku-1 neyesi-2 yooKumkani nekaYeremiya Yer. 52:31; 2 Kum. 25:27

c. 536 B.C.E.UDaniyeli ugqiba ukubhala incwadi kaDaniyeli Dan. 10:1

536 B.C.E.Ukwakhiwa kwesiseko setempile nguZerubhabheli Ezra 3:8-10

522 B.C.E.Umsebenzi wokwakha itempile uyavalwa Ezra 4:23, 24

520 B.C.E.UHagayi ugqiba ukubhala incwadi kaHagayi Hag. 1:1

518 B.C.E.UZekariya ugqiba ukubhala incwadi kaZekariya Zek. 1:1

515 B.C.E.UZerubhabheli ugqiba ukwakha itempile yesibini Ezra 6:14, 15

c. 475 B.C.E.UMordekayi ugqiba ukubhala incwadi kaEstere Estere 3:7; 9:32

468 B.C.E.UEzra nababingeleli babuyela eYerusalem Ezra 7:7

c. 460 B.C.E.UEzra ugqiba ukubhala incwadi yoku-1 neyesi-2 yeziKronike nekaEzra; ukuhlanganiswa kokugqibela kweyeeNdumiso Ezra 1:1; 2 Kron. 36:22

455 B.C.E.Iindonga zeYerusalem ziyakhiwa kwakhona nguNehemiya; isiprofeto seeveki ezingama-70 siyazaliseka Neh. 1:1; 2:1, 11; 6:15; Dan. 9:24

a. 443 B.C.E.UNehemiya ugqiba ukubhala incwadi kaNehemiya Neh. 5:14

UMalaki ugqiba ukubhala incwadi kaMalaki Mal. 1:1

406 B.C.E.Ngokucacileyo kugqitywa ukwakhiwa kwakhona kweYerusalem Dan. 9:25

332 B.C.E.IGrisi, igunya lesihlanu lehlabathi, ilawula elakwaYuda Dan. 8:21

c. 280 B.C.E.Kuqaliswa ukubhalwa kweSeptuagint yesiGrike

165 B.C.E.Ukunikezelwa kwakhona kwetempile emva kokuhlanjelwa ngonqulo-zithixo lwamaGrike; uMthendeleko wokuHlaziywa kweTempile Yoh. 10:22

63 B.C.E.IRoma, igunya lesithandathu lehlabathi, ilawula iYerusalem Yoh. 19:15; ISityhi. 17:10

c. 37 B.C.E.UHerode (ukumkani omiselwe yiRoma) uthimba iYerusalem

2 B.C.E.Ukuzalwa kukaYohane uMbhaptizi nokukaYesu Luka 1:60; 2:7

29 C.E.UYohane noYesu baqalisa ubulungiseleli babo Luka 3:1, 2, 23

33 C.E.Nisan 14: uYesu uba lidini elisisiseko somnqophiso omtsha; ubethelelwa emthini Luka 22:20; 23:33

Nisan 16: uvuko lukaYesu Mat. 28:1-10

c. 41 C.E.UMateyu ubhala incwadi yeVangeli ebizwa ngokuthi “Mateyu”

c. 47-48 C.E.UPawulos uqalisa ukhenketho lokuqala lobuvangeli basemazweni IZe. 13:1–14:28

c. 49 C.E.Iqumrhu elilawulayo lenza isigqibo sokuba akuyomfuneko ngamakholwa aziintlanga ukuba aluke IZe. 15:28, 29

c. 49-52 C.E.Ukhenketho lukaPawulos lwesibini lobuvangeli basemazweni IZe. 15:36–18:22

c. 50 C.E.UPawulos ubhala eyoku-1 kwabaseTesalonika eseKorinte 1 Tes. 1:1

c. 51 C.E.UPawulos ubhala eyesi-2 kwabaseTesalonika eseKorinte 2 Tes. 1:1

c. 52-56 C.E.Ukhenketho lukaPawulos lwesithathu lobuvangeli basemazweni IZe. 18:23–21:19

c. 55 C.E.UPawulos ubhala eyoku-1 kwabaseKorinte ese-Efese neyesi-2 kwabaseKorinte eseMakedoni 1 Kor. 15:32; 2 Kor. 2:12, 13

