Incwadi YeBhayibhile 3—Levitikus
Umbhali: NguMoses
Indawo Eyabhalelwa Kuyo: Entlango
Ukugqitywa Kokubhalwa Kwayo: Ngowe-1512 B.C.E.
Ixesha Eligutyungelweyo: Inyanga enye (ngowe-1512 B.C.E.)
1. (a) Kutheni le nto igama elithi Levitikus lifanelekile? (b) Ngawaphi amanye amagama eye yabizwa ngawo iLevitikus?
ELONA gama liqhelekileyo lencwadi yesithathu yeBhayibhile lelithi Levitikus, elivela kwelithi Leu·i·ti·konʹ leSeptuagint yesiGrike kwaye ngokweVulgate yesiLatini ngu-“Leviticus.” Eli gama lifanelekile, nakubeni abaLevi bekhankanywa nje kancinane (kwisahluko 25:32, 33), kuba ngokuyintloko le ncwadi iqulethe inkcazelo engokumiselwa kwababingeleli abangabaLevi, abakhethwa kuhlanga lukaLevi, nemithetho aba babingeleli ababeyifundisa abantu: “Kuba imilebe yombingeleli ifanele igcine ukwazi, yaye abantu bafanele bawufune emlonyeni wakhe umthetho.” (Mal. 2:7, NW) Kumbhalo wesiHebhere, le ncwadi ithiywe ngegama elithatyathwe kwibinzana layo lokuqala elinguWai·yiq·raʼʹ, ngokoqobo elithetha ukuthi, “Wabiza.” KumaYuda amva, le ncwadi yayikwabizwa ngokuba nguMthetho Wababingeleli noMthetho Weminikelo.—Lev. 1:1, umbhalo osemazantsi we-NW.
2. Bubuphi ubungqina obuxhasa ukuba yabhalwa nguMoses?
2 Alithandabuzeki elokuba nguMoses owabhala iLevitikus. Amazwi ayo aqukumbelayo athi: “Yiyo leyo imithetho uYehova awayiwisela uMoses.” (27:34) Amazwi afanayo afumaneka kwiLevitikus 26:46. Ubungqina obuchazwe ngaphambilana obungqinela ukuba iGenesis ne-Eksodus zabhalwa nguMoses bukwaxhasa ukuba nguye owabhala iLevitikus njengoko kubonakala ukuba ntlandlolo iincwadi ezintlanu zokuqala zeBhayibhile zazingumsongo omnye. Ngaphezu koko, iLevitikus ihlanganiswe neencwadi ezandulelayo ngesihlanganisi esithi “kwaye ke.” (NW) Obona bungqina bukhulu kunabo bonke bobokuba uYesu Kristu nabanye abakhonzi bakaYehova abaphefumlelweyo basoloko becaphula okanye bebhekisela kwimithetho nakwimigaqo ekwiLevitikus kwaye bathi yekaMoses.—Lev. 23:34, 40-43—Neh. 8:14, 15; Lev. 14:1-32—Mat. 8:2-4; Lev. 12:2—Luka 2:22; Lev. 12:3—Yoh. 7:22; Lev. 18:5—Roma 10:5.
3. Sisiphi isihlandlo sexesha esigutyungelwa yiLevitikus?
3 ILevitikus igubungela siphi isihlandlo sexesha? Incwadi ye-Eksodus iqukumbela ngokumiswa kwetabarnekile ‘ngenyanga yokuqala, ngomnyaka wesibini, ngosuku lokuqala lwenyanga.’ Incwadi yeNumeri (elandela ingxelo yeLevitikus) ivula ngoYehova ethetha noMoses ‘ngosuku lokuqala lwenyanga yesibini ngomnyaka wesibini wokuphuma kwabo ezweni laseYiputa.’ Ngoko ke, kucacile ukuba iziganeko ezimbalwa zeLevitikus zenzeka kwithuba elingangenyanga, ekubeni ikakhulu le ncwadi iqulethe imithetho nemimiselo.—Eks. 40:17; Num. 1:1; Lev. 8:1–10:7; 24:10-23.
4. ILevitikus yabhalwa nini?
4 UMoses wayibhala nini iLevitikus? Kusengqiqweni ukugqiba kwelokuba wagcina ingxelo yeziganeko njengoko zazisenzeka waza wayibhala phantsi imiyalelo kaThixo njengoko wayeyifumana. Oku kuboniswa ngumyalelo uThixo awawunika uMoses wokuba abhale ngokutshatyalaliswa kwama-Amaleki kanye nje emva kokuba amaSirayeli ayewoyisile edabini. Eminye imibandela esencwadini ibonisa ukuba wayibhala ngaphambilana kunoko. Ngokomzekelo, amaSirayeli ayalelwa ukuba azise phambi komnyango wentente yokuhlangana izilwanyana awayefuna ukuzisebenzisela ukutya ukuze zixhelwe. Lo myalelo umele ukuba wakhutshwa waza wabhalwa kamsinya emva kokumiselwa kwababingeleli. Kunikelwe imiyalelo emininzi yokukhokela amaSirayeli ebudeni bohambo lwawo entlango. Konke oku kubonisa ukuba uMoses wayibhala iLevitikus ebudeni bowe-1512 B.C.E.—Eks. 17:14; Lev. 17:3, 4; 26:46.
