Izifundo NgemiBhalo Ephefumlelwe Nesizinda Sayo
ISifundo Se-10—IBhayibheli—Lithembekile Futhi Liqinisile
Ukuhlanganisa kweBhayibheli umlando, amazwe, nemvelaphi yabantu; ukunemba kwalo ngokwesayensi, impucuko, namasiko; ukungagunci, ukuvumelana, nobuqotho babalobi balo; nesiprofetho salo.
1. (a) Ngokuvamile iBhayibheli lamukelwa njengani? (b) Siyini isizathu esiyisisekelo sokuvelela kweBhayibheli?
IBHAYIBHELI lamukelwa ngokuvamile njengencwadi ewubungcweti obukhulu obunobuhle bobunkondlo obedlulele nomsebenzi ophawulekayo wamadoda ayengabalobi balo. Kodwa lingokungaphezulu kakhulu kwalokho. Abalobi ngokwabo bafakaza ukuthi lokho abakuloba kwakuvela kuJehova, uNkulunkulu ongumninimandla onke ngokwakhe. Lesi isizathu esiyisisekelo sobuhle benkulumo yeBhayibheli, futhi okubaluleke nangaphezulu, ukubaluleka kwalo okwedlulele njengencwadi yolwazi nokuhlakanipha okunikeza ukuphila. UJesu, iNdodana kaNkulunkulu, wafakaza ukuthi amazwi awakhuluma “angumoya, angukuphila,” futhi wacaphuna kakhulu emiBhalweni yesiHeberu yasendulo. “Yonke imiBhalo iphefumlelwe uNkulunkulu,” kwasho umphostoli uPawulu, owakhuluma ngemiBhalo yesiHeberu ngokuthi “amazwi [angcwele, NW] kaNkulunkulu.”—Joh. 6:63; 2 Thim. 3:16; Roma 3:1, 2.
2, 3. Abalobi beBhayibheli bakufakazela kanjani ukuphefumlelwa kwalo?
2 Umphostoli uPetru wafakaza ukuthi abaprofethi bakaNkulunkulu babeshukunyiswa umoya ongcwele. INkosi uDavide yaloba: “UMoya kaJehova wakhuluma ngami; izwi lakhe lalisolimini lwami.” (2 Sam. 23:2) Abaprofethi bathi amazwi abo ayengakaJehova. UMose waxwayisa ngokunezela noma ngokususa noma yini emazwini angcwele awanikezwa uJehova. UPetru wabala izincwadi zikaPawulu njengeziphefumlelwe, futhi ngokusobala uJuda wacaphuna amazwi kaPetru njengegunya eliphefumlelwe. Ekugcineni, uJohane, umlobi wesAmbulo, wabhala njengoba ayeqondiswa umoya kaNkulunkulu futhi waxwayisa ngokuthi noma ubani onezelayo noma osusayo kulesambulo esingokwesiprofetho wayeyolandisa, hhayi kumuntu, kodwa kuNkulunkulu ngokuqondile.—1 Pet. 1:10-12; 2 Pet. 1:19-21; Dut. 4:2; 2 Pet. 3:15, 16; Juda 17, 18; IsAm. 1:1, 10; 21:5; 22:18, 19.
3 Lezizinceku zikaNkulunkulu ezizinikele zonke zafakaza ukuthi iBhayibheli liphefumlelwe futhi liyiqiniso. Kunobunye ubufakazi obuningi bobuqiniso bemiBhalo Engcwele, obunye babo sizoxoxa ngabo ngaphansi kwezihloko ezingu-12 ezilandelayo.
4. AmaJuda ngaso sonke isikhathi ayezibheka kanjani izincwadi zemiBhalo yesiHeberu?
4 (1) Ukunemba Okungokomlando. Kusukela ezikhathini zamandulo, izincwadi ezisohlwini lwezincwadi zeBhayibheli zemiBhalo YesiHeberu ziye zamukelwa amaJuda njengeziphefumlelwe nanjengezincwadi ezithembeke ngokuphelele. Kanjalo, esikhathini sikaDavide, izenzakalo ezilotshwe kuGenesise kuya kuSamuweli wokuQala zamukelwa ngokugcwele njengomlando oyiqiniso wesizwe nokusebenzelana kukaNkulunkulu naso, futhi lokhu kuchazwe eHutsheni lama-78, elibhekisela kwengaphezu kuka-35 yalemininingwane.
5. Yini abalobi basendulo abaye bayifakazela ngokuphathelene noMose nesimiso soMthetho wamaJuda?
5 Abaphikisi beBhayibheli baye bazihlasela kakhulu iziNcwadi Ezinhlanu Zokuqala, ikakhulukazi ngokuphathelene nobuqiniso bazo nomlobi. Nokho, ekwamukeleni kwamaJuda uMose njengomlobi weziNcwadi Ezinhlanu Zokuqala kunganezelwa ubufakazi babalobi basendulo, abanye babo ababeyizitha zamaJuda. UHecataeus waseAbdera, isazi-mlando saseGibithe uManetho, uLysimachus waseAlexandria, uEupolemus, uTacitus, noJuvenal bonke bathi uMose owamisa isimiso semithetho eyayihlukanisa amaJuda kwezinye izizwe, futhi iningi laphawula obala ukuthi wayiloba phansi imithetho yakhe. UNumenius, isazi sefilosofi esingumlandeli kaPythagoras, sikhuluma ngisho nangoJane noJambre njengabapristi baseGibithe abamelana noMose. (2 Thim. 3:8) Labalobi bahlanganisa inkathi esukela esikhathini sika-Alexander (ekhulwini lesine leminyaka B.C.E.), lapho amaGreki eqala ukuba nelukuluku lokwazi umlando wamaJuda, ukuya kwesoMbusi uAurelian (ekhulwini lesithathu leminyaka C.E.). Abanye abalobi abaningi basendulo babala uMose njengomholi, umbusi, noma umniki-mthetho.a Njengoba sibonile esifundweni esandulelayo, ngokuvamile okutholakale ngokuvubukula kusekela ukunemba okungokomlando kwezenzakalo ezilotshwe eBhayibhelini lapho abantu bakaNkulunkulu behlangana khona nezizwe ezizungezile.
6. Yibuphi ubufakazi obusekela ukunemba okungokomlando kwemiBhalo yesiGreki?
6 Kodwa kuthiwani ngemiBhalo YamaKristu YesiGreki? Akukhona nje kuphela ukuthi iqinisekisa ukulandisa kwemiBhalo yesiHeberu kodwa yona ngokwayo ifakazelwa njengenembile ngokomlando neqinisile nephefumlelwe ngokufanayo nemiBhalo yesiHeberu. Abalobi basitshela lokho abakuzwa futhi bakubona, ngoba babengofakazi bokuzibonela futhi ngokuvamile bangabahlanganyeli kuzo kanye izenzakalo abazilobayo. Izinkulungwane zabantu bangesikhathi sabo zazibakholelwa. Ubufakazi babo buthola ukuqinisekiswa okuqand’ ikhanda ngokuba abalobi basendulo babhekisele kubo, okukhona phakathi kwabo uJuvenal, uTacitus, uSeneca, uSuetonius, uPliny Omncane, uLucian, uCelsus, nesazi-mlando esingumJuda uJosephus.
7. (a) Yiliphi iphuzu uS. A. Allibone alivezayo ngokuphathelene nobuqiniso obuphakeme beBhayibheli? (b) Yini athi inephutha kulabo ababenqabayo lobufakazi?
7 Eloba kwethi The Union Bible Companion, uS. Austin Allibone uthi: “USir Isaac Newton . . . wayedumile futhi njengomhlaziyi wemibhalo yasendulo, futhi wahlola ngokucophelela okukhulu imiBhalo Engcwele. Siyini isinqumo sakhe kuleliphuzu? Uthi, ‘Ngithola izimpawu eziqiniseke ngokwengeziwe zokwethembeka eTestamenteni Elisha kunanoma yimuphi omunye umlando ongengcwele [wezwe].’ UDkt. Johnson uthi sinobufakazi obuningi bokuthi uJesu Kristu wafela eCalvary, njengoba kusho amaVangeli, kunesinabo bokuthi uJulius Caesar wafela eCapitol. Ngempela, sinobuningi ngokwengeziwe. Buza noma ubani othi uyalingabaza iqiniso lomlando wamaVangeli ukuthi yisiphi isizathu anaso sokukholelwa ukuthi uCaesar wafela eCapitol, noma ukuthi uMbusi uCharlemagne wathweswa umqhele wokuba uMbusi waseNtshonalanga nguPapa Leo III. ngo-800 . . . Wazi kanjani ukuthi umuntu onguCharles I. wake waphila, nokuthi wanqunywa ikhanda, nokuthi uOliver Cromwell waba umbusi esikhundleni sakhe? . . . USir Isaac Newton utuswa ngokuthola umthetho wamandla adonsela phansi . . . Siwakholelwa wonke amazwi aqinisekisiwe asanda kushiwo ngalamadoda; futhi lokho kungenxa yokuthi sinobufakazi obungokomlando beqiniso lawo. . . . Uma, lapho kuvezwa ubufakazi obunjengalobu, kusekhona abenqabayo ukukholelwa, sibashiya njengabanenkani yobuwula noma abasithwe yisithupha kakhulu. Khona-ke, sizothini ngalabo, naphezu kobufakazi obuningi obuveziwe manje bobuqiniso bemiBhalo Engcwele, abathi abakaneliseki? . . . Ngokuqinisekile sinesizathu sokuphetha ngokuthi inhliziyo enephutha kunokuba kube ikhanda;—ukuthi abathandi ukukholelwa lokho okuthobisa ukuqhosha kwabo, futhi okuzobaqhubela ekubeni baphile ukuphila okuhlukile.”b
