Incwadi YeBhayibheli Ye-19—AmaHubo
Abalobi: UDavide nabanye
Yalotshelwa: Akwaziwa
Ukuloba Kwaphela: Cishe ngo-460 B.C.E.
1. Iyini incwadi yamaHubo, futhi iquketheni?
INCWADI yamaHubo yayiyincwadi ephefumlelwe yezingoma yabakhulekeli bakaJehova beqiniso ezikhathini zasendulo, iqoqo lezingoma, noma amahubo angcwele angu-150, ahambisana nomculo wezinsimbi futhi ahlelelwa ukukhulekela uJehova uNkulunkulu obala ethempelini lakhe eJerusalema. Lamahubo ayizingoma zokudumisa uJehova, futhi hhayi lokho kuphela, aqukethe nemithandazo yokunxusela umusa nosizo, kanye nezinkulumo ezizwakalisa ukwethemba. Agcwele imithandazo yokubonga nentokozo kanye namazwi enjabulo enkulu, yebo, engenakuqhathaniswa. Amanye awukufingqwa komlando, ukuzindla ngomusa wothando kaJehova nezenzo zakhe ezinkulu. Agcwele iziprofetho, eziningi zazo eziye zagcwaliseka ngokuphawulekayo. Aqukethe iziyalo eziningi ezizuzisayo nezakhayo, zonke ezishiwo ngolimi oluphakeme nolungokomfanekiso olushukumisa umfundi ekujuleni kwenhliziyo. Amahubo ayisibiliboco sokudla okungokomoya, okulungiswe kahle kwabekwa ngendlela ekhangayo phambi kwethu.
2. (a) Iziphi izihloko ezisetshenziswe encwadini yamaHubo, futhi zisho ukuthini? (b) Liyini ihubo?
2 Sisho ukuthini isihloko salencwadi, futhi ubani owaloba amaHubo? EBhayibhelini lesiHeberu, lencwadi ibizwa ngokuthi Seʹpher Tehil·limʹ, okusho ukuthi “Incwadi Yezindumiso,” noma nje Tehil·limʹ, okungukuthi, “Izindumiso.” Leli igama elisebuningini lelithi Tehil·lahʹ, elisho “Indumiso” noma “Ingoma Yokudumisa,” elitholakala esihlokwaneni seHubo 145. Igama elithi “Izindumiso” lifaneleka kakhulu, njengoba lencwadi iqokomisa ukudumisa uJehova. Isihloko esithi “AmaHubo” sivela kuyiSeptuagint yesiGreki, eyayisebenzisa igama elithi Psal·moiʹ, elisho izingoma ezihutshwa kanye nezinsimbi zomculo. Leligama liyatholakala futhi nasezindaweni eziningi emiBhalweni YamaKristu YesiGreki, njengakuLuka 20:42 nakuzEnzo 1:20. Ihubo liyingoma engcwele noma inkondlo esetshenziselwa ukudumisa nokukhulekela uNkulunkulu.
3. Izihlokwana zisitshelani ngabalobi?
3 Amahubo amaningi anezihloko, noma izihlokwana, futhi lezi ngokuvamile ziyasho ukuthi abhalwa ubani. Izihloko ezingamashumi ayisikhombisa nantathu ziveza igama likaDavide, “[u]mhlabeleli omnandi wakwaIsrayeli.” (2 Sam. 23:1) Akungabazeki ukuthi amaHubo 2, 72, no-95 nawo alotshwa uDavide. (Bheka IzEnzo 4:25, IHubo 72:20, namaHeberu 4:7.) Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaHubo 10 no-71 abonakala ewukuqhutshwa kwamaHubo 9 no-70 ngokulandelana futhi ngaleyondlela kungashiwo ukuthi alotshwa uDavide. Amahubo ayishumi nambili kuthiwa alotshwa uAsafa, ngokusobala okusho indlu ka-Asafa, njengoba amanye alawa ekhuluma ngezehlakalo zangemva kosuku luka-Asafa. (IHu. 79; 80; 1 IziKr. 16:4, 5, 7; Ezra 2:41) Amahubo ayishumi nanye ngokuqondile kuthiwa alotshwa amadodana kaKora. (1 IziKr. 6:31-38) IHubo 43 libonakala liwukuqhutshwa kweHubo 42, futhi ngaleyondlela nalo kungashiwo ukuthi lalotshwa amadodana kaKora. Ngaphezu kokukhuluma ‘ngamadodana kaKora,’ iHubo 88 futhi liqokomisa uHemani esihlokwaneni salo, futhi iHubo 89 likhuluma ngoEthani njengomlobi. IHubo 90 kuthiwa lalotshwa uMose, futhi iHubo 91 kungenzeka ukuthi nalo elikaMose. IHubo 127 elikaSolomoni. Kanjalo ingxenye engaphezu kwezingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu yamahubo kuthiwa yalotshwa abalobi abahlukahlukene.
4. Ukuloba kuhlanganisa isikhathi esingakanani?
4 Incwadi yamaHubo incwadi eyodwa enkulu kunazo zonke izincwadi zeBhayibheli. Njengoba kufakazelwa amaHubo 90, 126, no-137, yalotshwa isikhathi eside, okungenani kusukela esikhathini uMose aloba ngaso (1513-1473 B.C.E.) kuze kube ngemva kokubuya eBabiloni futhi ngokunokwenzeka kuze kube nawusuku lukaEzra (537–cishe ku-460 B.C.E.). Ngaleyondlela, ukuloba kubonakala kwathatha cishe iminyaka eyinkulungwane. Nokho, isikhathi esihlanganiswa yilokho ekuqukethe side kakhulu, sisukela esikhathini sokudala futhi sifingqa umlando wokusebenzelana kukaJehova nezinceku zakhe kuze kube sesikhathini sokuqanjwa kwamaHubo okugcina.