5. Yiyiphi injongo eyaphunyezwa yimithetho emayela namadini nokungahlambuluki?
5 Sasiyintoni isizathu sokuba kubhalwe iLevitikus? UYehova wayenenjongo yokuba nohlanga olungcwele, abantu abangcwalisiweyo, abahlulelwe inkonzo yakhe. Ukususela kwixesha lika-Abheli, abantu bakaThixo abathembekileyo babenikela kuYehova imibingelelo, kodwa uYehova waqala ngohlanga lwakwaSirayeli ukunikela imiyalelo ecacileyo ngokuphathelele amadini esono neminye imibingelelo. Njengoko kuchazwe ngokweenkcukacha kwiLevitikus, la madini nemibingelelo awenza amaSirayeli abuqonda ubunzulu besono sawo kwaye yabethelela ezingqondweni zawo indlela esawenza awakholiseka ngayo kuYehova. Le mimiselo, njengenxalenye yoMthetho, yakhokelela amaYuda kuKristu, iwabonisa imfuneko yokuba noMsindisi yaye kwangaxeshanye iwagcina engabantu abahlukileyo ehlabathini. Imithetho kaThixo emayela nokuhlanjululwa yayiphumeza ngokukhethekileyo le njongo yesibini.—Lev. 11:44; Gal. 3:19-25.
6. Kutheni le nto ngoku ulwalathiso oluneenkcukacha olwaluvela kuYehova lwalufuneka ngokukhethekileyo?
6 Njengohlanga olutsha olwalusendleleni eya kwilizwe elitsha, amaSirayeli ayefuna ulwalathiso olufanelekileyo. Imilinganiselo yokuphila yaseYiputa noqheliselo lwakhona lonqulo ayesalukhumbula, kuba wawungekapheli unyaka ukususela kwixesha leMfuduko. EYiputa umntu wayetshata nomntakwabo nodade wabo. Kwakuqheliselwa unqulo lobuxoki lokuhlonela oothixo abaninzi, bambi babo ababengoothixo abazizilwanyana. Ngoku eli bandla likhulu lalisendleleni esinge eKanan, apho indlela ekwakuphilwa ngayo noqheliselo lonqulo lwalulihlazo kwanangakumbi. Kodwa kwakhona khawukhangele kwiindawo amaSirayeli awayemisa kuzo. Abantu ababelandisa eli bandla yayingumxube omninzi wamaYiputa, awayehlala kanye phakathi kwamaSirayeli nawayezelwe ngabazali abangamaYiputa aza akhuliswa yaye afundiswa ngeendlela zamaYiputa zonqulo nezokuthand’ izwe. Ngokungathandabuzekiyo amaninzi kuwo ayezifice kuqheliselo olucekisekayo kwilizwe lawo lokuzalwa kwixeshana nje elifutshane ngaphambili. Hayi indlela ekwakufuneka ngayo ukuba ngoku afumane ukhokelo oluneenkcukacha oluvela kuYehova!
7. Imimiselo yeLevitikus ikubonisa ngayiphi indlela ukuba ibhalwe nguThixo?
7 ILevitikus inikela ingxelo yokuphefumlelwa kwayo yonke nguThixo. Abantu nje bekungenakwenzeka ukuba babe bayila imithetho nemimiselo yayo yobulumko nesesikweni. Imimiselo yayo ngokuphathelele ukutya, isifo, isifo esasulelayo nendlela yokuphathwa kwezidumbu ityhila ukuba nolwazi ngezibakala abangazange babe nalo abantu bezamayeza behlabathi de kwasemva kweminyaka engamawakawaka. Umthetho kaThixo mayela nokungadliwa kwezilwanyana eziziinqambi wawuya kuwakhusela amaSirayeli ngoxa ayeseluhambeni. Wawuya kuwakhusela kwisifo seentshulube esibangelwa ngamaqhakuva enyameni yehagu, kwicesina nakwicesina ebangelwa ziintlobo ezithile zeentlanzi, nakwisifo esasulelayo esivela kwizilwanyana ezifunyenwe sele zifile. Le mithetho iluncedo yayiyeyokunikela ulwalathiso kunqulo nakubomi bawo ukuze ahlale eluhlanga olungcwele nokuze afike kwiLizwe Ledinga aze abe ngabemi balo. Imbali ibonisa ukuba imimiselo eyayilungiselelwe nguYehova yawazisela amaYuda ingenelo eqinisekileyo kunezinye izizwe kumbandela wempilo.