8. Kungayiphi indlela ubuKristu beBhayibheli buboniswa buhlukile kulobo bazo zonke ezinye izinkolo?
8 Ukuphakama kobuKristu njengenkolo ebalandeli bayo bakhulekela ngeqiniso kuqokonyiswa uGeorge Rawlinson, owabhala: “UbuKristu—obuhlanganisa isimiso seTestamente Elidala, esasiyisigaba sabo sokuqala—ayikho enye into ebuhlukanisayo kwezinye izinkolo zezwe kunomgomo wabo noma isici sokuba ngokomlando. Izinkolo ezaseGrisi naseRoma, zaseGibithe, eNdiya, ePheresiya, naseMpumalanga ngokuvamile, zaziyizimiso zokuqagela, ezingazange zisiveze ngisho nangokungathi sína isisekelo esingokomlando. . . . Kodwa kungokuhlukile ngenkolo yeBhayibheli. Lapho, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi sibheka eTestamenteni Elidala noma Elisha, esimisweni sobuJuda noma sobuKristu, sithola uhlelo lwemfundiso eboshwe ngamaqiniso; oluncike ngokuphelele kuwo; oluyize ngaphandle kwawo; nangase abhekwe njengasebenzayo kunoma yini uma eboniswa njengafanele ukwamukelwa.”c
9. Bonisa ukunemba kwezikhombo zeBhayibheli zezindawo.
9 (2) Ukunemba Ngokokuma kwezwe Nokwakheka Komhlaba. Abalobi abaningi baye baphawula ngokunemba okuphawulekayo kwencazelo yeBhayibheli ngeZwe Lesithembiso nezindawo zangakhona. Ngokwesibonelo, umhambi wamazwe aseMpumalanga, uDkt. A. P. Stanley, washo lokhu ngokuphathelene nohambo lwamaIsrayeli lwasehlane: “Ngisho noma ibingaziwa indlela yawo ngokuthé ngqo, nokho izici ezingavamile zezwe zinokuningi ezifana ngakho kangangokuthi umlando ubusayothola izincazelo eziningi eziphawulekayo. . . . Iziphethu ngezikhathi ezithile, nemithombo, nemifudlana, kuyavumelana nokwaziswa okuphathelene ‘namanzi’ aseMara; ‘iziphethu’ zase- . . . Elimi; ‘umfudlana’ waseHorebe; ‘umthombo’ wamadodakazi kaJetiro, ‘owawunezimbiza’ noma amathange awo, kwaMidiyani. Uhlaza kuseyilolo esingaphetha ngalo ngokubheka umlando kaMose.”d Ekulandiseni kwaseGibithe, ukunemba akubonakali nje kuphela encazelweni evamile yendawo—amazwe akhona acebe ngamabele, uMfula wakhona iNayile ozungezwe imihlanga (Gen. 41:47-49; Eks. 2:3), amanzi akhona ayetholakala ‘emiseleni, eminonjaneni, ezizibeni, nasemachibini amanzi’ (Eks. 7:19), ‘ifilakisi, ibhali, ukolweni, nespelite’ kwakhona (Eks. 9:31, 32)—kodwa futhi nasemagameni amadolobha neziza zawo.
10. Ososayensi banamuhla baye bavuzwa kanjani ngokulandela umbhalo ogciniwe weBhayibheli?
10 Ukuncika kososayensi abathile bosuku lwanamuhla ekulandiseni okuseBhayibhelini ngokwakheka komhlaba nokuma kwezwe kukhulu kangangokuthi baye bakulandela njengesiqondiso futhi baye bavuzwa kakhulu. Eminyakeni ethile edlule, isazi sesayensi yokwakheka komhlaba, uDkt. Ben Tor, wahlola ngalombhalo: “Ngokuba uJehova uNkulunkulu wakho useyakungenisa ezweni elihle, . . . izwe elimatshe alo ayinsimbi.” (Dut. 8:7, 9) Amakhilomitha ambalwa ukusuka eBeri-Sheba, wathola amawa amakhulu ayegcwele iore (insimbi exubene netshe) emnyama ngokubomvu. Lapha kwakunamathani alinganiselwa ezigidini ezingu-13,6 eore yensimbi esesigabeni esiphansi. Kamuva, onjiniyela bathola iore enhle kakhulu eyayivele emhlabathini indawo engangekhilomitha nengxenye, eyayiyinsimbi uqobo ngamaphesenti angu-60 kuya kwangu-65. UDkt. Joseph Weitz, isazi sakwaIsrayeli esaziwayo sokuvuselelwa kwamahlathi, wathi: “Umuthi wokuqala uAbrahama awutshala emhlabathini waseBeri-Sheba kwakuwumtamariske.” “Silandela ukuhola kwakhe, eminyakeni emine edlule satshala eyizigidi ezimbili kuleyondawo. UAbrahama wayeqinisile. Umtamariske ungomunye wemithi embalwa esithole ukuthi imila eningizimu lapho imvula yaminyaka yonke ingaphansi [kwamasentimitha angu-15].”e Incwadi ethi Tree and Shrub in Our Biblical Heritage, kaNogah Hareuveni, iyanezela: “Kubonakala sengathi iNzalamizi uAbrahama ayizange itshale noma yimuphi umuthi lapho ifika eBeersheva. . . . Yakhetha umuthi omthunzi wawo upholile kuneminye imithi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, [umtamariske] ungamelana nokushisa nokomisa isikhathi eside ngokuthumela izimpande zawo ekujuleni impela ukuze zithole amanzi angaphansi komhlabathi. Ngokungamangalisi, [umtamariske] usekhona nanamuhla endaweni yaseBeersheva.”f—Gen. 21:33.
11. UProfesa Wilson ufakaza uthini ngokuphathelene nokunemba kweBhayibheli?
11 Ngokwemininingwane yamazwi aphathelene nokulandelana kwezenzakalo nokuma kwezwe eBhayibhelini, uProfesa R. D. Wilson uyabhala kwethi A Scientific Investigation of the Old Testament, amakhasi 213-14: “Amazwi okulandelana kwezenzakalo nokuma kwezwe anembe kakhulu futhi athembekile kunalawo anikezwa yinoma yiziphi ezinye izincwadi zasendulo; futhi ukulandisa ngokuphila kwabantu nokunye okungokomlando kuvumelana ngokumangalisayo nobufakazi obunikezwa izincwadi ezingesizo ezingokweBhayibheli.”
12. Amaqiniso afanelana kanjani nombhalo ogciniwe weBhayibheli ngemvelaphi yesintu?
12 (3) Izinhlanga Nezilimi Zesintu. Encwadini ethi After Its Kind, uByron C. Nelson uthi: “Kwenziwa umuntu, hhayi umNiglose, umShayina, oMhlophe. Kwadalwa abantu ababili iBhayibheli elibazi ngokuthi uAdamu noEva, okwavela kubo ngohlu lokuzalana nokwahlukahluka okungokwemvelo zonke izinhlobonhlobo zabantu abasebusweni bomhlaba. Zonke izinhlanga zabantu, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi babala lini noma bade kangakanani, ziwuhlobo olulodwa olungokwemvelo. Bonke bacabanga ngokufanayo, bazizwa ngokufanayo, bayafana ngokwakheka okungokomzimba, bashadana ngokukhuleka, futhi bayakwazi ukuveza abanye abafana nabo. Zonke izinhlanga zivela kokhokho ababili abafika benesimo esiphelele bevela esandleni soMdali.”g Lobu ubufakazi bukaGenesise 1:27, 28; 2:7, 20-23; 3:20; IzEnzo 17:26; nabaseRoma 5:12.
13. Omunye umvubukuli wathini ngendawo eyodwa izilimi zasendulo ezasakazeka zisuka kuyo?
13 Ngokuqondene nokulandisa kweBhayibheli kwendawo eyodwa okwaqala kuyo ukusakazeka kwezilimi zasendulo, umvubukuli uSir Henry Rawlinson wathi “uma besiyoqondiswa kanjalo ukuhlangana kwezindlela zezilimi, futhi konke ukubhekisela kokulandisa okungokombhalo kungasibusi, kusafanele siphelele emathafeni aseShineyari, njengendawo eyodwa izingxenye ezihlukahlukene ezasakazeka zisuka kuyo.” h—Gen. 11:1-9.
14. (a) Yini nakuba iyodwa eyayiyokwahlukanisa iBhayibheli njengeliphefumlelwe uNkulunkulu? (b) Yimuphi umbono onengqondo onikezwe eBhayibhelini kuphela, futhi ukusebenza kwawo kudlulela kanjani kuzo zonke izici zokuphila kwansuku zonke?