5. (a) Incwadi yamaHubo ikubonisa kanjani ukuhleleka? (b) Izihlokwana zinikeza kuphi ukwaziswa okwengeziwe? (c) Kungani singekho isidingo sokuphumisela igama elithi “Sela” lapho kufundwa amahubo?
5 Incwadi yamaHubo incwadi ebonisa ukuhleleka. UDavide ngokwakhe ukhuluma “[nge]zindwendwe zikaNkulunkulu wami, iNkosi yami, ziya endlini engcwele. Ngaphambili kuhamba abahlabeleli, ngasemuva abashaya izigubhu. Bongani uNkulunkulu emihlanganweni.” (IHu. 68:24-26) Lokhu kunikeza isizathu senkulumo evame ukuphindaphindwa ethi “Kumholi” ezihlokwaneni, kanye namagama amaningi asankondlo nasamculo. Ezinye izihlokwana zichaza ukusetshenziswa noma injongo yehubo noma zinikeze iziyalezo zomculo. (Bheka izihlokwana zamaHubo 6, 30, 38, 60, 88, 102, no-120.) Okungenani kumahubo angu-13 kaDavide, njengamaHubo 18 no-51, izehlakalo ezibangela ukuqanjwa kwawo zilandisiwe kafushane. Angamashumi amathathu nane amahubo awanazo nhlobo izihlokwana. Iganyana elithi “Sela,” elivela izikhathi ezingu-71 embhalweni oyinhloko, kuvame ukuba kucatshangwe ukuthi liyigama elisemthethweni elisetshenziswa ekuculeni noma lapho kushiwo izilolozelo, nakuba incazelo yalo ethé ngqo ingaziwa. Abanye basikisela ukuthi libonisa ikhefu lokuzindla buthule lapho kuculwa noma kokubili lapho kuculwa ngamaphimbo nalapho kuculwa ngezinsimbi. Ngakho-ke, alidingi kuphunyiselwa lapho kufundwa.
6. (a) Incwadi yamaHubo ihlukaniswe yaba imiqulu emingaki ehlukene? (b) Ngokusobala ubani owahlela incwadi yamaHubo wayenza umqulu?
6 Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, incwadi yamaHubo ibilokhu ihlukaniswe yaba izincwadi, noma imiqulu emihlanu ehlukene, ngendlela elandelayo: (1) AmaHubo 1-41; (2) AmaHubo 42-72; (3) AmaHubo 73-89; (4) AmaHubo 90-106; (5) AmaHubo 107-150. Kubonakala sengathi iqoqo lokuqala lalezingoma lenziwa uDavide. Ngokusobala uEzra, umpristi ‘nombhali ochwepheshile emthethweni kaMose,’ uyena owasetshenziswa uJehova ukuba ahlele incwadi yamaHubo ayenze umqulu.—Ezra 7:6.
7. Iziphi ezinye izici encwadini yamaHubo okumelwe ziphawulwe?
7 Ukukhula okuqhubekayo kwaleliqoqo kungase kuchaze isizathu sokuba amanye amahubo aphindaphindwe ezingxenyeni ezihlukene, njengamaHubo 14 no-53; 40:13-17 no-70; 57:7-11 no-108:1-5. Ngayinye yalezingxenye ezinhlanu iphetha ngesibusiso esishiwo kuJehova, noma amazwi okudumisa—njengoba ezine zokuqala zalezi zihlanganisa ukusabela kwabantu bese kuthi esokugcina sibe yilo lonke IHubo 150.—IHu. 41:13, umbhalo waphansi kuyiNW.
8. Chaza futhi ubonise ukuhlelwa kwawo ngendlela yezinhlamvu zokuzikhumbuza.
8 Kumahubo ayisishiyagalolunye kusetshenziswe indlela yokuqamba ekhetheké kakhulu; ibizwa ngokuthi izinhlamvu zokuzikhumbuza ngenxa yokulandelana kwayo ngokohlu lwezinhlamvu zamagama. (AmaHubo 9, 10, 25, 34, 37, 111, 112, 119, no-145) Kulendlela yokubhala ivesi lokuqala noma amavesi esigaba sokuqala aqala ngohlamvu lokuqala lwezinhlamvu zamagama esiHeberu, oluthi ʼaʹleph (א), ivesi (amavesi) elilandelayo liqale ngohlamvu lwesibili, oluthi behth (ב), kuqhubeke njalo, kuzo zonke noma kweziningi izinhlamvu zamagama esiHeberu. Lokhu kungenzeka ukuthi kwasebenza njengesikhumbuzo—cabanga nje ngabaculi basethempelini kudingeka ukuba bakhumbule izingoma ezinde njengeHubo 119! Ngokuthakazelisayo, izinhlamvu zokuzikhumbuza zegama likaJehova zitholakala kumaHubo 96:11. Ingxenye yokuqala yalelivesi ngesiHeberu inamagama amane, futhi izinhlamvu zokuqala zalamagama, lapho zifundwa kusukela ngakwesokudla kuya ngakwesobunxele, zingongwaqa abane besiHeberu beTetragrammaton, YHWH (יהוה).
9. (a) Amahubo amaningi ayikhanga ngokuqondile ingqondo nenhliziyo ngenxa yasiphi isizinda? (b) Yini enye enezela emandleni nasebuhleni bawo?