c. 56 C.E.UPawulos ubhala incwadi eya kwabaseRoma eseKorinte Roma 16:1

c. 56-58 C.E.ULuka ubhala incwadi yeVangeli ebizwa ngokuthi “Luka”Luka 1:1, 2

c. 60-61 C.E.EseRoma uPawulos ubhala :eyabase-Efese Efe. 3:1

eyabaseFilipi Fil. 4:22

eyabaseKolose Kol. 4:18

eya kuFilemon Filem. 1

c. 61 C.E.UPawulos ubhala incwadi eya kumaHebhere eseRoma Heb. 13:24; 10:34

ULuka ugqiba ukubhala incwadi yeZenzo eRoma

b. 62 C.E.UYakobi, umntakwabo Yesu, ubhala incwadi ebizwa ngokuthi “Yakobi” eseYerusalem Yak. 1:1

c. 60-65 C.E.UMarko ubhala incwadi yeVangeli ebizwa ngokuthi “Marko”

c. 61-64 C.E.UPawulos ubhala eyoku-1 kuTimoti eseMakedoni 1 Tim. 1:3

UPawulos ubhala eya kuTito eseMakedoni (?)Tito 1:5

c. 62-64 C.E.UPetros ubhala eyoku-1 kaPetros eseBhabhiloni 1 Pet.1:1; 5:13

c. 64 C.E. UPetros ubhala eyesi-2 kaPetros eseBhabhiloni (?)2 Pet. 1:1

c. 65 C.E.UPawulos ubhala eyesi-2 kuTimoti eseRoma 2 Tim. 4:16-18

UYuda, umntakwabo Yesu, ubhala incwadi “KaYuda”Yuda 1, 17, 18

70 C.E.IYerusalem netempile yayo zitshatyalaliswa ngamaRoma Dan. 9:27; Mat. 23:37, 38; Luka 19:42-44

c. 96 C.E.EsePatmos, uYohane ubhala ISityhilelo ISityhi. 1:9

c. 98 C.E.UYohane ubhala incwadi yeVangeli ebizwa ngokuthi “Yohane” nencwadi yakhe yoku-1, yesi-2 neyesi-3 kaYohane; ukubhalwa kweBhayibhile kuyagqitywa Yoh. 21:22, 23

c. 100 C.E.UYohane, owokugqibela kubapostile, uyafa 2 Tes. 2:7

PHAWULA: Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuba ngoxa iminyaka emininzi kule kuqinisekiwe ngayo, kweminye kunikelwe imihla esondeleyo, ngokusekelwe kubungqina obufumanekayo. Injongo yokwenziwa kwesi sicangca asikokumisela iminyaka engenakuguqulwa kwisiganeko ngasinye kodwa ikukunceda abafundi beBhayibhile bazi ixesha lokwehla kweziganeko kumsinga wexesha baze babone ukuhlobana kwazo.

Imibuzo kothi “Isicangca Seminyaka Ephawulekayo Embalini” nothi “Uludwe Lweencwadi ZeBhayibhile”:

(a) Ngokuthelekisa ezi zicangca zibini, xela abanye abaprofeti nababhali beBhayibhile ababephila ⁽¹⁾ ngaphambi kokumiselwa kobukumkani bukaSirayeli ngowe-1117 B.C.E., ⁽²⁾ ebudeni bexesha lobukumkani bakwaSirayeli nobakwaYuda, ⁽³⁾ ebudeni bexesha elisusela ekuqaleni kokuthinjelwa eBhabhiloni ukusa ekugqityweni kwemibhalo yeZibhalo zesiHebhere.

(b) Chaza ixesha lokubhalwa kweencwadi zikaPawulos ngokuhlobene nokhenketho lwakhe lobuvangeli basemazweni.

(c) Ziziphi ezinye iingongoma ezibangel’ umdla oziphawulayo ngokuphathelele ixesha lokubhalwa kwezinye iincwadi zeZibhalo zamaKristu zesiGrike?

(d) Nxulumanisa aba bantu balandelayo nesiganeko esithile esiphawulekayo embalini yeBhayibhile, ubonisa enoba baphila ngaphambi okanye ngasemva kweso siganeko, okanye banxulumanise nabanye abantu ababephila kwangelo xesha: UShem, uSamuweli, uMethusela, uLote, uKumkani uSawule, uDavide, uYobhi, uKumkani uHoseya wakwaSirayeli, uSolomon, uAron, uKumkani uZedekiya wakwaYuda.

(e) Ziziphi iziganeko eziphawulekayo ezehla ngexesha lokuphila ⁽¹⁾ kukaNowa, ⁽²⁾ kuka-Abraham, ⁽³⁾ kukaMoses?

(f) Ngqamanisa le minyaka ilandelayo (yee-B.C.E.) nezi ziganeko ziphawulekayo zidweliswe ngezantsi: 4026, 2370, 1943, 1513, 1473, 1117, 997, 740, 607, 539, 537, 455.

