Mweya

Bhaibheri rinotii zvinotibatsira kunzwisisa kuti mweya chii?

Gen. 2:7: “Jehovha Mwari akatanga kuumba munhu neguruva revhu akafuridzira mumhino dzake mhepo yokufema youpenyu, munhu akava mweya mupenyu.” (Onai kuti pano hapasi kuti munhu akapiwa mweya asi kuti akava mweya, munhu mupenyu.) (Chikamu cheshoko rechiHebheru rakashandurwa pano kuti “mweya” ndineʹphesh. KJ, AS, neDy anobvumirana neshanduro iyi. RS, JB, NAB, Kx anoti “munhu.” BR inoti “chisikwa.”)

1 VaK. 15:45: “Zvakatonyorwa kuti: ‘Munhu wokutanga Adhamu akava mweya mupenyu.’ Adhamu wokupedzisira akava mudzimu unopa upenyu.” (Saka Magwaro echiKristu echiGiriki anobvumirana neMagwaro echiHebheru nezvokuti mweya chii.) (Shoko rechiGiriki rinoshandurwa pano kuti “mweya” ndipsy·kheʹ. KJ, AS, Dy, JB, NAB, uye Kx anotiwo “mweya.” RS, BR, neTEV anoti “munhu.”)

1 Pet. 3:20: “Mumazuva aNoa . . . vanhu vashoma, iyo mweya misere, yakatakurwa yakachengeteka nomumvura.” (Shoko rechiGiriki rakashandurwa pano kuti “mweya” ndipsy·khaiʹ, uzhinji hweshoko rokuti psy·kheʹ. KJ, AS, Dy, uye Kx anotiwo “mweya.” JB, TEV, RS, NE, neNAB anoti “vanhu.”)

Gen. 9:5: “Uyewo, ndichabvunza ropa remweya yenyu [kana kuti, “upenyu”; muchiHebheru neʹphesh]. (Pano mweya uri kunzi une ropa.)

Josh. 11:11: “Vakauraya mweya yose [muchiHebheru, neʹphesh] yaiva mariri nomuromo webakatwa.” (Pano mweya uri kunzi unogona kubayiwa nebakatwa, saka mweya iyi haigoni kunge yaiva midzimu.)

Bhaibheri rinotaura papi kuti mhuka mweya?

Gen. 1:20, 21, 24, 25: “Mwari akabva ati: ‘Mvura ngaizare nemweya mipenyu mizhinji* . . . ’ Mwari akatanga kusika mhuka huru dzomugungwa nemweya yose mipenyu inofamba-famba, zvikazara mumvura maererano nemarudzi azvo, nezvisikwa zvose zvine mapapiro zvinobhururuka maererano nemarudzi azvo. . . . Mwari akabva ati: ‘Nyika ngaibudise mweya mipenyu maererano nemarudzi ayo . . . ’ Mwari akatanga kuita mhuka dzomusango dzenyika maererano nemarudzi adzo nezvipfuwo maererano nemarudzi azvo nezvinokambaira zvose zvenyika maererano nemarudzi azvo.” (*MuchiHebheru shoko racho pano ndineʹphesh. Ro inoti “mweya.” Dzimwe shanduro dzinoti “zvisikwa.”)

Revh. 24:17, 18: “Zvino kana munhu akarova mweya [chiHebheru, neʹphesh] womunhu ukafa, chokwadi iye anofanira kuurayiwa. Anouraya mweya wechipfuwo [chiHebheru, neʹphesh] anofanira kuuripa, mweya nokuda kwomweya.” (Onai kuti shoko iroro rechiHebheru rokuti mweya rinoshanda kuvanhu nemhuka.)

Zvak. 16:3: “Rakava ropa seromunhu akafa, uye mweya mipenyu* yose yakafa, chokwadi, izvo zvinhu zvaiva mugungwa.” (Nokudaro Magwaro echiKristu echiGiriki anoratidzawo kuti mhuka mweya.) (*MuchiGiriki, shoko racho pano ndipsy·kheʹ. KJ, AS, uye Dy anorishandura kuti “mweya.” Vamwe vashanduri vanoshandisa shoko rokuti “chisikwa” kana kuti “chinhu.”)

Dzimwe nyanzvi dzisiri Zvapupu zvaJehovha dzinobvuma here kuti izvi ndizvo zvinotaurwa neBhaibheri nezvemweya?