9 Lezinkondlo ezingcwele, ezisamculo zithathwe endimeni yesiHeberu enemisho ephetha ngemisindo engafani futhi zibonisa ubuhle obungenakwedlulwa besitayela nokugeleza komqondo okusamculo. Zikhuluma ngokuqondile nengqondo nenhliziyo. Zakha imifanekiso ecacile. Ububanzi nokujula okumangalisayo, kokubili endabeni okuxoxwa ngayo nasemizwelweni enamandla ezwakaliswayo, ngokwengxenye kungenxa yokuhlangenwe nakho okungavamile kokuphila kukaDavide, okunikeza isizinda kumahubo amaningi. Ambalwa amadoda aye aphila ukuphila okuhlukahlukene kangaka—njengomalusi, iqhawe elilodwa elimelene noGoliyati, umculi wasesigodlweni, umbaleki phakathi kwabangane abaqotho naphakathi kwabakhapheli, inkosi nomnqobi, ubaba onothando oxakwe ukwehlukana okusemkhayeni wakhe, lowo kabili owaba nokuhlangenwe nakho okumuncu kwesono esingathi sína kodwa owayelokhu engumkhulekeli oshisekayo kaJehova nomthandi woMthetho waKhe. Njengoba inesizinda esinjalo, akumangalisi ukuthi incwadi yamaHubo ikhuluma ngayo yonke inhlobo yemizwelo yabantu! Okunezela emandleni nasebuhleni bayo ukufana kanye nokuphikisana komqondo okusankondlo okuyisici esivelele ezinkondlweni zesiHeberu.—IHu. 1:6; 22:20; 42:1; 121:3, 4.
10. Yini efakazela ubuqiniso bencwadi yamaHubo?
10 Ubuqiniso balezingoma ezindala kakhulu zokudumisa uJehova bufakazelwe ngokwanele ukuvumelana kwazo ngokuphelele nayo yonke imiBhalo. Incwadi yamaHubo icashunwe izikhathi eziningana ababhali bemiBhalo YamaKristu YesiGreki. (IHu. 5:9 [Roma 3:13]; IHu. 10:7 [Roma 3:14]; IHu. 24:1 [1 Kor. 10:26]; IHu. 50:14 [Math. 5:33]; IHu. 78:24 [Joh. 6:31]; IHu. 102:25-27 [Heb. 1:10-12]; IHu. 112:9 [2 Kor. 9:9]) UDavide ngokwakhe wathi engomeni yakhe yokugcina: “UMoya kaJehova wakhuluma ngami; izwi lakhe lalisolimini lwami.” Yilomoya owawusebenze kuye kusukela osukwini lokugcotshwa kwakhe uSamuweli. (2 Sam. 23:2; 1 Sam. 16:13) Ngaphezu kwalokho, abaphostoli bacaphuna encwadini yamaHubo. UPetru wabhekisela ‘embhalweni umoya ongcwele owawukhulumayo ngaphambili ngomlomo kaDavide,’ futhi ezingcaphunweni eziningana ezisencwadini yamaHubo, umlobi owayebhalela amaHeberu wabhekisela kuzo njengamazwi akhulunywe uNkulunkulu noma wazethula ngamazwi athi, “njengokusho kukaMoya oNgcwele ukuthi.”—IzE. 1:16; 4:25; Heb. 1:5-14; 3:7; 5:5, 6.
11. Ubufakazi obusekela amaHubo bugcizelelwa kanjani izinkulumo zikaJesu?
11 Lapho siza ebufakazini obunamandla kakhulu bobuqiniso balencwadi, sicaphuna uJesu, iNkosi evusiwe, ethi kubafundi bakhe: “Yiwo lawomazwi ami engawakhuluma kini . . . okuthi: Kumelwe ukugcwaliseka konke okulotshwé ngami emthethweni kaMose, nakubaprofethi, nasemaHutsheni.” Lapho uJesu wayehlanganisa yonke imiBhalo yesiHeberu ngendlela eyayisetshenziswa amaJuda nayeyijwayele kakhulu. Ukukhuluma kwakhe ngencwadi yamaHubo kwakuhlanganisa lonke iqoqo lesithathu lemiBhalo, elibizwa ngokuthi iHagiographa (noma ImiBhalo Engcwele), incwadi yamaHubo eyayiyincwadi yalo yokuqala. Lokhu kuqinisekiswa yilokho ayekushó emahoreni ambalwa ngaphambili kwababili ababesendleleni eya e-Emawuse, lapho ‘ebachasisela kuyo yonke imiBhalo okuqondene naye.’—Luka 24:27, 44.
OKUQUKETHWE INCWADI YAMAHUBO
12. Incwadi yamaHubo isithinta kanjani ngokushesha isihloko senjabulo, kanye nesihloko soMbuso?
12 INcwadi Yokuqala (AmaHubo 1-41). Wonke lawa ngokuqondile kuthiwa abhalwa uDavide ngaphandle kwamaHubo 1, 2, 10, no-33. IHubo 1 lithinta iphuzu eliyinhloko zisuka nje, njengoba lithi uyajabula umuntu ojabula ngomthetho kaJehova, ozindla ngawo imini nobusuku ukuze awulandele, ngokuphambene nezoni ezingamesabi uNkulunkulu. Lokhu ukukhuluma kokuqala ngenjabulo okutholakala kumaHubo. IHubo 2 liqala ngombuzo obeka inselele futhi likhuluma ngokuma okuhlangene kwawo wonke amakhosi nezikhulu eziphakeme zomhlaba ‘ngokumelene noJehova nogcotshiweyo wakhe.’ UJehova ubenza inhlekisa abese ekhuluma nabo ngentukuthelo evuthayo, ethi: “Ngibekile iNkosi yami eSiyoni, intaba yami engcwele.” Iyona eyophula iphahlaze bonke abaphikisayo babe izicucu. Nina eningamanye amakhosi nababusi, “mkhonzeni uJehova ngokwesaba” niqaphele iNdodana yaKhe funa nibhubhe! (Amav. 2, 6, 11) Ngaleyondlela incwadi yamaHubo ngokushesha iqalisa isihloko seBhayibheli esinguMbuso.