8. Iziqulatho ezingokwesiprofeto zeLevitikus zikungqinela njani ngokubhekele phaya ukuba iphefumlelwe?
8 Ukuzaliseka kweziprofeto nemifuziselo ekwiLevitikus kungqinela ngokubhekele phaya ukuphefumlelwa kwayo. Imbali engcwele neyehlabathi inikela ingxelo yokuzaliseka kwezilumkiso zeLevitikus ezimayela nemiphumo yokungathobeli. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, yaxela kwangaphambili ukuba oomama babeya kudla abantwana babo ngenxa yendlala. UYeremiya ubonisa ukuba oku kwazaliseka xa kwakutshatyalaliswa iYerusalem ngowama-607 B.C.E., kwaye uJosephus uthetha ngokwenzeka kwako xa kwakutshatyalaliswa eso sixeko kamva, ngowama-70 C.E. Idinga elingokwesiprofeto lokuba uYehova wayeya kuwakhumbula ukuba ayeguqukile lazaliseka xa ayebuya eBhabhiloni ngowama-537 B.C.E. (Lev. 26:29, 41-45; IZili. 2:20; 4:10; Ezra 1:1-6) Obunye ubungqina obubhekele phaya bokuba iLevitikus iphefumlelwe ziingcaphulo ezenziwa ngabanye ababhali beBhayibhile ngokuphuma kuyo njengeSibhalo esiphefumlelweyo. Ukongezelela kwabo baye bakhankanywa ngaphambilana abathi uMoses ungumbhali wayo, khawubone uMateyu 5:38; 12:4; 2 Korinte 6:16; neyoku-1 kaPetros 1:16.
9. ILevitikus ilibalaselisa njani igama nobungcwele bukaYehova?
9 Incwadi yeLevitikus iyavisisana ekuthetheni kwayo ngokuzukileyo ngegama nolongamo lukaYehova. Kangangezihlandlo ezingama-36 imithetho yayo kuthiwa yekaYehova. Ngokwesilinganiselo, igama likaYehova ngokwalo livela izihlandlo ezilishumi kwisahluko ngasinye, kwaye ngokufuthi ukuthobela imithetho kaThixo kubethelelwa sesi sikhumbuzo sithi, “NdinguYehova.” Iyonke iLevitikus ithetha ngobungcwele, kwaye le mfuneko ikhankanywa ngokufuthi kuyo kunayo nayiphi na enye incwadi yeBhayibhile. AmaSirayeli ayefanele abe ngcwele ngenxa yokuba uYehova ungcwele. Abantu, iindawo, izinto namaxesha athile ayebekelwa bucala njengangcwele. Ngokomzekelo, uMhla Wocamagushelo noMnyaka weNtlokoma wawubekelwa bucala njengezihlandlo ezikhethekileyo zokunqula uYehova.
10. Yintoni ebethelelwayo ngokunxulumene namadini, kwaye ziziphi izohlwayo zesono ekuthethwe ngazo?
10 Ngokuvisisana nokugxininisa kwayo kubungcwele, incwadi yeLevitikus ibethelela indima eyayiphunyezwa kukuphalazwa kwegazi, oko kukuthi, ukubulawa kwesilwanyana ukuze kuxolelwe izono. Imibingelelo yezilwanyana yayisenziwa kuphela ngezilwanyana zasekhaya nezazingezonqambi. Izono ezithile kwakufuneka zivunywe, kubuyiselwe oko kuthatyathiweyo, yaye kukhutshwe nentlawulo yesohlwayo ukongezelela kumbingelelo. Kwezinye izono, isohlwayo sasikukufa.
OKUQULETHWE YILEVITIKUS
11. ILevitikus inokuchazwa njani?
11 Ubukhulu becala kwiLevitikus kubhalwe imithetho, emininzi yayo ekwangeyesiprofeto. Ngokuyintloko le ncwadi inenkcazelo esexesheni yaye isenokwahlulahlulwa ibe ngamacandelo asibhozo, alandelelana ngokusengqiqweni ngokupheleleyo.
12. Ziziphi iintlobo zemibingelelo yegazi ezikuyo, kwaye zimele zinyuswe njani?
12 Imimiselo yemibingelelo (1:1–7:38). Imibingelelo eyahlukahlukeneyo iziindidi ezimbini eziqhelekileyo: eyegazi, leenkomo, leegusha, leebhokhwe neleentaka; nengeyoyagazi, yokutya. Imibingelelo yegazi imele isondezwe njengedini (1) elinyukayo, (2) loxolo, (3) lesono, okanye (4) letyala. Yomine le misondezo inezi zinto zintathu ifana ngazo: Lowo uwenzayo umele awuzise ngokwakhe emnyango wentente yokuhlangana, umele awubeke izandla, size ke isilwanyana eso sixhelwe. Emva kokutshizwa kwegazi, umzimba waso umele utyatywe ngokuvisisana nohlobo lombingelelo. Ngoku makhe siqwalasele imibingelelo yegazi.
13-16. (a) Chaza izinto ezifunekayo (1) kumadini anyukayo, (2) kwimibingelelo yoxolo, (3) kumadini esono, (4) nakumadini etyala. (b) Ngokunxulumene nemibingelelo yegazi, yintoni eyalelwe ngokuphindaphindiweyo?