14 (4) Ukusebenziseka. Uma bebungekho obunye ubufakazi obutholakalayo bobuqiniso, izimiso zeBhayibheli zokulunga nezindinganiso zokuziphatha beziyolihlukanisa njengomkhiqizo womqondo waphezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusebenziseka kwalo kudlulela kuzo zonke izici zokuphila kwansuku zonke. Ayikho enye incwadi esinikeza umbono onengqondo womsuka wazo zonke izinto, kuhlanganise nesintu, kanye nowenjongo yoMdali ngomhlaba nomuntu. (Gen., isahl. 1; Isaya 45:18) IBhayibheli lisitshela ukuthi kungani umuntu efa nokuthi kungani kukhona ububi. (Gen., isahl. 3; Roma 5:12; Jobe, izahl. 1, 2; Eks. 9:16) Libeka indinganiso ephakeme kakhulu yokwahlulela ngokulunga. (Eks. 23:1, 2, 6, 7; Dut. 19:15-21) Linikeza iseluleko esihle ekusebenzelaneni kwezamabhizinisi (Lev. 19:35, 36; IzAga 20:10; 22:22, 23; Math. 7:12); sokuziphatha okuhlanzekile (Lev. 20:10-16; Gal. 5:19-23; Heb. 13:4); ebuhlotsheni nabanye (Lev. 19:18; IzAga 12:15; 15:1; 27:1, 2, 5, 6; 29:11; Math. 7:12; 1 Thim. 5:1, 2); emshadweni (Gen. 2:22-24; Math. 19:4, 5, 9; 1 Kor. 7:2, 9, 10, 39); ebuhlotsheni bomkhaya nemithwalo yemfanelo yendoda, umfazi, nabantwana (Dut. 6:4-9; IzAga 13:24; Efe. 5:21-33; 6:1-4; Kol. 3:18-21; 1 Pet. 3:1-6); esimweni sengqondo esifanele ngakubabusi (Roma 13:1-10; Thithu 3:1; 1 Thim. 2:1, 2; 1 Pet. 2:13, 14); emsebenzini wokwethembeka kanye nobuhlobo phakathi kwenkosi nenceku nomqashi nomqashwa (Efe. 4:28; Kol. 3:22-24; 4:1; 1 Pet. 2:18-21); ngabangane abafanele (IzAga 1:10-16; 5:3-11; 1 Kor. 15:33; 2 Thim. 2:22; Heb. 10:24, 25); ekuxazululeni izingxabano (Math. 18:15-17; Efe. 4:26); nakwezinye izinto eziningi ezithinta ukuphila kwethu kwansuku zonke ngokubalulekile.
15. Yisiphi iseluleko seBhayibheli ngempilo engokwengqondo nengokomzimba esiye sabonakala sisebenza?
15 IBhayibheli futhi linikeza iziqondiso ezibalulekile ngokuphathelene nempilo engokomzimba nengokwengqondo. (IzAga 15:17; 17:22) Eminyakeni yamuva, ukucwaninga kwezokwelapha kuye kwabonisa ukuthi impilo yomuntu engokomzimba ngempela ithonywa isimo sakhe sengqondo. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuhlola kuye kwabonisa ukuthi abantu abathanda ukubonisa intukuthelo ngokuvamile banamazinga aphakeme kakhulu omfutho wegazi. Abanye babika ukuthi intukuthelo ibangela ukwethuka kwenhliziyo, ubuhlungu bekhanda, ukuphuma umongozima, inzululwane, noma amalimi. Nokho, esikhathini eside esidlule iBhayibheli lachaza: “Inhliziyo ezolileyo ingukuphila kwenyama.”—IzAga 14:30; qhathanisa noMathewu 5:9.
16. Yiziphi ezinye zezinkulumo zeBhayibheli eziyiqiniso ezandulela kakhulu ukutholwa kwazo yisayensi?
16 (5) Ukunemba Okungokwesayensi. Nakuba iBhayibheli lingeyona incwadi yesayensi, lapho lithinta khona izindaba ezingokwesayensi, litholakala linembile futhi livumelana nokutholakele okuyiqiniso kanye nolwazi olungokwesayensi. Ukulandisa kwalo ngohlelo lokudala, kuhlanganisa nokuphila kwezilwane (Gen., isahl. 1); ukuba komhlaba yindilinga, noma imbulunga (Isaya 40:22); nokulenga komhlaba emkhathini phezu ‘kweze’ kwandulela izinto ezingokwesayensi ezitholakele zalamaqiniso. (Jobe 26:7) Isayensi yanamuhla yomzimba womuntu iye yafakazela iqiniso lenkulumo engokomBhalo yokuthi “inyama yonke ayinhlobonye,” njengoba ukwakheka kwamangqamuzana enyama yolunye uhlobo kuhlukile kweyolunye, umuntu eneyakhe “inyama” ehlukile. (1 Kor. 15:39)i Emkhakheni wesayensi yempilo yezilwane, uLevitikusi 11:6 uhlanganisa unogwaja nezilwane ezetshisayo. Lokhu kwake kwahlekwa usulu, kodwa isayensi manje ithola ukuthi unogwaja uyakwetshisa ukudla kwawo.j
17. IBhayibheli liye laboniswa kanjani ukuthi linengqondo kwezokwelapha?
17 Inkulumo ethi ‘ukuphila kwenyama kusegazini’ ezikhathini zanamuhla iye yaqashelwa njengeqiniso eliyisisekelo lesayensi yezokwelapha. (Lev. 17:11-14) UMthetho kaMose wabonisa ukuthi yiziphi izilwane, izinyoni, nezinhlanzi ‘ezazihlambulukile’ ukuba zidliwe umuntu, futhi wakukhiphela ngaphandle ukudla okuyingozi. (Lev., isahl. 11) UMthetho wawudinga ukuba emakamu empi, indle yabantu igqitshwe, ngaleyondlela kunikezwe isivikelo esikhulu ezifweni ezithathelwanayo ezithwalwa izimpukane, njengesifo sohudo netyphoid fever. (Dut. 23:9-14) Ngisho nanamuhla, kwamanye amazwe kukhona izinkinga zempilo ezingathi sína ngenxa yokulahlwa ngokungafanele kwendle yabantu. Abantu basemazweni anjalo bebeyoba nempilo enhle ngokwengeziwe ukuba bebelandela iseluleko seBhayibheli ngezempilo.
18. Yisiphi esinye isibonelo sokunemba kweBhayibheli okungokwesayensi esinikezwayo?
18 IBhayibheli litusa iwayini elincane “ngenxa yesisu sakho nobuthakathaka.” (1 Thim. 5:23) UDkt. Salvatore P. Lucia, uprofesa wezokwelapha eUniversity of California School of Medicine, uyabhala: “Iwayini liyisiphuzo esidala kakhulu esiwukudla futhi liwumuthi wokwelapha obaluleke kakhulu obulokhu usetshenziswa kuwo wonke umlando wesintu.”k
19. Kungaboniswa kanjani ukunemba kwezincwadi zikaLuka?
19 (6) Impucuko Namasiko. UA. Rendle Short ubhala lokhu encwadini ethi Modern Discovery and the Bible, ngencwadi yezEnzo: “Kwakuyisiko lamaRoma ukubusa izifundazwe zombuso wawo osakazeke kabanzi ngokuqhuba isimiso sendawo sokuphatha ngezinga okuphephe ngalo ukukwenza, futhi ngenxa yalokho iziphathimandla ezifundeni ezihlukahlukene zazinamagama ahlukahlukene. Akekho umuntu, ngaphandle kokuba eyisihambi esiqaphelayo noma umfundi oqikelelayo wemibhalo egciniwe, owayengalinga ukuwasho ngokunembile amagama okwethiwa ngawo zonke lezikhulu. Ukuthi uphumelela ngaso sonke isikhathi ukufinyelela ukunemba okuphelele kungenye yezindlela ezikuvivinya kakhulu ukuba nengqondo komlando kaLuka. Ezimweni eziningi ubufakazi bohlamvu lwemali kuphela, noma umbhalo oqoshiwe, okuye kwasinikeza ukwaziswa okudingekile ukuba simhlole; izazi-mlando zamaRoma eziqashelwayo azizifaki endimeni enzima kanjalo. Ngalokho uLuka ubiza uHerode noLysanias ngokuthi abatetrarki; noJosephus wenza kanjalo. UHerode Agripha, owabulala uJakobe ngenkemba futhi waphonsa uPetru etilongweni, ubizwa ngokuthi inkosi; uJosephus usitshela indlela aba nobungane ngayo eRoma noGaius Cæsar (uCaligula) futhi wavuzwa ngesiqu sobukhosi lapho uCaligula eba umbusi ophakeme. Umphathi waseKhupro, uSergiyu Pawulu, ubizwa ngokuthi umbusi. . . . Esikhathini esingeside ngaphambili, iKhupro yayikade iyisifundazwe sobukhosi, futhi iphethwe iproprætor noma ilegatus, kodwa esikhathini sikaPawulu, njengoba kuboniswa izinhlamvu zemali zaseKhupro, kokubili ngesiGreki nangesiLatini, isiqu esiqondile kwakungesithi umbusi. Umbhalo wesiGreki owatholakala eSoloi ogwini lweKhupro olusenyakatho unonyaka ‘wangesikhathi sobubusi bukaPaulus’ . . . EThesalonika izikhulu zomuzi zathatha isiqu esingavamile ngempela esithi amapolitarch [ababusi bomuzi, izEnzo 17:6, umbhalo waphansi weNW], igama elingaziwa ezincwadini zobuciko. Besingeke silazi nakancane, ngaphandle kokusetshenziswa kwalo uLuka, ukuba bekungengenxa yeqiniso lokuthi liyavela emibhalweni eqoshiwe. . . . IAkhaya ngaphansi kuka-Awugustu yayiyisifundazwe sesigele samaRoma, kanti ngaphansi kukaTiberiyu yaba ngaphansi kombusi ophakeme ngokuqondile, kodwa lapho ingaphansi kukaKlawudiyu, njengoba uTacitus esitshela, yabuyela ekubusweni isigele, futhi ngalokho isiqu sikaGaliyu esiqondile [IzEnzo 18:12] esasithi umbusi. . . . ULuka waneliseka ngokufanayo, unemba ngokufanayo, olwazini lwakhe ngokuma kwezwe nokuhlangenwe nakho kwakhe kokuhamba.”l