13. Yini enye iqoqo lokuqala lamahubo eliyenza ivelele?
13 Kuleliqophelo lokuqala, imithandazo, kokubili yokunxusa neyokubonga, ingevelele. IHubo 8 liqhathanisa ubukhulu bukaJehova nobuncane bomuntu, futhi iHubo 14 lidalula ubulima babantu abenqaba ukuzithoba egunyeni likaNkulunkulu. IHubo 19 libonisa indlela indalo enhle kaJehova uNkulunkulu ememezela ngayo inkazimulo yakhe, futhi amavesi 7-14 aqokomisa izinzuzo ezinika umvuzo zokugcina umthetho ophelele kaNkulunkulu, oboniswa kamuva ngesilinganiso esikhulu kumaHubo 119. IHubo 23 lamukelwa endaweni yonke njengobunye bobungcweti obukhulu kuzo zonke izincwadi, kodwa inhle ngisho nangaphezulu ngobulula bayo obuhle ekuzwakaliseni kwayo ukwethembela okuqotho kuJehova. Oh, kwangathi sonke ‘singahlala endlini kaJehova, uMalusi Omkhulu, kuze kube phakade’! (23:1, 6) IHubo 37 linikeza iseluleko esihle kubantu abesaba uNkulunkulu abahlala phakathi kwabenza okubi, futhi iHubo 40 lizwakalisa injabulo yokwenza intando kaNkulunkulu, njengoba nje uDavide ayenza.
14. Yini eshiwo ngokuhlenga eNcwadini Yesibili yamaHubo, futhi yimiphi imithandazo kaDavide eveziwe?
14 INcwadi Yesibili (AmaHubo 42-72). Lengxenye iqala ngamahubo ayisishiyagalombili amadodana kaKora. AmaHubo 42 no-43 womabili kuthiwa abhalwa amadodana kaKora, njengoba womabili empeleni eyinkondlo eyodwa enezigaba ezintathu, ezixhunyaniswe ivesi elivela ngokuphindaphindiwe. (42:5, 11; 43:5) IHubo 49 ligcizelela ukungakwazi komuntu ukuzilungiselela umhlengi wakhe siqu, futhi likhomba uNkulunkulu njengonamandla anele ukuba ahlenge umuntu “esandleni sendawo yabafileyo.” (Iv. 15) IHubo 51 liwumthandazo kaDavide, awusho ngemva kwesono sakhe esibi noBati-Sheba, umkaUriya umHeti, futhi libonisa ukuphenduka kwakhe okuqotho. (2 Sam. 11:1–12:24) Lengxenye iphetha ngehubo “likaSolomoni,” umthandazo wokucela ukubusa okunokuthula nowokuba isibusiso sikaJehova sibe naye.—IHu. 72.
15. INcwadi Yesithathu ithini ngokuphathelene nomlando wakwaIsrayeli, izahlulelo zikaJehova, nesivumelwano sakhe soMbuso?
15 INcwadi Yesithathu (AmaHubo 73-89). Okungenani amabili alawa, amaHubo 74 no-79, aqanjwa ngemva kokubhujiswa kweJerusalema ngo-607 B.C.E. Alila ngalenhlekelele enkulu futhi anxuse uJehova ukuba asize abantu bakhe ‘ngenxa yenkazimulo yegama lakhe.’ (79:9) IHubo 78 lilandisa umlando wakwaIsrayeli kusukela esikhathini sikaMose kuze kube yilapho uDavide ‘ebelusa ngobuqotho benhliziyo yakhe’ (Iv. 72), futhi iHubo 80 likhomba uJehova ‘njengoMalusi wangempela kaIsrayeli.’ (Iv. 1) AmaHubo 82 no-83 awukunxusa uJehova onamandla ukuba akhiphe izahlulelo zakhe ezitheni zakhe nasezitheni zabantu bakhe. Kunokuba okwempindiselo, lokhu kunxusa okokuba “[abantu] bafune igama lakho, Jehova, . . . [futhi] bazi ukuthi nguwe wedwa ogama lakho linguJehova; ungoPhezukonke emhlabeni wonke.” (83:16, 18) Ekugcineni kulengxenye kuba neHubo 89, eliqokomisa ‘amazwi kaJehova omusa wothando,’ njengoba kuboniswé ngokuvelele esivumelwaneni sakhe asenza noDavide. Lesi singesendlalifa yaphakade esihlalweni sobukhosi sikaDavide, eyobusa phambi kukaJehova kuze kube phakade!—Amav. 1, 34-37.