“Testamende Yekare haitauri nezvokuparadzana kwemuviri nemweya. MuIsraeri aiona zvinhu sezvazviri, zvakakwana, saka aiona vanhu sevanhu kwete sechinhu chinoumbwa nezvizhinji. Shoko rokuti nepeš [neʹphesh], kunyange zvazvo rakashandurwa pachishandiswa shoko redu rokuti mweya, harimborevi mweya sewakaparadzana nomuviri kana kuti nomunhu pachake. . . . Shoko rokuti [psy·kheʹ] ishoko reTestamende Itsva rinoenderana nerokuti nepeš. Rinogona kureva musimboti woupenyu, upenyu pachahwo kana kuti munhu.”—New Catholic Encyclopedia (1967), Vol. XIII, mapeji 449, 450.

“Shoko rechiHebheru rinoreva ‘mweya’ (nefesh, chinhu chinofema) rakashandiswa naMosesi . . . , richimiririra ‘chinhu chine upenyu’ uye rinoshanda zvakafanana kuzvinhu zvisiri vanhu. . . . Kushandiswa kweshoko rokuti psychē (‘mweya’) muTestamende Itsva kwakanga kwakafanana nanefesh.”—The New Encyclopædia Britannica (1976), Macropædia, Vol. 15, peji 152.

“Pane kuti ive nyaya yokutenda, pfungwa yokuti mweya unoramba uchirarama pashure pokunge muviri wafa inyaya yokufungidzira kunoitwa nevazivi kana kuti vanodzidza nezvechitendero, uye hapana painombodzidziswa muMagwaro Matsvene.”—The Jewish Encyclopedia (1910), Vol. VI, peji 564.

Mweya womunhu unofa here?

Ezek. 18:4: “Tarirai! Mweya yose—ndeyangu. Mweya wababa nomweya womwanakomanawo—ndeyangu. Mweya* unotadza—ndiwo uchafa.” (*ChiHebheru chinoti “neʹphesh.” KJ, AS, RS, NE, uye Dy anorishandura kuti “mweya.” Dzimwe shanduro dzinoti “munhu.”)

Mat. 10:28: “Musatya vaya vanouraya muviri asi vasingagoni kuuraya mweya [kana kuti, “upenyu”]; asi ityai iye anogona kuparadza mweya* nomuviri muGehena.” (*ChiGiriki chinoti psy·kheʹ. KJ, AS, RS, NE, TEV, Dy, JB, uye NAB ose anorishandura kuti “mweya.”)

Mab. 3:23: “Chokwadi, chero mweya [chiGiriki, psy·kheʹ] upi zvawo usingateereri Muprofita iyeye uchaparadzwa zvachose pakati pevanhu.”

Zvinoita here kuti mweya yevanhu irarame nokusingaperi?

Ona mapeji 356-361, pasi pemusoro unoti “Upenyu.”

Mweya nomudzimu zvakafanana here?

Mup. 12:7: ‘Pashure paizvozvo guruva rinodzokera kuivhu sezvarakanga rakaita uye mudzimu [kana kuti, simba roupenyu; chiHebheru, ruʹach] unodzokera kuna Mwari wechokwadi akaupa.’ (Onai kuti shoko rechiHebheru rinoreva mudzimu ndiruʹach; asi shoko rakashandurwa kuti mweya ndineʹphesh. Ndima yacho hairevi kuti panofa munhu mudzimu unofamba uchienda kuna Mwari; pane kudaro, Mwari ndiye anoita kuti munhu ave netariro yokuzoraramazve. Saizvozvowo, tinogona kuti, kana munhu anenge atenga chimwe chinhu asina kubhabhara mubhadharo wacho, chinhu chacho “chinodzokera” kumuridzi wacho.) (KJ, AS, RS, NE, uye Dy ose pano anoshandura ruʹach kuti “mudzimu.” NAB rinoti “mhepo yokufema youpenyu.”)

Mup. 3:19: “Vanakomana vevanhu vanowirwa nomugumo uye mhuka dzinowirwa nomugumo, uye zvose zvinowirwa nomugumo wakafanana. Mafiro anoita chimwe, ndiwo mafiro anoitawo chimwe chacho; zvose zvine simba roupenyu rimwe chete [chiHebheru, ruʹach].” (Nokudaro vanhu nemhuka zvinonzi zvine ruʹach, kana kuti mudzimu wakafanana. Kuti uone tsanangudzo dzeMup 3 ndima 20, 21, ona peji 248.)