20. Izincwadi zikaPawulu ziziveza kanjani ngokunembile izikhathi aphila futhi waloba ngazo?
20 Izincwadi zikaPawulu zisiveza ngokunembile isizinda sesikhathi sakhe futhi zibonisa ukuthi wayengufakazi wokuzibonela wezinto aziloba. Ngokwesibonelo, iFilipi yayiyikoloni lezempi elizakhamuzi zalo zaziziqhenya ngokukhethekile ngokuthi zingezaseRoma. UPawulu wayala amaKristu lapho ngokuthi umbuso wawo ungowasezulwini. (IzE. 16:12, 21, 37; Fil. 3:20) IEfesu yayiwumuzi owawuphawuleka ngemilingo nemikhuba yemimoya. UPawulu wayala amaKristu lapho ngokuthi angahloma kanjani ukuze angabi izisulu zamademoni, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, wanikeza incazelo enembile yezikhali zesosha laseRoma. (IzE. 19:19; Efe. 6:13-17) Umkhuba wabanqobi baseRoma wokuhola ukumasha kokunqoba nodwendwe lwabathunjwa, abanye benqunu, uyasetshenziswa emifanekisweni. (2 Kor. 2:14; Kol. 2:15) Kweyoku-1 Korinte 1:22, kuvezwe imibono ehlukene yamaJuda namaGreki. Ezindabeni ezinjalo abalobi abangamaKristu babonakalisa ukunemba kukaMose, umlobi weziNcwadi Ezinhlanu Zokuqala, uGeorge Rawlinson athi ngazo: “Ukunemba kwesayensi yemikhuba yabantu kweziNcwadi Ezinhlanu Zokuqala ngokuphathelene nemikhuba emihle namasiko aseMpumalanga ngokuvamile, akukaze kungatshazwe.”a
21. (a) Nikeza izibonelo zokungagunci kwabalobi beBhayibheli. (b) Lokhu kukwakha kanjani ukwethembela eBhayibhelini njengeliyiqiniso?
21 (7) Ukungagunci Kwabalobi BeBhayibheli. Kulo lonke iBhayibheli, ukungagunci kwabalobi balo kuwubufakazi obunamandla bokwethenjelwa kwalo. Ngokwesibonelo, uMose ukhuluma ngokungagunci ngesono sakhe siqu nesahlulelo sikaNkulunkulu sokuthi yena nomfowabo, uAroni, akufanele bangene eZweni Lesithembiso. (Num. 20:7-13; Dut. 3:23-27) Izono zikaDavide ezikhathini ezimbili kanye nokuhlubuka kwendodana yakhe uSolomoni kudalulwe ngokusobala. (2 Sam., izahl. 11, 12, 24; 1 AmaKh. 11:1-13) UJona ubhala ngokungalaleli kwakhe siqu nomphumela wako. Sonke isizwe sakwaIsrayeli salahlwa cishe yibo bonke abalobi bemiBhalo yesiHeberu, bonke ababengamaJuda, ngenxa yokungamlaleli kwaso uNkulunkulu, kuwo kanye umbhalo ogciniwe amaJuda ayewuthanda futhi ewamukela njengamazwi kaNkulunkulu nomlando oyiqiniso wesizwe sawo. Abalobi abangamaKristu nabo abazange bagunce. Bonke abalobi bamaVangeli abane bakwembula ukuphika kukaPetru uKristu. Futhi uPawulu waletha ukunakekela ephutheni likaPetru elingathi sína endabeni yokholo ngokuhlukanisa amaJuda nabeZizwe ebandleni lobuKristu eAntiyokiya. Kwakha ukholo eBhayibhelini njengeliyiqiniso uma siqaphela ukuthi abalobi balo abazange bahawukele muntu, ngisho nabo ngokwabo, ngenjongo yokuloba umbhalo othembekile.—Math. 26:69-75; Marku 14:66-72; Luka 22:54-62; Joh. 18:15-27; Gal. 2:11-14; Joh. 17:17.
22. Yini enye ebonisa ukuthi iBhayibheli ngempela liyiZwi likaNkulunkulu, futhi labhalelwa yiphi injongo?
22 (8) Ukuvumelana Kwabalobi. IBhayibheli lalotshwa esikhathini esingaphezu kweminyaka engu-1 600 cishe abalobi angu-40, abangenakho ukungavumelani. Liye lasakazwa kabanzi ngamanani amakhulu naphezu kokuphikisa konya olukhulu nemizamo enamandla kakhulu yokulibhubhisa. Lamaqiniso asiza ekuboniseni ukuthi liyilokho elithi liyikho, iZwi likaNkulunkulu umninimandla onke, nokuthi ngempela “[li]nenzuzo yokufundisa, yokusola, yokuqondisa izinto, yokuyala ekulungeni.”—2 Thim. 3:16, NW.b
23. Yisiphi futhi isihloko esingaguquguquki esibonisa ukuphefumlelwa kweBhayibheli? Chaza.
23 Ukuphefumlelwa kwalo kuboniswa ukungaguquguquki kwalo okukhulu eligcizelela ngakho isihloko sokungcweliswa kwegama likaJehova ngoMbuso wakhe ngaphansi kukaKristu. Nazi ezimbalwa zezibonelo ezivelele:
Gen. 3:15 Isithembiso seMbewu
ezobhubhisa iNyoka
Gen. 22:15-18 Izizwe zonke ziyobusiswa
ngembewu ka-Abrahama
Eks. 18:11; UJehova mkhulu kunabo bonke
Isaya 36:18-20; abanye onkulunkulu
Eks. 20:3-7 UNkulunkulu uyalihlonipha igama,
ufuna ukuzinikela okukhethekile
Jobe 32:2; 35:2; Ukulwelwa kukaNkulunkulu
Isaya 9:7 UNkulunkulu uwusekela ngentshiseko
uMbuso waphakade weNdodana yakhe
Hez. 6:10; 38:23 Abantu “bayakwazi ukuthi
nginguJehova.” Lamazwi avela
izikhathi ezingaphezu kuka-60
esiprofethweni sikaHezekeli
Mal. 1:11 Igama likaNkulunkulu libe likhulu
phakathi kwezizwe
Math. 6:9, 10, 33 Ukungcweliswa kwegama likaNkulunkulu
ngoMbuso wakhe kubaluleke ngaphezu
kwakho konke
Joh. 17:6, 26 UJesu wamemezela igama likaNkulunkulu
IzE. 2:21; Kumelwe kubizwe egameni likaJehova
Roma 10:13 ngenjongo yokusindiswa
Heb. 13:15 AmaKristu kumelwe alivume obala
igama likaJehova
IsAm. 15:4 Igama likaJehova kumelwe
likhazinyuliswe yizo zonke izizwe
IsAm. 19:6 Igama likaJehova liyadunyiswa ngemva
kokubhujiswa kweBabiloni Elikhulu
24. (a) Ubuqotho bamaKristu okuqala bubuveza kanjani ubuqiniso ‘beNdaba YeBhayibheli’? (b) Yibuphi obunye ubufakazi obukhona bokuthi abalobi beBhayibheli baloba amaqiniso, hhayi izinganekwane?