13 (1) Amadini anyukayo asenokwenziwa ngethole lenkomo eliyinkunzi, ngetakane legusha eliyinkunzi, ngebhokhwe, okanye ngevukuthu okanye ngehobe, kuxhomekeka kuloo nto anayo lowo uzisa umsondezo. Loo nto imele ixhaxhwe ize yonke itshiswe esibingelelweni, ngaphandle kwesikhumba. Ngokuphathelele ihobe okanye ivukuthu, intloko yalo imele iqhawulwe, kodwa ingasikwa, kwaye igila nomswane zimele zishenxiswe.—1:1-17; 6:8-13; 5:8.
14 (2) Umbingelelo woxolo usenokwenziwa ngenkunzi okanye ngemazi, eyasezinkomeni okanye eyempahla emfutshane. Ziindawo zayo ezinamanqatha kuphela eziya kutshiswa phezu kwesibingelelo, enye inxalenye isiwa kumbingeleli ize enye ityiwe ngulowo uzisa umsondezo. Ubizwa kakuhle ngokuba ngumbingelelo woxolo, kuba ngawo lowo uwusondezayo wabelana ngesidlo, okanye ngokungathi kunjalo, uxolelaniswa noYehova nombingeleli.—3:1-17; 7:11-36.
15 (3) Xa kwenziwe izono ngokungenanjongo okanye ngempazamo, kufuneka idini lesono. Uhlobo lwesilwanyana ekwenziwa idini ngaso luxhomekeka kwisono salowo ucanyagushelwayo—esombingeleli, esesizwe siphela, esesikhulu okanye esomntu nje oqhelekileyo. Ngokungafaniyo namadini anyukayo nawoxolo angawokuzithandela awenzelwa abantu ngabanye, idini lesono liyanyanzeliswa.—4:1-35; 6:24-30.
16 (4) Amadini etyala ngawokucamagushela ityala lomntu elibangelwe kukungathembeki, yinkohliso, okanye kukuphanga. Kwiimeko ezithile ityala kufuneka livunywe kuze kwenziwe umbingelelo ngaloo nto umntu anayo. Kwezinye iimeko, kufuneka intlawulo elinganayo noko kulahlekileyo kunye nama-20 ekhulwini ako nombingelelo owenziwa ngenkunzi yemvu. Kweli candelo leLevitikus elithetha ngamadini, ukudliwa kwegazi kwalelwe ngokungqongqo nangokuphindaphindiweyo.—5:1–6:7; 7:1-7, 26, 27; 3:17.
17. Imibingelelo engeyoyagazi imele inikelwe njani?
17 Imibingelelo engeyoyagazi imele yenziwe ngokudla kwaye imele inikelwe yonke njengeyosiweyo, entlakantlaka, engumgrayo okanye njengomgubo ocoliweyo; yaye imele ilungiselelwe ngeendlela ezahlukahlukeneyo, njengebhakiweyo, eqhotswe ngepani, okanye egcadwe emafutheni amaninzi. Imele isondezwe inetyuwa neoli kwaye maxa wambi ibe nentlaka emhlophe, kodwa imele ingabi nalo nje kwaphela igwele okanye ubusi. Inxalenye yeminye imibingelelo iya kuba yeyombingeleli.—2:1-16.
18. Ukumiselwa kwababingeleli kufikiswa encotsheni yako ngawuphi umbono owomeleza ukholo?
18 Ukumiselwa kwababingeleli (8:1–10:20). Ngoku kufika ixesha lesihlandlo esikhulu kwaSirayeli, elokumiselwa kwababingeleli. UMoses ukuphumeza ngokweenkcukacha zako zonke, kanye njengokuba uYehova emyalele. “Benza ooAron noonyana bakhe zonke izinto abewise umthetho ngazo uYehova ngesandla sikaMoses.” (8:36) Emva kweentsuku ezisixhenxe zokumiselwa, kubakho umbono omangalisayo nowomeleza ukholo. Lonke ibandla lihlanganisene. Ababingeleli basandul’ ukwenza umbingelelo. UAron noMoses babasikelele abantu. Ngoku, khawukhangele okwenzekayo! “Babonakala ubuqaqawuli bukaYehova kubo bonke abantu. Kwaphuma umlilo ebusweni bukaYehova walidla idini elinyukayo, namanqatha aphezu kwesibingelelo; babona bonke abantu, baduma, bawa ngobuso.” (9:23, 24) Ngenene, bafanele bamthobele kwaye bamnqule uYehova!
19. Luluphi ukreqo olwenziwayo, lulandelwa yintoni?
19 Ukanti bayakreqa kuwo uMthetho. Ngokomzekelo, oonyana baka-Aron uNadabhi noAbhihu benza phambi koYehova umlilo ongafanelekanga. “Kwaphuma umlilo ebusweni bukaYehova, wabadla; bafa phambi koYehova.” (10:2) Ukuze benze umbingelelo owamkelekileyo kwaye banandiphe inkoliseko kaYehova, abantu nababingeleli ngokufanayo bamele balandele imiyalelo kaYehova. Kanye emva koku, uThixo unikela umyalelo wokuba ababingeleli abamele basele ziselo zinxilisayo ngoxa bekhonza etabarnekileni, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba ukunxila kusenokuba kuye kwafak’ isandla kwisenzo esiphosakeleyo soonyana baka-Aron ababini.