16. INcwadi Yesine ibuphakamisa kanjani ubukhosi bukaJehova nokugcina kwakhe isivumelwano?
16 INcwadi Yesine (AmaHubo 90-106). NjengeNcwadi Yesithathu, lena inamahubo angu-17. Iqala ngomthandazo kaMose, ngokukhululeka okukhulu ikhuluma ngokuba khona phakade kukaNkulunkulu nokuphila isikhathi esifushane komuntu ofayo. IHubo 92 lidumisa izimfanelo eziphakeme zikaJehova. Kube sekuba khona leloqoqo elihle, amaHubo 93-100, eliqala ngokumemeza okushukumisayo, “UJehova uyinkosi.” Ngakho “mhlaba wonke” unxuswa ukuba ‘uhlabelele kuJehova, ubonge igama lakhe . . . ngokuba mkhulu uJehova, udumisekile kakhulu.’ “UJehova mkhulu eSiyoni.” (93:1; 96:1, 2, 4; 99:2) AmaHubo 105 no-106 abonga uJehova ngezenzo zakhe ezimangalisayo azenzele abantu bakhe nangokugcina kwakhe ngokwethembeka isivumelwano sakhe noAbrahama ngokunika imbewu yakhe izwe, naphezu kokukhononda nokuhlehlela kwayo emuva okungenakubalwa.
17. Iyiphi into engavamile iHubo 104 elithakazelisa ngayo, futhi isiphi isihloko esiphindaphindwayo kusukela lapha kuqhubeke?
17 Okuthakazelisa ngokungavamile iHubo 104. Leli lidumisa uJehova ngesithunzi nesizotha azembathisé ngaso, futhi lichaza ukuhlakanipha kwakhe njengoba kuboniswé emisebenzini nasemikhiqizweni yakhe eminingi emhlabeni. Khona-ke isihloko sayo yonke incwadi yamaHubo sivezwe ngamandla, njengoba lamazwi evela ngokokuqala: “Dumisani uJah nina bantu!” (Iv. 35, NW) Lokhu kumema abakhulekeli beqiniso ukuba banike uJehova udumo olufanele igama lakhe, ngesiHeberu okuyigama elilodwa elithi halelu–Yahʹ noma “Haleluya,” lendlela yakamuva yokubhala ijwayelwe abantu emhlabeni wonke namuhla. Kusukela kulelivesi kuqhubeke, lamazwi avela izikhathi ezingu-24, amahubo amaningi eqala futhi aphethe ngawo.
18. (a) Iyiphi impinda esamculo eqokomisa iHubo 107? (b) Ayini amaHubo abizwa ngokuthi amaHubo eHallel?
18 INcwadi Yesihlanu (AmaHubo 107-150). KumaHubo 107 sinencazelo yezenzo zikaJehova zokukhulula, zihambisana nempinda esamculo: “Mababonge uJehova ngomusa wakhe nezimangaliso zakhe kubo abantwana babantu.” (Amav. 8, 15, 21, 31) AmaHubo 113 kuya ku-118 abizwa ngokuthi amaHubo eHallel. NgokweMishnah, lawa ayehutshwa amaJuda ngePhasika nasemikhosini yePentekoste, yamaDokodo, neyokuHlanjululwa Kwethempeli.
19. Ahluke kanjani amaHubo 117 no-119, futhi yiziphi ezinye zezici zeHubo 119?
19 IHubo 117 linamandla ngendlela elula elibekwe ngayo, njengoba liyihubo elifushane kunawo wonke amahubo nezahluko eBhayibhelini. IHubo 119 liyihubo elide kunawo wonke amahubo nezahluko zeBhayibheli, linengqikithi yamavesi angu-176 ezigabeni zalo ezingu-22 ezenziwa amavesi angu-8 sisinye ezilandelana ngezinhlamvu zamagama. Wonke ngaphandle kwamabili alamavesi (u-90 no-122) abhekisela ngandlela-thile ezwini noma emthethweni kaJehova uNkulunkulu, ephindaphinda amaningana noma wonke amazwi (athi umthetho, izikhumbuzo, iziqondiso, imiyalo, izahlulelo) akumaHubo 19:7-14 esigabeni ngasinye. Izwi likaNkulunkulu kubhekiselwa kulo izikhathi ezingaphezu kwezingu-170 ngelinye lamagama angu-8 alandelayo: umyalo (imiyalo), isahlulelo (izahlulelo), umthetho, iziqondiso, isikhumbuzo (izikhumbuzo), nelithi izwi (amazwi).
20, 21. (a) Ayini amaGama Okukhuphuka? (b) Akubonisa kanjani ukuqaphela kukaDavide isidingo sokukhulekela kobunye?
20 Ngokulandelayo, sithola elinye iqoqo lamahubo, amaGama Okukhuphuka angu-15, amaHubo 120-134. Abahumushi baye bahumusha lamazwi ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene ngoba incazelo yawo ayiqondakali ngokuphelele. Abanye bathi abhekisela kokuphakeme okuqukethwe yilamahubo, nakuba singabonakali isizathu esicacile sokuwaphakamisa ngaphezu kwamanye amahubo aphefumlelwe. Abakhulumeli abaningi basikisela ukuthi lesihloko sivela ekusetshenzisweni kwalezingoma abakhulekeli ababenyuka, noma “bekhuphuka,” beya eJerusalema emikhosini yaminyaka yonke, njengoba uhambo oluya enhloko-dolobha lwalubhekwa njengokukhuphuka ngenxa yokuthi lomuzi wawakhiwe phezulu ezintabeni zakwaJuda. (Qhathanisa noEzra 7:9.) UDavide ikakhulukazi wayesiqaphela ngokujulile isidingo sokuba abantu bakaNkulunkulu bahlangane ukuze bakhulekele. Wakujabulela ukuzwa isimemo esithi: “Masiye endlini kaJehova”; futhi izizwe zakhuphuka, “ukuba [zi]dumise igama likaJehova.” Ngenxa yalesosizathu ngobuqotho wafuna ukuthula, ukulondeka, nokuchuma kweJerusalema, ethandaza: “Ngenxa yendlu kaJehova uNkulunkulu wethu ngiyakukufunela okuhle.”—IHu. 122:1, 4, 9.