24 (9) Ubuqotho Bofakazi. Ngokuqondene namandla okungathiwa ubufakazi bamaKristu okuqala bunawo—abalobi bemiBhalo yamaKristu kanye nabanye—uGeorge Rawlinson uthi: “Amakholwa okuqala ayazi ukuthi ayengase abizwe noma nini ukuba afele inkolo yawo. . . . Noma yimuphi umlobi wokuqala owayesekela ubuKristu, ngokubusekela kwakhe, wayelokotha amandla ombuso, futhi ezifaka engozini yesiphetho esifanayo. Lapho ukholo luyindaba yokufa nokuphila, abantu abazifaki kalula esivumweni sokholo sokuqala abasithandayo; noma bazihlanganise obala nehlelo elishushiswayo, ngaphandle kokuba beye bawahlolisisa amazwi enkolo elithi liyawakholelwa, futhi bazanelisa ngokuthi iyiqiniso. Kuyacaca ukuthi amakholwa okuqala ayenezindlela zokuqinisekisa ukunemba okungokomlando kwendaba yobuKristu thina esingenakuzifinyelela; ayengahlola futhi aphenye ofakazi—aqhathanise ukulandisa kwabo okuhlukahlukene—abuze ukuthi izitha zabo zabuthatha kanjani ubufakazi babo—ahlole izincwadi zabaHedeni zangalesosikhathi—ahlungisise ubufakazi ngokuphelele. . . . Konke lokhu ndawonye—futhi kumelwe kukhunjulwe ukuthi lobufakazi bufakazela iphuzu elilodwa—kwakha indikimba yobufakazi obunjengalobo obungaveli kalula mayelana nanoma yiziphi izenzakalo zangezikhathi zamandulo; futhi buqinisekisa ngokungenakungatshazwa nakancane iqiniso leNdaba YobuKristu. Akukho ndawo . . . lapho leyondaba inesici sokuba inganekwane. Yindaba eyodwa, exoxwa ngokuvumelanayo, kuyilapho izinganekwane ziyaguquguquka futhi zingezindlela eziningi; ihlanganiswe ngokungenakwehlukaniswa nomlando wezwe wangalezozikhathi; ewunikeza kuyo yonke indawo ngokunemba okungavamile, kuyilapho izinganekwane ziwusonta noma ziwukhiphe umlando wezwe; igcwele imininingwane eyiqiniso, izinganekwane eziyigwema ngamabomu; igcwele isiyalo esisebenzayo sohlobo olusobala kakhulu nolulula kakhulu, kuyilapho izinganekwane zifundisa ngemifanekiso. . . . Ubuqotho obulula, ukwethembeka, ukunemba okucophelelayo, uthando olumsulwa lweqiniso, yizimfanelo ezisobala kakhulu zabalobi beTestamente Elisha, ngokusobala ababhala ngamaqiniso, hhayi nje imicabango engamaphupho . . . Baloba ‘ukuze sazi ukuqiniseka kwalezozinto’ ‘ezazikholelwa kakhulu’ ngosuku lwabo.”c—Qhathanisa noLuka 1:1, 4.
25. Yini ebubonisa ngokuvelele ubuqiniso beBhayibheli?
25 Indima evusa amadlingozi ehlanganiswa yiBhayibheli yileyo yesiprofetho saphezulu. Ayikho indlela ubuqiniso beBhayibheli obuye babonakaliswa ngayo ngokuhlaba umxhwele njengasekugcwalisekeni kweziprofetho eziningi, zonke ezibonisa ukubona kusengaphambili okuphawulekayo kukaJehova ekubikezeleni ikusasa. Ngempela leliZwi elingokwesiprofetho “liyisibani esikhanyayo endaweni emnyama,” futhi ukulilalela kuyoqinisa ukholo lwalabo abafisa ukusinda kuze kube yilapho sonke isiprofetho soMbuso sigcwaliseka ezweni elisha laphakade lokulunga likaNkulunkulu. Amashadi amathathu alandelayo anezela obunye ubufakazi bobuqiniso beBhayibheli ekuboniseni okuningi kwalokhu kugcwaliseka okungokwesiprofetho, kanye nokuvumelana kwayo yonke imiBhalo yesiHeberu neyesiGreki. Ngokudlula kwesikhathi, iBhayibheli likhanya ngokukhazimula ngokwengeziwe ‘njengeliphefumlelwe uNkulunkulu nelinenzuzo’ ngempela.—2 Pet. 1:19; 2 Thim. 3:16.
[Imibhalo yaphansi]
a The Historical Evidences of the Truth of the Scripture Records, 1862, George Rawlinson, amakhasi 54, 254-8.
b 1871, amakhasi 29-31.
c The Historical Evidences of the Truth of the Scripture Records, amakhasi 25-6.
d Sinai and Palestine, 1885, amakhasi 82-3.
e Reader’s Digest, March 1954, amakhasi 27, 30.
f 1984, ikhasi 24.
g 1968, amakhasi 4-5.
h The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, London, 1855, Umq. 15, ikhasi 232.
i Insight on the Scriptures, Umq. 2, ikhasi 246.
j Insight on the Scriptures, Umq. 1, amakhasi 555-6, 1035.
k Wine as Food and Medicine, 1954, ikhasi 5.
l 1955, amakhasi 211-13.
a The Historical Evidences of the Truth of the Scripture Records, ikhasi 290.
b IBhayibheli—Izwi LikaNkulunkulu Noma Elomuntu?, amakhasi 12-36.
c The Historical Evidences of the Truth of the Scripture Records, amakhasi 225, 227-8.
(10) IZIPROFETHO EZIVELELE EZIPHATHELENE NOJESU NOKUGCWALISEKA KWAZO
Isiprofetho Isenzakalo Ukugcwaliseka
IHu. 132:11; Emndenini kaDavide indodana kaJese Math. 1:1, 6-16; 9:27; 15:22; 20:30, 31;
Mika 5:2 Wazalelwa eBetlehema Luka 2:4-11; Joh. 7:42
Isaya 7:14 Wazalwa yincasakazi Math 1:18-23; Luka 1:30-35
Jer. 31:15 Abantwana babulawa ngemva Math. 2:16-18
kokuzalwa kwakhe
Hos. 11:1 Wabizwa ukuba aphume eGibithe Math. 2:15
Mal. 3:1; 4:5; Indlela yalungiswa kusengaphambili Math. 3:1-3; 11:10-14; 17:10-13;
Dan. 9:25 Wavela njengoMesiya ekupheleni Waziletha ukuba abhapathizwe futhi
‘kwamasonto’ angu-69 wagcotshwa njengoba kwakuhleliwe
Isaya 61:1, 2 Wathunywa Luka 4:18-21
Isaya 9:1, 2 Inkonzo yabangela ukuba abantu Math. 4:13-16
bakwaNafetali nabakwaZebuloni
babone ukukhanya
IHu. 78:2 Wakhuluma ngemifanekiso Math. 13:11-13, 31-35
Isaya 53:4 Wathwala izifo zethu Math. 8:16, 17
Isaya 42:1-4 Njengenceku kaJehova, wayengeke Math. 12:14-21
abange umsindo ezitaladini
Isaya 53:1 Abazange bamkholelwe Joh. 12:37, 38;
Zak. 9:9; Ukungena eJerusalema egibele Math. 21:1-9; Marku 11:7-11;
IHu. 118:26 ithole lembongolo; wahalaliselwa Luka 19:28-38; Joh. 12:12-15
njengenkosi nanjengalowo ozayo
egameni likaJehova
Isaya 28:16; 53:3; Uyenqatshwa, kodwa uba yitshe Math. 21:42, 45, 46;
IHu. 69:8; legumbi eliyinhloko IzE. 3:14; 4:11;
IHu. 41:9; 109:8 Omunye umphostoli akathembeki; Math. 26:47-50;
ukhaphela uJesu Joh. 13:18, 26-30; 17:12; 18:2-5;
Zak. 11:12 Wakhashelwa ngezinhlamvu zesiliva Math. 26:15; 27:3-10;
ezingu-30 Marku 14:10, 11
Zak. 13:7 Abafundi bayahlakazeka Math. 26:31, 56;
IHu. 2:1, 2 Imibuso yaseRoma nabaholi bakwa- Math. 27:1, 2; Marku 15:1, 15;
Israyeli bayahlangana ngokumelene Luka 23:10-12; IzE. 4:25-28
nogcotshiweyo kaJehova
Isaya 53:8 Waquliswa futhi walahlwa ngecala Math. 26:57-68; 27:1, 2, 11-26;
IHu. 27:12 Ukusetshenziswa kofakazi bamanga Math. 26:59-61;
Isaya 53:7 Wathula phambi kwabammangalelayo Math. 27:12-14;
Isaya 50:6; Washaywa, wafelwa ngamathe Math. 26:67; 27:26, 30;
IHu. 22:16, Wabethelwa Math. 27:35; Marku 15:24, 25;
umbh. waphansi weNW Luka 23:33; Joh. 19:18, 23; 20:25, 27
IHu. 22:18 Kwenziwa inkatho ngezingubo Math. 27:35; Joh. 19:23, 24
Isaya 53:12 Wabalwa kanye nezoni Math. 26:55, 56; 27:38; Luka 22:37
IHu. 22:7, 8 Wathukwa ngenkathi esesigxotsheni Math. 27:39-43; Marku 15:29-32
IHu. 69:21 Wanikezwa uviniga nenyongo Math. 27:34, 48; Marku 15:23, 36
IHu. 22:1 UNkulunkulu wamshiyela ezitheni Math. 27:46; Marku 15:34
IHu. 34:20; Awekho amathambo aphulwa Joh. 19:33, 36
Isaya 53:5; Wagwazwa Math. 27:49; Joh. 19:34, 37;
Isaya 53:5, 8, 11, 12 Ufa ukufa okuwumhlatshelo ukuze Math. 20:28; Joh. 1:29;
asuse izono futhi avule indlela Roma 3:24; 4:25; 1 Kor. 15:3;
eya ekumeni okulungile noNkulunkulu Heb. 9:12-15; 1 Pet. 2:24;
Isaya 53:9, NW Wangcwatshwa nabacebile Math. 27:57-60; Joh. 19:38-42
Jona 1:17; 2:10 Wayesethuneni izingxenye zezinsuku Math. 12:39, 40; 16:21; 17:23;
IHu. 16:8-11, Wavuswa ngaphambi kokuba abole IzE. 2:25-31; 13:34-37
umbh. waphansi weNW
IHu. 2:7 UJehova umbiza ngokuthi iNdodana ya- Math. 3:16, 17; Marku 1:9-11;
Khe ngokumzala ngomoya nangokumvusa Luka 3:21, 22; IzE. 13:33;
Imibuzo yeshadi elithi “Iziprofetho Ezivelele Eziphathelene NoJesu Nokugcwaliseka Kwazo”:
(a) Yiziphi iziprofetho eziphathelene nokuzalwa kwakhe ezabeka uJesu ohlwini lobuMesiya?