Ukudalwa kuka-Adam

Ukwenziwa komnqophiso womthetho eSinayi

Ukutshatyalaliswa kweYerusalem

Ukubuyela kwamaYuda eYerusalem ngokomyalelo kaKoreshi

Ukuqaliswa kokubhalwa kweBhayibhile ephefumlelweyo

Ukuqala koMkhukula

Ukuwela kweBhabhiloni kumaMedi namaPersi

Ukuthanjiswa kokumkani wokuqala wakwaSirayeli

Ukuwela kuka-Abraham umEfrati; umnqophiso ka-Abraham uqalisa ukusebenza

Ukwahlukana kobukumkani bakwaSirayeli nobakwaYuda

Ukubhukuqwa kobukumkani basentla ngama-Asiriya

Ukwakhiwa kwakhona kweendonga zeYerusalem nguNehe- miya

Ukukhululwa kwamaSirayeli eYiputa

Ukukhokela kukaYoshuwa amaSirayeli kwaKanan

Ukuphanziswa kweYerusalem kangangeminyaka engama-70 kufikelela esiphelweni

[Isicangca esikwiphepha 298]

ULUDWE LWEENCWADI ZEBHAYIBHILE

(Eminye imihla [neendawo ekwabhalelwa kuzo] akuqinisekwanga ngazo. U-a. umela “emva”; u-b., “ngaphambi”; no-c, umela “malunga.”)

Iincwadi ZeZibhalo ZesiHebhere Ngaphambi Kwexesha Eliqhelekileyo (B.C.E.)

Eksodus Moses Entlango 1512 1657 kuse 1512

Duteronomi Moses Kumathafa akwaMowabhi 1473 Inyanga ezi-2 (kowe-1473)

Yoshuwa Yoshuwa KwaKanan c.1450 1473 kuse c. 1450

ABagwebi Samuweli KwaSirayeli c.1100 c. 1450 kuse c. 1120

2 Samuweli Gadi; noNatan KwaSirayeli c.1040 1077 kuse c. 1040

Ezra Ezra EYerusalem c.460 537 kuse c. 467

Nehemiya Nehemiya EYerusalem a.443 456 kuse a. 443

IiNdumiso Davide nabanye c.460

INtshumayeli Solomon EYerusalem b.1000

Isaya Isaya EYerusalem a.732 c. 778 kuse a. 732

Yeremiya Yeremiya KwaYuda/EYiputa 580 647 kuse 580

IZililo Yeremiya NgaseYerusalem 607

Hezekile Hezekile EBhabhiloni c.591 613 kuse c. 591

Daniyeli Daniyeli EBhabhiloni c.536 618 kuse c. 536

Yoweli Yoweli KwaYuda c.820 (?)

Amosi Amosi KwaYuda c.804

Obhadiya Obhadiya c.607

Yona Yona c.844

Mika Mika KwaYuda b.717 c. 777 kuse 717

Nahum Nahum KwaYuda b.632

Habhakuki Habhakuki KwaYuda c.628 (?)

Zefaniya Zefaniya KwaYuda b.648

Zekariya Zekariya EYerusalem 518 520 kuse 518

Malaki Malaki EYerusalem a.443

Iincwadi ZeZibhalo ZesiGrike Ezabhalwa Ebudeni BeXesha Eliqhelekileyo (C.E.)

Mateyu Mateyu EPalestina c.41 2 B.C.E. kuse 33 C.E.

Marko Marko ERoma c.60 kuse 65 29 kuse 33 C.E.

Luka Luka EKesareya c.56 kuse 58 3 B.C.E. kuse 33 C.E.

IZenzo Luka ERoma c.61 33 kuse c. 61 C.E.

Roma Pawulos EKorinte c.56

1 Korinte Pawulos E-Efese c.55

2 Korinte Pawulos EMakedoni c.55

Efese Pawulos ERoma c.60 kuse 61

Filipi Pawulos ERoma c.60 kuse 61

Kolose Pawulos ERoma c.60 kuse 61

1 Tesalonika Pawulos EKorinte c.50

2 Tesalonika Pawulos EKorinte c.51

1 Timoti Pawulos EMakedoni c.61 kuse 64

2 Timoti Pawulos ERoma c.65

Tito Pawulos EMakedoni (?) c.61 kuse 64

Filemon Pawulos ERoma c.60 kuse 61

Hebhere Pawulos ERoma c.61

1 Petros Petros EBhabhiloni c.62 kuse 64

2 Petros Petros EBhabhiloni (?) c.64