21 IHubo 132 lilandisa ngesifungo sikaDavide sokungaphumuli kuze kube yilapho esetholele uJehova indawo yokuphumula efanelekile, njengoba emelelwe umphongolo wesivumelwano. Ngemva kokuba uMphongolo usubekwe eSiyoni, uJehova uchazwa ngomusho omuhle osankondlo njengothi ukhethé iSiyoni, ‘indawo yami yokuphumula kuze kube-phakade; lapha ngiyakuhlala khona, ngokuba ngiyifunile.’ Wasiqaphela lesisikhungo sokukhulekela, “ngokuba uJehova wayaleza khona isibusiso.” “UJehova makakubusise eseSiyoni.”—132:1-6, 13, 14; 133:3; 134:3; bheka futhi neHubo 48.
22. (a) Ukufanelwa kukaJehova udumo kuqokonyiswe kanjani? (b) Isihloko esikhazimulayo salencwadi sikhuphukela kanjani emvuthwandaba emahutsheni okuphetha?
22 IHubo 135 lidumisa uJehova njengoNkulunkulu ofanelwe udumo owenza konke akuthandayo, ngokuphambene nezithombe eziyize nezingenalutho, ezibenzi bazo bayofana nazo ncamashí. IHubo 136 liyiculo lokusabela, ngalinye ivesi liphetha kanje: “Ngokuba umusa wakhe umi-phakade.” Ukusabela okunjalo kubonakala kuye kwasetshenziswa ezikhathini eziningi. (1 IziKr. 16:41; 2 IziKr. 5:13; 7:6; 20:21; Ezra 3:11) IHubo 137 lilandisa ngokulangazelela iSiyoni okwakusezinhliziyweni zamaJuda lapho ethunjelwe eBabiloni futhi lifakazela ukuthi awazange azikhohlwe izingoma, noma amahubo, aseSiyoni nakuba ayekude nezwe lakubo. IHubo 145 liphakamisa ubuhle nobukhosi bukaJehova, libonisa ukuthi “uyalondoloza bonke abamthandayo, kepha ababi bonke uyakubabhubhisa.” (Iv. 20) Khona-ke, njengesiphetho esishukumisayo, amaHubo 146-150 aqalisa futhi isihloko esihle kakhulu salencwadi, ngalinye liqala futhi liphetha ngamazwi athi, “Haleluya!” Lengoma yokudumisa ikhuphukela emvuthwandaba omkhulu eHutsheni le-150, lapho izikhathi ezingu-13 emavesini ayisithupha limema yonke indalo ukuba idumise uJehova.
ISIZATHU SOKUBA IBE NENZUZO
23. (a) Isiphi isigijimi esiphilayo esiqukethwe amaHubo? (b) Igama likaJehova nobukhosi kuphakanyiswe kanjani?
23 Ngenxa yokuphelela kobuhle nendlela abhalwe ngayo, amahubo eBhayibheli kumelwe ahlanganiswe nezincwadi ezinkulu kunoma yiluphi ulimi. Nokho, angaphezu kakhulu kokuba izincwadi. Awumbiko ophilayo ovela kuMbusi Ophakeme wendawo yonke, uJehova uNkulunkulu uqobo. Anikeza ukuqonda okujulile ezimfundisweni eziyisisekelo zeBhayibheli, ezikhuluma okokuqala nokubaluleke kakhulu ngoJehova, umBhali walo. Kuboniswa ngokucacile ukuthi unguMdali wendawo yonke nakho konke okukuyo. (8:3-9; 90:1, 2; 100:3; 104:1-5, 24; 139:14) Igama elithi Jehova ngempela lenziwe laqhama encwadini yamaHubo, lapho livela khona cishe izikhathi ezingu-700. Ngaphezu kwalokho, indlela efingqiwe yokubhala igama elithi Jehova ngokuthi “Jah” itholakala izikhathi ezingu-43, okuthi uma sekukonke igama laphezulu kukhulunywe ngalo cishe izikhathi ezingu-5, ngokwesilinganiso, eHutsheni ngalinye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhulunywa ngoJehova cishe izikhathi ezingu-350 ngokuthi ʼElo·himʹ, noma Nkulunkulu. Ukubusa okuphakeme kukaJehova kuboniswa ekubhekiseleni kuye ‘njengeNkosi uJehova’ emahutsheni amaningana.—68:20; 69:6; 71:5; 73:28; 140:7; 141:8.