(b) Yiziphi iziprofetho ezagcwaliseka ekuqaleni kwenkonzo kaJesu?
(c) UJesu wasigcwalisa kanjani isiprofetho ngendlela afeza ngayo inkonzo yakhe?
(d) Yiziphi iziprofetho ezagcwaliseka phakathi nezinsuku ezimbalwa zokugcina ngaphambi kokuquliswa kukaJesu?
(e) Isiprofetho sagcwaliseka kanjani ngesikhathi sokuquliswa kwakhe?
(f) Yiziphi iziprofetho ezaphawula ukubethelwa kwakhe ngokoqobo, ukufa kwakhe, nokuvuka kwakhe?
[Ishadi ekhasini 344-346]
(11) IZIBONELO ZEZINYE IZIPROFETHO ZEBHAYIBHELI EZAGCWALISEKA
Isiprofetho Isenzakalo Ukugcwaliseka
Gen. 9:25 AbaseKhanani babeyokuba yizinceku Josh. 9:23, 27; AbaHl. 1:28;
zikaIsrayeli 1 AmaKh. 9:20, 21
Gen. 15:13, 14; UIsrayeli wayeyophuma eGibithe Eks. 12:35, 36; IHu. 105:37
Eks. 3:21, 22 nempahla eningi lapho uNkulunkulu
ahlulela isizwe esasimgqilaza
Gen. 17:20; UIshmayeli wayeyoveza izikhulu Gen. 25:13-16; 1 IziKr. 1:29-31
Gen. 25:23; AbakwaEdomi babeyohlala kude Gen. 36:8; Dut. 2:4, 5;
27:39, 40 nomhlabathi ovundile, bakhonze 2 Sam. 8:14; 2 AmaKh. 8:20;
amaIsrayeli, futhi ngezinye izikhathi 1 IziKr. 18:13; 2 IziKr. 21:8-10
bahlubuke
Gen. 48:19, 22 UEfrayimi wayeyoba mkhulu kunoManase, Num. 1:33-35; Dut. 33:17;
futhi isizwe ngasinye sasiyokuba nefa Josh. 16:4-9; 17:1-4
Gen. 49:7 USimeyoni noLevi babeyohlakazeka Josh. 19:1-9; 21:41, 42
kwaIsrayeli
Gen. 49:10 Ubuholi bobukhosi babuyovela kwaJuda 2 Sam. 2:4; 1 IziKr. 5:2;
Dut. 17:14 UIsrayeli wayeyocela inkosi 1 Sam. 8:4, 5, 19, 20
Dut. 28:52, 53, UIsrayeli wayeyojeziswa ngenxa Sagcwaliseka eSamariya ngo-740 B.C.E.
64-66, 68 yokungathembeki; imizi ivinjezelwe, (2 AmaKh. 17:5-23), eJerusalema
ayiswe ebugqilini ngo-607 B.C.E. (Jer. 52:1-27),
naseJerusalema futhi ngo-70 C.E.
Josh. 6:26 Isijeziso ngokwakha kabusha iJeriko 1 AmaKh. 16:34
1 Sam. 2:31, 34; Uhlu lozalo lukaEli lwaqalekiswa 1 Sam. 4:11, 17, 18;
1 AmaKh. 9:7, 8; Ithempeli laliyobhujiswa uma 2 AmaKh. 25:9; 2 Izikr. 36:19;
2 IziKr. 7:20, 21 uIsrayeli ehlubuka Jer. 52:13; IsiLilo 2:6, 7
1 AmaKh. 13:1-3 Ialtare likaJerobowamu laliyongcoliswa 2 AmaKh. 23:16-18
1 AmaKh. 14:15 Ukugumbuqelwa kombuso wakwaIsrayeli 2 AmaKh. 17:6-23; 18:11, 12
wezizwe eziyishumi
Isaya 13:17-22; Ukubhujiswa kweBabiloni; amasango Dan. 5:22-31; umlando wezwe uyafakaza.
45:1, 2; aseBabiloni ayeyoshiywa evuliwe; UKoresi wathatha iBabiloni lapho
Jer. 50:35-46; amaMede namaPheresiya ayeyonqoba amasango eshiywe evuliwed
51:37-43 ngaphansi kukaKoresi
Isaya 23:1, 8, 13, 14; Umuzi waseTire wawuyobhujiswa Umlando wezwe uloba ukubhujiswa
Hez. 26:4, 7-12 amaKaledi ngaphansi kwengxenye yomuzi esezweni
kukaNebukadinesari nengxenye esesiqhingini izithoba
kuNebukadinesari ngemva kokuvimbezela
kweminyaka engu-13e
Isaya 44:26-28 Ukwakhiwa kabusha kweJerusalema 2 IziKr. 36:22, 23; Ezra 1:1-4
nethempeli abathunjwa abangamaJuda
ababebuyile; ingxenye kaKoresi kukho
Jer. 25:11; 29:10 Ukubuyiselwa kwensali kwakuyoba Dan. 9:1, 2; Zak. 7:5;
ngemva kwencithakalo yeminyaka 2 IziKr. 36:21-23
engu-70
Jer. 48:15-24; UMowabi wayeyokwenziwa incithakalo Manje asisekho isizwe sakwaMowabif
Jer. 49:2; Imizi yakwa-Amoni yayiyokwenziwa Manje asisekho isizwe sakwa-Amonig
Hez. 25:1-7; izinqwaba zencithakalo
Jer. 49:17, 18; UEdomi wayeyonqunywa sengathi UEdomi waphela njengesizwe ngemva
Hez. 25:12-14; 35:7, 15; akakaze abe khona kokubhujiswa kweJerusalema ngo-70 C.E.h
Dan. 2:31-40; 7:2-7 Imibuso emine yafanekiselwa: Umlando wezwe uqinisekisa ukugcwaliseka
iBabiloni, iPheresiya, iGrisi, neRoma. ekudlondlobaleni nasekuweni
Imininingwane eminingi kwalemibusoi
engokwesiprofetho yabikezelwa
Dan. 8:1-8, 20-22; Ngemva kombuso wasePheresiya, UAlexander Omkhulu wanqoba uMbuso
11:1-19 kwakuyobusa onamandla, iGrisi. wasePheresiya. Ngemva kokufa kwakhe
Lowombuso wawuyokwahlukaniswa ojenene abane bathatha izintambo.
kane, kuvele kuwo imibuso emibili, Ekugcineni imibuso kaSeleucus noPtolemy
inkosi yasenyakatho nenkosi yakhula futhi yayihlala ilwa yodwaj
yaseningizimu
Dan. 11:20-24 Umbusi wayeyomemezela ukubhaliswa. Isimemezelo sokubhaliswa ePalestina
Ezinsukwini zomlandeli wakhe phakathi nokubusa kukaKesari Awugustu;
esikhundleni, “uMholi wesivume- uJesu wabulawa phakathi nokubusa
lwano” wayeyokwaphulwa komlandeli wakhe esikhundleni,
uTiberiyu Kesarik
Zef. 2:13-15; INineve laliyoba incithakalo Laba isiduli samabibil
Zak. 9:3, 4 Umuzi osesiqhingini waseTire Safezwa uAlexander ngo-332 B.C.E.a
wawuyobhujiswa
Math. 24:2, 16-18; IJerusalema laliyohaqwa ngezinqaba Sagcwaliswa amaRoma ngo-70 C.E.b
Luka 19:41-44 ezinezingodo futhi libhujiswe
Math. 24:7-14; Kwabikezelwa isikhathi esikhulu sosizi Isikhathi sosizi esingabonaze sibonwe
Marku13:8; ngaphambi kokuphela kwalesimiso emhlabeni esisukela empini yezwe
Luka 21:10, 11, 25-28; sezinto; sasizohlanganisa izimpi, yokuqala ngo-1914. Ukushumayela
2 Tim. 3:1-5 ukuntuleka kokudla, ukuzamazama ngoMbuso manje kwenziwa emazweni
komhlaba, izifo, ukungabi-namthetho, angaphezu kuka-200
ukushunyayelwa kwezindaba ezinhle
zoMbuso kuzo zonke izizwe
[Imibhalo yaphansi]
d Herodotus I, 191, 192; Insight on the Scriptures, Umq. 1, ikhasi 567.
e ICyclopedia kaMcClintock noStrong, enyatheliswe kabusha ngo-1981, Umq. X, ikhasi 617; Insight on the Scriptures, Umq. 2, amakhasi 531, 1136.
f Insight on the Scriptures, Umq. 2, amakhasi 421-2.
g Insight on the Scriptures, Umq. 1, ikhasi 95.
h Insight on the Scriptures, Umq. 1, amakhasi 681-2.
i “Intando Yakho Mayenziwe eMhlabeni,” amakhasi 104-24, 168-76, 187-94, 218-26.
j “Intando Yakho Mayenziwe eMhlabeni,” amakhasi 120-2, 172-3, 192-4, 218-60; Insight on the Scriptures, Umq. 1, amakhasi 70-1.
k “Intando Yakho Mayenziwe eMhlabeni,” amakhasi 245-50; Insight on the Scriptures, Umq. 1, ikhasi 220.
l Bheka ikhasi 159, izigaba 5, 6.
a ICyclopedia kaMcClintock noStrong, enyatheliswe kabusha ngo-1981, Umq. X, amakhasi 618-19.
b Bheka ikhasi 188, isigaba 9.