VaH. 4:12: “Shoko raMwari ibenyu uye rine simba, rakapinza kupfuura bakatwa chero ripi zvaro rinocheka nekwose uye rinobaya kusvikira panoparadzana mweya [chiGiriki, psy·khesʹ; “upenyu,” NE] nomudzimu [chiGiriki, pneuʹma·tos], uye mapfundo nemwongo yawo, uye rinokwanisa kunzwisisa kufunga nevavariro zvomwoyo.” (Onai kuti shoko rechiGiriki rinoreva kuti “mudzimu” harina kufanana neshoko rinoreva “mweya.”)

Munhu anopfuurira kurarama achiziva here kana mudzimu wabuda mumuviri?

Pis. 146:4: “Simba rake roupenyu [chiHebheru, kubva pana ruʹach] rinobuda, iye odzokera kuivhu rake; nezuva iroro pfungwa dzake dzinoparara.” (NAB, Ro, Yg, uye Dy [145:4] pano anoshandura ruʹach kuti “mudzimu.” Dzimwe shanduro dzinoti “mhepo yokufema.”) (Uyewo Pisarema 104:29)

Zvinotendwa nechiKristudhomu zvokuti mweya chinhu chisingaoneki, chisingafi zvakatanga sei?

“Dzidziso yechiKristu yomweya womudzimu wakasikwa naMwari ukaiswa mumuviri pakunambwa kuita kuti munhu ave chinhu chimwe chete chakakwana chinorarama yakabva pane zvakaitika kwenguva refu muuzivi hwechiKristu. Origen wokuMabvazuva [akafa muna c. 254 C.E.] naSt. Augustine wokuMadokero [akafa muna 430 C.E.] ndivo vakatanga kupinza nyaya yemweya pane zvokunamata uye ndivo vakatanga pfungwa yokuti mweya wakaita sei. . . . Zvimwe zvakawanda zvine chokuita nedzidziso yake [Augustine] . . . (kusanganisira zvimwe zvikanganiso) zvakabva mudzidziso dzaPlato dzemweya isingafi.”—New Catholic Encyclopedia. (1967), Vol. XIII, mapeji 452, 454.

“Pfungwa yokusafa kwemweya ipfungwa yechiGiriki, nepo tariro yorumuko ipfungwa yechiJudha. . . . Pashure pokunge Alexander akunda, chiJudha chakatanga zvishoma nezvishoma kutora pfungwa dzechiGiriki.”—Dictionnaire Encyclopédique de la Bible (Valence, France; 1935), rakapepetwa naAlexandre Westphal, Vol. 2, peji 557.

“Kusafa kwomweya ipfungwa yechiGiriki yakatangwa muzvitendero zvekare zvisinganzwisisiki ikatsanangurwa nomuzivi Plato.”—Presbyterian Life, May 1, 1970, peji 35.

“Tinodavira here kuti pane chinhu chinonzi rufu? . . . Hakusi kuparadzana kwemweya nomuviri here? Uye kufa ndiko kuguma kweizvi; mweya paunova mumweya, wobudiswa mumuviri uye muviri wobudiswa mumweya, chingava chii ichi kunze kwerufu? . . . Mweya unofa here? Kwete. Nokudaro mweya haufi? Hungu.”—Plato’s “Phaedo,” Zvikamu 64, 105, zvakabudiswa muGreat Books of the Western World (1952), rakapepetwa naR. M. Hutchins, Vol. 7, mapeji 223, 245, 246.

“Sezvataona, dambudziko rokusafa kwemweya rakabata pfungwa dzenyanzvi dzezvechitendero dzechiBhabhironi. . . . Vanhu kana kuti vatungamiriri vechitendero havana kumbofunga nezvokuti zvinoita kuti chinhu chakambovapo chitsakatike zvachose. Rufu rwaiva nzira yokuenda kune rumwe rudzi rwoupenyu.”—The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria (Boston, 1898), M. Jastrow, Jr., peji 556.

Onawo mapeji 307, 308, pasi pemusoro unoti “Rufu.”