20, 21. Yiyiphi imimiselo egubungela ukuhlanjululwa nemigaqo yempilo efanelekileyo?
20 Imithetho engokucoceka (11:1–15:33). Eli candelo lithetha ngokuhlanjululwa nokucoceka okungokwemigaqo yempilo. Izilwanyana ezithile, ezasekhaya nezasendle, ziziinqambi. Zonke izinto ezifileyo ziziinqambi kwaye zibangela ukuba abo bazichukumisayo babe ziinqambi. Ukuzalwa komntwana nako kubangela ubunqambi kwaye kuye kufuneke ukuba umntu ahlulwe kwabanye kuze kwenziwe nemibingelelo ekhethekileyo.
21 Izifo ezithile zolusu, ezinjengeqhenqa, nazo zibangela ukungangcwaliseki, kwaye kumele kungahlanjululwa nje kuphela abantu kodwa kwanempahla nezindlu. Kufuneka ukuba umntu onesifo avalelwe yedwa. Ukuba sexesheni nokuphuma kwamadlozi nako kuphumela kukungangcwaliseki, njengokuba kunjalo ukubhobhoza. Ukwahlulwa kwabanye kuyafuneka kwezi meko, kwaye ukongezelela, kufuneka kuhlanjwe umzimba okanye kwenziwe imibingelelo okanye zenziwe zombini ezi zinto.
22. (a) Kutheni le nto isahluko 16 sibalasele nje? (b) Injani inkqubo yoMhla Wocamagushelo?
22 Umhla Wocamagushelo (16:1-34). Esi sisahluko esibalaseleyo, kuba siqulethe imiyalelo yolona suku lubalulekileyo kumaSirayeli, uMhla Wocamagushelo, oba ngomhla weshumi wenyanga yesixhenxe. Ngumhla wokohlwaywa komphefumlo (ngokunokwenzeka ngokuzila ukudla), ibe ngawo akuvumelekanga ukwenza umsebenzi wokuziphilisa. Uqaliswa ngokunyuswa kwedini lenkunzi entsha yenkomo ukwenzela izono zika-Aron nabendlu yakhe, isizwe sikaLevi, kuze kulandeliswe ngokunyuswa kwedini lebhokhwe ukwenzela uhlanga luphela. Emva kokutshiswa kwesiqhumiso, elinye igazi lesilwanyana ngasinye liziswa kweYona Ngcwele yetabarnekile, ukuze litshizwe phambi kwesigqubuthelo seTyeya. Kamva umzimba wesilwanyana umele ukhutshwe emnqubeni uze utshiswe. Ngalo mhla kukwamele kunikelwe kuYehova ngebhokhwe ephilileyo, kwaye phezu kwayo kuxelwa zonke izono zabantu, ekuthi emva koko isiwe entlango. Kumele ke kunikelwe iinkunzi ezimbini zezimvu njengamadini anyukayo asemliweni, elinye ilelika-Aron nendlu yakhe kwaye elinye ilelohlanga luphela.
23. (a) Siyifumana phi enye yezona ngxelo zicacileyo zeBhayibhile ezingegazi? (b) Yiyiphi eminye imimiselo elandelayo?
23 Imimiselo engegazi neminye imicimbi (17:1–20:27). Kweli candelo kukho imimiselo emininzi eyenzelwe abantu. Kwakhona igazi lalelwe kwenye yezona ngxelo zicacileyo zingegazi ezifumaneka eZibhalweni. (17:10-14) Igazi lisenokusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo esibingelelweni, kodwa alinakudliwa. Uqheliselo olucekisekayo, olunjengokulalana kwabantu abazalanayo, ukulalana kwamadoda nokulala nezilwanyana, lwalelwe. Kukho imimiselo yokukhusela abantu abaxhwalekileyo, abasweleyo nabangabaphambukeli, kwaye kunikelwe lo myalelo, “Uze umthande ummelwane wakho ngoko uzithanda ngako; ndinguYehova.” (19:18) Impilontle engokwentlalo nengokoqoqosho yohlanga inyanyekelwe, kwaye iingozi zokomoya, ezinjengokunqula uMoleki nokusebenzelana nemimoya, ziyagwetywa, kwaye zinesohlwayo sokufa. Kwakhona uThixo ugxininisa ukuba abantu bakhe bazahlule esithi: “Ize nibe ngcwele kum, ngokuba ndiyiNgcwele, mna Yehova; ndanahlula kwezinye izizwe, ukuba nibe ngabam.”—20:26.