(a) Yiziphi izenzakalo ezabikezelwa ezenzeka ngemva kokuba isizwe sakwaIsrayeli singené ezweni laseKhanani?
(b) Yiziphi iziprofetho zokwahlulelwa kukaIsrayeli noJuda ezagcwaliseka, futhi nini?
(c) Yini eyabikezelwa ngokubuyiselwa? Ingabe lokhu kwagcwaliseka?
(d) Yiziphi izizwe ezibaliwe ezafikelwa izigijimi ezithile zesahlulelo, futhi lezahlulelo ezingokwesiprofetho zagcwaliseka kanjani?
(e) Yiziphi ezinye zezenzakalo ezivelele zomlando ezabikezelwa uDaniyeli? uJesu?
(12) OKUNYE UKUCASHUNWA NOKUSETSHENZISWA KWEMIBHALO YESIHEBERU ABALOBI BEMIBHALO YESIGREKI
(PHAWULA: Loluhlu aluzihlanganisi izikhombo ezisohlwini oluthi “Iziprofetho Ezivelele Eziphathelene NoJesu,” emakhasini andulelayo.)
Ingcaphuno Amazwi Ukusebenza Kwawo
Gen. 1:3 UNkulunkulu uyala ukuba ukukhanya kukhanye 2 Kor. 4:6
Gen. 1:26, 27 Umuntu wenziwe ngomfanekiso kaNkulunkulu, Jak. 3:9; Marku 10:6
indoda nowesifazane
Gen. 2:7 UAdamu wenziwa umphefumulo ophilayo 1 Kor. 15:45
Gen. 2:24 Indoda yayiyoshiya abazali bayo futhi inamathele Math. 19:5; Marku 10:7, 8
kumkayo; laba ababili babe nyamanye 1 Kor. 6:16; Efe. 5:31
Gen. 15:5 Imbewu ka-Abrahama yayiyoba ningi Roma 4:18
Gen. 17:5 UAbrahama uyise wabanokholo abavela Roma 4:16, 17
‘ezizweni eziningi’
Gen. 18:10, 14 USara wathenjiswa indodana Roma 9:9
Gen. 18:12 USara ubiza uAbrahama ngokuthi “inkosi” 1 Pet. 3:6
Gen. 21:10 Isenzakalo esingokomfanekiso esihilela uSara, Gal. 4:30
uHagari, uIsaka, noIshmayeli
Gen. 21:12 Imbewu ka-Abrahama yayiyovela ngoIsaka Roma 9:7; Heb. 11:18
Gen. 22:16, 17 UNkulunkulu uzifunga yena ukuthi uyobusisa Heb. 6:13, 14
uAbrahama
Gen. 25:23 Umusa kaNkulunkulu kuJakobe kunakuEsawu Roma 9:12
wabikezelwa
Eks. 3:6 UNkulunkulu unguNkulunkulu wabaphilayo, Math. 22:32; Marku 12:26;
hhayi wabafileyo Luka 20:37
Eks. 13:2, 12 Izibulo linikezelwe kuJehova Luka 2:23
Eks. 16:18 UNkulunkulu ulinganisa izindaba ekubuthweni 2 Kor. 8:15
kwemana
Eks. 19:5, 6 UIsrayeli usohlwini lokuba umbuso wabapristi 1 Pet. 2:9
Eks. 19:12, 13 Ukwesabeka kukaJehova eNtabeni iSinayi Heb. 12:18-20
Eks. 20:12-17 Umyalo wesihlanu, wesithupha, wesikhombisa, Math. 5:21, 27; 15:4; 19:18, 19;
wesishiyagalombili, wesishiyagalolunye, Marku 10:19;
noweshumi Luka 18:20; Roma 13:9;
Eks. 21:17 Isijeziso sokuphula umthetho wesihlanu Math. 15:4; Marku 7:10
Eks. 21:24 Iso ngeso nezinyo ngezinyo Math. 5:38
Eks. 22:28 “Ungakhulumi kabi ngombusi wesizwe sakini” IzE. 23:5
Eks. 24:8 Ukwenziwa kwesivumelwano soMthetho Heb. 9:20; Math. 26:28;
—“igazi lesivumelwano” Marku 14:24
Eks. 25:40 UMose wayalwa ngesifanekiso setabernakele Heb. 8:5
nempahla yalo
Eks. 32:6 AmaIsrayeli avuka ukuba azitike futhi adlale 1 Kor. 10:7
Eks. 33:19 UNkulunkulu unomusa kunoma ubani amthandayo Roma 9:15
Lev. 11:44 “Manibe-ngcwele, ngokuba mina ngingcwele” 1 Pet. 1:16
Lev. 18:5 Lowo ogcina uMthetho uyophila ngawo Gal. 3:12
Lev. 19:18 Thanda umakhelwane wakho njengoba Math. 19:19; 22:39;
uzithanda wena Marku 12:31; Roma 13:9;
Lev. 26:12 UJehova wayenguNkulunkulu kaIsrayeli 2 Kor. 6:16
Num. 16:5 UJehova uyabazi abangabakhe 2 Thim. 2:19
Dut. 6:4, 5 Thanda uJehova ngenhliziyo yonke Math. 22:37;
nangomphefumulo wonke Marku 12:29, 30;
Dut. 6:13 “Wokhuleka eNkosini uNkulunkulu wakho” Math. 4:10; Luka 4:8
Dut. 6:16 “Ungayilingi iNkosi uNkulunkulu wakho” Math. 4:7; Luka 4:12
Dut. 8:3 Umuntu akumelwe aphile ngesinkwa sodwa Math. 4:4; Luka 4:4
Dut. 18:15-19 UNkulunkulu wayeyovusa umprofethi onjengoMose IzE. 3:22, 23
Dut. 19:15 Zonke izindaba kumelwe ziqiniswe ofakazi Joh. 8:17; 2 Kor. 13:1
ababili noma abathathu
Dut. 23:21 “Uqinise izifungo zakho eNkosini” Math. 5:33
Dut. 24:1 Ilungiselelo loMthetho kaMose lesahlukaniso Math. 5:31
Dut. 25:4 “Ungayifaki inkabi isifonyo, nxa ibhula” 1 Kor. 9:9; 1 Thim. 5:18
Dut. 27:26 AmaIsrayeli ayengabambeleli Gal. 3:10
eMthethweni ayeqalekiswa
Dut. 29:4 Ambalwa amaJuda alalela izindaba ezinhle Roma 11:8
Dut. 30:11-14 Isidingo sokuba “nezwi lokukholwa” Roma 10:6-8
enhliziyweni yakho futhi ulishumayele
Dut. 31:6, 8 UNkulunkulu akasoze abashiye abantu bakhe Heb. 13:5
Dut. 32:17, 21 UNkulunkulu wavusa umhawu wamaJuda ngokumema Roma 10:19; 1 Kor. 10:20-22
abeZizwe. AmaIsrayeli enza uJehova waba
nomhawu ngokukhonza izithombe
Dut. 32:35, 36 Impindiselo ngekaJehova Heb. 10:30
Dut. 32:43 “Jabulani nina-bezizwe kanye nesizwe sakhe” Roma 15:10
1 Sam. 13:14; UDavide, indoda eyamukelekayo IzE. 13:22
16:1 enhliziyweni kaNkulunkulu
1 Sam. 21:6 UDavide namadoda akhe badla izinkwa zokubukwa Math. 12:3, 4;
1 AmaKh. 19:14, 18 Insali yamaJuda kuphela eyahlala Roma 11:3, 4
ithembekile kuNkulunkulu
2 IziKr. 20:7 UAbrahama wabizwa ngokuthi “umhlobo” Jak. 2:23
(“umngane”) kaNkulunkulu
Jobe 41:11 “Ngubani owaqala uku[mu]pha [uNkulunkulu]?” Roma 11:35
IHu. 5:9 “Umphimbo wabo uyiliba elivulekileyo” Roma 3:13
IHu. 8:2 UNkulunkulu ulungiselela indumiso Math. 21:16
“emlonyeni wezingane”
IHu. 8:4-6 “Umuntu uyini ukuba umkhumbule?” UNkulunkulu Heb. 2:6, 7;
wathobisa zonke izinto ngaphansi kwezinyawo 1 Kor. 15:27
zikaKristu
IHu. 10:7 “Umlomo wabo ugcwele ukuthuka” Roma 3:14
IHu. 14:1-3 “Akakho olungileyo” Roma 3:10-12
IHu. 18:49 Abantu bezizwe babeyodumisa uNkulunkulu Roma 15:9
IHu. 19:4, umbh.Akukho ukuntuleka kwethuba lokuzwa iqiniso Roma 10:18
waphansi weNW lokuba khona kukaNkulunkulu njengoba
kufakazelwa yiyo yonke indalo
IHu. 22:22 “Ngizakushumayeza abafowethu igama lakho” Heb. 2:12
IHu. 24:1 Umhlaba ungokaJehova 1 Kor. 10:26