24. Kuthiwani encwadini yamaHubo ngokuphathelene nomuntu ofayo, futhi kunikezwa siphi iseluleko esinengqondo?
24 Ngokungefani noNkulunkulu ophakade, umuntu ofayo kuboniswa ukuthi uzalelwe esonweni futhi udinga umhlengi, futhi kuboniswa ukuthi uyafa futhi abuyele “othulini,” ehlele eSheoli, okuyithuna elivamile lesintu. (6:4, 5; 49:7-20; 51:5, 7; 89:48; 90:1-5; 115:17; 146:4) Incwadi yamaHubo igcizelela isidingo sokulalela umthetho kaNkulunkulu nokuthembela kuJehova. (1:1, 2; 62:8; 65:5; 77:12; 115:11; 118:8; 119:97, 105, 165) Ixwayisa ngokuqhosha ‘nangezono ezisithekile’ (19:12-14; 131:1) futhi itusa ubungane obuhle nobuqotho. (15:1-5; 26:5; 101:5) Ibonisa ukuthi ukuziphatha okulungile kuletha ukuvunyelwa uJehova. (34:13-15; 97:10) Iveza ithemba elikhanyayo ngokuthi “insindiso ingekaJehova” nokuthi labo abamesabayo, ‘uyakusindisa umphefumulo wabo ekufeni.’ (3:8; 33:19) Lokhu kusiletha esicini sayo esingokwesiprofetho.
25. (a) Yini cishe egcwele encwadini yamaHubo? (b) UPetru wayisebenzisa kanjani incwadi yamaHubo ekuchazeni uDavide Omkhulu?
25 Incwadi yamaHubo cishe igcwele iziprofetho ezikhomba phambili kuJesu Kristu, “indodana kaDavide,” nendima ayeyoyifeza njengoGcotshiwe neNkosi kaJehova.a (Math. 1:1) Njengoba ibandla lamaKristu laliqalisa ukuphila ngePentekoste lika-33 C.E., umoya ongcwele waqala ukukhanyisela abaphostoli ngokugcwaliseka kwaleziprofetho. Ngalo kanye lolosuku, uPetru wacaphuna ngokuphindaphindiwe encwadini yamaHubo ukuze anabise isihloko senkulumo yakhe edumile. Lena yayiphathelene nomuntu: “UJesu waseNazaretha.” Ingxenye yokugcina yenkulumo yakhe isekelwe cishe ngokuphelele ezingcaphunweni ezivela encwadini yamaHubo ezifakazela ukuthi uKristu Jesu unguDavide Omkhulu nokuthi uJehova wayengeke ashiye umphefumulo kaJesu eHayidese kodwa wayeyomvusa kwabafileyo. Cha, “uDavide akenyukelanga ezulwini,” kodwa njengoba abikezela kumaHubo 110:1, iNkosi yakhe eyenyukela khona. Ingubani iNkosi kaDavide? UPetru ufinyelela umvuthwandaba wakhe omkhulu futhi aphendule ngomfutho: “UJesu lo enambethela nina”!—IzE. 2:14-36; IHu. 16:8-11; 132:11.
26. Inkulumo kaPetru yazuzisa kanjani?
26 Ingabe inkulumo kaPetru, esekelwe encwadini yamaHubo, yayinenzuzo? Ukubhaphathizwa kwabacishe babe ngu-3 000 abanezelwa ebandleni lobuKristu ngalolosuku kuyazikhulumela.—IzE. 2:41.
27. “UMoya oNgcwele” walichaza kanjani iHubo 2?
27 Ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho, emhlanganweni okhethekile, abafundi banxusa uJehova futhi bacaphuna iHubo 2:1, 2. Bathi lokhu kwakugcwaliseke ekumelaneni kwamakhosi ahlangene ‘nenceku kaNkulunkulu engcwele uJesu lowo [uNkulunkulu] amgcobile.’ Futhi ukulandisa kuqhubeka kuthi “bagcwaliswa bonke nguMoya oNgcwele.”—IzEnzo 4:23-31.
28. (a) Esebenzisa incwadi yamaHubo, uPawulu ukhuluma ngani kumaHeberu izahluko 1 kuya ku-3? (b) IHubo 110:4 lisibeka kanjani isisekelo senkulumo kaPawulu yobupristi bukaMelkisedeki?
28 Manje, bheka encwadini eya kumaHeberu. Ezahlukweni ezimbili zokuqala, sithola izingcaphuno eziningi ezivela encwadini yamaHubo ezimayelana nokuphakama kukaJesu, njengeNdodana kaNkulunkulu ebekwe esihlalweni sobukhosi, ngaphezu kwezingelosi. UPawulu ubonisa ethathela kumaHubo 22:22 neminye imibhalo ukuthi uJesu unebandla ‘labazalwane,’ ingxenye yembewu ka-Abrahama ‘nabahlanganyeli bobizo lwasezulwini.’ (Heb. 2:10-13, 16; 3:1) Khona-ke, eqala kumaHeberu 6:20 futhi eqhubekela esahlukweni 7, lomphostoli wenabela kwesinye isikhundla uJesu anaso ngokuthi “ungumprisi kuze kube-phakade ngokokuma kukaMelkisedeki.” Lokhu kubhekisela esithembisweni uNkulunkulu asenza ngesifungo kumaHubo 110:4, leso uPawulu abhekisela kuso izikhathi eziningi ekuboniseni ukuphakama kobupristi bukaJesu kunalobo buka-Aroni. UPawulu uchaza ukuthi ngesifungo sikaJehova, uJesu Kristu akayena umpristi emhlabeni, kodwa ungumpristi ezulwini futhi “uhlala engumpristi njalonjalo”—izinzuzo zenkonzo yakhe yobupristi ziyoba ezaphakade.—Heb. 7:3, 15-17, 23-28.
29. Isiphi isibonelo esivelele sokuzinikela okumelwe sisilandele, njengoba sishiwo encwadini yamaHubo futhi sichazwa kumaHeberu 10:5-10?