24. Yintoni eboniswa yiLevitikus ngokuphathelele iimfaneleko zababingeleli nemisitho yonyaka?
24 Ababingeleli nemithendeleko (21:1–25:55). Izahluko ezithathu ezilandelayo zithetha ngokuyintloko ngonqulo lwamaSirayeli olungokwesithethe: imimiselo elawula ababingeleli, iimfaneleko zabo zokwenyama, lowo banokutshata naye, lowo usenokutya izinto ezingcwele nemfuneko yokuba kusetyenziswe izilwanyana eziphilileyo njengamadini. Kukho imisitho emithathu oluyalelwe ukuyenza uhlanga, eba zizihlandlo ‘zokugcoba phambi koYehova uThixo walo.’ (23:40) Ngamxhelo-mnye, uhlanga luya kuthi ngale ndlela luphethulele ingqalelo ekudumiseni nasekunquleni uYehova, lusomeleza ulwalamano lwalo naye. Le yimisitho eyenzelwa uYehova, iindibano ezingcwele zonyaka. IPasika, kunye noMthendeleko Wezonka Ezingenagwele, wenziwa ekuqaleni kwentlakohlaza; iPentekoste, okanye uMthendeleko Weeveki, wenziwa ekupheleni kwentlakohlaza; kwaye uMhla Wocamagushelo noMthendeleko Weminquba, okanye Wokuhlanganisa, weentsuku ezisibhozo wenziwa ekwindla.
25. (a) Kuboniswa njani ukuba “iGama” limele lihlonelwe? (b) Yiyiphi imimiselo ebandakanya inani ‘elisisixhenxe’?
25 Kwisahluko 24, kunikelwe umyalelo omayela nesonka neoli emayisetyenziswe xa kukhonzwa etabarnakileni. Emva koko kuchazwa isiganeko athi uYehova ayalele ukuba nabani na osebenzisa kakubi “iGama”—ewe, igama likaYehova—umele axulutywe ngamatye afe. Wandula ke avakalise umthetho wesohlwayo sobubele ongulo, “iliso ngeliso, izinyo ngezinyo.” (24:11-16, 20) Kwisahluko 25, kufunyanwa imimiselo emayela neSabatha yonyaka wonke, okanye unyaka wokuphumla, eqhutywa njalo ngomnyaka wesiXhenxe neNtlokoma engomnyaka wama-50. Ngalo nyaka wama-50, kumele kuvakaliswe inkululeko kulo lonke ilizwe, kwaye impahla yelifa eyathengiswayo okanye kwanikezelwa ngayo ebudeni beminyaka engama-49 edluleyo imele ibuyiselwe. Kumiselwa imithetho ekhusela amalungelo abantu abangamahlwempu nabangamakhoboka. Kweli candelo inani ‘elisisixhenxe’ livela kaninzi—usuku lwesixhenxe, umnyaka wesixhenxe, imithendeleko yeentsuku ezisixhenxe, ithuba leeveki ezisixhenxe, neNtlokoma, ethi ibekho emva kweminyaka esixhenxe ephindwe kasixhenxe.
26. ILevitikus ifikelela kuluphi uvuthondaba lwayo?
26 Imiphumo yokuthobela neyokungathobeli (26:1-46). Incwadi yeLevitikus ifikelela kuvuthondaba lwayo kwesi sahluko. Apha uYehova uchaza imivuzo yokuthobela nezohlwayo zokungathobeli. Kwangaxeshanye, uwanika ithemba amaSirayeli ukuba ayazithoba, esithi: “Ndonikhumbulela umnqophiso wam namanyange endiwakhuphe ezweni laseYiputa phambi kweentlanga, ukuba ndibe nguThixo kubo; ndinguYehova.”—26:45.
27. Iqukumbela njani iLevitikus?
27 Eminye imimiselo (27:1-34). ILevitikus iqukumbela ngemiyalelo engokusingathwa kwemibingelelo yezibhambathiso, yamazibulo ahlulelwe kuYehova, neyezishumi ezithi zibe ngcwele kuYehova. Kwandula ke kubekho la mazwi mafutshane aqukumbelayo: “Yiyo leyo imithetho uYehova awayiwisela uMoses ngenxa yoonyana bakaSirayeli, entabeni yaseSinayi.”—27:34.
ISIZATHU SOKUBA IBE YINGENELO
28. Iyingenelo njani iLevitikus kumaKristu namhlanje?
28 Njengenxalenye yeZibhalo eziphefumlelweyo, incwadi yeLevitikus iyingenelo kakhulu kumaKristu namhlanje. Iluncedo ngokumangalisayo ekuqondeni uYehova, iimpawu zakhe neendlela aqhubana ngazo nezidalwa zakhe, njengoko ekubonise ngokucacileyo oko ekuqhubaneni namaSirayeli awayephantsi komnqophiso woMthetho. ILevitikus ichaza imigaqo emininzi esisiseko eya kusoloko isebenza, kwaye inemizekelo emininzi engokwesiprofeto, kwaneziprofeto, ekomeleza ukholo ukuziqwalasela. Imigaqo yayo emininzi iphinde yachazwa kwiZibhalo zamaKristu zesiGrike, yimbi yayo icatshulwe ngokungqalileyo. Ngezantsi kuxutyushwa iingongoma ezisixhenxe ezibalaseleyo.