IHu. 32:1, 2 “Ubusisiwe umuntu iNkosi engayikumbalela isono” Roma 4:7, 8
IHu. 34:12-16 “Amehlo eNkosi aphezu kwabalungileyo” 1 Pet. 3:10-12
IHu. 40:6-8 UNkulunkulu akabange esayitusa imihlatshelo Heb. 10:6-10
ngaphansi koMthetho; umnikelo owodwa womzimba
kaJesu, ngokwentando kaNkulunkulu, uletha
ukungcweliswa
IHu. 44:22 “Sithiwa izimvu zokuhlatshwa” Roma 8:36
IHu. 45:6, 7 “UNkulunkulu uyisihlalo sobukhosi [sikaKristu] Heb. 1:8, 9, NW
kuze kube phakade”
IHu. 51:4 UNkulunkulu ulwelwe ngamazwi akhe nezahlulelo Roma 3:4
IHu. 68:18 Lapho uKristu enyukela phezulu, wapha Efe. 4:8, NW
izipho ezingabantu
IHu. 69:22, 23 Itafula lamaIsrayeli lokuthula liba ugibe Roma 11:9, 10
IHu. 78:24 Isinkwa esivela ezulwini Joh. 6:31-33
IHu. 82:6 “Ningonkulunkulu” Joh. 10:34
IHu. 94:11 “INkosi iyazazi izizindlo zabahlakaniphileyo 1 Kor. 3:20
ukuthi ziyize”
IHu. 95:7-11 AmaIsrayeli angalaleli awazange angene Heb. 3:7-11; 4:3, 5, 7
ekuphumuleni kukaNkulunkulu
IHu. 102:25-27 “Wena-Nkosi . . . , wabeka isisekelo somhlaba” Heb. 1:10-12
IHu. 104:4 “Wenza izingelosi zakhe zibe-yimimoya” Heb. 1:7
IHu. 110:1 INkosi yayiyohlala ngakwesokunene sikaJehova Math. 22:43-45;
IHu. 110:4 UKristu ungumpristi kuze kube phakade Heb. 7:17
ngokokuma kukaMelkisedeki
IHu. 112:9 “Wahlaphaza . . . ukulunga kwakhe kuhlala 2 Kor. 9:9
kuze kube-phakade”
IHu. 116:10 “Ngakholwa, ngakho ngakhuluma” 2 Kor. 4:13
IHu. 117:1 “Dumisani iNkosi nina nonke-bezizwe” Roma 15:11
IHu. 118:6 “INkosi ingumsizi wami, angiyikwesaba” Heb. 13:6
IHu. 140:3 “Isihlungu sezinyoka siphansi kwezindebe zabo” Roma 3:13
IzAga 26:11 “Inja yabuyela ebuhlanzweni bayo” 2 Pet. 2:22
Isaya 6:9, 10 AmaIsrayeli awazange azilalele izindaba Math. 13:13-15;
ezinhle Marku 4:12;
Isaya 8:17, 18 “Bheka mina nabantwana uNkulunkulu anginiké bona” Heb. 2:13
Isaya 10:22, 23 Insali kuphela kwaIsrayeli eyayiyosindiswa Roma 9:27, 28
Isaya 22:13 “Masidle, siphuze, ngokuba ngomuso sizakufa” 1 Kor. 15:32
Isaya 25:8 “Ukufa kugingiwe kwaba-ngukunqoba” 1 Kor. 15:54
Isaya 28:11, 12 Abantu abazange bakholwe ngisho noma 1 Kor. 14:21
kukhulunywa nabo “ngezindebe zabezinye izizwe”
Isaya 28:16 Akukho ukujabhiswa kwalabo ababeka ukholo 1 Pet. 2:6; Roma 10:11
lwabo kuKristu, isisekelo eSiyoni
Isaya 29:13 Ubuzenzisi bababhali nabaFarisi bachazwa Math. 15:7-9;
Isaya 29:14 UNkulunkulu uchitha ukuhlakanipha 1 Kor. 1:19
kwabahlakaniphileyo
Isaya 40:6-8 Izwi elikhulunywe uJehova lihlala phakade 1 Pet. 1:24, 25
Isaya 40:13 ‘Ngubani owaba ngumluleki kaJehova?’ Roma 11:34
Isaya 42:6; 49:6 “Ngikubekile ube-ngukukhanya kwabezizwe” IzE. 13:47
Isaya 45:23 Wonke amadolo ayoguqa kuJehova Roma 14:11
Isaya 49:8 Isikhathi esihle sokuzwiwa, “ngosuku lwensindiso” 2 Kor. 6:2
Isaya 52:7 Zinhle izinyawo zabathwele izindaba ezinhle Roma 10:15
Isaya 52:11 “Phumani phakathi kwabo, nahlukane nabo” 2 Kor. 6:17
Isaya 52:15 Izindaba ezinhle zamenyezelwa kwabeZizwe Roma 15:21
Isaya 54:1 “Thokoza wena-nyumba ongazaliyo” Gal. 4:27
Isaya 54:13 “Bonke bayakuba-ngabafundiswé nguNkulunkulu” Joh. 6:45
Isaya 56:7 Indlu kaJehova yayiyokuba yindlu yokukhuleka Math. 21:13;
yazo zonke izizwe Marku 11:17;
Isaya 59:7, 8 Ububi babantu bachazwa Roma 3:15-17
Isaya 65:1, 2 UJehova wabonakala ezizweni zabeZizwe Roma 10:20, 21
Isaya 66:1, 2 “Izulu liyisihlalo sami sobukhosi, nomhlaba IzE. 7:49, 50
uyisenabelo sezinyawo zami”
Jer. 5:21 Banamehlo, kodwa ababoni Marku 8:18
Jer. 9:24 “Ozibongayo akazibonge eNkosini” 1 Kor. 1:31; 2 Kor. 10:17
Jer. 31:31-34 UNkulunkulu wayeyokwenza isivumelwano esisha Heb. 8:8-12; 10:16, 17
Dan. 9:27; 11:31 “Amanyala encithakalo” Math. 24:15
Hos. 1:10; 2:23 AbeZizwe nabo babeyokuba abantu bakaNkulunkulu Roma 9:24-26
Hos. 6:6 “Ngifuna isihawu, hayi umhlatshelo” Math. 9:13; 12:7
Hos. 13:14 “Kufa, luphi udosi lwakho na?” 1 Kor. 15:54, 55
Joweli 2:28-32 “Yilowo nalowo obiza igama leNkosi uyakusindiswa” IzE. 2:17-21;
Amose 9:11, 12 UNkulunkulu wayeyokwakha kabusha IzE. 15:16-18
idokodo likaDavide
Hab. 1:5 “Bhekani nina-zideleli, nimangale” IzE. 13:40, 41
Hab. 2:4 “Olungileyo wami uyakuphila ngokukholwa” Heb. 10:38; Roma 1:17
Hag. 2:6 Amazulu nomhlaba kuyozanyazanyiswa Heb. 12:26, 27
Mal. 1:2, 3 UJakobe wathandwa, uEsawu wazondwa Roma 9:13
Imibuzo yeshadi elithi “Okunye Ukucashunwa Nokusetshenziswa KwemiBhalo YesiHeberu Abalobi BemiBhalo YesiGreki”:
(a) Izikhombo ezibhekisela encwadini kaGenesise emiBhalweni yesiGreki zikusekela kanjani ukulandisa kwayo kwendalo?
(b) Zisetshenziswa kanjani izikhombo ezisencwadini kaGenesise ezibhekisela kuAbrahama nasembewini ka-Abrahama?
(c) Yiziphi izingcaphuno ezicashunwe encwadini kaEksodusi ngokuphathelene neMithetho Eyishumi nezinye izici zoMthetho?
(d) Siwatholaphi amazwi okuqala emithetho emibili emikhulu, owokuthanda komuntu uJehova ngenhliziyo yakhe nomphefumulo wakhe wonke nowokuthanda komuntu umakhelwane wakhe?
(e) Yisho ezinye zezimiso eziyisisekelo ezishiwo eziNcwadini Ezinhlanu Zokuqala ezicashunwe emiBhalweni yesiGreki. Zisetshenziswa kanjani?
(f) Yiziphi izindimana ezikumaHubo, ezicashunwe emiBhalweni yesiGreki, ezikhulisa uJehova (1) njengoMdali noMnikazi womhlaba? (2) njengaLowo obonisa isithakazelo kwabalungileyo futhi obanakekelayo?
(g) ImiBhalo YamaKristu YesiGreki izisebenzisa kanjani izindimana ezikuIsaya nabanye abaprofethi (1) ekushunyayelweni kwezindaba ezinhle? (2) ekunqabeni kwabathile izindaba ezinhle? (3) ekubeni kwabantu bezizwe abakholwayo, ngaphezu kwensali yakwaIsrayeli? (4) ezinzuzweni zokuba nokholo ezindabeni ezinhle?