29 Ngaphezu kwalokho, kumaHeberu 10:5-10, sitshelwa ngokwazisa okuhle kukaJesu ngenkambo yokuzidela njengomhlatshelo eyayiyintando kaNkulunkulu ngaye nangokuzimisela kwakhe ukufeza leyontando. Lokhu kusekelwe emazwini kaDavide akumaHubo 40:6-8. Lomoya oyisibonelo wokuzinikela kuzuzisa kakhulu ukuba sonke siwucabangele futhi siwulingise ukuze sithole ukuvunyelwa uNkulunkulu.—Bheka futhi iHubo 116:14-19.
30. Incwadi yamaHubo yayibikezela kanjani inkambo kaJesu ngokuningiliziwe, futhi kumelwe ukuba wayithola kanjani induduzo kuwo?
30 Inkambo uJesu ayithatha, eyaphumela ekuhlushweni okubuhlungu akubekezelela esigxotsheni sokuhlushwa, yabikezelwa encwadini yamaHubo ngemininingwane ephawulekayo. Lokhu kwahlanganisa ukunikwa kwakhe uviniga ukuba awuphuze, ukwenziwa kwenkatho ngezingubo zakhe, ukuphathwa ngesihluku kwezinyawo nezandla zakhe, ukuhlekwa usulu, nosizi olungokomzwelo olubuhlungu nangaphezulu lwalokho kukhala okubuhlungu: “Nkulunkulu wami, Nkulunkulu wami, ungishiyeleni na?” (Math. 27:34, 35, 43, 46; IHu. 22:1, 7, 8, 14-18; 69:20, 21) Njengoba kuboniswa uJohane 19:23-30, ngisho nangalawo mahora, uJesu kumelwe ukuba wathola induduzo enkulu nesiqondiso encwadini yamaHubo, azi ukuthi yonke lemibhalo kwakumelwe igcwaliseke kuze kufike emniningwaneni wokugcina. UJesu wayazi ukuthi incwadi yamaHubo yayikhulumé nangokuphathelene nokuvuswa nokuphakanyiswa kwakhe. Ngokungangabazeki wayecabanga ngezinto ezinjalo lapho ehola ‘ekuhlabeleleni igama lokubonga,’ noma ihubo, nabaphostoli bakhe ngobusuku bokugcina ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe.—Math. 26:30.
31. Incwadi yamaHubo ibikezelani ngokuphathelene neMbewu yoMbuso nebandla likaJesu?
31 Ngaleyondlela amaHubo ayiveza ngokucacile “indodana kaDavide” neMbewu yoMbuso ukuthi inguKristu Jesu, manje ophakanyiswe kokubili njengeNkosi nanjengomPristi eSiyoni lasezulwini. Indawo yokubhala ayikuvumeli ukuchazwa ngokuningiliziwe kwazo zonke izindinyana ezivela kumaHubo ezicashunwe emiBhalweni YamaKristu YesiGreki njengoba zigcwaliseka kuLona Ogcotshiwe kaJehova, kodwa ezinye izibonelo ezimbalwa zibhalwe lapha: IHu. 78:2—Math. 13:31-35; IHu. 69:4—Joh. 15:25; IHu. 118:22, 23—Marku 12:10, 11 nezE. 4:11; IHu. 34:20—Joh. 19:33, 36; IHu. 45:6, 7—Heb. 1:8, 9. Futhi, ibandla likaJesu labalandeli beqiniso libikezelwe encwadini yamaHubo, hhayi njengabantu ngabanye, kodwa njengeqembu elilethwa emseni kaNkulunkulu livela kuzo zonke izizwe ukuze lihlanganyele emsebenzini wokudumisa igama likaJehova.—IHu. 117:1—Roma 15:11; IHu. 68:18—Efe. 4:8-11; IHu. 95:7-11—Heb. 3:7, 8; 4:7.
32. (a) Ukufunda encwadini yamaHubo kwembulani ngokuphathelene nokulwelwa kukaJehova nezinjongo zoMbuso? (b) Ekuboniseni ukwazisa ngobukhosi bakhe, kumelwe sikubonise kanjani ukwethembeka nokubonga?
32 Ukufunda kwethu amaHubo kunezela kakhulu ekwaziseni kwethu ngobukhosi bukaJehova uNkulunkulu, lobo abusebenzisa ngeMbewu ethenjisiwe neNdlalifa yoMbuso, kube udumo nokulwelwa kwaKhe. Kwangathi singahlala siphakathi kwalabo abathembekile abajabula ‘ngenkazimulo nodumo lobukhosi bukaJehova’ nalabo okukhulunywa ngabo kumaHubo 145, okubhekiselwa kulo ngokuthi “indumiso kaDavide”: “Ngenkazimulo yombuso wakho bayakukhuluma, bashumayele ngamandla akho ukuba babazise abantwana babantu izenzo zakho zamandla nenkazimulo yobukhosi bombuso wakho. Umbuso wakho ungumbuso kuze kube-phakade; ubukhosi bakho busezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane.” (IHu. 145:5, 11-13) Ekugcwalisekeni kwehubo elingokwesiprofetho, inkazimulo yoMbuso kaNkulunkulu omisiwe ngoKristu ngisho kwamanje yenziwa yaziwe emadodaneni abantu kuzo zonke izizwe. Yeka ukuthi kumelwe sibe nokubonga kanjani ngoMbuso neNkosi yawo! Ngempela, afanelekile, amazwi eHubo athi: “Konke okuphefumulayo makudumise uJehova. Haleluya! [Dumisani uJah, nina-bantu!, NW].”—150:6.
[Imibhalo yaphansi]
a Insight on the Scriptures, Umq. 2, amakhasi 710-11.