29-31. ILevitikus ikugxininisa njani ukuhlonela (a) ulongamo, (b) igama, (c) nobungcwele bukaYehova?
29 (1) Ulongamo lukaYehova. UnguMmisi-mthetho, kwaye thina njengezidalwa zakhe sixhomekeke kuye. Usiyalela ngokufanelekileyo ukuba simoyike. NjengoMongami Wendalo Iphela, akanyamezeli nakuphi na ukukhweletiswa, enoba kungohlobo lokunqula izithixo, kungokusebenzelana nemimoya, okanye kungezinye iinkalo zobudemon.—Lev. 18:4; 25:17; 26:1; Mat. 10:28; IZe. 4:24.
30 (2) Igama likaYehova. Igama Lakhe limele ligcinwe lingcwele, kwaye asimele sizise ungcikivo kulo ngamazwi okanye ngezenzo.—Lev. 22:32; 24:10-16; Mat. 6:9.
31 (3) Ubungcwele bukaYehova. Ngenxa yokuba engcwele, abantu bakhe nabo bamele babe ngcwele, oko kukuthi, bangcwaliswe, okanye bahlulelwe inkonzo yakhe. Oku kuquka ukuzahlula kwihlabathi elingahloneli Thixo elisingqongileyo.—Lev. 11:44; 20:26; Yak. 1:27; 1 Pet. 1:15, 16.
32-34. Yiyiphi imigaqo eyandlaliweyo emayela (a) nesono, (b) negazi, (c) nokuba netyala?
32 (4) Ubunzulu besono. NguThixo omisela into esiyiyo isono, kwaye thina simele sizabalazele ukulwa nxamnye naso. Isono sisoloko sifuna idini locamagushelo. Ukongezelela, sikwafuna ukuba thina sisivume, siguquke size senze ulungiso kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Izono ezithile azixoleleki.—Lev. 4:2; 5:5; 20:2, 10; 1 Yoh. 1:9; Heb. 10:26-29.
33 (5) Ubungcwele begazi. Ngenxa yokuba igazi lingcwele, alimele lifakwe emzimbeni nangayiphi na indlela. Ekuphela kwendawo elivunyelweyo ukusetyenziswa kuyo igazi kuxa kucanyagushelwa isono.—Lev. 17:10-14; IZe. 15:29; Heb. 9:22.
34 (6) Ukuhlobana kokuba netyala nesohlwayo. Asizizo zonke izono ingengabo bonke naboni ababejongwa ngendlela efanayo. Okukhona umntu wayekwisigxina esiphezulu, kokukhona wayenembopheleleko nesohlwayo esikhulu sesono. Umntu wayesohlwaywa ngokuqatha ngakumbi xa enze isono ngabom kunaxa esenze ngempazamo. Izohlwayo zazidla ngokulinganiselwa koko umoni wayenokukuhlawula. Lo mgaqo wokuhlobana kwezinto wawukwasetyenziswa nakwezinye iinkalo ngaphandle kwesono nesohlwayo, njengakwimeko yokungahlambuluki.—Lev. 4:3, 22-28; 5:7-11; 6:2-7; 12:8; 21:1-15; Luka 12:47, 48; Yak. 3:1; 1 Yoh. 5:16.
35. ILevitikus izishwankathela njani iimfanelo esinazo kubantu abangoowethu?
35 (7) Okusesikweni nothando. Ekushwankatheleni kwayo iimfanelo esinazo kubantu abangoowethu, iLevitikus 19:18 ithi: “Uze umthande umelwane wakho ngoko uzithanda ngako.” Oku kusebenza kuzo zonke iimeko. Akukuvumeli ukubonakaliswa kwekhethe, ukuba, ukuxoka, okanye ukunyelisa, kwaye kufuna ukuba kubonakaliswe ulwazelelelo kwabaneziphene, kwabangamahlwempu, kwabaziimfama nakwabazizithulu.—Lev. 19:9-18; Mat. 22:39; Roma 13:8-13.
36. Yintoni engqinela ukuba iLevitikus iyingenelo kwibandla lamaKristu?
36 Kwakhona okunye okungqinela ukuba iLevitikus ngokubalaseleyo ‘iyeyengenelo ekufundiseni, ekohlwayeni, ekulungiseni izinto, ekuqeqesheni okusebulungiseni’ kwibandla lamaKristu ziimbekiselo eziphindaphindiweyo ezenziwa nguYesu nabapostile bakhe kuyo, ngokukodwa uPawulos noPetros. Aba batsalela ingqalelo kwimizekelo nakwizithunzi ezininzi ezingokwesiprofeto zezinto eziza kubakho. Kunjengokuba uPawulos wathi, ‘uMthetho unesithunzi sezinto ezilungileyo eziza kubakho.’ Umisela “umzekelo nesithunzi sezinto zasemazulwini.”—2 Tim. 3:16, NW; Heb. 10:1; 8:5.
37. Kukuphi ukuzaliseka kwezithunzi okuchazwe kumaHebhere?
37 Itabarnekile, ububingeleli, amadini, kwaye ngokukodwa uMhla Wocamagushelo waminyaka le zonke zazinentsingiselo engokomfuziselo. Kwincwadi yakhe eya kumaHebhere, uPawulos usinceda sifanise intsingiselo yokomoya yezi zinto ngokuhlobene ‘nomnquba wenyaniso’ wonqulo lukaYehova. (Heb. 8:2) Umbingeleli omkhulu uAron ufuzisela uKristu Yesu ‘njengombingeleli omkhulu wazo izinto ezilungileyo eziza kubakho, ngowona mnquba mkhulu nogqibeleleyo.’ (Heb. 9:11; Lev. 21:10) Igazi lamadini ezilwanyana lifanekisela kwangaphambili igazi likaYesu, elisenza sifumane “inkululo engunaphakade.” (Heb. 9:12) Elona gumbi lingaphakathi letabarnekile, eYona Ngcwele, awayengena kulo umbingeleli omkhulu kuphela ngoMhla Wocamagushelo lwaminyaka le ukuze anikele igazi ledini, ‘lingumfuziselo wenyaniso,’ “amazulu ngokwawo,” awanyukela kuwo uYesu “ukuba abonakale ebusweni bukaThixo ngenxa yethu.”—Heb. 9:24; Lev. 16:14, 15.
38. Amadini emifuziselo azalisekiswa njani nguYesu?
38 Ezona zinto zazisetyenziselwa ukwenza amadini—izilwanyana eziphilileyo nezingenasiphako ezazinikelwa njengamadini anyukayo okanye esono—zazimela idini elifezekileyo nelingenasiphako lomzimba womntu onguYesu Kristu. (Heb. 9:13, 14; 10:1-10; Lev. 1:3) Okubangel’ umdla kukuba, noPawulos uxubusha ngenkalo yoMhla Wocamagushelo apho imizimba yezilwanyana zedini lesono yayikhutshwa emnqubeni ize itshiswe. (Lev. 16:27) UPawulos ubhala oku, “Kungoko athe noYesu, . . . weva ubunzima ngaphandle kwesango. Masiphume ke ngoko siye kuye ngaphandle kweminquba, sithwele ingcikivo yakhe.” (Heb. 13:12, 13) Ngengcaciso ephefumlelwe ngolo hlobo, iinkqubo zokuhlanjululwa ezandlalwe kwiLevitikus zithi zibe nentsingiselo engakumbi, ibe ngokwenene sinokuqalisa ukuyiqonda indlela awathi uYehova ngokumangalisayo wenza ngayo apho izithunzi ezoyikekayo ezazisalatha phambili kwizinto zokwenene ezaziya kucaciswa kuphela ngomoya oyingcwele. (Heb. 9:8) Ukuqonda okufanelekileyo okunjalo kubalulekile kwabo baya kungenelwa lilungiselelo lobomi alenzayo uYehova ngoKristu Yesu, ‘umbingeleli omkhulu phezu kwendlu kaThixo.’—Heb. 10:19-25.
39. ILevitikus ifanelana njani namazwi athi “sonke iSibhalo” ekwenzeni ukuba iinjongo zoBukumkani bukaYehova zaziwe?
39 Ngokufana nendlu ka-Aron yababingeleli, uYesu Kristu njengoMbingeleli Omkhulu unababingeleli abangaphantsi abanxulumene naye. Aba kuthethwa ngabo ‘njengesibingeleli esibukumkani.’ (1 Pet. 2:9) ILevitikus yalatha ize iwuchaze ngokucacileyo umsebenzi wokucamagushela izono woMbingeleli Omkhulu noKumkani kaYehova nezinto ezifunekayo kumalungu endlu Yakhe, ekuthiwa ‘anoyolo kwaye angcwele’ nekuthiwa ‘angababingeleli bakaThixo nabakaKrsitu wakhe abalawula njengookumkani kunye naye iminyaka eliwaka.’ Ezinjani zona iintsikelelo eziya kubangelwa nguloo msebenzi wobubingeleli ekuphakamiseleni uluntu oluthobelayo emfezekweni, ibe olunjani lona ulonwabo oluya kuziswa bobo Bukumkani basezulwini ngokubuyisela uxolo nobulungisa emhlabeni! Ngokuqinisekileyo, sonke simele simbulele uThixo ongcwele, uYehova, ngokulungiselela kwakhe ukuba uMbingeleli Omkhulu noKumkani nesibingeleli esibukumkani bavakalise ezindaweni zonke ukuzuka Kwakhe ukuze kungcwaliswe igama Lakhe! Ngokwenyaniso, iLevitikus ifanelana ngokumangalisayo namazwi athi “sonke iSibhalo” ekuvakaliseni iinjongo zoBukumkani bukaYehova.—ISityhi. 20:6.